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1
Development of fuel cell at JX
Hiroshi TakamiSenior Manager
System Integration Business Dept.JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation
Feb.17, 2011DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technical Advisory Committee
Arlington, VA
2Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
Agenda
1. JX Holdings company briefing
2. Why residential fuel cells developed
3. Large scale demonstration project in Japan
4. Commercialization of residential fuel cells in Japan
5. Challenges in residential fuel cells
6. Toward future Low Carbon Society
3Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
1.JX holdings company briefing
4Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
Nippon OilCorporation Nippon Mining
& Metals
Japan Energy
Nippon MiningHoldingsJX Holdings
JX Nippon Oil&Energy
JX Nippon Oil&Gas Exploration
JX Nippon Mining&Metals
Unified brand
Annual sales: $97 BillionProfit: $2 Billion
2010FY Financial Performance
18,000Employee
JX Group Establishment, April 2010
5Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
ComprehensiveComprehensiveEnergy CompanyEnergy Company
Integrated Operating SystemIntegrated Operating System
IGCCIGCC
FuelFuel
ElectricityElectricity
LubricantsLubricants
ChemicalsChemicals
BatteryBattery
Solar PVSolar PV
EnergyEnergySystemSystem
ProductsProductsSalesSalesBio FuelBio Fuel
BHDBHD
GTLGTL
ElectricityElectricity
CCSCCSHydrogenHydrogen
OilOil
HSFCCHSFCC
RefiningRefiningManufactureManufacture
CrudeCrudeOilOil
BiomassBiomass
NonNon--ConventionalConventionalOilOil
NaturalNaturalGasGas
SiliconSilicon
NaturalNaturalResourcesResources
CRICRI
HydrogenHydrogen
Fuel CellFuel Cell
BioBio--delivered Ethanoldelivered EthanolETBEETBE
JX’s Comprehensive Energy Strategy
6Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
2.Why residential fuel cells developed ?
7Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
City gas
Input Energy100%100% Transmission Loss
▲5%
Energy Consuming Home
Energy Making Home
ElectricityElectricity45%45%
Thermal
Power PlantEnergy
Efficiency40%40%
or
LP gas Heat
45%
Heat Loss▲55%
Energy
Efficiency85%85%
ENEFARM
Conventional Thermal Power Plant
Input Energy100%100%
Heat Loss▲15%
ENE FARM
Electricity
40%
No transmission loss
Higher Energy Efficiency of Fuel Cell
8Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
LED bulbFuel cell for home use
Idling stop 28℃ set forAir Conditioner
CO2 reduction through various kinds of energy saving activities
(Source:The Energy Conservation Center, Japan)-1200㎏/year
1min/day reductionfor shower usage
1hr/day reductionfor TV watching
-58㎏/year
-40kg/year
-10㎏/year
-35kg/year
-30kg/year
CO2 reduction by residential Fuel Cell in Japan
ENEFARM
9Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
3. Large Scale Demonstration project in Japan
10Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
Hokkaido54
Tohoku96
Kanto1,530Chubu
340
Kinki529
Shikoku147
Kyusyu422
Okinawa8
Chugoku181
Source : NEW ENERGY FOUNDATION
Installation number of Fuel Cell Systems< Fukuoka Hydrogen Town >
Large Scale Demonstration Project(2005-8)& Hydrogen Town
Energy Supplier TotalJX(ENEOS) 1,512Tokyo Gas 796Other city gas companies 557Other oil companies 303Others 139Grand total 3,307
Intensive installation of 150 ENE FARMs by JX
World’s first model cityfor hydrogen energy
11Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
20% 22% 24% 26% 28% 30% 32% 34%
Power Generation(HHV)
Heat Recovery(HHV)
※Source : JX data at Large Scale Demo Project
FY2006(227 UNITS)
FY2007(275 UNITS)
FY2005(134 UNITS)
Model Year [LPG fueled]
av.42.1%
av.37.5%
av.45.5%
av.26.6%
av.30.3%
av.30.5%
