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PPrreeppaarreedd bbyy::
DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff TToowwnn aanndd CCoouunnttrryy PPllaannnniinngg
GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt ooff KKeerraallaa
DDEEVVEELLOOPPMMEENNTT PPLLAANN FFOORR
KKOOCCHHII CCIITTYY RREEGGIIOONN 22003311
((DDrraafftt))
VVOOLLUUMMEE IIII
DDEEVVEELLOOPPMMEENNTT CCOONNCCEEPPTTSS AANNDD DDEEVVEELLOOPPMMEENNTT SSTTRRAATTEEGGIIEESS
2
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�Chapter 1 Major development issues of Kochi City Region 3
Chapter 2 SWOT Analysis of Kochi City Region 7
Chapter 3 Development Concepts and Development Strategies 18
3.1 Development Concepts 18
3.1.1 Concept of development of the Region 18
3.1.2 Concept of development of the Planning Area 21
3.2 Development Strategies 22
3.2.1 Development Strategy for the region 22
3.2.2 Development Strategies for the Planning Area 27
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3
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��
The various Studies and Analysis carried out (partly primary surveys carried out by the
Department of Town and Country Planning, Kerala as part of the Master Planning exercise
and partly collected from secondary sources based on earlier studies carried out by various
agencies) bring out the fact that in spite of the earlier development actions having been
guided and regulated through many successive Urban Development Plans for part of the city
region, the present development activities lack a comprehensive perspective and that the
city region suffers from many deficiencies. Such a development trend may lead to haphazard
and chaotic urban situation, ultimately collapsing to the point that Kochi no longer may be an
investment destination, as it is today.
The immediate region around the city has witnessed unprecedented growth during the
past two decades especially at locations adjacent to major transport corridors. New major
investment proposals at certain locations triggered off developments in those locations
attracting huge private investments. Major public investments during the last two decades
which had a telling effect on such private sector investments had been I.T. Sector
development at Kakkanad, in Thrikkakara Panchayat, construction/improvement of a few
major road corridors like Airport – Sea port Road, S.A. Road, Kaloor- Kadavanthara road
and the road connectivity to Vypeen Islands, Export Processing Zone, Special Economic
Zones, Port related developments etc. The highest private sector investment in residential
estates in the State was seen in Kochi city region. The first private sector international airport
in India was developed in Kochi region. However with all such development trends which
catapulted Kochi as the most attractive investment location and economic activity centre, the
infrastructure developments based on a Master Plan did not take place in tune with the
development aspirations of Kochi. When every project activity remains an ad-hoc project
based plan lacking a comprehensive approach, the related sectors fail to cope with the
demands generated by that specific single activity. The result is that instead of infrastructure
development preceding establishment of any major economic activity, the infrastructure
improvements are attended to after the demand is generated and when the existing systems
fail. This kind of urban development trend may break down when demands increase and
when there is no planned approach to promote infrastructure development.
4
Urban land use continually undergoes transformations in proportion to development
pressure and varying requirements for built spaces. Higher order uses invade into the lower
order uses, which are pushed outside of the central areas. Since land value also is a product
of land use, with the invasion of higher order uses land values also increase. Such a process
shall not result in pushing out the people who cannot compete in the private land market out
of the city area. Planning shall be for inclusive development. Such a planning process need
to be in place for a city region which experiences a fast rate of change.
Development Plan for Kochi City Region need to be based on broad development
concepts and specific area wise and sector wise development strategies. These shall form
the basis for the Development Proposals to be made part of the Development Plan.
Considering the importance of this, the Development Concepts and Development Strategies
are organized into a separate Volume of the Development Plan. Even when the
Development Plan proposals are reviewed periodically and revised, whenever necessary,
such a process shall be undertaken within the framework of this Volume of the Development
Plan.
In order to evolve Development Concepts and Development Strategies, it is necessary
to reiterate here the major development issues which necessarily shall be reflected in
Development Strategies. Perhaps these issues may also be the first impressions that an
outline study of Kochi Region gives to a Planner or Urban Administrator.
A few of the Specific Issues which need to be considered in evolving future
Development Strategies for Kochi City Region (KCR) are noted below:
• Urban Sprawl: Kochi is facing an unprecedented urban sprawl, mostly unplanned. The
surrounding panchayats and towns face spurt in building activities and the local
governments find it difficult to cope with infrastructure problems. These development
activities do not have adequate support services in the vicinity and therefore dependence
on the city increases. These developments are not adequately integrated with city level
activities rather. More than 40 percent of the city jobs are availed by commuters from
outside and therefore traffic converging to the city from the region around has
considerably increased recently. Symbiotic relationships between the city and the region
around need to be developed.
• Traffic: The city roads and the regional road corridors are overstressed due to increasing
traffic volume. Roads are not developed network based, every road carries all sorts of
modes; mixed traffic meanders through the roads especially during peak hours causing
time delays, vehicle pollution, increasing traffic accidents etc. Only about 40% of all
travels are shared by public mass transport facilities. Public Mass Transport facility is not
well organized. Level of service of road infrastructure is low. Roads rarely have side
drains and footpaths. Pedestrian facilities are rather poor. With dominance of vehicles on
the roads, pedestrians receive low priority.
5
• Infrastructure: Water supply, sewerage, surface water drainage and solid waste
management are services which are noted as highly deficient. WS improvement plan is
under implementation at a cost of Rs. 250 Crores; however, this is inadequate
considering the service levels expected for the whole city region (the CDP has estimated
an investment of Rs. 1200 cr, for improvements in WS). In spite of the present investment
of Rs. 180 Cr. for sewerage the coverage may be only 15% of the city area- whereas the
CDP has anticipated an investment of Rs.2600 cr. for city level coverage). Sewage
disposal remains a major issue since the present arrangements pollute the water bodies
and the soil leading to vector borne diseases. Because of the flat terrain and high water
table in most parts of the city area, surface water drainage is a problem contributing to
stagnation of water pools, bad quality of roads, polluting etc. Inefficient SW collection and
disposal arrangements cause pollution and degradation of environment.
• Water bodies: Nearly one fourth of the city area is covered with water bodies. These
have not been subjected to planning and development and perhaps not utilized
adequately for the benefit of the city, as navigable waterways, as recreational areas
and/or as waterfronts to enhance the quality of urban life. Studies have shown that
development of water transport in Kochi can have a telling effect on reduction of
congestion on roads.
• Economic potential: The potential of the city and the surrounding areas to attract large
scale investments in production sector has to be planned and explored. Every major
investment decision is taken in isolation without much regard to the development
activities related to that. Therefore the multiplier effects expected of those investments
are constrained.
• Supplies: The city consumes substantial quantity of agricultural produces every day, for
which the city and environs depend on import from the other states. The hinterland
regional development has not been oriented to avail of this opportunity for economic
gains. The symbiotic relationships noted above are relevant in this context also
• Construction Activities: Kochi city region is attracting large scale construction activities.
Substantial labour force (skilled/semi-skilled and unskilled) is required which largely
come from outside the region/state. Same is the case with supply market for materials.
Large scale wholesale depots/yards for construction materials have not been established
to meet the demand.
• Escalating Land Value With minimal level of Government interventions in land market,
the private land market causes escalation of land prices within the city. About 50 percent
of the people who cannot compete in this land market and afford to own land within the
city are forced to leave the city to reside far away from the city. This not only compounds
the transportation problems but also affects the tenets of equity.
