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Desktop publishing (abbreviated DTP) is the creation of
documents usingpage layoutskills on apersonal computer. When used
skillfully, desktop publishing software can produce text and images
withattractive layouts and typographic quality comparable to
traditionaltypographyandprinting. Thistechnology allows
individuals, businesses, and other organizations to self-publish a
wide range of printedmatterfrommenusand local newsletters to books,
magazines, and newspaperswithout thesometimes-prohibitive expense
of commercial printing.
Desktop publishing combines apersonal computerandWYSIWYGpage
layoutsoftwareto createpublicationdocumentson a computer for
eitherlarge scale publishingor small scale
localmultifunctionperipheraloutput and distribution. Desktop
publishing methods provide more control over design, layout,and
typography thanword processingdoes. However, word processing
software has evolved to includesome, though by no means all,
capabilities previously available only with professional printing
or desktoppublishing.
The same DTP skills and software used for common paper and book
publishing are sometimes used tocreate graphics forpoint of sale
displays,promotional items,trade show exhibits,retail package
designsandoutdoor signs. Although what is classified as "DTP
software" is usually limited to print and PDFpublications, DTP
skills aren't limited to print. The content produced by desktop
publishers may also beexported and used forelectronic media. The
job descriptions that include "DTP" such asDTP artistoften
require skills using software for producinge-books, web content,
andweb pages.
Table of Contents
1 History
2 Terminology
3 Comparisons
3.1 With word processing
3.2 With other electronic layout software
4 DTP applications
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
History
Desktop publishing began in 1983 with a program developed by
James Bessen at a communitynewspaper in Philadelphia.[1]That
program, Type Processor One, ran on anPCusing agraphics cardfor
aWYSIWYGdisplay and was offered commercially by Best info in
1984.[2](Desktoptypesetting, with onlylimited page makeup
facilities, had arrived in 19789 with the introduction ofTeX, and
was extended inthe early 1980s byLaTeX.) The DTP market exploded in
1985 with the introduction in January of
theAppleLaserWriterprinter, and later in July with the introduction
ofPageMakersoftware fromAlduswhichrapidly became the DTP industry
standard software.
The term "desktop publishing" is attributed toAldus
CorporationfounderPaul Brainerd,[3]who sought amarketing
catch-phrase to describe the small size and relative affordability
of this suite of products incontrast to the expensive
commercialphototypesettingequipment of the day.
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By the standards of today, early desktop publishing was a
primitive affair. Users of the PageMaker-LaserWriter-Macintosh 512K
system endured frequent software crashes,[4]cramped display on the
Mac'stiny 512 x 342 1-bitmonochromescreen, the inability to
controlletter spacing,kerning(the addition orremoval of space
between individual characters in a piece of typeset text to improve
its appearance oralter its fit) and othertypographic features, and
discrepancies between the screen display and printedoutput.
However, it was a revolutionary combination at the time, and was
received with considerableacclaim.
Behind-the-scenes technologies developed byAdobe Systemsset the
foundation for professionaldesktop publishing applications. The
LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus printers included high
quality,scalable AdobePostScript-fonts built into theirROMmemory.
The LaserWriter'sPostScriptcapabilityallowed publication designers
to proof files on a local printer then print the same file at
DTPservicebureaususingoptical resolution600+ ppi
PostScript-printers such as those fromLinotronic. Later,
theMacintosh IIwas released which was much more suitable for
desktop publishing because of its greaterexpandability, support for
large colormulti-monitordisplays, and itsSCSIstorage interface
which allowedfast, high-capacity hard drives to be attached to the
system.
Although Macintosh-based systems would continue to dominate the
market, in 1986, theGEM-basedVentura Publisherwas introduced
forMS-DOScomputers. While PageMaker's pasteboard metaphor
closely simulated the process of creating layouts manually,
Ventura Publisher automated the layoutprocess through its use of
tags/style sheetsand automatically generated indices and other body
matter.This made it suitable for manuals and other long-format
documents. Desktop publishing moved into thehome market in 1986
withProfessional Pagefor theAmiga,Publishing Partner(now
PageStream) for theAtari ST, GST'sTimeworks Publisheron the PC and
Atari ST andCalamusfor theAtari TT030. Even for8-bit computers like
theApple IIandCommodore 64software was published: Home
Publisher,TheNewsroomandgeoPublish.
During its early years, desktop publishing acquired a bad
reputation as a result of untrained users whocreated
poorly-organizedransom note effectlayouts similar criticism would
be levied again againstearlyWebpublishers a decade later. However,
some were able to realize truly professional results.
Once considered a primary skill, increased accessibility to more
user-friendly DTP software has made
DTP a secondary skill toart direction,graphic design,multimedia
development,marketingcommunications,administrative careersand
advanced high school literacy in thriving economies.
