Development of micro–watershed ... - Integrated Publish · Integrated watershed management has been adopted as a part of the National Water Policy (NWP, 2002) for the conservation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES

Volume 7, No 2, 2016

© Copyright by the authors - Licensee IPA- Under Creative Commons license 3.0

Research article ISSN 0976 – 4380

Submitted on April 2016 published on November 2016 211

Development of micro–watershed atlas of Haryana state- a citizen centric

Perspective Gahlod N.S, Ranga Rao V, Arya V.S, Pankaj Laghate, Meena R.L

Soil and Land Use Survey of India

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation

Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

Government of India

IARI Buildings, New Delhi 110012

ABSTRACT

The watershed of a river system is an ideal unit for agriculture development. The sub-

watersheds and micro-watersheds are manageable units for development and administration.

The aim of this paper is the development of Micro-Watershed code of Haryana State, India,

to provide a unique national code in an easy and understandable format.It helps in ensuring

uniformity in the use of micro watershed code across the Nation in the soil and water

management programmes.The spatial micro-watershed atlas of Haryana State developed with

799 sub-watersheds and 5264 Micro watersheds. Each one is having distinct spatial extent

with unique national code helps to avoid duplication of activities with similar objectives

under different ministries in one micro watershed. Procedures adopted in making available

the Geospatial information on platform-free basis is also discussed along with an example.

The development of Micro–watershed Atlas of Haryana State is useful for watershed

management programmers at village level for the government and non-government

organizations.

Keywords: Geo-spatial, watershed, geo-informatics, hydrologic entity

1. Introduction

The Soil, water, and forest vegetation are the three most precious natural resources for the

sustenance of mankind. This protective shield of the land is being disturbed by our

interference, making soil susceptible to detachment and transportation. Rivers are the main

source of surface water in India, so efficient and economic exploitation of these water

resources is essential not only for agriculture but also required for survival of the mankind.

Watershed constitutes the natural spatial frame for harnessing and utilizing the watershed

resources surface and sub-soil and improving the moisture retentively of land. Planning of

watershed development depends on their scientific delineation and codification (AISLUS,

1990). The watershed of a river system is an ideal unit for the development of agriculture.

Sub-watersheds and micro-watersheds are manageable units for development and

administration. Watershed management is proper utilization of water and land resources for

optimum production with minimum hazard to natural resources. It is related to soil and water

conservation in the watershed (Tideman, 2000).

Integrated watershed management has been adopted as a part of the National Water Policy

(NWP, 2002) for the conservation of natural resources. In order to achieve food security,

minimize water conflicts and reduce poverty the need to enhance productivity of rainfed

systems by harnessing the existing potential being recognized as a need of the day (Wani et

al., 2003) Accordingly, enhanced emphasis placed on ensuring that the local level users

Development of micro–watershed atlas of Haryana state- a citizen centric Perspective

Gahlod N.S et al.,

International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences

Volume 7 Issue 2, 2016 212

participate in the planning and management of the natural resources at the watershed level

through the “Haryalli” Guidelines of the Ministry of Rural Development, (MoRL, 2004). The

Core Principles of Watershed Management are 1) Watersheds are natural systems that we can

work with 2) It’s a support structure, making it easier to coordinate efforts a structure made

of agreed upon standard operating procedures, timelines, and forums for communication 3)

Watershed Management is continuous and needs a multidisciplinary approach 4) A watershed

management framework supports partnering, taking well-planned actions using sound

scientific technique, and achieving results.

Watershed development has been a proven tool for natural resources management in the

country. Various schemes are in operation under different ministries and departments for

development of soil, water and forest resources considering watershed as a hydrological unit.

However, increasing biotic pressure and over-exploitation of natural resources for

agricultural and nonagricultural items production lead to accelerated soil erosion and

destabilizing the natural eco-system as well. India’s food production depends mostly on

groundwater potential. The states like Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan develop more than

100% ground water and utilized the fullest extent and have contributed a major share in the

country’s total food production.

The NRAA (2011) highlighted the fact that rural livelihoods can be improved through

participatory watershed development with a focus on integrated farming systems for

enhancing income, productivity, and livelihood security in a sustainable manner. The Web

and GIS-based dissemination tools offer a great deal in integrated watershed management

philosophy that incorporates Blue and Green water integrating methodologies (Gosain and

Rao, 2004). The Geographic Information System (GIS) attained a prominent position among

the computer tools for decision support of problems with a spatial dimension. This

technology has been now universally accepted as a very versatile and powerful technology

for monitoring and management of the natural resources.