6
• Informal Sectors: The booming economic opportunities in Kochi and the region around
attract quite substantial informal sector activities. Most of these activities happen in
public land leading to unplanned insanitary conditions and sufferings for both those
engaged in these sectors and for the people at large. The last decade has seen a steady
increase in the number of immigrant labour force. These workers do not have adequate
housing, sanitation facilities or working conditions.
• Environment: The urban environment in Kochi is deteriorating at a fast rate. A few
issues like solid waste collection and disposal, sewage disposal, storm/surface water
drainage, lack of public toilets etc. are identified and actions are being initiated to mitigate
these problems. However, there are many other issues which contribute to environmental
degradation. Urban environmental quality needs to be improved considerably to retain the
city and area around as good habitable areas.
These and a few other obvious pronounced characteristics of Kochi city and environs
need to be considered and borne in mind when evolving Development Concepts which
guide the formulation of Development Plan for the area.
7
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em
S
TR
EN
GT
H
WE
AK
NE
SS
O
PP
OR
TU
NIT
Y
TH
RE
AT
Loca
tion
Str
ateg
ical
ly lo
cate
d by
the
Ara
bian
sea
in c
entr
al K
eral
a
Hig
hway
s K
ochi
is
wel
l co
nnec
ted
to o
ther
part
s of
th
e C
ount
ry
thro
ugh
thre
e m
ajor
N
atio
nal
Hig
hway
s
(NH
47,
NH
17
and
NH
49)
an
d
to
othe
r pa
rts
of
the
stat
e
thro
ugh
vario
us s
tate
hig
hway
s
NH
47
and
NH
17
are
over
stre
ssed
with
hea
vy tr
affic
.
NH
49
requ
ires
cons
ider
able
impr
ovem
ent i
n al
ignm
ent
and
wid
th w
ithin
the
city
regi
on. N
H47
by-
pass
has
beco
me
a ci
ty r
oad
now
.
The
re is
sco
pe fo
r th
e
deve
lopm
ent o
f a n
ew b
y-
pass
to th
e U
rban
Agg
lom
erat
ion
for
the
NH
47. N
H 4
9 w
ithin
the
city
regi
on c
an b
e im
prov
ed.
Impr
ovem
ent o
f reg
iona
l
road
s co
uld
enco
urag
e
furt
her
city
spr
awl i
f
deve
lopm
ents
in th
e
regi
on a
re n
ot e
ffect
ivel
y
guid
ed. I
t cou
ld a
lso
attr
act m
ore
traf
fic to
the
city
.
Lo
cati
on
an
d
Reg
ion
al
linka
ges
Rai
lway
s T
wo
maj
or
railw
ay
lines
(Thi
ruva
nant
hapu
ram
– T
hris
sur
railw
ay
line
via
Kot
taya
m
and
Kay
amku
lam
-Thr
issu
r vi
a
Ala
ppuz
ha)
conn
ects
K
ochi
to
othe
r m
ajor
urb
an c
entr
es o
f th
e
Sta
te
The
rai
lway
line
s pa
ss
thro
ugh
the
mid
dle
of th
e ci
ty
and
toge
ther
with
the
wat
erbo
deis
div
ide
the
city
into
man
y pa
rts.
The
re is
sco
pe fo
r
upgr
adat
ion
and
inte
gart
ion
of n
atio
nal
leve
l tra
nsit
syst
ems
with
the
city
reg
ion.
Pol
icy
deci
sion
s re
latin
g
to r
ailw
ays
are
usua
lly
take
n at
the
Nat
iona
l
leve
l and
con
sulta
tion
with
loca
l pla
nnin
g
auth
oriti
es a
re r
are.
8
S
hipp
ing
Koc
hi is
in s
trat
egic
loca
tion
alon
g sh
ippi
ng r
oute
s be
twee
n
Eur
ope,
Asi
a an
d th
e M
iddl
e
Eas
t. T
he lo
catio
n, a
ll w
eath
er
port
, rel
ated
faci
litie
s an
d th
e
upco
min
g IC
TT
mak
e K
ochi
one
of th
e m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t Por
t
faci
litie
s in
Indi
a. C
ochi
n P
ort i
s
the
only
maj
or p
ort i
n K
eral
a
stat
e w
ith a
n IS
O 9
001-
2000
cert
ifica
tion.
Insu
ffici
ent d
edic
ated
faci
litie
s fo
r C
argo
mov
emen
ts in
land
espe
cial
ly th
roug
h ro
ads.
Dev
elop
men
t of I
CT
T a
nd
othe
r po
rt fa
cilit
ies
wou
ld
boos
t up
the
econ
omic
activ
ities
and
the
deve
lopm
ents
in th
e
regi
on.
If ex
clus
ive
faci
litie
s fo
r
carg
o m
ovem
ents
ar
e
not
deve
lope
d,
it co
uld
affe
ct
the
entir
e tr
affic
patte
rn in
the
city
reg
ion.
In
land
wat
er
way
s
Nat
iona
l wat
erw
ay N
o. 3
conn
ectin
g K
olla
m a
nd
Kot
tapp
uram
pas
s th
roug
h th
e
regi
on
Wat
er tr
ansp
ort f
acili
ties
are
not f
ully
dev
elop
ed.
If pr
oper
ly d
evel
oped
, the
IWT
wou
ld p
rovi
de a
n
envi
ronm
ent f
riend
ly, c
ost
effe
ctiv
e an
d ef
ficie
nt
tran
spor
t opt
ion
for
the
regi
on.
Man
y ag
enci
es
are
invo
lved
in
th
e
deve
lopm
ent
of I
WT
and
if no
t pr
oper
ly
coor
dina
ted
can
not
deliv
er d
esire
d re
sults
.
A
irpor
t C
ochi
n In
tern
atio
nal A
irpor
t at
Ned
umba
sser
y, 2
8 km
from
the
city
, is
wel
l con
nect
ed b
y m
any
inte
rnat
iona
l & n
atio
nal c
arrie
rs
Exi
stin
g co
nnec
tivity
to
th
e
airp
ort
from
th
e ci
ty
is
thro
ugh
cong
este
d hi
ghw
ays
and
road
s.
Airp
ort
faci
litie
s
are
not f
ully
dev
elop
ed.
Rai
l and
IWT
cou
ld b
e
inte
grat
ed w
ith r
oads
to
prov
ide
bette
r ac
cess
to
the
airp
ort.
The
loca
tion
offe
rs s
cope
for
furt
her
expa
nsio
n of
the
faci
litie
s
in th
e ai
rpor
t. T
he a
irpor
t
wou
ld b
e an
impo
rtan
t
elem
ent i
n th
e ro
le r
ecas
t
of th
e ci
ty to
a G
loba
l city
.
9
Pop
ulat
ion
Larg
est U
rban
Agg
lom
erat
ion
in
Ker
ala
with
pop
ulat
ion
over
I
Mill
ion,
as
per
2001
Cen
sus.
Pop
ulat
ion
size
to s
usta
in a
Glo
bal c
ity.
The
floa
ting
popu
latio
n to
the
city
is e
xpon
entia
lly
incr
easi
ng th
ere
by p
uttin
g
pres
sure
on
infr
astr
uctu
re.
