Designing Your Ideal Horizontal Top-Bar Hive

8/22/2019 Designing Your Ideal Horizontal Top-Bar Hive

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Designing Your Ideal Horizontal Top-Bar Hive

by

John Vendy


2/15

Contents

LEGAL STUFF.......................................................................................................................4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................................4INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................5BACKGROUND.....................................................................................................................5HIVE MATERIALS..................................................................................................................5

Western Red Cedar4.....................................................................................................S!"t#!!d5......................................................................................................................Ra# L$nseed O$% and Bees#a&......................................................................................O'ser(at$!n W$nd!#.....................................................................................................)

G%ass.....................................................................................................................)*%ast$+s..................................................................................................................)

HIVE FEATURES...................................................................................................................)

H$(e S$,e........................................................................................................................)W$dt-.....................................................................................................................)Lent-...................................................................................................................)

TO*/BARS....................................................................................................................)Lent-...................................................................................................................0W$dt-.....................................................................................................................0C!1' G2$de..........................................................................................................0

FOLLOWER BOARD.....................................................................................................3ROOF............................................................................................................................3

*$t+-ed R!!"........................................................................................................Ga'%ed R!!"........................................................................................................

F$n$s-...................................................................................................................*a$nt....................................................................................................................A%21$n$21 S-eet.................................................................................................Western Red Cedar............................................................................................*%ast$+ S-eet 6 C!rre& S-eet...............................................................................R!!"$n Fe%t.........................................................................................................

LEGS...........................................................................................................................OBSERVATION WINDOW...........................................................................................HIVE FLOOR...............................................................................................................7

Varr!a Mes- and B!tt!1 B!ard.........................................................................7Dee8 F%!!r)........................................................................................................7

FEEDING 9OUR BEES...............................................................................................:ENTRANCE LOCATION;S


3/15

Illustration Index

I%%2strat$!n = H$(e $n Western Red Cedar..............................................................................

I%%2strat$!n 7= Red#!!d H$(e C!ated #$t- L$nseed > Bees#a&.............................................I%%2strat$!n := Wa& $n Gr!!(e C!1' G2$de.............................................................................0I%%2strat$!n 4= T!8/Bars #$t- Tr$an2%ar C!1' G2$de.............................................................0I%%2strat$!n 5= C!18%eted F!%%!#er B!ard...............................................................................3I%%2strat$!n = *$t+-ed R!!"...................................................................................................I%%2strat$!n )= Ga'%e R!!".....................................................................................................I%%2strat$!n 0= A%21$n$21 +!(ered r!!"..................................................................................I%%2strat$!n 3= Western Red Cedar R!!"...............................................................................I%%2strat$!n = V$e# T-r!2- an O'ser(at$!n W$nd!#........................................................I%%2strat$!n = B!tt!1 B!ard %!#ered t! s-!# %$8................................................................7I%%2strat$!n 7= Ga%(an$,ed Varr!a Mes-..............................................................................7

I%%2strat$!n := Dee8 F%!!r %!#ered "!r +%ar$t?......................................................................:I%%2strat$!n 4= S$18%e @ar Feeder........................................................................................:I%%2strat$!n 5= Feeder !(er S%!tted T!8/Bar........................................................................:


4/15

LEGAL STUFF

A%% $n"!r1at$!n -ere$n $s t-e !8$n$!n !" t-e a2t-!r 2n%ess s8e+$"$+a%%? re"eren+ed and $s !""ered $n !!d "a$t-. *%ease

+-e+ "!r a88%$+a'$%$t? t! ?!2r +-!sen st?%e !" 'eeee8$n %!+at$!n +%$1ate %!+a% %a#s et+.

A%% +!ntent +!8?r$-t !" @!-n Vend? 7:. An? re8r!d2+t$!n 12st 'e $n "2%% #$t- +red$t $(en t! t-e +!8?r$-t -!%der. N!

