1

Determination the Effect of

Establishment of 4G Systems on

Electromagnetic Radiation Levels

in A Pilot District

Çetin KURNAZ, Doğan YILDIZ, Serap KARAGOL

Ondokuz Mayıs University,

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Samsun, Turkey

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Outline

Objective

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

Electromagnetic Pollution

International Standards and Limits

Measurement of EM Pollution

Measurement Results and Analysis

Conclusions

Objective

Technological developments, increasing demand in mobile

communications,

External EMR source and exposure levels are going up day by day,

Measuring and evaluating the exposed EMR levels have become

more substantial for human health especially places where cellular

systems used densely,

Determine the electric field strength levels (E) in Atakum district

which is one of the most crowded districts of Samsun, Turkey, 46

different locations between 2015 and 2016,

Examine and evaluate the change of RF-EMF before and after 4G

in Atakum.3

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

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Fig.1 Electromagnetic Radio Spectrum Fig. 2 Common Source of radiation

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Electromagnetic Pollution

Fig. 3 Electromagnetic Pollution examples

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Why more Base Stations? Increasing the number of users

Increased use of multimedia

Users want to stay online anywhere

The Base Station can provide services at a limited number of users and limited area.

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International Standards and Limits

41(V/m) for GSM 900 (30.9 V/m)

57 (V/m) for GSM 1800 (43.69 V/m)

61 (V/m) for UMTS (3G) (45.75 V/m)

61 (V/m) for WLAN (Wi-Fi) (45.75 V/m)

Fig. 4 The ICNIRP guideline for public exposures as a

function of carrier frequency

Frequency range (MHz)

Electric field strength (V/m)

ICNIRP ICTA

0.010 – 0.15 87 65.25

0.15 - 1 87 65.25

1 - 10 87/f 1/2 65.25/f 1/2

10 - 400 28 21

400 - 2000 1.375f 1/2 1.03f 1/2

2000 - 60000 61 45.75

f is frequency in MHz

Table I Reference levels for general public exposure to time-

varying electric fields for ICNIRP and ICTA

Frequency Spectrum and Systems

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WiFi

UMTS

GSM1800

GSM900

TVFM

Fig. 5 Detailed examination of the signal in the frequency domain between 100 kHz-3GHz

LTE800

LTE2600

EMR Measurements

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Fig. 6 PMM-8053

Emax, and Eavg

6 minutes averaging period

PMM 8053,

46 different locations

12 different measurement time

2015-2016Fig. 7 Taking measurement with PMM 8053 EMF meter

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Measurement Locations

Fig. 8 Measurement locations in Atakum district

Measurement Results (Emax , Eavg )

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Maximum Emax : 4,77 (V/m)Location: 26Measurement time:5

Maximum Eavg : 3,20 (V/m)Location: 26Measurement time:8

Fig. 9 a) Maximum (Emax) b) Average (Eavg) Es versus locations

Measurement Results (Emax , Eavg diff. times

of a day )

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The mean Emax for noon: 1,26 (V/m)

The mean Emax for morning: 0,70 (V/m)

The mean Eavg for noon: 0,54 (V/m)

The mean Eavg for morning: 0,37 (V/m)

Fig. 10 a) The Emax b) the Eavg values for morning, noon, and evening

Measurement Results (Emax , Eavg )

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The mean of Emax : 3,53 (V/m)

Location: 26

Fig. 11 The mean values of Emax and Eavg for twelve different measurement times

The mean Eavg : 2,32 (V/m)

Location: 26

Measurement Results (Emax , Eavg

before&after 4G)

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Before 4G the mean of Emax : 1,03 (V/m)

After 4G the mean of Emax : 0,92 (V/m)

Fig. 12 a) The Emax b) the Eavg values for morning, noon, and evening

Before 4G the mean of Eavg : 0,42 (V/m)

After 4G the mean of Eavg : 0,55 (V/m)

30,95% increase

Measurement Results (Emax , Eavg

before&after 4G)

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Fig. 13 MapInfo picture of a) Emax b) Eavg after 4G

Measurement Results (24 hour measurement)

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Fig. 14 E levels during a day for location 26

The highest Emax value: 17,53 (V/m)

The highest Eavg value: : 9,44 (V/m)

The standart deviation value : 2,02 (V/m)

BaseStation

Fig. 15 A picture of location 26

Conclusions

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The Short/Long term E measurements

Two of the measurements were taken before 4G and the remaining measurements were

taken after 4G.

Each measurement was taken at three different times of the day.

E levels may vary with the measurement location and time

The maximum Emax is 17,53 V/m, the maximum Eavg is 9,44 V/m

Below ICNRP and ICTA limits but it can be considered as high for the countries (e.g.

Switzerland and Italy)

A decrease of 45,95% was observed in the measurement values of the morning hours

compared to the measurement values of the evening and noon hours.

The average RF-EMF value after 4G introduced has increased by 30,95% compared to

before 4G.

24 hour measurement was taken at a location where highest value was observed and was

analyzed to observe the change of RF-EMFs during a day.

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Questions

Thank You for Your

Attendance

Assistant Prof. Dr. Çetin KURNAZ

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

e-mail: ckurnaz@omu.edu.tr