Oth
er u
rban
cen
tres
in th
e
regi
on c
ould
be
deve
lope
d
and
new
dev
elop
men
t
corr
idor
s ca
n be
ope
ned
up.
Pla
nned
po
pula
tion
dist
ribut
ion
in t
he r
egio
n
requ
ire
grea
t
com
mitm
ent
from
th
e
part
of
ad
min
istr
ator
s
and
the
deci
sion
mak
ers.
Hum
an
reso
urce
s
Koc
hi p
osse
ss a
n ab
unda
nt
rese
rve
of p
rofe
ssio
nals
and
sem
i ski
lled
/ un
skill
ed m
an
pow
er .
Hig
h lit
erac
y ra
te.
P
oten
tial t
o a
ttrac
t
inve
stm
ents
whi
ch r
equi
re
skill
ed m
an p
ower
.
If th
e po
tent
ial i
s no
t
tapp
ed lo
cally
, inv
alua
ble
man
pow
er w
ould
mig
rate
to o
ther
pla
ces
or m
ay
trig
ger
off s
ocia
l unr
est.
Low
gro
wth
rat
e of
pop
ulat
ion
in
the
city
are
a
Hig
her
grow
th in
the
perip
hera
l are
as a
nd th
e
resu
lting
city
spr
awl.
New
sub
cent
res
with
in th
e
city
reg
ion
can
be
deve
lope
d.
Com
mun
icat
ion
stra
tegy
is c
ritic
al.
Dem
og
rap
hy
Pop
ulat
ion
grow
th
You
th a
nd m
iddl
e ag
ed
popu
latio
n co
nstit
ute
a m
ajor
port
ion
of to
tal p
opul
atio
n w
hich
refle
cts
a he
alth
y so
cial
cond
ition
due
to th
e po
ssib
ility
of
grea
ter
man
pow
er u
tiliz
atio
n
Eco
no
mic
b
ase
The
com
mer
ci
al c
apita
l
Koc
hi is
the
‘Com
mer
cial
,
Eco
nom
ic a
nd In
dust
rial C
apita
l
of K
eral
a’. M
ore
than
60
perc
ent
of th
e ta
x re
venu
e of
the
Sta
te
com
es fr
om K
ochi
.
Maj
or e
cono
mic
act
iviti
es a
re
larg
ely
conc
entr
taed
in th
e
corp
orat
ion
area
ther
e by
putti
ng p
ress
ure
on th
e
avai
labl
e in
fras
truc
ture
.
Pro
ject
s be
ing
unde
rtak
en
at th
e K
ochi
Por
t wou
ld
furt
her
bols
ter
econ
omic
deve
lopm
ent p
oten
tial o
f
Koc
hi.
Bal
ance
d de
velo
pmen
t of
Koc
hi a
s a
Reg
ion
is
esse
ntia
l and
this
requ
ires
polic
y an
d
inve
stm
ent d
ecis
ions
in
line
with
the
spat
ial p
lan.
10
D
iver
sifie
d
econ
omic
base
A n
umbe
r of
sm
all,
med
ium
and
larg
e sc
ale
indu
strie
s ar
e
loca
ted
in th
e re
gion
.Koc
hi is
the
gate
way
thro
ugh
whi
ch m
ore
than
80%
of t
he h
ill p
rodu
ces
of
Ker
ala
get e
xpor
ted
to o
ther
natio
ns.N
atio
nal a
s w
ell a
s
inte
rnat
iona
l ban
king
, fin
anci
al
serv
ices
and
insu
ranc
e (B
FS
I)
sect
or a
re e
stab
lishe
d w
ithin
the
city
. Tou
rism
and
IT in
dust
ry a
re
thriv
ing.
Inad
equa
te s
uppl
y of
land
and
infr
astr
uctu
re to
sup
port
furt
her
deve
lopm
ent.
The
ong
oing
JnN
UR
M le
d
initi
ativ
es c
ould
sus
tain
the
grow
th o
f Koc
hi.
Glo
bal
inve
stm
ent o
ppor
tuni
ty in
vario
us s
ecto
rs s
uch
as IT
,
Tou
rism
, Ind
ustr
y,
Infr
astr
uctu
re a
nd
Edu
catio
n.
Infr
astr
uctu
re
deve
lopm
ent w
ould
requ
ire s
ubst
antia
l
mob
iliza
tion
of
reso
urce
s.
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
proj
ects
and
Man
agem
ent o
f fac
ilitie
s
crea
ted
are
criti
cal.
O
ther
fact
ors
Che
aper
rea
l est
ate
cost
s
com
pare
d to
oth
er m
etro
s in
Indi
a, g
ood
com
mun
icat
ions
infr
astr
uctu
re ,
low
labo
ur c
osts
and
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Ker
ala’
s
initi
ativ
es to
pro
mot
e IT
/ITE
S.
A
n in
tegr
ated
and
com
preh
ensi
ve
deve
lopm
ent s
trat
egy
coul
d ex
ploi
t the
con
duci
ve
fact
ors
for
furt
her
deve
lopm
ent o
f Koc
hi a
s a
Glo
bal C
ity.
11
Mul
ti m
odal
tran
spor
t fac
ilitie
s -
road
, rai
l, w
ater
The
re
is
no
inte
grat
ion
amon
g th
e di
ffere
nt m
odes
.
The
ci
ty
road
s an
d th
e
regi
onal
ro
ads
are
over
stre
ssed
du
e to
incr
easi
ng
traf
fic
volu
me,
mix
ed t
raffi
c, i
mpr
oper
tra
ffic
junc
tions
, in
suffi
cien
t
carr
iage
w
ay
wid
th,
encr
oach
men
t of
st
reet
vend
ors,
nar
row
brid
ges
and
inad
equa
te
num
ber
of
railw
ay
over
br
idge
s.
Abs
ence
of
sing
le a
genc
y to
co-o
rdin
ate
inte
grat
ed
tran
spor
t. IW
T
is
unde
r
expl
oite
d.
A s
ingl
e ag
ency
for
the
co-
ordi
natio
n an
d
man
agem
ent o
f diff
eren
t
mod
es c
ould
be
setu
p in
line
with
the
Nat
iona
l
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Pol
icy.
Pre
para
tion
and
oper
atio
nalis
atio
n of
an
inte
grat
ed m
ulti-
mod
al
tran
spor
tatio
n an
d tr
affic
plan
com
pris
ing
roa
d, r
ail ,
wat
er a
nd a
ir ne
twor
k
coul
d m
ake
the
syst
em
effic
ient
, eco
nom
ical
and
envi
ronm
ent f
riend
ly.
Pol
icie
s ar
e to
be
tran
slat
ed to
act
ions
.
Infr
astr
uc
ture
Tra
nspo
rt
atio
n
N
umbe
r of
br
idge
s
cons
truc
ted
acro
ss
the
cana
ls,
and
the
encr
oach
men
t in
man
y ar
eas
limit
the
pote
ntia
l of
th
e
wat
erw
ays
in tr
ansp
orta
tion.
C
lear
ing
encr
oach
men
t
and
reha
bilit
atio
n m
ay
requ
ire s
ubst
antia
l effo
rt
and
reso
urce
s.