+-are +an 'e 1ade "!r d$str$'2t$!n $n an? "!r1at e%e+tr!n$+ !r -ard/+!8?.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I a1 $nde'ted t! *-$% C-and%er "!r 1a$n -$s H!r$,!nta% T!8/Bar H$(e 8%ans "ree%?

a(a$%a'%e. I 12st a%s! t-an -$1 "!r -$s $ns8$rat$!na% ta%s ($de!s and #!rds !"

en+!2rae1ent !n t-e $nternet $n -$s '!!s and and at -$s tra$n$n #ee/ends. T-e

s288!rt a(a$%a'%e !n t-e Nat2ra% Beeee8$n F!r21$s se+!nd t! n!ne

I a1 a%#a?s rate"2% t! -ear "eed/'a+ "r!1 t-!se t-at I -a(e '2$%t -$(es "!r. *!s$t$(e "eed/

'a+ $s a%#a?s !!d '2t neat$(e "eed/'a+ -e%8s t! re"$ne des$n "eat2res "!r "2t2re

-$(es.

And !" +!2rse t-ans ! t! 1? e(er/s2""er$n 8artner S2e "!r n!t +!18%a$n$n a'!2t 1?

t$1e s8ent resear+-$n e2$81ent and 1ater$a%s ta%$n t! !t-ers a'!2t 'eeee8$n

'2$%d$n -$(es and tend$n 1? !#n 'ees.

NOTE= S28ers+r$8t n21'ers ;4< re"er t! n!tes $n t-e Re"eren+es se+t$!n at t-e end !" t-$s

d!+21ent


5/15

INT!D"CTI!N

I" ?!2 are read$n t-$s ?!2re 8r!'a'%? +%!se t! +!11$tt$n t! ee8$n 'ees $n as nat2ra% a

#a? as $s 8!ss$'%e. T-e a$1 !" t-ese 8aes $s t! e&8%a$n t-e 'ene"$ts ;!r %a+ !"< !" s!1e!" t-e !8t$!ns a(a$%a'%e t! ?!2 #-en des$n$n ?!2r H!r$,!nta% T!8/Bar H$(e ;-TBH


6/15

*estern ed Cedar+

T-e Western Red Cedar tree $s ane(erreen +!n$"er!2s tree !" t-e

+?8ress "a1$%?. It $s nat$(e t! t-e#estern states !" t-e USA a%t-!2-s!1e $s n!# r!#n $n #estern E2r!8e.Mat2re trees rea+- ) 1 $n -e$-t #$t-a $rt- !" : t! 4 1 at t-e 'ase.

It -as a re%at$(e%? -$- +ar'!n "!!t8r$ntand 8r$+e d2e t! t-e d$stan+e "r!1 $tsr!#$n area.

T-e -ar(ested #!!d $s re%at$(e%? -$- $nnat2ra% res$ns #-$+- deter #!!d 8ests

and re8e% #ater %ead$n t! a %!n %$"e#-en e&8!sed t! t-e e%e1ents. It a%s!-as a nat2ra% "2n$+$de #-$+- -e%8s t!8re(ent r!tt$n. Its re82ted t! %ast "r!1 4 t! ?ears #-en %e"t !2ts$de and n!t treated.T-e t$-t stra$-t ra$n and "e# n!ts $n t-e #!!d res2%t $n a %$-t '2t str!n #!!d t-at $sres$stant t! #ar8$n and s8%$tt$n.

T-e #!!d +!%!2r ranes "r!1 red6'r!#n t! ?e%%!# ;t-e -eart/#!!d "r!1 t-e +entre !" t-etree


7/15

$s "aster $" t-e -$(e $s %e"t !2ts$de.

!bservation *indo

*!tent$a% 1ater$a%s are %ass and 8%ast$+.

%lass

G%ass $s eas$%? a(a$%a'%e '2t eas$%? da1aed and a !!d +!nd2+t!r !" -eat #-$+-#$%% tae -eat !2t !" t-e -$(e and +an +a2se +!ndensat$!n.

/lasti0s

*ers8e& ;*%e&$%ass $n US< !r a+r?%$+ are !!d !8t$!ns. B!t- are 'etter $ns2%at!rst-an %ass and %ess "ra$%e. A+r?%$+ $s s%$-t%? 1!re s+rat+- res$stant t-an 8ers8e&.

