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Eleventh Edition

1

Introduction to Information SystemsEssentials for the Internetworked E-Business Enterprise

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

C h a p t e r

James A. OBrien

10 Developinge-BusinessSolutions

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 2Introduction to Information Systems

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Chapter Objectives

Use the systems development processoutlined in this chapter, and the model ofIS components from Chapter 1 asproblem-solving frameworks to help you

propose information systems solutionsto simple business problems.

Describe and give examples to illustratehow you might use each of the steps ofthe information system developmentcycle to develop and implement an e-business system.

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 3Introduction to Information Systems

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Chapter Objectives

Explain how prototyping improves the processof systems development for end users and IS

specialists.

Identify the activities involved in the

implementation of new information systems. Describe several evaluation factors that should

be considered in evaluating the acquisition ofhardware, software, and IS services.

Identify several change management solutionsfor end user resistance to the implementationof new e-business applications.

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 4Introduction to Information Systems

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Systems Approach to Problem Solving

Designthe

Solution

Define

theProblem

DevelopAlternativeSolutions

Selectthe

Solution

Implementthe

Solution

M

onitorandEvaluate

Results

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 5Introduction to Information Systems

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Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle

Systems ImplementationProduct :

Operat ional System

Systems InvestigationProduct :

Feasibi l i ty Stud y

Systems AnalysisProduct :

Funct ional Requirements

Systems DesignProduct :

System Speci f icat ions

Systems MaintenanceProduct :

Imp roved System

Understand the

BusinessProblem orOpportunity

Develop anInformationSystem

Solution

Implementthe InformationSystemSolution

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 6Introduction to Information Systems

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Prototyping Process

Use and Maintainthe Accepted

System

Identify an End

User's InformationRequirements

DevelopInformation System

Prototypes

Revise the Prototypesto Better Meet EndUser Requirements

PrototypingCycle

MaintenanceCycle

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 7Introduction to Information Systems

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Systems Investigation

Organizational

Feasibility

Is i t a good fi t?

OperationalFeasibility

Will it be accepted?

Economic

Feasibility

Can w e afford i t?

TechnicalFeasibility

Does th e

capabi l i ty exist?

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 8Introduction to Information Systems

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Systems Analysis

KeyAreas ofSystemsAnalysis

Organizational

FunctionalRequirements

PresentSystem

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 9Introduction to Information Systems

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Systems Design

DataDesign

UserInterfaceDesign

ProcessDesign

Screen, Form, Report

and Dialog Design

Data Element

Structure Design

Program and

Procedure Design

El h Edi iJ A OB i

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 10Introduction to Information Systems

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End User Development

Controls

What controls

are needed?

InputWhat data

is required?

ProcessingWhat operations

on the input

is required?

OutputWhat information

is needed?

Storage

Will the

application need

to store data?

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 11Introduction to Information Systems

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Implementation Process

ConversionSystemDocu-

mentation

End UserTraining

Developmentand

ModificationAcquisition

ImplementationActivities

SystemTesting

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 12Introduction to Information Systems

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Evaluating Hardware and Software

Hardware Evaluation

Factors

Performance

Cost

Reliability Compatibility

Technology

Ergonomics

Connectivity Scalability

Software

Support

Software Evaluation

Factors

Quality

Efficiency

Flexibility Security

Connectivity

Language

Documentation Hardware

Efficiency

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 13Introduction to Information Systems

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Evaluating IS Services

IS Evaluation Factors

Performance

Systems Development

Maintenance

Conversion Training

Backup

Accessibility

Business Position Hardware

Software

Eleventh EditionJames A OBrien 14I t d ti t I f ti S t

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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 14Introduction to Information Systems

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Implementing New Systems

Implementation Activities

Acquisition

Software Development

Training Testing

Documentation

Conversion

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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 15Introduction to Information Systems

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Installation Conversion Methods

Old System New System

Old System

New System

Old System

Old System New System

New System

Parallel

Pilot

Phased

Plunge

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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 16Introduction to Information Systems

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

ChangeManagement

MeasurementandRewards

OrganizationalDesign

CoreCompetenciesDevelopment

Executive

Vision

WorkRedesign

OrganizationMissionand Role

Managing Organizational Change

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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 17Introduction to Information Systems

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter Summary

Business professionals and IS specialistsuse a systems approach to help them

develop information system solutions to

meet e-business needs.

Prototyping is a major alternative

methodology to the traditional

information system development cycle. It

includes the use of prototyping tools andmethodologies, which promote an

iterative, interactive process.

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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 18Introduction to Information Systems

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter Summary (cont)

The application development capabilities built

into many end user software packages havemade it easier for end users to develop their

own e-business applications.

The implementation process for IS projectsinvolves acquisition, testing, documentation,

training, installation, and conversion.

Business professionals should know how to

evaluate IT products for acquisition. IT vendorproposals should be based on specifications

developed during the design phase.

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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 19Introduction to Information Systems

I i /M G Hill C i ht 2002 Th M G Hill C i I All i ht d

Chapter Summary (cont)

Implementation activities include

managing the introduction andimplementation of changes in the

business processes, organizational

structures, job assignments, and workrelationships resulting from e-business

initiatives.