12
E
xpon
entia
l in
crea
se
in
pers
onal
ve
hicl
es
and
Inte
rmed
iate
P
ublic
Tra
nspo
rt
(IP
T).
ch
roni
c
park
ing
prob
lem
s in
co
re
area
s, r
oad
side
par
king
etc
caus
e tr
affic
blo
ck
Effi
cien
t pub
lic tr
ansp
ort
faci
litie
s co
uld
redu
ce th
e
depe
nden
ce o
n pe
rson
al
and
IPT
veh
icle
s. M
RT
S
coul
d be
intr
oduc
ed in
sele
ct c
orrid
ors.
S
cope
for
wid
enin
g of
roa
ds
or la
ying
of n
ew r
oads
are
limite
d be
caus
e of
the
dens
ely
built
up
natu
re o
f the
city
Enc
oura
ge p
ublic
mas
s
tran
spor
t thr
ough
pro
visi
on
of a
dditi
onal
sta
tions
, par
k
and
ride
faci
litie
s,
intr
oduc
tion
of s
ingl
e m
ulti-
mod
al ti
cket
ing
syst
em e
tc.
Sub
urba
n ra
il sy
stem
cou
ld
be d
evel
oped
.
Land
acq
uisi
tion
and
reha
bilit
atio
n is
sues
are
ofte
n di
fficu
lt to
tack
le.
T
he r
ail a
nd r
oad
traf
fic a
re
dire
cted
to th
e ci
ty c
entr
e
and
then
out
war
ds a
gain
caus
ing
cong
estio
n in
the
city
cen
tre.
The
two
railw
ay
stat
ions
with
in th
e ci
ty a
re
loca
ted
in c
onge
sted
are
as
and
henc
e ac
cess
and
pub
lic
park
ing
are
ofte
n di
fficu
lt.
A
railw
ay
line
by-p
assi
ng
the
core
ar
ea
coul
d be
deve
lope
d as
env
isag
ed i
n
the
Str
uctu
re
Pla
n fo
r
cent
ral
city
20
01.
A
new
railw
ay
stat
ion
coul
d be
loca
ted
in
this
ro
ute
with
prov
isio
n fo
r in
terc
hang
e.
Dec
isio
n ha
s to
be
take
n
and
impl
emen
tatio
n
star
ted
at t
he e
arlie
st t
o
ensu
re
min
imum
disl
ocat
ion
and
reha
bilit
atio
n.
13
T
he
prop
osed
m
etro
ra
il fr
om
Alu
va
to
Thr
ippu
nith
ura
wou
ld
cons
ider
ably
ea
seup
tr
avel
to
the
city
from
per
iphe
ral a
reas
.
The
pr
opos
ed
alig
nmen
t
with
in
the
city
is
th
roug
h
heav
ily
built
up
ar
ea
and
may
re
quire
co
nsid
erab
le
reha
bilit
atio
n.
Tra
nsit
orie
nted
deve
lopm
ent
coul
d be
prom
oted
w
ithin
th
e ci
ty
regi
on.
Fin
ance
, La
nd
Acq
uisi
tion
and
Reh
abili
tatio
n is
sues
are
to b
e so
rted
out
. It
may
take
ye
ars
for
the
com
plet
ion
of th
e pr
ojec
t.
Wat
er
Sup
ply
Sys
tem
Per
iyar
and
Moo
vattu
puzh
a riv
er
have
suf
ficie
nt w
ater
for
the
regi
on fo
r th
e pl
anni
ng p
erio
d.
Dis
tant
per
enni
al s
ourc
es -
mak
es w
ater
sup
ply
cost
ly.
Non
-ava
ilabi
lity
of lo
cal s
pot
sour
ces
due
to s
alin
ity,
espe
cial
ly in
coa
stal
are
as.
Wat
er b
odie
s su
ch a
s ca
nals
and
back
wat
ers
in th
e ci
ty
area
are
pol
lute
d. E
ntire
plan
ning
are
a ha
s to
dep
end
mai
nly
on p
rote
cted
wat
er
supp
ly o
f KW
A.
Prio
ritiz
ing
sew
age
and
sani
tatio
n sy
stem
s w
ould
redu
ce g
roun
d an
d su
rfac
e
wat
er p
ollu
tion.
Int
egra
ted
with
co
nser
vatio
n,
reus
e
and
rain
wat
er h
arve
stin
g
stra
tegi
es,
the
sour
ce
wou
ld
be
suffi
cien
t fo
r a
long
tim
e.
The
ava
ilabi
lity
of w
ater
in th
e 2
river
s m
ay n
ot b
e
suffi
cien
t in
the
lon
g ru
n.
A
com
preh
ensi
ve
wat
er
man
agem
ent
stra
tegy
has
to
be
evol
ved
and
impl
emen
ted
to
supp
lem
ent
and
sust
ain
the
pres
ent s
yste
m.
K
WA
sys
tem
cov
ers
the
entir
e
city
reg
ion
in te
rms
of
dist
ribut
ion
netw
ork.
The
sup
ply
is in
term
itten
t in
man
y ar
eas,
esp
ecia
lly th
e
coas
tal s
tret
ches
and
new
ly
deve
lope
d ar
eas.
Exi
stin
g
trea
tmen
t and
sup
ply
capa
city
of t
he K
WA
sys
tem
is n
ot s
uffic
ient
to m
eet t
he
futu
re d
eman
d.
Aug
men
tatio
n be
ing
unde
rtak
en u
nder
JnN
UR
M w
ould
go
a lo
ng
way
in m
eetin
g fu
ture
wat
er s
uppl
y de
man
d.
Aug
men
tatio
n of
th
e
exis
ting
syst
em a
nd t
he
mai
nten
ance
of
the
sam
e
wou
ld
requ
ire
cons
ider
able
in
vest
men
t
and
man
agem
ent
capa
bilit
ies.
14
Sew
erag
e
The
exi
stin
g se
wer
age
syst
em c
over
s on
ly 5
% o
f
the
Koc
hi C
orpo
ratio
n ar
ea .
Hig
h w
ater
tabl
e an
d he
nce
sept
ic ta
nks,
two
pit l
atrin
es,
etc.
do
not f
unct
ion
prop
erly
;
and
with
in th
e ur
ban
area
s,
resi
dent
ial a
nd o
ther
activ
ities
are
so
dens
ely
loca
ted,
that
the
sept
ic ta
nk
syst
em d
oes
not w
ork
lead
ing
to w
ater
and
soi
l
pollu
tion.
Fla
t ter
rain
mak
es
natu
ral g
ravi
tatio
nal f
low
diffi
cult
- th
e so
il is
mai
nly
loos
e sa
nd a
nd c
lay,
mak
ing
open
cut
ting
diffi
cult
- hi
gh
wat
er ta
ble
nece
ssita
tes
sew
age-
pum
ping
sta
tions
at
freq
uent
inte
rval
s.
Dec
entr
alis
ed o
ptio
ns a
nd
tech
nolo
gies
that
req
uire
less
land
for
trea
tmen
t are
to b
e in
trod
uced
. If
cons
ider
able
atte
ntio
n is
paid
and
res
ourc
es
mob
ilize
d, th
e is
sue
coul
d
be ta
ckle
d. J
nNU
RM
and
AD
B fu
nded
pro
ject
s w
ould
cons
ider
ably
impr
ove
the
situ
atio
n.
