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Detection of Soil Freeze/Thaw Processes
using SMOS and ELBARA-II
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
K. Rautiainen, J. Lemmetyinen, J. Pulliainen, A. Kontu, J. Ikonen, J. Vehviläinen
SMOSSMOS
ELBARA-IIELBARA-II
ELBARA-II measurements vs frost tube observations
Inc. angle: 50
Snow Snow
Frost Frost
Two winter time-series: ELBARA-II and frost/snow
Winter 2009-10Winter
2009-10
Winter 2010-11Winter
2010-11
Snow Snow
Frost Frost
Two winter time-series: ELBARA-II and frost/snow
Snow Snow
Frost Frost
Freezing period 2009
Freezing period 2009
Freezing period 2010
Freezing period 2010
Two winter time-series: ELBARA-II and frost/snow
Snow Snow
Frost Frost
Early spring 2010
Early spring 2010
Early spring 2011
Early spring 2011
Two winter time-series: ELBARA-II and frost/snow
Snow Snow
Frost Frost
Snow melt-off 2010
Snow melt-off 2010
Snow melt-off 2011
Snow melt-off 2011
Soil freezing and ELBARA-II • Frost depth from frost tube observations (blue circles)
• Triangles: soil freezing state defined using ELBARA-II data
• L-band signal saturates as the soil frost depth reaches ~ 50 cm
Detecting frost using SMOS data• From ELBARA-II to SMOS data
• SMOS incidence angles 50-60 degrees used
• L1C data – H,V polarizations
• Test area: Finland
• Over 2000 smos grid pixels within the area
• Each pixel checked with the Frost algorithm to monitor the soil freezing state
Here used soil frost depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm and no frost
Soil frost maps over Finland
Soil Frost map vs ECMWF surface temperature• Frost information derived from SMOS data
• Surface (2m) temperature (20 day moving average) interpolated from ECMWF 2m temperature observations
Frost map Temperature map
Soil Frost map vs ECMWF surface temperature
Frost map Temperature map
Soil Frost map vs ECMWF surface temperature
Frost map Temperature map
Soil Frost map vs ECMWF surface temperature
Frost map Temperature map
Soil Frost map vs ECMWF surface temperature
Frost map Temperature map
Soil Frost map vs ECMWF surface temperature
Frost map Temperature map
Soil Frost map vs ECMWF surface temperature
Frost map Temperature map
Soil Frost map vs ECMWF surface temperature
Frost map Temperature map
Soil Frost map vs ECMWF surface temperature
Frost map Temperature map
Soil Frost map vs ECMWF surface temperature
Frost map Temperature map
Soil Frost map vs ECMWF surface temperature
Frost map Temperature map