HIV& 1T"&)

Hive )ize

T-e s$,e ;(!%21e< !" ?!2r -$(e de8ends 28!n ?!2r needs and a$1s.

*idth

T-e -$(e #$dt- $s deter1$ned '? t-e %ent- !" t-e t!8/'ars. I" ?!2 are a$1$n t! 2sea "ra1ed n2+%e2s +!%!n? t! 8!82%ate t-e -$(e t-e 8re"erred #$dt- #$%% 'e !ne t-at

+an a++!11!date t-e t!8/'ars !" t-e "ra1es t-at t-e 'ees +!1e !n.

(ength

I" ?!2re 2s$n a ) $n+- t!8/'ar and t-e -$(e +a($t? $s 5 $n+-es at t-e t!8 5 $n+-esa+r!ss t-e '!tt!1 and $n+-es dee8 ;as s2ested $n t-e Bare"!!t Beeee8er8%ans< a %ent- !" 77 $n+-es #$%% $(e a (!%21e !" a'!2t 4 %$tres t-e !8t$121(!%21e "!r attra+t$n a s#ar1. I -a(e s2++ess"2%%? attra+ted s#ar1s $nt! a 'a$t -$(e!" 0 $n+-es %ent-. T-$s $s a%s! a !!d s$,e t! start a n2+%e2s +!%!n? 8!ss$'%? 2s$na s$n%e "!%%!#er '!ard t! +!ntr!% t-e (!%21e as t-e +!%!n? e&8ands.

A : $n+- %ent- at t-e sa1e +r!ss/se+t$!n #$%% $(e an ade2ate (!%21e "!r !ne+!%!n?. I" ?!2 need t! s8%$t t-e +!%!n? ;art$"$+$a% s#ar1$n< t! +!ntr!% s#ar1$n t#!+!%!n$es +!2%d %$(e $n t-e -$(e "!r a s-!rt t$1e.

A -$(e !" 40 $n+- %ent- -a(e 8%ent? !" r!!1 "!r t#! +!%!n$es "!r t-e re1a$nder !"t-e seas!n a"ter +!18%et$n a s8%$t. 9!2 #$%% need t! e$t-er re/+!1'$ne t-e t#!+!%!n$es $n t-e %ate s211er6ear%? a2t21n !r -a(e a se+!nd -$(e read? $n t-e ear%?s8r$n 'e"!re t-e 8!82%at$!n start t! '2$%d 28 ra8$d%?.

T!/-B#)

*r!'a'%? t-e 1!st $18!rtant 8art !" t-e -$(e. Get t-$s r$-t and %!!$n a"ter a t!8/'ar -$(e

should'e+!1e eas$er ;'2t n! 2arantees #$t- 'ees


8/15

(ength

T-e? need t! 'e 'et#een and 7 $n+-es %!ner t-an t-e -$(e $s #$de s! t-at t-e? s$t!n t!8 !" t-e -$(e s$des and +ant eas$%? 'e n!+ed $n t! t-e -$(e '? a++$dent. T-et!8/'ars !" a Br$t$s- Nat$!na% "ra1e are ) $n+-es %!n and t-$s $s a 8!82%ar s$,e $nt-e UK "!r -TBH t!8/'ars ;as +-!8n+r!8 "ra1es #$%% "$t eas$%?


9/15

Ha%"/r!2nd 1!2%d$n +an eas$%? 'e '!2-t "r!1 DI9 st!res. Atta+-$n t-$s t! t-e 2nders$de!" t-e t!8/'ars 8r!($des a "a$r%? re%$a'%e 2$de. Ot-er s-a8es t-at #!r #e%% $" ?!2 +ans!2r+e t-e1 are tr$an2%ar ;1? 8re"eren+e and t-e 2s2a% !ne I s288%? #$t- a -$(eI%%2strat$!n t! r$-t< and s1a%% s2are !r re+tan%e. Bar'e2e se#ers are +-ea8 and #!r