Impl
emen
tatio
n an
d
mai
nten
ance
of
a pr
oper
colle
ctio
n, t
rans
port
atio
n,
trea
tmen
t and
dis
posa
l of
sew
age
dem
and
huge
inve
stm
ent
and
man
agem
ent
capa
bilit
ies.
Sol
id
Was
te
Man
agem
ent
Koc
hi h
as a
maj
or S
WM
trea
tmen
t and
dis
posa
l site
at
Bra
hmap
uram
.
Poo
r w
aste
co
llect
ion
and
tran
spor
tatio
n.
No
segr
egat
ion
of
was
te
at
sour
ce.
Tre
atm
ent
and
disp
osal
fa
cilit
ies
are
to
stab
ilise
d. D
iffic
ulty
in g
ettin
g
disp
osal
si
tes
for
dece
ntra
lised
opt
ion.
The
ong
oing
JnN
UR
M
supp
orte
d co
mpr
ehen
sive
SW
M p
roje
ct w
ould
impr
ove
the
situ
atio
n.
Pub
lic a
war
enes
s cr
itica
l.
Cen
tral
ised
dis
posa
l si
te
has
only
lim
ited
life.
Alte
rnat
e si
tes
or o
ptio
ns
have
to
be i
dent
ified
and
deve
lope
d.
15
Was
te
dum
ped
into
na
tura
l
drai
ns
caus
e st
agna
tion
of
wat
er
in
drai
ns,
wat
er
logg
ing
and
mos
quito
men
ance
.
Sto
rm
Wat
er
Dra
inag
e
Exc
elle
nt n
etw
ork
of n
atur
al
cana
l sys
tem
sup
plem
ente
d by
man
mad
e dr
ains
.
Dec
reas
ed c
arry
ing
capa
city
of
the
syst
em
caus
es
freq
uent
flo
ods
and
wat
er
logg
ing.
en
croa
chm
ent,
conv
ersi
on
of
cana
ls
to
road
s,
was
te
dum
ping
,
obst
ruct
ion
due
to u
tility
line
s
and
silti
ng c
ontr
ibut
e to
thi
s.
Onl
y 60
%
of
the
Koc
hi
Cor
pora
tion
area
is
cove
red
by
stor
m
wat
er
drai
ns
lead
ing
to f
requ
ent
flood
ing
of
road
s.
Inci
denc
es
of
disc
harg
e of
se
ptic
ta
nk
over
flow
s/
efflu
ents
in
to
open
dra
ins
is h
igh.
With
th
e in
crea
sed
impo
rtan
ce
now
gi
ven
to
IWT
, pr
imar
y ca
nals
wou
ld
be
cons
erve
d an
d
impr
oved
. S
ewer
age
and
SW
M
proj
ects
be
ing
impl
emen
ted
wou
ld
cont
ribut
e to
re
duci
ng
pollu
tion
leve
ls in
the
can
al
syst
em.
A
com
preh
ensi
ve
drai
nage
pl
an
coul
d be
prep
ared
an
d
impl
emen
ted.
Fla
t te
rrai
n of
the
reg
ion
mak
e dr
aina
ge
plan
ning
diffi
cult.
P
ublic
awar
enes
s is
cr
itica
l.
Mai
nten
ance
of
th
e
syst
em
dem
and
high
leve
l of
co
ordi
nate
d
man
agem
ent.
Wat
er
bo
die
s
Koc
hi
has
a go
od
netw
ork
of
inla
nd
wat
erw
ay
syst
em
cons
istin
g of
bac
kwat
ers,
can
als
and
lago
ons.
T
he
laks
hdw
eep
sea
toge
ther
w
ith
the
inla
nd
wat
er b
odie
s ca
n p
lay
a vi
tal
role
in
the
soci
o-ec
onom
ic a
nd
Can
als
are
pollu
ted
- m
ore
than
20
0 m
ld
of
urba
n
sew
age
dire
ctly
en
ters
th
e
estu
ary
- 26
0 m
ld
of
trad
e
efflu
ents
re
ach
the
Per
iyar
estu
ary
from
th
e in
dust
rial
belt.
The
on
goin
g se
wer
age
and
MS
W p
roje
cts
and
the
prop
osed
IW
T
deve
lopm
ents
w
ould
impr
ove
the
situ
atio
n.
16
envi
ronm
enta
l as
pect
s of
th
e
regi
on.
culv
erts
and
brid
ges
acro
ss
the
cana
ls h
ave
been
cons
truc
ted
with
red
uced
wat
er w
ay
The
vas
t wat
er fr
ont h
as n
ot
been
util
ised
as
a pu
blic
asse
t. P
oor
acce
ss to
inla
nd
wat
erbo
dies
and
encr
oach
men
t.
Wat
erfr
ont i
f pro
perly
deve
lope
d w
ould
impr
ove
the
envi
ronm
enta
l,
recr
eatio
nal a
nd to
uris
t
faci
litie
s in
the
regi
on.
Ext
ensi
ve e
ncro
achm
ent a
nd
illeg
al o
ccup
atio
n an
d
conv
ersi
on o
f lan
d an
d w
ater
spac
e. U
nsci
entif
ic
recl
amat
ion
in m
any
plac
es
is c
ausi
ng fl
oodi
ng.
The
co
asta
l lin
e fr
om
Che
llana
m
to
Mun
amba
m
is
very
sens
itive
to e
rosi
on.
Koc
hi e
xhib
its a
com
para
tivel
y lo
w le
vel o
f
ambi
ent a
ir qu
ality
with
resp
ect t
o th
e pr
esen
ce o
f
SO
2, N
O2,
& S
PM
Com
mun
ity p
artic
ipat
ion
is m
inim
al in
envi
ronm
enta
l
cons
erva
tion.
En
viro
nm
ent
Gen
eral
loca
l en
viro
nmen
t
qual
ity is
Goo
d.
Nat
ural
wet
land
s, w
hich
wer
e su
ppor
ting
the
loca
l
ecos
yste
m, a
re r
etai
ned
only
mar
gina
lly.
If ne
w
area
s ar
e op
ened
up
for
deve
lopm
ent,
pres
sure
on
wet
lan
ds f
or
conv
ersi
on
coul
d be
redu
ced.
B
ette
r la
nd
use
cont
rol,
prom
otio
n of
Mas
s
Tra
nspo
rt
Sys
tem
s,
impl
emen
tatio
n of
Sew
erag
e an
d S
WM
syst
ems,
wat
erfr
ont
deve
lopm
ent
an
d
deve
lopm
ent
of
wet
land
park
s co
uld
cons
ider
ably
impr
ove
the
syst
em.
Aw
aren
ess
crea
tion
and
focu
sed
actio
n on
Env
ironm
ent
impr
ovem
ent a
re
esse
ntia
l.
17
Urb
an
dege
nera
tion
in
Mat
tanc
herr
y an
d F
ort
Koc
hi
area
. P
ullin
g do
wn
and
unau
thor
ized
mod
ifica
tion
of
valu
able
he
ritag
e st
ruct
ures
and
publ
ic s
pace
s.
Lack
of d
evel
opm
ent
guid
elin
es in
her
itage
are
as.
Impo
rtan
ce b
eing
giv
en t
o
herit
age
tour
ism
an
d th
e
cons
erva
tion
proj
ects
bein
g un
dert
aken
un
der
JnN
UR
M
w
ould
fa
cilit
ate
cons
erva
tion
effo
rts.
