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Development & Accountability
New opportunities for Civil Society
Overview
Taking stock: Where are we in promoting development accountability
Old & new strategies for advancing citizen participation in decision-making & the prevention of corruption
Outlook: What can we build on – what needs to be done differently
Achievements for CSO Participation
Agreement on central concerns: human rights, transparency and accountability
Stronger recognition of civil society role (AAA)
Openings for civil society participation in policy and implementation
Central role of citizens and legislatures
Challenges
Legitimacy and accountability in question Shrinking space (Civicus, Budget Aid) Capacity Competition Limited impact on mainstream
Approaches to citizen participation
Different engagement strategies: timing, style, focus – upstream/downstream, partners
Demanding rights and accountability Negotiating inclusion in planning / monitoring Focusing on legal frameworks, horizontal
accountability mechanisms Giving a voice: Speaking for or with citizens
Challenges
Exclusion of political and social movements
Pro-forma inclusion in decision-making Social accountability vs . political
accountability Power structures and backlash Domestic solidarity ?
The Corruption-Democracy-Poverty link
The corruption of democratic processes results in unequal development
The empowered democratic participation of the poor prevents the dominance of the interests of a few over the many
Strengthening links
Strengthening the democratic dialogue within societies
Embedding strategies in the operational mainstream of decision-making
Addressing jointly the separate debates on political rights, social and economic empowerment and human rights
Political Representation today
TI‘s approach to corruption in development
Addresses: the accountability of political and administrative representatives to citizens
Uses: a rights based approach
Negotiates: participation in decision-making that converts election promises to development deliverables
Instruments: MoUs, Pledges, DIPs
TI‘s work and the accountability cycle
Citizens Vote & paytax based on promises & performance
Government fulfillspublic or private & national & int. promises
Policies(regulations)
reflectpromises
Budgets (Exp. & Rev.) reflect policy (PETs, RW)
Integrity inconferring of
power
Political Finance -CRINIS
Public Goods& Services
match or failto matchpromises, CRC, PETs, ALACs etc.
Integrity and equityin the execution of
Power
DIPs & Partnerships for
Change
Implementation reflectsbudget allocations and
rules (IP‘s, Impl. Watch)
Information shaped by
private sector and political
interests
Independent information on
promises (e.g. TI‘s CPI, NIS) &
assessment of previous delivery
Conferring of Power
Execution of Power
LegislativeLegislative
EExxecutiveecutive
LocalLocal GovtGovt..
MediaMediaPartiesParties
CSOsCSOs
CSOs
PrivSectPrivSect
Example of 2 tools
Development Integrity Pacts
Citizen participation in political processes
Bargaining power based on basic political rights
Partnerships for Change
Citizen participation in administrative processes
Bargaining power depends on laws or
administrative provisions, aid modalities etc.
Development Integrity Pacts
Pacts between citizens and political representatives on development promises
Shaping and covering all links of the decision-making chain
Containing concrete time-bound commitments on: institutionalised, informed & inclusive participation institutional reforms to mainstream incentives for
accountability (decentr., SEZ, MCA, MoU)
Determining the ProcessDialogues and negotiations between citizens and administrative or political representatives
Build Citizen CapacityTo exercise rights and negotiate development commitments
LEAP Content:
Procedural: Agreement on integrity in decision -making
Substantive: Development priorities of the poor
Facilitation, Neutrality
& Monitoring
Negotiate as part of the DIP a self-monitoring mechanism along with an arbitration procedure between community and representatives to ensure DIP commitments are delivered
Advocacy for
Replication
Maintain high public scrutiny and create demand for more DIPs by citizens and administrative or political representatives
Screen & identify partners
Identify NGOs to partner with
Identify organized CBOs, federations, etc.
Possible fields:Rights to land, water, forest, access to clean water, health, education, credit, markets…
Steps in the creation of a DIP
TI involvement as Facilitator
Partnerships for Change
Pacts based on legal/adm. frameworks between
citizens and administrations
Covering decision-making from policy to
implementation and monitoring
Examples of commitments:
Citizen, community, CSO participation (Round
tables, SPSP, Pov.Obs., PRSPs)
Outlook
Working more effectively with others Complementarities (politial access & constitutencies)
Examples of ongoing dialogues (Kenya, India)
Learning from your experiences – networks, strategies, tactics
Arriving at ideas to strengthen impact – using DIPs as the envelope to scale up existing pilots?
Group Work
Sharing how impact could be achieved What role networks played What accountability relations were
addressed What made the difference