#e%% #-en %2ed6sta8%ed t! t-e t!8/'ar. T-!se t-at $(e a s1a%% r$de are 'est $.e. $" 2s$ns2are $ts s$de s-!2%d 'e ar!2nd J !" t-e t!8/'ar #$dt-.F!r t-!se #$t- a ta'%e sa# and t-e s$%% t! 2se $t sa"e%? r$88$n t-e t!8/'ars and tr$an2%arse+t$!ns "r!1 %arer 8%ans $s eas? and #!rs #e%%. S!1e 2se a ta'%e sa# t! r$8 t-e t!8/'ar $n+%2d$n tr$an2%ar 2$de "r!1 a s$n%e 8$e+e !" #!!d. T-$s $n(!%(es a %!t 1!re t$1esett$n 28 t-e sa# and enerates +!ns$dera'%? 1!re #aste t-an +2tt$n t-e 2$desse8arate%? t-en atta+-$n t-e1 t! t-e t!8/'ar.

1!((!*& B!#D

T-e H!%? Gra$% !" t-e "!%%!#er '!ard $s +%!se "$t

t! t-e -$(e '!d?. As %!n as an? a8s are %esst-an a 'ee/s8a+e ;a88r!&. 011< t-e 'ees #$%%n!t 'e a""e+ted.

T-e "$rst ste8 t! a+-$e($n a !!d "$t $s t!s8end s!1e t$1e ens2r$n a%% !" t-e "!%%!#er'!ards "!r !ne -$(e are s?11etr$+a% and$dent$+a%. C2t t-e '!ards t! t-e r$-t s$,e t-en+%a18 t!et-er t! +-e+ and tr$1 $" ne+essar?.

I '2$%d t-e -$(e '!d? ar!2nd t-e "!%%!#er'!ard as des+r$'ed $n t-e Bare"!!t

Beeee8ers 8%ans '2t 2se %2ae stra8s t!-!%d t-e -$(e s$des "$r1%? aa$nst t-e "!%%!#er#-en atta+-$n t-e end 8ane%s. T-$s a%#a?s$(es a sn2 "$tt$n "!%%!#er.

!!1

T-e a$1 !" t-e r!!" $s t! 8r!te+t t-e t!8/'ars "r!1 #eat-er. Ra$n #$%% 8enetrate 'et#eene&8!sed t!8/'ars and #et rat-er t-an +!%d $%%s 'ees. D$re+t s2n !n t!8/'ars #$%% +a2set-e +!1' t! 1e%t near t-e t!8/'ar and +!1's es8e+$a%%? #-en -ea(? #$t- 'r!!d !r st!res#$%% +!%%a8se. A !!d r!!" 8r!($des a (ent$%ated a$r/a8 a'!(e t-e t!8/'ars and $s #ater/

t$-t.T-e a$r/a8 1a? 'e 2t$%$sed '? a "eeder $" ?!2 !8t t! "eed a'!(e t-e 'ees. T!8/'ars +an 'eada8ted t! +!rres8!nd t! a +!11er+$a%%? a(a$%a'%e "eeder.

D2r$n #$nter !r $n -!t +%$1ates d2r$n s211er an !%d 8$%%!# +ase !r sa+ "$%%ed #$t- #!!ds-a($ns a'!(e t-e t!8/'ars #$%% 8r!($de $ns2%at$!n. A s-ee8s "%ee+e !r !%d '%anet a%s!#!r #e%%. T-e 1ater$a% 2sed s-!2%d 'e 1!$st2re 8er1ea'%e and $ns2%at$n.

T-ere are 1an? 1ater$a%s t-at #$%% 8r!($de a #ater8r!!" +!(er$n. T-e 1!st 8!82%ar ared$s+2ssed !n t-e ne&t 8ae.

Illustration %: Co!pleted ollower Board


10/15

/it0hed oo,

I" s$n%e 8$t+- r!!" ;!ne "%at s%!8$n s2r"a+e< $s8%a+ed !n t-e -$(e #$t- t-e -$-er s$de !(er t-e

entran+e. A"ter a ra$n s-!#er t-e dr$8s "r!1 t-er!!" #$%% n!t 'e !(er t-e entran+e s! $" ?!2r -$(e$s $n a +%$1ate %$e 1$ne t-e 'ees +an s8end1!re t$1e "!ra$n.