Pub
lic s
pace
s of
inte
nse
use
such
as
stre
ets
and
mar
kets
are
chok
ed w
ith tr
affic
jam
s
resu
lting
unf
riend
ly p
ublic
area
s.
Aw
aren
ess
crea
tion,
form
ulat
ion
of
deve
lopm
ent
guid
elin
es,
wor
king
out
ince
ntiv
es fo
r
cons
erva
tion
and
effe
ctiv
e im
plem
enta
tion
of r
egul
atio
ns a
re c
ritic
al.
Koc
hi
can
boas
t of
ric
h
Arc
hite
ctur
al,
Nat
ural
an
d
Cul
tura
l he
ritag
e.
Mat
tanc
herr
y
and
For
t ko
chi
herit
age
area
s
exhi
bits
gr
eat
mon
umen
ts,
stru
ctur
es
and
settl
emen
ts
of
outs
tand
ing
herit
age
valu
e. T
he
Wel
lingd
on
Isla
nd
has
man
y
herit
age
stru
ctur
es.
Thr
ippu
nith
ura
is r
ich
in c
ultu
ral
heria
tge.
M
anga
lava
nam
, th
e
back
wat
ers
and
the
man
grov
es
add
dive
rsity
to
the
rich
natu
ral
herit
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18
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3.1 DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS
3.1.1 CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION
Kochi is the fastest growing region in the State. The influence of the developments in the city of Kochi and the immediate surroundings is experienced in a wider region around, extending even beyond the District boundary. Studies on the developments that have taken place in the above wider region around Kochi, during the last two decades, show that the influence region around the city (depending on the activities in the area which have immediate dependence on the city and the activities that directly affect the development of the city and the area around) extends up to the towns of North Parur and Kodungallur in the north, Angamali town (transcending the towns of Kalamassery and Aluva) in the north-east, Muvattupuzha town (including Kothamangalam town situated close to Muvattupuzha) in the east and Cherthala town, in Alappuzha district, in the south. Major towns around Kochi City are shown in Map .1
19
Map 1
20
The broad development concepts of the region around Kochi city are as follows:
1. Kochi city can be developed as a Global City, as a destination for investments from
across the country and from abroad, exploiting its diversified development potentials
in port related activities, industries, information technology, tourism, health care,
trade etc. The planning area may become a Metropolitan City in the plan period,
which may necessitate review of the Development Plan.
2. Planned efforts shall be adopted to address the requirements of the floating
population in the city, which shall include reduction in the need for the commuting
population to commute daily for work and services within the city region.
• Major urban centres in the district other than Kochi city shall be given impetus for
development to arrest the influx of floating population to Kochi city and also to
provide opportunities for the other towns in the region to develop.
Kochi city attracts a huge influx of floating population. This floating population
converges to the city for availing of job opportunities, education and health facilities,
trade and commerce and other higher order amenities/facilities (travel & recreational
facilities etc.). This trend points to the need for stimulating the growth of ‘second
order’ urban settlements around the city to provide the much needed facilities and
better job opportunities. This may also partly reduce the stress due to the floating
population on the infrastructure within the city.
• New transit oriented development corridors shall be opened up to stimulate growth of
other growth centres, to attract more population and thus to reduce dependency to
Kochi City
3. Unplanned urban sprawl which is being experienced in and around Kochi City needs to be arrested / regulated.
• The urbanizing peripheral areas immediately surrounding Kochi City need to be developed giving thrust on their development potentials. The Planning area shall include Kochi City and these peripheral areas; and shall be planned as a single unit.
• Separate strategy needs to be devised for the development of the area immediately outside this planning area.
4. Regional transport corridors should be strengthened and better mass transport facilities need to be promoted.
21
3.1.2 CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLANNING AREA (KOCHI CITY REGION)
1. Kochi City and the urbanizing peripheral areas shall be planned as a single unit for
planning purposes exploiting the development potentials
• Kochi City Region which is the planning area shall be developed to grow as a
Global City. This may require attracting investments in very many higher order
and new functions. Since it may be difficult to accommodate all such distinct
functions within the city limits, the urbanizing peripheral areas of the city are also
to be considered along with the city to meet these varied challenging
requirements. This calls for planned development of the peripheral areas too.
• Diversification of economic base in the Kochi City Region shall be encouraged.
Port based activities, IT sector, tourism, industrial and commercial activities etc
shall be promoted wherever there is potential.
• The planning divisions shall be identified considering potential for development,
physiography, contiguity and homogeneity and access to mass transit systems.
• There shall be a varied approach in the development of the different planning
divisions and new major job activities shall be permitted only on a selective basis.
2. The scope for densification of the city both in terms of population and activities shall
be utilized to the optimum.
3. Integrated fast transit corridors shall be developed linking the major development
centres (I.T., tourism, industries, trade ) to support the ‘global city’
4. Kochi shall exploit its vast potential for water front development. Quality urban
spaces and landmarks shall be developed, especially in newly developing areas.
5. Promote Mass Transport and make Kochi a pedestrian friendly city and integrate
different modes of transport viz. road, rail and IWT
6. Hierarchy of facilities and amenities shall be ensured in the planning area.
7. Activities of the informal sector shall be accommodated at specific designated areas
within the planning areas
.
22
3.2 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
The development concepts evolved for the region as well as for the planning area
need to be translated to proposals through specific strategies to be devised. These
strategies are intended to be tools to detail out and translate the concepts into proposals.
The development strategies to be adopted are detailed below:
3.2.1 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR THE REGION
1. Developing Kochi as a Global City:
• Kochi city has a diversified economic base with thrust on Industries, Information
Technology, Port related activities, Tourism, Trade etc. Studies on urbanization
of the district reveal that Kochi city will continue to serve as the first order centre
of the Region. Kochi has the potential to function as a Global City exploiting the
diversified economic base together with the strategic location advantages.
Diversified economic base is a positive factor which needs to be strengthened,
for a City to function as a sustainable Global City. Thus Kochi City needs to be
further developed offering facilities and services of international standards to
meet the requirements of a Global City.
• The present Kochi City however is nearing a saturated situation in terms of
development. Huge floating population, excessive traffic on roads, subsequent
problems of congestion and pollution, inadequacy in water supply system and in
the management of solid waste, lack of proper sewerage system, limited land
availability for new developments, small land holdings and that too under private
ownership, high land value, limited scope for urban renewal due to huge cost
component etc. are some major indicators to uphold this view . Thus for further
sustainable development of the city new development areas have to be
considered.
• The urbanizing peripheral areas of the City comprising the Municipalities of
Thripunithura and Kalamassery, and the Panchayats of Maradu, Thiruvankulam,
Thrikakara, Vadavukode-Puthencruz, Cheranallore, Eloor, Varapuzha,
Kadamakudy, Mulavukadu, Elamkunnapuzha, Njarackal, Kumbalam,
Kumbalangy and Chellanam, have the potential to accommodate the
multifarious functions of the City and have to be considered as constituent units
of the Global City and as a single entity for planning purposes.