[clarification
needed]DTP skill levels range from what may be learned in a few
hours (e.g. learning how to put clip art in a
word processor) to what requires a college education and years
of experience (e.g.advertising agencypositions). The discipline of
DTP skills range from technical skills such as prepress
productionandprogrammingto creative skills such ascommunication
designandgraphic image development.
Terminology
There are two types of pages in desktop publishing,electronic
pagesand virtual paper pages to beprinted onphysical paper pages.
All computerized documents are technically electronic, which are
limitedin size only bycomputer memoryorcomputer data
storagespace.
Virtual paper pages will ultimately beprinted, and therefore
require paper parameters that coincide withinternational standard
physical paper sizessuch as "A4," "letter," etc., if not custom
sizes for trimming.Some desktop publishing programs allow custom
sizes designated for large format printing used
inposters,billboardsandtrade show displays. A virtual page for
printing has a predesignated size of virtualprinting material and
can be viewed on a monitor inWYSIWYGformat. Each page for printing
has trimsizes (edge of paper) and a printable area ifbleed
printingis not possible as is the case with mostdesktop
printers.
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g_communications?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Marketing_communications?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Marketing_communications?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Administration_(business)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Administration_(business)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Administration_(business)?qsrc=3044http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?qsrc=3044http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?qsrc=3044http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?qsrc=3044http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Advertising_agency?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Advertising_agency?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Advertising_agency?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Prepress?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Prepress?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Prepress?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Programming?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Programming?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Communication_design?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Communication_design?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Communication_design?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Graphic_image_development?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Graphic_image_development?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Graphic_image_development?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Electronic_page?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Electronic_page?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Electronic_page?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Page_(paper)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Page_(paper)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Page_(paper)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Computer_memory?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Computer_memory?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Computer_memory?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Computer_data_storage?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Computer_data_storage?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Computer_data_storage?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Printing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Printing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Printing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Paper_size?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Paper_size?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Poster?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Poster?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Billboard?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Billboard?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Billboard?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Trade_show_displays?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Trade_show_displays?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Trade_show_displays?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Bleed_(printing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Bleed_(printing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Bleed_(printing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Desktop_printer?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Desktop_printer?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Desktop_printer?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Bleed_(printing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Trade_show_displays?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Billboard?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Poster?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Paper_size?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Printing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Computer_data_storage?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Computer_memory?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Page_(paper)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Electronic_page?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Graphic_image_development?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Communication_design?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Programming?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Prepress?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Advertising_agency?qsrc=3044http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?qsrc=3044http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Administration_(business)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Marketing_communications?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Marketing_communications?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Multimedia?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Graphic_design?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Art_direction?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/World_Wide_Web?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ransom_note_effect?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/GeoPublish?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/The_Newsroom_(software)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/The_Newsroom_(software)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Commodore_64?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Apple_II?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Atari_TT030?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Calamus_(DTP)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Timeworks_Publisher?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Atari_ST?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/PageStream?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Amiga?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Professional_Page?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Style_sheet_(desktop_publishing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/MS-DOS?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ventura_Publisher?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Graphical_Environment_Manager?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/SCSI?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Multi-monitor?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Macintosh_II?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Linotronic?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Optics?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Service_bureau?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Service_bureau?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/PostScript?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Read-only_memory?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/PostScript?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Adobe_Systems?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typography?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Kerning?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Letter_spacing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Monochrome?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Desktop_publishing#cite_note-3
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Aweb pageis an example of an electronic page that is not
constrained by virtual paper parameters. Mostelectronic pages may
be dynamically re-sized, causing either thecontentto scale in size
with the page orcausing thecontent to re-flow.
Master pages are templates used to automatically copy or link
elements and graphic design styles tosome or all the pages of a
multipage document. Linked elements can be modified without having
to
change each instance of an element on pages that use the same
element. Master pages can also beused to apply graphic design
styles to automatic page numbering.
Page layoutis the process by which the elements are laid on the
page orderly, aesthetically, andprecisely. Main types of components
to be laid out on a page include text, linkedimagesthat can only
bemodified as an external source, and embedded images that may be
modified with the layout applicationsoftware. Some embedded images
arerenderedin the application software, while others can be
placedfrom an external source image file. Text may bekeyedinto the
layout, placed, or (withdatabasepublishingapplications) linked to
an external source of text which allows multiple editors to develop
adocument at the same time.
Graphic design styles such as color, transparency, and filters,
may also be applied to layout elements.Typographystyles may be
applied to text automatically withstyle sheets. Some layout
programs include
style sheets for images in addition to text. Graphic styles for
images may be border shapes, colors,transparency, filters, and a
parameter designating the way text flows around the object
called"wraparound" or "runaround."