The data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare, Government of India shows

around 156 million hectares (mha) (about 49 percent of the total geographical area) as the

cultivated acreage. In terms of spatial distribution about 53 mha irrigated, 90 mha rainfed and

14 mha of a fallow area. The forest area is estimated to be 68 mha (22 percent). An estimate

further puts the degraded land at 174 mha (53 percent) of the 329 mha of the geographical

area. The majority of this area 107 mha is degraded on account of water erosion, whereas the

contribution of other factors to land degradation include: wind erosion 17.79 mha, degraded

forests 19.49 mha, water logging 8.52 mha, shifting cultivation 4.91 mha, and salt affected

areas 3.97 mha (Sharma, 2002).

The watershed development program is, therefore, considered as an effective tool for

addressing many of these problems and recognized as a potential engine for agricultural

growth and development in fragile and marginal rain-fed areas (Joshi et al.

2005;).Sustainability of the watershed development programme depends on with the use of a

scientific database for planning purposes. It should provide basic information comprising

various categories of hydrologic units, their prioritization with respect to the objective of the

program and terrain characteristics for evolving strategy by policy makers. Subsequently, the

detailed database of soil and land characteristics is required for preparation of working plan at

a micro level. In this context, governance is considered to be the range of political, social,

economic and administrative systems that are in place to develop and manage land and water

resources and the delivery of water services at different levels of society.


Gahlod N.S et al.,



The importance of scientific database for natural resources management is an established fact,

but the affinity to use the same is limited that caused all developmental activities short-lived.

The advent of modern tools in the acquisition of real-time data on soil and land attributes,

storage and creation of a digital spatial database and their dissemination to the user

communities has facilitated the problems related to the inadequacy of optimal database for

natural resource management. The administrative boundaries of governance systems do not

match spatially with the physical boundaries of land and water systems, and should be taken

into account within Integrated Land and Water Resource Management ILWRM (Calder et al,

2004). The micro-watershed is similar to the cadastral level defined earlier and one need to

address the field and plot level as well if the objective is to address the livelihoods.

1.1 Historical perspective of watershed development programs

Organized governmental efforts initiated during 1930’s under the banner of dry farming

research had a substantial component of watershed management. After independence in

1947, five-year plans were initiated to address all development issues. A variety of

programmes was created to tackle problems like soil erosion, soil moisture depletion, runoff,

deforestation, etc. In 1949-50, a multidisciplinary soil conservation department was set up at

Hazaribagh under the Damodar Valley Corporation for watershed management and land

reclamation. The Central Soil Conservation Board established in 1954. In the First Five Year

Plan (1951-56), a chain of Soil Conservation Research, Demonstration and Training Centres

was established in 1954. These centres were reorganized under Central Soil & Water

Conservation Research and Training Institute (CSWCRTI), Dehradun in 1974.

The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare launched Soil conservation scheme in

river valley projects in 1961-62 for watershed protection in 27 catchments. Watershed

technologies were first demonstrated in actual field settings through integrated watershed

management techniques in the mid-seventies through the Operational Research Projects

(ORPs) on watersheds by CSWCRTI. During the year 1980-81, watershed programs were

initiated for Flood Prone Rivers by Agriculture Ministry. Forty-seven model watersheds

were developed in different agro-ecological regions of the country in 1983 jointly by the

Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute (CSWCRTI),

Dehradun and Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad of

the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, in collaboration with State Governments and

State Agricultural Universities. The Ministry of Rural Development has developed a number

of projects in 1987-89 like DPAP, DDP, and IWDP to address the needs of the backward

and needy regions using a watershed approach. Ministry of Agriculture has developed

NWDPRA during the eighth plan, a watershed to treat rainfed areas.

Western Ghats Development Programme of Union Planning Commission spreads over an

area of 16 M ha in the States of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala also

started following integrated watershed-based approach since 1987-88 for eco-restoration

including Hill Area Development Programme (HADP). The World Bank, DANIDA, EEC,

Indo-German, Indo-Swiss and Japanese aided Watershed Projects were also initiated as

externally funded watershed programmes. Apart from these national/international level

programmes, a number of State Governments sponsored and NGOs supported watershed

programmes were subsequently started during the eighties and nineties. In 1994 Dharia

committee was constituted to study wasteland development and had analyzed and

recommended that SWC encompass degraded and non-degraded lands, insisted on more

integrated watershed development and the need for a single agency to address all


Gahlod N.S et al.,



conservation issues. Ministry of Rural Development had revised the guidelines of

Hanumantha Rao committee (1995) for watershed selection by implementing HARIYALI

guidelines in 2004 that were simpler to follow.