2. Development of other Major Urban Centres in the District:
• Kochi city, the first order urban centre in Ernakulam District, has a wide
hinterland, spreading across the district to the neighbouring districts of Thrissur,
23
Alappuzha and Kottayam. The influence of Kochi on its hinterland is so huge that
the floating population in the city is almost half of the population of the city,
which is likely to exceed double the city population by the year 2031. This is
putting severe stress on the existing infrastructure whereas up-gradation of urban
facilities in the heavily built-up city is very expensive rather. In order to address
this issue, second order urban centres have to be strengthened, promoting
development of certain higher order facilities and supporting services therein,
which would attract some of the floating population who depend on Kochi city
.This alternative is expected to accommodate a good share of the future urban
population in the region and at the same time would relieve Kochi city of
congestion to a certain extent.
• The Towns of Angamaly, Perumbavoor, Parur, Aluva, Kodungallur,
Moovattupuzha and Kothamangalam shall thus be strengthened as major second
order urban centres. These centres are expected to accommodate, major
facilities viz. Centres of Excellence, super specialty hospitals, non polluting hi-
tech industries, major employment centres, tourist attractions and uses ancillary
to these uses apart from other facilities expected of a second order centre.
Growth of other major centres in the district shall also be given impetus for the
balanced development of the region.
• All the above major urban centres possess distinct potentials for development
which shall be identified separately while devising packages for inducing
developments there.
3. Promoting transit oriented development:
• Developing new areas contiguous to Kochi city shall also take care of arresting
the urban sprawl which the city experiences now. As part of arresting the urban
sprawl and opening up new areas for development in the region, a new
development corridor shall be promoted, with reduced dependency on Kochi
city. The corridor connecting centres viz.Kodungallur, Angamaly, Perumbavoor,
Kolenchery, Piravom, Thalayolaparambu, and Cherthala shall be developed as a
transit oriented development corridor to accommodate major developments
without stressing the available infrastructure in Kochi. This corridor shall be
developed with higher focus on Angamaly in the north and Cherthala in the south
followed by Kodungallur, Kolenchery, Piravom and Thalayolaparambu, providing
facilities and support services for the growth of other smaller centres too in the
corridor.Intense development shall be permitted around the transit centres along
this corridor. The road linkage connecting the above centres would also function
as a bypass to the Kochi Urban Agglomeration, in tune with the draft Kerala Road
Development Policy, 2009; and shall be developed in such a way that MRTS
could be introduced in this corridor at a later stage.
24
The Angamaly – Perumbavur- Kolenchery - Piravom corridor shall be developed
in the first phase followed by the corridors of Cherthala - Thalayolaparambu and
Thalayolaparambu - Piravom respectively. The east west linkages connecting
Kochi city with the proposed development corridor shall be developed in
accordance with the development of the corresponding Transit oriented corridor.
• The stretch linking Angamaly – Nedumbassery – Aluva – Kalamassery - Kochi -
Tripunithura – Mulamthuruthy- Piravom shall also be promoted for transit oriented
development to complement the development of the proposed Kodungalur-
Angamaly- Cherthala corridor. Intense development shall be promoted along
Angamaly -Thripunithra - Piravom corridor in the first phase to induce
development along Kodungallur- Angamaly - Kolenchery - Piravom- Cherthala
corridor, with the main focus on Angamaly.
• The above two transit corridors could be connected by a link road from Arookutty
to Mulanthuruthy via Poothotta-Kanjiramattom ,across Perumbalam Island.
• To elevate the development potential of the region it is necessary to upgrade the
quality of infrastructure in a planned manner
Higher order facilities may not be encouraged in the immediate outer
periphery of Kochi City Region (Planning Area). Permission for any such facilities
in these areas shall be given only after ensuring availability of adequate
infrastructure and shall in no way affect the concept for development of Kochi
City Region, envisaged in this Plan. Detailed planning of the entire wider region
around Kochi city is not possible in this Development Plan for Kochi City Region.
The development concepts of the wider region around Kochi shall be addressed
in the Ernakulam District Development Plan.
4. Strategy for developing major centres:
While preparing development plans or any development package for these
major second order centres viz. Angamaly, Perumbavoor, Parur , Aluva,
Kodungallur, Moovattupuzha and Kothamangalam and other centres viz.
Kolenchery, Piravom, Thalayolaparambu, Cherthala (town), Nedumbassery and
Mulamthuruthy, the issue of promoting development through provision of
facilities and supporting services, adequate connectivity to ensure smooth traffic
and transportation etc need to be addressed. Strengthening of the linkages
connecting these centres shall be taken up through the various agencies
involved in implementation including the three tier Panchayats and state and
central government departments.
25
5. Communication strategy:
Apart from incorporating suitable provisions in the development plans, for attracting
investments, concerted effort, especially in the form of a communication strategy
supported by pursuance, has to be put in place to get these proposals materialized.
The implementation strategy of the development plan for Kochi city region shall also
incorporate and detail out the communication strategy suitably for proper
enforcement.
6. Strengthening regional linkages:
The regional transport corridors are overstressed due to the commuting traffic.
These corridors mainly include the following viz. Chellanam –Fort Kochi road,
Vypeen-Munambam road, National Highway-47 connecting Aroor and Angamaly,
National Highway-17 connecting Edappally and Calicut, National Highway 49
connecting Kochi and Madurai via Muvattupuzha, Thripunithura – Vaikom road,
Edappally –Perumbavoor road, Kochi - Munambam via GIDA Bridge, Palluruthy -
Kumbalangy road etc. It is necessary to strengthen these corridors, augment the
existing transport facilities and open out new transport facilities.
The planning concept is summarized in Map.2
26
Map.2
27
3.2.2 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR THE PLANNING AREA
1. Identification of planning divisions based on potentials for development of the planning area:
The planning area comprising Kochi City and the constituent units shall be treated as
a single unit for planning purposes but with different planning divisions for formulating
land use proposals and detailed zoning regulations.
The planning area thus identified shall be subjected to distinct planning interventions
to enable them to exercise the desired function exploiting the potentials as
summarized below:
Sl.
No.
Constituent area Specialized Development Potential
1 Fort Kochi and Mattanchery Heritage and Tourism
2 Wellington Island Port operations
3 Kochi Main land Subject to provision of Infrastructure -
Commerce, Institutional, Transport related,
Recreation
4 Chellanam and Kumbalangy Fishing, Tourism
5 Maradu, Kumbalam Residential
6 Thrippunithura, Thiruvankulam Residential, heritage
7 Vadavucodu-Puthen cruz Industries
8 Kalamassery, Thrikkakara Industries, Commerce, Transport related, IT,
Institutional
9 Eloor Industries, Transport related
10 Cheranallur, Varapuzha Recreation, water front development
11 Elamkunnapuzha, Mulavukadu,
Njarakkal, Kadamakkudy
Port related activities, Fishing related
Map 3 illustrates this strategy.
28
Map 3
29
2. Planning divisions need to comply with the following:
• The land use proposals and detailed zoning regulations for each of the planning
division shall be formulated strictly within the framework of the concepts and
development strategies for the planning area and also complying with those at the
regional context.
• The planning area shall have all facilities and amenities that a major city should
possess as per planning standards. The hierarchy of such facilities and amenities
shall be well maintained in the planning area and while preparing proposals and
zoning regulations for the planning divisions the detailing can be addressed.
• Planning area shall follow a poly nodal approach in planning and development with
the concept of ‘city within a city' which shall be addressed in the constituent
planning divisions. Planning divisions shall be self contained units to the extent
possible.
