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Development and Care of Infants. Birth-12 Months. Physical Development. Growth in size and weight Increased ability to control & coordinate body movements Never in a lifetime will anyone grow as fast as they do during infancy. Patterns of Physical Development. Head to Foot - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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DEVELOPMENT AND CARE OF INFANTSBirth-12 Months
Physical Development Growth in size and weight Increased ability to control & coordinate
body movements Never in a lifetime will anyone grow as
fast as they do during infancy
Patterns of Physical Development Head to Foot Develop control of head and neck muscles
first, then control of muscles move down baby and end with control of legs and feet
Near to Far Development begins at trunk and moves
outward to hands and feet Simple to Complex Large muscles develop first, then more fine
muscles and complex abilities later
Categories of Growth & Development First Year
Weight Gain is one of the best signs of good health Most babies lose 10% of birth weight in the
first five days of life Afterward, they gain weight rapidly Gain 1-2 pounds per month in the first 6
months Gain about 1 pound a month in the next 6
months Average weight of one year old is 20-22 lbs
Growth Chart C:\Users\Jenifer\Desktop\Growth Chart.p
df
Categories, cont’d Length instead of height because babies
are measured while lying down Average baby is 20 inches at birth Boys are slightly longer than girls Average baby at one year is 30 inches
long
Body Shape Hold themselves in a tightly secured
position with fists clenched Skinny arms and legs, large abdomen Navel cord usually falls off in three
weeks Body straightens out during the first six
months
Proportion Proportion relates to size relationship
between different parts of the body Baby’s head and abdomen are large, and
the legs and arms are short and small Skull has fontanels
Categories, cont’d.
Vision Improves rapidly during the first year Is blurry at birth, but within a week or so,
infant is aware of surroundings By one month, infant can focus on
objects as far away as 3 feet By six months, eyesight reaches the
sharpness of adult vision
Hearing Develops before birth Can tell the direction of sound Language develops with hearing spoken
words
Touch Baby relies on touch of others to teach
them about the environment Relies on touch for exploration Touch becomes a more important sense
for learning as his/her first year progresses
Smell and Taste Develop after birth Within 10 days they can distinguish
mother from any other person by smell Two week old babies can tell the
difference between water, sour, sugar, salt, and milk
Voice Shrill but softens as lungs mature Change in voice results from physical
growth of throat muscles, tongue, lips, teeth, and vocal cords
Change in tongue and in the shape and proportion of the inside of the mouth during first months lead to speech development
Motor Skills* At birth babies have little control over
their muscles Gross motor skills involve using large
muscles (arms and legs) Fine motor skills involve using small
muscles (hands and fingers) Milestones of gross and fine motor skills
occur
Reflexes At birth, babies have an automatic set of
reflexes to help them survive GRASP: Makes a fist over object placed in
hand ROOTING: When cheek is stroked, baby
turns toward the side stroked with open mouth
STARTLE: When baby’s position changes quickly or a loud noise occurs baby throws head back, arms out, and arches back
Reflexes (cont’d) BABINSKI: Baby’s foot is stroked and toes
fan out, foot twists inward
SUCKING: when something put in baby’s mouth
Influences on Physical Development Heredity-provides a unique combination
of genes from parents Good nutrition, essential nutrients, key
to lifelong health Staying healthy closely related to eating
well and having energy to be active Experience is important key to
development A stimulating environment (variety of
things to see, smell, hear, taste, and touch) enhance development
Infant Physical Care Handling-head and neck support Feeding-
Breast vs bottle Burping (every 2-3 ounces, or when switch sides) Introducing solid foods (4-6 months)
http://www.webmd.com/favicon.ico Food
Teeth-teething and care Bathing-sponge bath and tub bath Dressing-comfort, climate appropriate
Infant Physical Care (cont’d) Diapering-disposable and cloth diapers,
changing steps
Sleeping-routines and proper position (back)
Medical care-wellness checkups 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 months