1
Detector and Readout Micro-X TESs are Mo/Au bilayers with transi<on temperatures of 120 mK Absorbers are composed of a 0.5 µm thick layer of Au and a 3.1 µm layer of Bi The detectors have a design resolu<on of 3 eV at 1 keV and have demonstrated 4.5 eV resolu<on on a non-mul<plexing lab system at 6 keV Detector readout is achieved with a NIST designed, rocket flight qualified, varia<on on a <me division mul<plexing circuit Acknowledgements This work was supported by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship. The Micro-X project is conducted under NASA grant NNX10AE25G. Detector Calibra<on of the Micro-X Sounding Rocket X-ray Telescope 1,2 D.C. Goldfinger, 3,4 J.S. Adams, 3 R. Baker, 3 S.R. Bandler, 2 N. Bas<don, 2 M.E. Danowski, 5 W.B. Doriese, 3 M.E. Eckart, 2 E. Figueroa-Feliciano, 1 S.N.T. Heine, 5 G.C. Hilton, 2 A.J.F. Hubbard, 3 R.L. Kelley, 3 C.A. Kilbourne, 2 R. Manzagol, 6 D. McCammon, 3 T. Okajima, 3 F.S. Porter, 5 C.D. Reintsema, 3 P. Serlemitsos, 3,4 S.J. Smith, 1,7 P. Wikus 1 Massachusebs Ins<tute of Technology, 2 Northwestern University, 3 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 4 University of Maryland, 5 Na<onal Ins<tute of Standards and Technology, 6 University of Wisconsin, 7 now at Bruker BioSpin AG Micro-X Introduc<on This is a sounding rocket borne imaging spectrometer that uses an array of Transi<on Edge Sensors (TES) to perform microcalorimetry on incoming X-rays. The temperature control is achieved with an Adiaba<c Demagne<za<on Refrigerator. Its first flight is planned to target the Puppis A supernova remnant to measure elemental abundances and to compare plasma diagnos<cs from resolved emission lines. Apogee of 299 km Observa<on <me of 300 sec 128 pixel array Effec<ve area of 300 cm 2 Wolter type op<c 2.6 arcmin PSF 11.8 arcmin Field of View Base temperature of 75 mK Updates on Status Cryostat moved to new, fully opera<onal Micro-X lab at Northwestern University Passed the NASA design review; current design is approved for flight Beginning the final assembly of the cryostat with filters in launch configura<on Micro-X detector plane Detector Array MUX Chip Control Thermometers Noise spectrum without an<-alias filtering. This data is in a state more similar to the energy spectra below Energy Resolu<on Direct measurements of the energy resolu<on were made with our flight calibra<on source. The best measured resolu<on with the flight system is 9.88 eV which inferior to the NEP. Shijs in the baseline that are too sharp for our drij correc<on had contributed to this difference, but this can be made more stable with SQUID tuning. Low frequency lines that produce oscilla<ons visible in the <me domain provide the remainder of the gap. Filtering these lines in the <me domain prior to the implementa<on of the phase-insensi<ve op<mal filter may improve the energy resolu<on. Detector Noise We have modeled our TESs with the known design parameters and get a good fit to X-ray pulses. In order to fit the noise spectrum, excess noise needs to be added to the model, and the excess phonon-like noise is the dominant component of the integrated noise equivalent power (NEP). Total mul<plexed electronics noise is 40 pA/ / √Hz, which is below the level of the detector noise Radio Frequency Pickup We believe that the excess phonon noise is generated by RF pickup into the cryostat which manifests as hea<ng in the detector. The flight box that interfaces between the cryostat and room temperature electronics allows more pickup than the laboratory equivalent. We are inves<ng how to generate a <ghter electrical seal. Suscep<bility to this noise type varies from pixel to pixel. There is no pabern of which pixels are worse within the readout wiring scheme, so the noise has to enter the detectors directly. Energy spectrum of data taken on a Micro-X pixel, zoomed in on the K K-α line. Pixel YB01 Potassium K-α line FWHM = 9.88 ± 0.2 eV Χ 2 = 1.03 Timeline of remaining work un<l flight. Launch scheduled for February 2018. 6/24/17 7/24/17 8/23/17 9/22/17 10/22/17 11/21/17 12/21/17 1/20/18 GSE built Optics Clean/reassembly FEA wirebond Avionics assembly Science electronics testing Get avionics vibed Flight configuration tests PIR Travel to WFF Integration tests MRR Ship to WSMR Travel to WSMR WSMR tests Launch Pixel YB01 Noise Traces FWHM = 7.01 ± 0.067 eV Χ 2 = 0.55 Energy spectrum of data taken on a Micro-X pixel, zoomed in on noise traces. Noise spectrum for a representa<ve TES in the Micro- X array, biased 30% into the transi<on. The sudden drop in the noise at 8.4 kHz is the rolloff frequency of the digital an<-alias filter that corrects for the effects from the decima<on of data.

Detector Calibraon of the Micro-X Sounding Rocket X-ray

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Page 1: Detector Calibraon of the Micro-X Sounding Rocket X-ray

DetectorandReadout•  Micro-XTESsareMo/Aubilayerswithtransi<on

temperaturesof120mK•  Absorbersarecomposedofa0.5µmthicklayerof

Auanda3.1µmlayerofBi•  Thedetectorshaveadesignresolu<onof3eVat1

keVandhavedemonstrated4.5eVresolu<ononanon-mul<plexinglabsystemat6keV

•  DetectorreadoutisachievedwithaNISTdesigned,rocketflightqualified,varia<onona<medivisionmul<plexingcircuit

AcknowledgementsThisworkwassupportedbyaNASASpaceTechnologyResearchFellowship.TheMicro-XprojectisconductedunderNASAgrantNNX10AE25G.

