Determine Facility Ratings, SOLs and Transfer Capabilities

Paul JohnsonChair of the Determine Facility Ratings

Standard Drafting Team

An Overview of the Set of Proposed Standards

Presentation Overview

Proposed Standards Highlights of Standards Key Requirements & Functions Responsible Challenging Definitions Controversial Issues V0 Retirements Effective Dates Questions

6 Standards

1. Document Facility Rating Methodology

2. Develop and Communicate Facility Ratings

3. Document SOL Methodology

4. Develop and Communicate SOLs

5. Document Transfer Capability Methodology

6. Document and Communicate Transfer Capabilities

Facility Ratings Methodology

Respects most limiting equipment rating Identify method of determining rating Consideration of:

• Manufacturer’s ratings

• Design criteria

• Ambient conditions

• Operating limitations

• Other assumptions

V0 only requires normal & emergency ratings &

doesn’t identify generators

End users need a ‘range’ of limits, only some of which

are ‘normal’ and ‘emergency’

V0 only requires normal & emergency ratings &

doesn’t identify generators

End users need a ‘range’ of limits, only some of which

are ‘normal’ and ‘emergency’

System Operating Limits Methodology

Cannot exceed Facility Rating How to identify IROLs In pre and post contingency state SOLs

provide:

• BES system stable (transient, dynamic, voltage)

• Facilities within Facility Ratings

• Facilities within thermal, voltage & stability limits

• Cascading outages & uncontrolled separation shall not occur V0 has no criteria for

developing SOLs used in operations horizon

V0 has no criteria for developing SOLs used in

operations horizon

Which SOLs are Also IROLs?

Some IROLs can be identified in advance – some can only be identified in real-time

An IROL is an SOL that, if violated under certain conditions, could lead to one or more of the following:

• Cascading outages

• Uncontrolled separation

• Instability

V0 doesn’t require documenting

methodology for determining IROLs

V0 doesn’t require documenting

methodology for determining IROLs

Transfer Capabilities Methodology

Respect all SOLs Consideration of:

• Transmission system topology

• System demand

• Generation dispatch

• Current and projected transmission uses

V0 has no criteria for developing Transfer

Capabilities

V0 has no criteria for developing Transfer

Capabilities

Methodology Who Has or Develops?

Who Sees or Receives?

Facility Ratings Gen OwnersTrans Owners

PAs TPs

RCs TOPs

System Operating Limits

PAsRCs

PAs TPs

RCsTOPsTSPs

Transfer Capabilities

PAsRCs

RROsPAs TPs

RCsTOPsTSPs

Key Requirements & Responsible Functions

Product Who Develops?

Who Receives?

Facility Ratings Gen OwnersTrans Owners

PAs TPs

RCs TOPs

System Operating Limits

PAs, TPsRCs, TOPs

PAs TPs

RCsTOPsTSPs

Transfer Capabilities

PAsRCs

RROsPAs TPs

RCsTOPsTSPs

Key Requirements & Responsible Functions

Proposed Changes to V0 Definitions

Cascading Outages

Contingency

Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (IROL)

Cascading Outages

V0: The uncontrolled successive failure of system elements triggered by an incident at any location within the Interconnection. Cascading results in widespread electric service interruption that cannot be restrained from sequentially spreading beyond an area predetermined by studies.

New: The uncontrolled successive loss of BES Facilities triggered by an incident (or condition) at any location resulting in the interruption of electric service that cannot be restrained from spreading beyond a pre-determined area.

Contingency

V0: The failure, with little or no warning, of one or more elements of the transmission system. This includes, but is not limited to, generator, transmission line, transformer, and circuit breaker failures or misoperations.

New: The unexpected loss of one or more BES Facilities caused by a single initiating event.

Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (IROL)

V0: The value (such as MW, MVar, Amperes, Frequency or Volts) derived from, or a subset of the System Operating Limits, which if exceeded, could expose a widespread area of the Bulk Electric System to instability, uncontrolled separation(s) or cascading outages.

New: A System Operating Limit that, if violated, could lead to instability, uncontrolled separation, or Cascading Outages that adversely impact the reliability of the Bulk Electric System.

Controversial Issues

Flexible planning & operating horizons Peer review Schedules for delivery set by recipients Table 1 Category C Events and SOLs Partial retirement of V0 Standards

Planning & Operating Horizons

PlanningHorizon

Real Time

1 Year

Ahead

4 Years

Ahead

3 Years

Ahead

2 Years

Ahead

OperatingHorizon

Standard requires no gaps in times covered

Planning & Operating Horizons

Defaults:

• Operating Horizon = real-time up to 1 yr

• Planning Horizon = 1 yr and beyond

OperatingHorizon

PlanningHorizon

Real Time

1 Year

Ahead

4 Years

Ahead

3 Years

Ahead

2 Years

Ahead

Peer Review

Goal is to find a fair balance

• Owners rights versus impact on others

‘Allow’ but don’t ‘require’ peer review

Challenges must be documented & acknowledged

Threat of liability is motivator

Idea from Blackout Recommendations

Schedules for Delivery . . .

. . . to those entities that have a reliability-related need for such … and make a written request that includes a schedule for delivery of such …

. . . to those entities that have a reliability-related need for such … and make a written request that includes a schedule for delivery of such …

If you need to send limits to several different entities - deliver to all entities according to the most limiting schedule

Table 1 - Category C Events

Category C – (Loss of 2 or more Elements) applicable to planning studies with all facilities in service

In most real-time operations, one or more facilities already out of service - operate to protect the system from a 2nd (or 3rd or 4th…) contingency

SOLs established considering ‘Category C’ events would probably result in overly restrictive SOLs

Partial Retirement of V0 Standards

V1 Standards started before V0 Standards

No 1-to-1 relationship between V0 and V1

Does partial retirement lead to confusion?

Retirement of V0 Requirements

TOP-004 – Transmission Security

• Retire two requirements

FAC-004 – Methodologies for Determining Electrical Facility Ratings

• Retire entire standard

FAC-005 – Electrical Facility Ratings for System Modeling

• Retire entire standard

R6. TOPs, individually and jointly with other TOPs, shall develop, maintain, and implement formal policies and procedures to provide for transmission reliability. These policies and procedures shall address the execution and coordination of activities that impact inter- and intra-Regional reliability, including:

• R 6.1. Equipment ratings.

• R 6.2. Monitoring and controlling voltage levels and real and reactive power flows.

• R 6.3. Switching transmission elements.

• R 6.4. Planned outages of transmission elements.

• R 6.5. Development of IROLs and SOLs.

• R.6.6. Responding to IROL and SOL violations.

Effective Dates – (Compliance)

Assumes BOT Adopts November 1, 2005 Methodologies

• 6 months after BOT adoption - May 1, 2006

Ratings, Limits and Transfer Capabilities

• 2 months after methodologies – July 1, 2006

Questions