Key Factors(1) Performance of Fuel Processor (FPS)(2) Lowered Power consumption(3) Improved Heat Loss
※Actual data
Improved performance at the Project
12Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
4.Commercialization of residential fuel cells in Japan
13Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
FY2009 Model
Rated Output 750W
Power Generation
Heat Recovery
Size 280L
Fuel Natural Gas, LPG
Hot WaterUnit
Tank Capacity 200L
GenerationUnit
Basic
Features
35%(LHV)
50%(LHV)
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
Sal
es U
nits
(thou
sand
uni
ts/y
ear
LPG NaturalGas
Kerosene HeatPump
Potential market
Domestic boiler sales in 2009 in Japan
$5,000/unit×2.7million=$13.5billion
ENERGY + FARM
Energy farm at home
「ENE・FARM」 and its potential market
14Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020
Year
Ann
ual F
uel C
ell S
ales
Uni
t
(Source: JX’s estimates)
Market Launch
(thousand units)
Market prediction for ENEFARM in Japan
15Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
5.Challenges in residential fuel cells
16Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
Cost reduction
Cost reduction
Current StatusCurrent StatusCurrent Status
1.Price : ca. $30,000
2.Duration : 40,000 hr
3.Reliability : Failure rate <10%/yr
4.Power Generation : 35%(LHV)
Total Efficiency : 85%(LHV)
Required Spec. Required Spec. ((FY2015FY2015))
Less parts
1.Price : < $5,000
2.Duration : >10 year
3.Reliability : Failure rate <1%/yr
4.Power Generation : 35%(LHV)
Total Efficiency : 85%(LHV)
ImprovementIn Performance
ImprovementIn Performance
Improvement of reliabilityImprovement of reliability
System Flow
Low Temp. Catalyst
Simplification of System
Quality Control
Mass production
Novel Material
20
Technical Challenges at ENEFARM
17Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
5,000
1,000
2006 20092007 20152014201320122011201020082005 2006 20092007 20152014201320122011201020082005
7,700
2,500
5,820
4,810
1,200
500
3,290
Large Scale Demonstration Commercialization
COST
3,200Target PRICE
FY
Source : NEF( New Energy Foundation )
(×1,000 JPY/Unit)
Cost Reduction Target of ENE-FARM
18
PEFC SOFC
Operating Temp. About 80℃ About 750℃
Operation Daily Start up&Shut down Continuous
Size(1kW Class) 280L(09FY Model) 150L(09FY Model)
Power generation efficiency (LHV)
36% 45%
Fuel H2 H2、CO
PEFC SOFC
パワコン
電力
脱硫器
改質器
シフト
CO除去
脱硫器
空気
燃料
Water
セルスタック
加湿器
Power
Conditioner
FPS
Hot water Tank
Power
脱硫器
AirHeatExchanger
FuelFuel CellStack
H2
Humidifier
パワコン
Module
脱硫器
脱硫器
熱交換器
燃料
Air
COCO
改質器
セルスタック
電力脱硫器
Fuel H2・ COCO
FPS
Hot water Tank
HeatExchanger
Fuel Cell
Stack
Reform
er
Power
Conditioner
Power
Desulfurizer
Desulfurizer Heat
Exchanger
Reform
er
Shift
CO
Rem
oval
Hot water Tank
22
Characteristics of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
19Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
6.Toward future Low Carbon Society
20Copyright © 2010 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation All Rights Reserved.
Nuclear Thermal Power
Battery
Energy Operating System
<Large-scale Power Generation>
Grid
Decentralized Power Generation Network Hydrogen
Pipeline
Fuel Cell Solar PV Battery
Electricity
Hospital
Condominium
Shop
Family House
Family House
SS
Smart Grid>
EVPHEV FCVNext Generation Vehicle
Charging
Speed Charging Hydrogen
Total HomeEnergy System
Mega-SolarPower Generation
Energy System IntegratorThin film PV
Global Manufacturing and Sales
Refinery
Low-carbon Hydrogen
CCS
CO2
Low-carbon HydrogenTotal Energy Station
DecentralizedEnergy Management
Hydrogen
Low-cost Battery
Energy Operating System with IT Network(Smart Grid)
Electricity
Electricity
Operating
Information
Office Building
Total Energy Station
Energy network of Low carbon society