%abled oo,

T-$s st?%e !" r!!" $(es reater s8a+e a'!(e t-e t!8/'arsa%%!#$n a %arer "eeder a'!(e t-e 'ees t! 'e 2sed. I(e"!2nd t-at a %!t !" 8e!8%e "$nd t-$s r!!" 1!re aest-et$+a%%?8%eas$n $n t-e$r arden.

1inish

T-e "$n$s- !" t-e r!!" $s 8r!'a'%? t-e 1!st $18!rtant as8e+tas t-$s deter1$nes -!# #ater8r!!" t-e r!!" $s.

*a$nt

A #eat-er8r!!" rade !" 8a$nt !(er a !!d 2a%$t? #!!d $s t-e s$18%est #eat-er8r!te+t$!n '2t #$%% need rene#$n re2%ar%? t! a(!$d %eas.

A%21$n$21 S-eet

I -a(e 2sed a%21$n$21 s-eets re+?+%ed "r!1t-e 8r$nt$n $nd2str? !n t-e 1a!r$t? !" -$(es.F!%ded !(er a 8%?/#!!d 8ane% t-e? are %$-t%!n/%ast$n and +!18%ete%? #ater8r!!" ;as%!n as !$ns and s+re# -!%es are sea%ed


11/15

%$nseed !$% and 'ees#a& #$%% a$d #ater re8e%%en+?.

*%ast$+ S-eet 6 C!rre& S-eet

T-e +-ea8est #ater8r!!" +!(er$n '2t +an 'e da1aed eas$%?

R!!"$n Fe%t

T-$s $s eas$%? !'ta$na'%e s$18%e t! a88%? and s-!2%d %ast "!r ?ears. It $s a%s! 8%$a'%eand +an eas$%? "$t an? s-a8e !" r!!". Its 'est %2ed $nt! 8!s$t$!n as na$%$n $t #$%%res2%t $n %eas $n t$1e.

(&%)

T-e -$(e %es need t! 8r!($de a sta'%e -$(e. I(e seen -$(es #$t- %es 1ade "r!1 :&

t$1'er '2t t-e -$(e +an r!+ and s#a? as t-e #!!d $s 2$te "%e&$'%e at t-$s t-$+ness. I8re"er t! 2se :&7. Ens2r$n t-at t-e %es are ade2ate%? s8%a?ed res2%ts $n a (er? sta'%e-$(e ;"!%%!# *-$%s 8%ans7


12/15

red %$-t s!2r+e ;rear '$+?+%e %a18< #$%% n!t d$st2r' t-e 'ees at a%% ;'ees +ann!t see t-e redend !" t-e %$-t s8e+tr21


13/15

F!r s!1e t-e $dea !" n!t 'e$n a'%e t!+-e+ "!r Varr!a $s neat$(e '2t +!%!n$es-a(e 'een !'ser($n t-r$($n $n tree -!%%!#s#-ere s2+- 1$n$ e+!s?ste1s e&$st. Aa$n

t-$s $s tr?$n t! re8%$+ate nat2re.

1&&DIN% Y!" B&&)

Idea%%? t-ere s-!2%d 'e n! need t! "eed-!ne?'ees es8e+$a%%? $" t-ere $s n! a$1 t! re1!(et-e -!ne? t-e? +reate. H!#e(er $n t-e rea% #!r%d!" +-an$n +%$1ate and 2n2s2a% #eat-er 8atterns"eed$n $s s!1et$1es ne+essar? t! ens2re t-es2r($(a% !" ?!2r +!%!n?.

O8en "eed$n ;!2ts$de !" t-e -$(e< s-!2%d 'e a(!$ded as $t +an 8r!1!te r!''$n !" #eaer+!%!n$es.

