DEVELOPMENT OF DEVICES FOR WORKING WITH BN-350 RADIOACTIVE WASTE

DEVELOPMENT OF DEVICES DEVELOPMENT OF DEVICES FOR WORKING WITH BN-350 FOR WORKING WITH BN-350

RADIOACTIVE WASTE RADIOACTIVE WASTE

««Nuclear Power and Energy Security (NPES 2009)Nuclear Power and Energy Security (NPES 2009)»»IV NATO Advanced Research WorkshopIV NATO Advanced Research Workshop

May 26-29, Yerevan, Armenia May 26-29, Yerevan, Armenia

DEVELOPMENT OF DEVICES FOR WORKING DEVELOPMENT OF DEVICES FOR WORKING WITH BN-350 RADIOACTIVE WASTEWITH BN-350 RADIOACTIVE WASTE

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Authors:Authors:• A.G. Iksanov (A.G. Iksanov (“Kazatomprom” NAC, Almaty, RK“Kazatomprom” NAC, Almaty, RK))• S.N. Pustobaev, Yu.P. Shirobokov, G.P. Pugachyev (S.N. Pustobaev, Yu.P. Shirobokov, G.P. Pugachyev (“MAEK – Kazatomprom” LLP, “MAEK – Kazatomprom” LLP,

Aktau, RKAktau, RK)• A.N. Baldov, L.N. Tikhomirov, V.V. Tkachenko A.N. Baldov, L.N. Tikhomirov, V.V. Tkachenko (“KATEP” LLP, Almaty, RK(“KATEP” LLP, Almaty, RK))• I.L. Tazhibaeva, A.Kh. Klepikov, O.G. Romanenko (I.L. Tazhibaeva, A.Kh. Klepikov, O.G. Romanenko (RC NTS, Almaty, RKRC NTS, Almaty, RK))• E.A. Kenzhin, V.V. Yakovlev, S. Khametov (E.A. Kenzhin, V.V. Yakovlev, S. Khametov (IAE NNC RK, Kurchatov, RKIAE NNC RK, Kurchatov, RK))• V.I. Kalinkin, A.I. Skvortsov (V.I. Kalinkin, A.I. Skvortsov (JSC “Parent Institute “VNIPIET”, St-Petersburg, RF)JSC “Parent Institute “VNIPIET”, St-Petersburg, RF)• S.A. Dmitriev, A.E. Arustamov (S.A. Dmitriev, A.E. Arustamov (MosNPO “Radon”, Moscow, RFMosNPO “Radon”, Moscow, RF))• D.I. Zelenski, Yu.A. Serebrennikov (D.I. Zelenski, Yu.A. Serebrennikov (JSC “METR”, Moscow, RFJSC “METR”, Moscow, RF))

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BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBN-350 is the earliest prototype industrial liquid-metal fast BN-350 is the earliest prototype industrial liquid-metal fast breeder reactor, sodium coolant.breeder reactor, sodium coolant.Design thermal capacity – 1000 MW.Design thermal capacity – 1000 MW.Reactor start-up was carried Reactor start-up was carried out on 29.11.1972.out on 29.11.1972.Power start-up - 16.07.1973.Power start-up - 16.07.1973.According to the According to the Governmental Resolution of Governmental Resolution of RK No.456 of 22.04.1999 it was RK No.456 of 22.04.1999 it was decided to decommission the decided to decommission the reactor.reactor.