DetectorCalibra<onoftheMicro-XSoundingRocketX-rayTelescope1,2D.C.Goldfinger,3,4J.S.Adams,3R.Baker,3S.R.Bandler,2N.Bas<don,2M.E.Danowski,5W.B.Doriese,3M.E.Eckart,2E.Figueroa-Feliciano,1S.N.T.Heine,5G.C.Hilton,2A.J.F.Hubbard,3R.L.Kelley,3C.A.Kilbourne,2R.Manzagol,6D.McCammon,3T.Okajima,3F.S.Porter,5C.D.Reintsema,3P.Serlemitsos,3,4S.J.Smith,1,7P.Wikus1MassachusebsIns<tuteofTechnology,2NorthwesternUniversity,3NASAGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,4UniversityofMaryland,5Na<onalIns<tuteofStandardsandTechnology,6UniversityofWisconsin,7nowatBrukerBioSpinAG

Micro-XIntroduc<onThisisasoundingrocketborneimagingspectrometerthatusesanarrayofTransi<onEdgeSensors(TES)toperformmicrocalorimetryonincomingX-rays.ThetemperaturecontrolisachievedwithanAdiaba<cDemagne<za<onRefrigerator.ItsfirstflightisplannedtotargetthePuppisAsupernovaremnanttomeasureelementalabundancesandtocompareplasmadiagnos<csfromresolvedemissionlines.

•  Apogeeof299km•  Observa<on<meof

300sec•  128pixelarray•  Effec<veareaof

300cm2•  Woltertypeop<c

•  2.6arcminPSF•  11.8arcminFieldof

View•  Basetemperatureof75

mK

UpdatesonStatus•  Cryostatmovedtonew,fullyopera<onalMicro-X

labatNorthwesternUniversity•  PassedtheNASAdesignreview;currentdesignis

approvedforflight•  Beginningthefinalassemblyofthecryostatwith

filtersinlaunchconfigura<on

Micro-Xdetectorplane

DetectorArray

MUXChipControlThermometers

Noisespectrumwithoutan<-aliasfiltering.Thisdataisinastatemoresimilartotheenergyspectrabelow

EnergyResolu<on•  Directmeasurementsoftheenergyresolu<on

weremadewithourflightcalibra<onsource.•  Thebestmeasuredresolu<onwiththeflight

systemis9.88eVwhichinferiortotheNEP.•  Shijsinthebaselinethataretoosharpforourdrij

correc<onhadcontributedtothisdifference,butthiscanbemademorestablewithSQUIDtuning.

•  Lowfrequencylinesthatproduceoscilla<onsvisibleinthe<medomainprovidetheremainderofthegap.

•  Filteringtheselinesinthe<medomainpriortotheimplementa<onofthephase-insensi<veop<malfiltermayimprovetheenergyresolu<on.

DetectorNoise•  WehavemodeledourTESswiththeknowndesign

parametersandgetagoodfittoX-raypulses.•  Inordertofitthenoisespectrum,excessnoise

needstobeaddedtothemodel,andtheexcessphonon-likenoiseisthedominantcomponentoftheintegratednoiseequivalentpower(NEP).

•  Totalmul<plexedelectronicsnoiseis40pA//√Hz,whichisbelowthelevelofthedetectornoise

RadioFrequencyPickup•  Webelievethattheexcessphononnoiseis

generatedbyRFpickupintothecryostatwhichmanifestsashea<nginthedetector.

•  Theflightboxthatinterfacesbetweenthecryostatandroomtemperatureelectronicsallowsmorepickupthanthelaboratoryequivalent.Weareinves<nghowtogeneratea<ghterelectricalseal.

•  Suscep<bilitytothisnoisetypevariesfrompixeltopixel.Thereisnopabernofwhichpixelsareworsewithinthereadoutwiringscheme,sothenoisehastoenterthedetectorsdirectly.

EnergyspectrumofdatatakenonaMicro-Xpixel,zoomedinontheKK-αline.

PixelYB01PotassiumK-αlineFWHM=9.88±0.2eVΧ2=1.03

Timelineofremainingworkun<lflight.LaunchscheduledforFebruary2018.

6/24/17 7/24/17 8/23/17 9/22/17 10/22/17 11/21/17 12/21/17 1/20/18

GSE built Optics

Clean/reassembly FEA wirebond

Avionics assembly Science electronics testing

Get avionics vibed Flight configuration tests

PIR Travel to WFF

Integration tests MRR

Ship to WSMR Travel to WSMR

WSMR tests Launch

PixelYB01NoiseTracesFWHM=7.01±0.067eVΧ2=0.55

EnergyspectrumofdatatakenonaMicro-Xpixel,zoomedinonnoisetraces.

Noisespectrumforarepresenta<veTESintheMicro-Xarray,biased30%intothetransi<on.Thesuddendropinthenoiseat8.4kHzistherollofffrequencyofthedigitalan<-aliasfilterthatcorrectsfortheeffectsfromthedecima<onofdata.