• The detailed proposals for the planning division comprising the Panchayats of
Elamkunnapuzha, Njarackal, Mulavukad and Kadamakudy which are included within
the jurisdiction of the Goshree Island Development Authority (GIDA) shall be
formulated by GIDA within the framework of the concepts and strategies for the
development of the planning area taken as a single entity and also complying with
those at the regional context.
3. Densification of the present Kochi city:
The present Kochi city area shall be densified only subject to imposing strict
conditions in respect of availability of adequate infrastructure. The city area itself has
scope for densification in population and in activities. By partly relieving the city of the
convergence of the district population for their immediate necessities and by relieving
the resultant release of stress on city infrastructure, it should be possible to
accommodate new developments in the city.
4. Traffic and Transportation:
• Prepare and operationalise an integrated multi-modal traffic and transportation plan
comprising road, rail, water and air network and link areas of future development to
this integrated transport network
• Constitute a Unified Transportation Management Authority (UTMA) in tune with the
National Urban Transport Policy ,2006 to coordinate proper integration of different
modes of transport such that mutual accessibility , timely availability of each mode in
30
a sequential manner, proper maintenance of the entire system etc are fully ensured
under the control of a single agency.
• Promote mass transport system in the planning area:
• Identify and improve road stretches along which mass transport has to be
promoted in the planning area.
• Encourage reliable and efficient multi modal mass transport system through
provision of additional stations, park and ride facilities, introduction of multi-modal
single ticketing system etc and utilise the potential of water bodies also in the
integrated transport system. The coverage of mass transport facility in the city
shall be enhanced.
• As part of promoting mass transport system, along the narrow congested roads
in the planning area the use of minibuses shall be adopted. Simultaneously
pedestrianisation of internal roads and / or provision of pedestrian facilities shall
also be promoted identifying such roads in a manner that mass transit corridors
are accessible within walking distance. Use of personal vehicles shall be
discouraged as well.
• Provide exclusive lanes for mass transport and container movement where ever
possible; and develop goods and passenger terminals with adequate
infrastructure.
• Fast corridors need to be developed linking the airport and the major potential job
centres in the urbanising peripheral areas in Kochi city region integrating well with
the road, rail and canal system.
• Informal sector shall be promoted providing organized space for informal sector
activities thereby relieving encroachment by street vendors on roads and foot
paths. Separate strategy shall be devised to promote informal sector
development in select areas
• Suitable strategy for off street parking of vehicles shall be devised and parking
facilities shall be developed at the planning division level. The feasibility of
making available these facilities through PPP shall be explored
• Optimal utilisation of the existing road network through short term traffic
management measures including prohibition of on street parking in identified
stretches, regulatory measures for controlling mixed traffic, traffic management
plan for specific areas, and rationalization of bus routes and bus stop locations
etc shall be tried under a proper evaluation and monitoring system
31
• The potential of water bodies and canals in the planning area shall be fully
utilised for transportation of goods and people, both passengers and tourists.
• Effective linkages among various planning divisions shall be established
• Restricted direct access to main arterial roads shall be provided through service
roads
• The grid iron pattern network of roads within the City shall be strengthened and
maintained
• Sub urban rail network shall be developed utilising the existing rail network and
also extending the coverage to unserved areas in the City Region.
5. Housing:
• Ensure effective housing and shelter options, focusing the poor, marginalised and
disadvantaged in the planning area by creation of adequate housing stock on
either rental or ownership basis and delivery of serviced land, through Public
Private Partnership.
• Convergence of all development programmes for the poor shall also be ensured.
• Develop new housing areas around the transit stations proposed
• The planning area shall have designed density pattern in different planning
divisions so that it would be possible to redensify the existing built up areas
within. Such redensification may not be uniform within the planning area but may
vary according to the nature of present development and proximity to mass
transport corridor.
• Proposing higher density and high rise developments within a specified area shall
be with due consideration for augmenting the capacity of infrastructure within that
area
• Introduce systems for incentivising and disincentivising for densification
• Land being a limited and costly resource needs to be planned to provide for
rationalised and optimum density use. Innovative planning techniques like land
pooling schemes, transferable development rights, accommodation reservation
etc could be tried.
32
• Augment supply of land for housing by opening up new areas of development
and providing adequate infrastructure
• Evolve innovative approaches for Affordable housing for EWS/LIG , MIG and
Public housing schemes for migrant labourers
• Slum Improvement Programmes for upgrading the services, amenities, hygiene
and environment shall be taken up to make Kochi City Region a slum free one in
a decade
• Improve coverage of public transport to areas of EWS/ LIG concentration.
• Ensure supply of affordable land through approaches such as reservation of
specified amount of land in new developments for EWS/ LIG as envisaged in
JnNURM reforms.
• Incentivise participation of private sector in affordable housing
• Promote availability of cheap building materials; skill development programmes to
ensure supply of skilled workers in construction industry; improve access to
finance.
6. Environment:
• Conserve, develop and manage the Natural Resources and the related
environmental infrastructure and services in a manner that would lead to
optimization of use of natural resources and reduction/abatement of pollution and
also with a view to enhance their environmental value
• Develop and conserve open spaces, lung spaces, greens and landscape,
recreational areas and heritage sites.
• Conserve the wetland system through comprehensive conservation plans and
promote non-destructive use
• Enforce strict land use control in and around environmentally sensitive areas.
• Extent sewerage or a combination of sewerage and other sewage disposal
systems to the whole of the planning area to reduce polluting of ground water and
the wetland.
• Implement and maintain a comprehensive Solid Waste Management system for
the whole of the planning area.
33
• Promote Mass transport and pedestrian movements. Facilitate reduction in the
dependency on motorised vehicles especially personalised vehicles and
Intermediate Public Transport to reduce traffic and pollution levels.
• Promote heavy industries in designated zones.
• Promote further intense developments in the core Corporation area only after
ensuring adequate infrastructure.
7. Infrastructure:
a. Water Supply
• Explore the feasibility of supplying raw/ partly treated water for non potable
purpose
• Explore the feasibility of recycling of treated wastewater with separate lines for
potable water and recycled water
• Ensure rainwater harvesting in Public Buildings, ground water recharging through
rain water harvesting, conserving water bodies and controlling groundwater
extraction
• Achieve 24X 7 Water Supply in the Planning Area in a decade
b. Sewerage
• Extend the coverage of sewerage system or suitable alternate options in the
Planning Area
• Awareness building on the need for the sewerage system in lieu of the existing
septic tank system and the conservation of water bodies
c. Storm Water Drainage
• A comprehensive drainage plan to be prepared and implemented integrating the
primary and secondary canals and the drains. Due consideration to be given to
the conservation of wetland system.
d. Solid Waste Management
• Awareness creation; and Implementation of a comprehensive system of
collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of solid waste
34
• Promote decentralised disposal options
• Integrate the SWM system with other infrastructure
8. Subject plans and detailing of framework proposals to facilitate implementation:
Detailed plans on identified priority subjects / areas and detailing of
framework proposals indicated in the Development plan shall be prepared to come
out with proposals for implementation. These shall include detailed road alignment
plan in tune with the proposals envisaged in the Development Plan for Kochi City
Region , comprehensive drainage plan for Kochi City Region, plan for conservation of
wet land and paddy land, Plan for promoting IWT identifying canals for improvement
such as desilting and deepening of canals ,water front development and
development of organised green space, detailing of sub centres etc.