DEVELOPMENT OF DEVICES FOR WORKING WITHDEVELOPMENT OF DEVICES FOR WORKING WITH BN-350 RADIOACTIVE BN-350 RADIOACTIVE WASTEWASTE

STRATEGY OF THE BN-350 RP DECOMMISSIONINGSTRATEGY OF THE BN-350 RP DECOMMISSIONINGMajor Phases:Major Phases:Phase 1.Phase 1. Bringing the BN-350 reactor plant to the state of long-Bringing the BN-350 reactor plant to the state of long- term safe storage. The basic criteria of the phase term safe storage. The basic criteria of the phase completion are: completion are:

spent fuel transfer from the site (Stage I);spent fuel transfer from the site (Stage I);radioactive sodium removal from the reactor plant and radioactive sodium removal from the reactor plant and

its reprocessing (Stage II);its reprocessing (Stage II);radwaste treatment and placing in the long-term radwaste treatment and placing in the long-term

storage (LRW – Stage III, SRW – Stage IV);storage (LRW – Stage III, SRW – Stage IV);preparation of buildings, constructions and equipment preparation of buildings, constructions and equipment

for long-term storage, management of monitoring for long-term storage, management of monitoring (Stage V)(Stage V)

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STRATEGY OF THE BN-350 RP DECOMMISSIONINGSTRATEGY OF THE BN-350 RP DECOMMISSIONING

Major Phases:Major Phases:Phase 2.Phase 2. Long-term safe storage underLong-term safe storage under control and monitoring over the control and monitoring over the next 50 years next 50 yearsPhase 3.Phase 3. Partial or full dismantling of thePartial or full dismantling of the equipment, buildings and equipment, buildings and constructions, and nuclear waste constructions, and nuclear waste disposal disposal

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REPROCESSING OF LIQUID AND SOLID REPROCESSING OF LIQUID AND SOLID NUCLEAR WASTENUCLEAR WASTE

Since 1972, over the BN-350 reactor plant Since 1972, over the BN-350 reactor plant operation history, the considerable amount of operation history, the considerable amount of liquid and solid nuclear waste has been liquid and solid nuclear waste has been produced.produced.Total liquid waste collected- 3320 mTotal liquid waste collected- 3320 m33..Liquid waste activity (free of “pure” beta- and Liquid waste activity (free of “pure” beta- and alpha-emitting nuclides activity) - 2,66alpha-emitting nuclides activity) - 2,66101014 14

Bq.Bq.Total solid waste collected – 6620 tons.Total solid waste collected – 6620 tons.

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REPROCESSING OF LIQUID AND SOLID REPROCESSING OF LIQUID AND SOLID NUCLEAR WASTENUCLEAR WASTE

Solid waste activity (free of “pure” beta- and alpha-Solid waste activity (free of “pure” beta- and alpha-emitting nuclides activity) - 5,45emitting nuclides activity) - 5,4510101414 Bq. Bq.A complex of installations for reprocessing of theA complex of installations for reprocessing of theBN-350 liquid and solid waste is proposed:BN-350 liquid and solid waste is proposed:installation for RLW ion-selective decontamination;installation for RLW ion-selective decontamination;installation for cementation;installation for cementation;installation for pressing of solid waste in metal installation for pressing of solid waste in metal

casks;casks;depository for interim and long-term storage of depository for interim and long-term storage of

casks and containers.casks and containers.NPES 2009NPES 2009


RLW MANAGEMENT PLANRLW MANAGEMENT PLANReprocessing by means of additional evaporation Reprocessing by means of additional evaporation and residue drainage in the RLW storage, and by and residue drainage in the RLW storage, and by final treatment of condensate in the ion-exchange final treatment of condensate in the ion-exchange facilities;facilities;Two-stage treating of the RLW clarified part from Two-stage treating of the RLW clarified part from radionuclide; radionuclide; Ozonization and filtration of the clarified part for the Ozonization and filtration of the clarified part for the purpose of slime removal and further infiltrate purpose of slime removal and further infiltrate immobilization in cement matrix in non-returnable immobilization in cement matrix in non-returnable shielding casks (NSC); shielding casks (NSC);

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RLW MANAGEMENT PLANRLW MANAGEMENT PLANSelective sorption of basic radionuclide Cs-137 and Selective sorption of basic radionuclide Cs-137 and further removal of filter-containers as highly active further removal of filter-containers as highly active RSW;RSW;Lifting of accumulated pulps and deposits and their Lifting of accumulated pulps and deposits and their further cement-curing;further cement-curing;Placing of the cement compound into NSCs;Placing of the cement compound into NSCs;Transportation using special vehicles and placing Transportation using special vehicles and placing of NSCs in the special RSW depository (building of NSCs in the special RSW depository (building 158A).158A).