Feed$n #$t-$n t-e -$(e +an 'e a+-$e(ed $n a n21'er !" #a?s. T-e s$18%est $s a tra? !r'!#% 8%a+ed $n t-e -$(e +!nta$n$n t-e s2ar s?r28. W$t- t-$s s?ste1 a%#a?s "%!at s!1estra# !" #!!d !n t-e s2r"a+e s! t-at an? 'ees t-at "a%% $n +an +%$1' !2t aa$n ;t-e?re n!treat s#$11ers


14/15

M? 8re"eren+e $s "!r t-e entran+e t! 'e t!#ards t-e end !" t-e %!n s$de. I" t-ere $s !net!8/'ar 'e"!re t-e "!%%!#er at t-e entran+e end t-e 'r!!d nest +an st$%% 'e eas$%? a++essed'2t t-e st!res #$%% !n%? 'e at !ne end !" t-e -$(e.

In a 40 $n+- -$(e entran+es +an 'e t!#ard '!t- ends !" t-e sa1e %!n s$de t! "a+$%$tate as8%$t ;art$"$+$a% s#ar1< $n t-e !ne -$(e. T! s-are t-e "%?$n 'ees 'et#een t-e t#! -a%(es !"t-e s8%$t t-e -$(e $s 1!(ed s! t-at t-e entran+es are e2$d$stant "r!1 t-e !r$$na% entran+e8!s$t$!n.

(#NDIN% B!#D

A %and$n '!ard $s !ne t-$n I %$e t-at d!esnt -e%8 t-e 'ees (er? 12+-. T-e? are 2$te+a8a'%e !" %and$n and ta$n !"" !n s2r"a+es t-at are (ert$+a% !r 'e?!nd. H!#e(er a%and$n '!ard !""ers a reat !88!rt2n$t? t! #at+- t-e 'ees and !'ser(e t-e 8!%%en t-e? are+arr?$n. 9!2 +an see #-et-er dr!nes are a+t$(e 1!re eas$%? and !'ser(e 2ard 'ees $n

a+t$!n. A%% ?!2 need t! 8ass a "e# -a88? -!2rs #$t- a %and$n '!ard are a +!1"!rta'%e+-a$r and a +28 !" tea


15/15

&1&&NC&)

. Nat2ra% Beeee8$n F!r21 / -tt8=66###.'$!'ees.+!16"!r216

7. Bas$+ -TBH *%ans / -tt8=66###.%2%2.+!16s-!868-$%$8/+-and%er6-!#/t!/'2$%d/a/t!8/

'ar/-$(e6e'!!68r!d2+t/5:75.-t1%sess$!n$dF3:)BF:A7E304:D4EDDB)54:

:. *a%%et 1ar$ns / -tt8=66reen28rader.+!163056-!#/t!/te%%/$"/#!!d/8a%%ets/are/sa"e/"!r/+ra"t$n6

4. Western Red Cedar / -tt8=66en.#$$8ed$a.!r6#$$6T-2a8%$+ata

5. S!"t#!!d / -tt8=66en.#$$8ed$a.!r6#$$6S!"t#!!d

. Ba$t H$(es / -tt8=66e+!11!ns.+!rne%%.ed26'$tstrea160:675:676Ba$tJ7H$(esJ7"!rJ7H!ne?J7Bees.8d"

). Dee8 F%!!r H$(e / -tt8=66###.?!2t2'e.+!16#at+-(SWB/8d%eFP0. Feeder / -tt8=66###.8a?nes'ee"ar1.+!.26"eed$n6+%ear/'!&/"eeder/s1a%%/.5/%$tre6

!r -tt8=66###."ra$%e/8%anet.+!.268%ast$+//5%t/n2+%e2s/"eeder.-t1%

B&& &(#T&D INT&N&T (IN$) I (I$&

Nat2ra% Beeee8$n F!r21 / -tt8=66###.'$!'ees.+!16"!r216

Varr!a Mes- s288%$er /-tt8=66###.t-e1es-+!18an?.+!.26a+ata%!6Ga%(an$sedStee%Varr!aMes-/T!8BarH$(e.-t1%

M$+-ae% B2s-s #e's$te ;1? "a(!2r$te 8ae< / -tt8=66###.'2s-"ar1s.+!16'ees1at-.-t1

*!%%en C!%!2r C-art / -tt8=66###.s-e""$e%d'eeee8ers.!r.26t!!%s68!%%en/+-art6

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Designing Your Ideal Horizontal Top-Bar Hive