Comparisons
With word processing
While desktop publishing software still provides extensive
features necessary for print publishing, modernword processors now
have publishing capabilities beyond those of many older DTP
applications, blurringthe line betweenword processingand desktop
publishing.
In the early days ofgraphical user interfaces, DTP software was
in a class of its own when compared tothe fairly spartan word
processing applications of the time. Programs such
asWordPerfectandWordStarwere still mainly text-based and offered
little in the way of page layout, other than perhaps margins
andline spacing. On the other hand, word processing software was
necessary for features like indexing andspell checking, features
that are common in many applications today.
As computers and operating systems have become more powerful,
vendors have sought to provide userswith a single application
platform that can meet all needs.
With other electronic layout software
In modern usage, DTP is not generally said to include tools such
as TeXortroff, though both can easilybe used on a modern desktop
system and are standard with manyUnix-likeoperating systems and
readily available for other systems. The key difference between
electronictypesettingsoftware and DTPsoftware is that DTP software
is generally interactive andWYSIWYGin design, while other
electronictypesetting software, such asTeX,LaTeXand other variants,
tends to operate inbatch mode, requiringthe user to enter the
processing program's markup language without immediate
visualization of thefinished product. This kind of workflow is less
user-friendly thanWYSIWYG, but more suitable forconference
proceedings and scholarly articles as well as corporate newsletters
or other applicationswhere consistent, automated layout is
important.
http://www.ask.com/wiki/Web_page?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Web_page?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Web_page?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Content_(media_and_publishing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Content_(media_and_publishing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Content_(media_and_publishing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Web_design?qsrc=3044#Layouthttp://www.ask.com/wiki/Web_design?qsrc=3044#Layouthttp://www.ask.com/wiki/Web_design?qsrc=3044#Layouthttp://www.ask.com/wiki/Page_layout?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Page_layout?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Wikt:text?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Wikt:text?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Wikt:text?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Image?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Image?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Image?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Artistic_rendering?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Artistic_rendering?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Artistic_rendering?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Database_publishing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Database_publishing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Database_publishing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Database_publishing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typography?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typography?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Style_sheet_(desktop_publishing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Style_sheet_(desktop_publishing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Style_sheet_(desktop_publishing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Word_processing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Word_processing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Word_processing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Graphical_user_interface?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Graphical_user_interface?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Graphical_user_interface?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WordPerfect?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WordPerfect?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WordPerfect?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WordStar?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WordStar?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WordStar?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/TeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/TeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/TeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Troff?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Troff?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Troff?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Unix-like?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Unix-like?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Unix-like?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typesetting?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typesetting?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typesetting?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/TeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/TeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/TeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/LaTeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/LaTeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/LaTeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Batch_mode?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Batch_mode?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Batch_mode?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Batch_mode?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/LaTeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/TeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WYSIWYG?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typesetting?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Unix-like?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Troff?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/TeX?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WordStar?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/WordPerfect?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Graphical_user_interface?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Word_processing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Style_sheet_(desktop_publishing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typography?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Database_publishing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Database_publishing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Typing?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Artistic_rendering?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Image?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Wikt:text?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Page_layout?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Web_design?qsrc=3044#Layouthttp://www.ask.com/wiki/Content_(media_and_publishing)?qsrc=3044http://www.ask.com/wiki/Web_page?qsrc=3044
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There is some overlap between desktop publishing and what is
known asHypermediapublishing (i.e.Web design, Kiosk, CD-ROM). Many
graphicalHTML editorssuch asMicrosoft
FrontPageandAdobeDreamweaveruse a layout engine similar to a DTP
program. However, some Web designers still prefer towrite HTML
without the assistance of a WYSIWYG editor, for greater control and
because these editorsoften result incode bloat.
DTP applications
For a more comprehensive list, seeList of desktop publishing
software.
Aldus Personal Press
Adobe FrameMaker
Adobe InDesign
Adobe PageMaker
Adobe HomePublisher
Apple Pages
Corel Ventura
Fatpaint(Web-based application)
iStudio Publisher
Microsoft Office Publisher
OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice
PageStream(used to be "Publishing Partner")
PTCArbortext
QuarkXPress
Ready,Set,Go
Scribus
Serif PagePlus
Xara Photo & Graphic Designer
See also
Comparison of desktop publishing software List of desktop
publishing software
Document processor
Camera-ready
Desktop video
E-book
References
1. "What You See Is Pretty Close to What You Get: New h&j,
pagination program for IBM PC,"Seybold Report on Publishing
Systems, 13(10), February 13, 1984, pp. 21-2.
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