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STATUS OF THE RLW/RSW MANAGEMENT STATUS OF THE RLW/RSW MANAGEMENT PROJECTSPROJECTS

The RLW RC Project has been developed and The RLW RC Project has been developed and undergone expertise, working documentation is undergone expertise, working documentation is under development.under development.Volume, composition and activity level of the Volume, composition and activity level of the radwaste produced in the course of the BN-350 radwaste produced in the course of the BN-350 RP operation have been analyzed.RP operation have been analyzed.The RSW RC Project has been developed and is The RSW RC Project has been developed and is at the completion stage of endorsement and at the completion stage of endorsement and expertise.expertise.

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ACTIVITIES OF STAGE V COMPLETEDACTIVITIES OF STAGE V COMPLETEDEngineering inspection of the buildings, Engineering inspection of the buildings, systems, equipment and external systems, equipment and external communications of the BN-350 reactor plant communications of the BN-350 reactor plant has been performed. has been performed. The technological systems of the RP buildings The technological systems of the RP buildings 130, 150, 150130, 150, 150АА, 157 have been examined for , 157 have been examined for radiation.radiation.Radiation inspection of the external Radiation inspection of the external communications of the BN-350 reactor plant.communications of the BN-350 reactor plant.

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ACTIVITIES OF STAGE V COMPLETEDACTIVITIES OF STAGE V COMPLETEDData acquisition/classification, preparation of Data acquisition/classification, preparation of summary tables on the BN-350 systems, and summary tables on the BN-350 systems, and determination of isotopic composition of determination of isotopic composition of radionuclides localized on the internal and external radionuclides localized on the internal and external surfaces of the BN-350 systems, measuring of total surfaces of the BN-350 systems, measuring of total removed activity of removed activity of ββ-emitting nuclides have been -emitting nuclides have been completed.completed.The Project on preparation of buildings, The Project on preparation of buildings, constructions and equipment for safe long-term constructions and equipment for safe long-term storage has been developed.storage has been developed.

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OTHER PROJECTSOTHER PROJECTSThe sanitary protection area and The sanitary protection area and radiation control area Project has been radiation control area Project has been justified and developed.justified and developed.The Projects not included in Stages I-IV The Projects not included in Stages I-IV are under development:are under development:

Management of highly active RW;Management of highly active RW;Management of organic RLW.Management of organic RLW.

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ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT AND FUNDINGACTIVITY MANAGEMENT AND FUNDINGThe Institution responsible for the BN-350 RP The Institution responsible for the BN-350 RP decommissioning – NAC “Kazatomprom”.decommissioning – NAC “Kazatomprom”.Main organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan Main organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan involved in the implementation of the activity – involved in the implementation of the activity – MAEK “Kazatomprom”, KATEP, RC NTS and IAE MAEK “Kazatomprom”, KATEP, RC NTS and IAE NNC RK.NNC RK.Main organizations of the Russian Federation Main organizations of the Russian Federation involved in the implementation of the activity – involved in the implementation of the activity – JSC “Parent Institute “VNIPIET”, MosNPO “Radon”, JSC “Parent Institute “VNIPIET”, MosNPO “Radon”, JSC “METR”.JSC “METR”.

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ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT AND FUNDINGACTIVITY MANAGEMENT AND FUNDINGFunding sources: funding from the Republic of Funding sources: funding from the Republic of Kazakhstan, international aid (USA, United Kingdom, Kazakhstan, international aid (USA, United Kingdom, TACIS). TACIS).

The work within the spent fuel and sodium coolant The work within the spent fuel and sodium coolant management Project is carried out under the sponsorship management Project is carried out under the sponsorship and technical support of the USA.and technical support of the USA.

Some parts of the liquid-metal coolant handling, cesium Some parts of the liquid-metal coolant handling, cesium traps management, examination of the hot cells repository traps management, examination of the hot cells repository Projects are funded by the United Kingdom.Projects are funded by the United Kingdom.

The basic scope of work including RLW/RSW management The basic scope of work including RLW/RSW management is funded by the Republic of Kazakhstan.is funded by the Republic of Kazakhstan.

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MAJOR TASKS ACCOMPLISHEDMAJOR TASKS ACCOMPLISHEDVolume, composition and activity level of the radwaste Volume, composition and activity level of the radwaste produced in the course of the BN-350 RP operation have been produced in the course of the BN-350 RP operation have been analyzed;analyzed;Material balance of the reprocessed radwaste according to the Material balance of the reprocessed radwaste according to the volume, type, activity level, processing method has beenvolume, type, activity level, processing method has beenmade up;made up;The technique for RW handling in the fast breeder reactor The technique for RW handling in the fast breeder reactor decommissioning has been developed. The complex of decommissioning has been developed. The complex of processing techniques and RW conditioning proposed has processing techniques and RW conditioning proposed has been included in the RLW, RSW and storage RC Projects for been included in the RLW, RSW and storage RC Projects for safe long-term storage (50 years) of solid and hardened RW.safe long-term storage (50 years) of solid and hardened RW.

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MAJOR TASKS ACCOMPLISHEDMAJOR TASKS ACCOMPLISHEDComplexity and multi-aspect of the activity scheduled and Complexity and multi-aspect of the activity scheduled and their international nature require the creation of modern their international nature require the creation of modern project management schemes.project management schemes.The role of the management company in the spent fuel and The role of the management company in the spent fuel and radioactive sodium management Projects operates “KATEP” radioactive sodium management Projects operates “KATEP” LLP from Kazakhstan, and the role of the leading company of LLP from Kazakhstan, and the role of the leading company of the LRW, SRW management and BN-350 decommissioning of the LRW, SRW management and BN-350 decommissioning of V stage Projects plays JSC “METR” (Management. V stage Projects plays JSC “METR” (Management. Engineering. Technologies. Research) that is the leader of the Engineering. Technologies. Research) that is the leader of the Russian institutions Consortium – stakeholders of the BN-350 Russian institutions Consortium – stakeholders of the BN-350 decommissioning activity.decommissioning activity.

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONThe package of activity performed proves The package of activity performed proves the correctness of the concept accepted the correctness of the concept accepted by the Government of the Republic of by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the BN-350 Kazakhstan on the BN-350 decommissioning (three successive steps decommissioning (three successive steps above) targeted at minimization of cost, above) targeted at minimization of cost, exposure and amount of radioactive exposure and amount of radioactive waste.waste.

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONDecommissioning of the high power fast Decommissioning of the high power fast breeder reactor plant is carried out for the first breeder reactor plant is carried out for the first time and therefore the normative documents time and therefore the normative documents and design decisions elaborated, accepted and design decisions elaborated, accepted technologies and estimation of capital technologies and estimation of capital expenditure and maintenance costs may enrich expenditure and maintenance costs may enrich the database and serve as orientation for the database and serve as orientation for decommissioning of similar units.decommissioning of similar units.

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONAccording to the concept accepted the BN-350 According to the concept accepted the BN-350 decommissioning is the process of top level of decommissioning is the process of top level of complexity that is characterized with the requirement complexity that is characterized with the requirement of concurrent execution of a large scope of work by of concurrent execution of a large scope of work by means of international teams from Kazakhstan, means of international teams from Kazakhstan, Russia, USA, EC, etc. Such approach needs the Russia, USA, EC, etc. Such approach needs the creation of modern effective organization schemes of creation of modern effective organization schemes of interfaces and management of the Projects and will interfaces and management of the Projects and will be further used in other complicated Projects.be further used in other complicated Projects.

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THANKSTHANKSFOR YOUR ATTENTION!FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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DEVELOPMENT OF DEVICES FOR WORKING WITH BN-350 RADIOACTIVE WASTE