In summary, the watershed development programme in India has evolved through various

stages. The first generation programmes were highly centralized, with major emphasis on

technical aspects. The second generation projects were redesigned with community

participation as the central theme, together with major decentralization of procedures and an

emphasis on indigenous technologies. The projects taken up during the second generation

addresses the sustainability concerns to a large extent and also paid attention to institutional

and technology issues related to efficient management of water resources.

1.2 Watershed approach in Government programmes

To meet the growing needs of the human and animal population, soil and water conservation

measures on a large scale are required. During the First and Fifth five-year plan, the

watershed approach got wider acceptance and included more programmes. A national policy

was adopted to use watersheds of various sizes for the development of land and water

resources for production as well as conservation. The selection of watersheds and its

development to be done based priority and severity of their problems. Each watershed is

studied and the practices of land and watershed developments are applied to fit not only the

physical situation but also the people’s needs. About 5000 detailed project reports are

prepared for identifying micro-watersheds (Tideman, 2004).

1.2.1 Watershed atlas of India

The concept of a watershed as the planning unit for the development of land and water

resources has been available for long, but the watershed approach has gained importance

since 1974.Realizing the needs of user departments and implementing agencies, the AISLUS

(1990) developed a system for delineating and codifying the catchment area into smaller

hydrologic units. The first edition of the Watershed Atlas of India on 1: 1 million scale in

the year 1990. This Atlas followed a framework of representing hydrologic units of various

sizes with unique codes. This Atlas also introduced a National Level Delineation and

Codification system of Watershed with a hierarchal system.

The demand for digital spatial data for effective implementation of all land-based

development programmes necessitated preparation of an updated, revised and digital version

of Watershed Atlas of India. The second edition of the Watershed Atlas of India developed

and updated with a digital version on 1: 1 million scales. This Digital Atlas provides a spatial

distribution of Water Resource Regions, Basins, Catchments, Sub-catchments and

Watersheds on 1 : 1 million scales, including statistical information on area coverage of each

hydrologic unit falling in different states and districts, rivers and streams. This Atlas contains

76 map plates on 1 is to 1 million scale accompanied by the Compendium of Watersheds,

comprising 6 Water Resource Regions, 37 Basins, 117 Catchments, 588 Sub-catchments and

3851 watersheds codified in a systematic alphanumeric manner. It also provides

methodological details, useful guidance on the utilization of the Atlas for locating the

watersheds and obtaining their extents with the corresponding administrative units.


Gahlod N.S et al.,



1.3 Need for Development of micro watershed atlas

One important observation emerging from various experiences and past efforts in watershed

development is that home expertise is available in the country to address all dimensions of

watershed development, but the line departments prepare their own plans and often there is

no inter-department coordination. Secondly, people’s participation and social perspectives are

absent and thirdly, there is an absence of a database of natural resources such as hydrology,

land, and water at micro-watershed level i.e. at large scale in various river basins of the

country. Therefore, there is need of a national policy framework, essentially required for

bringing uniformity in the execution of watershed development and evaluation to study the

impact of watershed schemes.

At present, the watershed codification up to the micro-watershed level for the whole country

is not complete. Action plans in most cases are not prepared on scientific basis using natural

resource data developed using high-resolution satellite data on a large scale survey (1:10,000

scales). The watershed monitoring and impact assessment is not done in most of the

watersheds. This leads to a somewhat haphazard approach to treatment and monitoring.

Considering these facts and responding to the consistent demand for the national framework

of Micro watersheds by the user agencies in standardized formats, Soil and Land Use Survey

of India (SLUSI). Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of

India has developed a methodology for systematic delineation and codification for

generation of micro watershed atlas with 1:50,000 scale with interactive web-based display

development which would not require expensive GIS software to provide micro watershed-

wise information to the local user department via the Internet to prepare the action plan for

an area of interest.

2. Development of micro-watershed atlas of Haryana

This paper discuss in details about development of digital micro watershed atlas of Haryana

state with the objectives of a) Development of State-wise Digital Micro–watershed Atlas

of Haryana using GIS using systematic delineation and codification system b) To provide the

Distinct Spatial Extent and Unique National Code to every micro-watershed of the state c)

For creation of Citizen-centric Platform for Promoting Use of Geospatial Information at

local Level through interactive using ICT structure

2.1 Methodology

The study has been carried out using materials 1) Digital Watershed Atlas of India (Million

scale) 2) Survey of India (SOI) Topographical Map (1:50,000) scale 3) Workstation 4) Arc-

GIS Software. The state micro-watershed framework has been developed from a database

generated by the organization out in 1:50,000 scale. The steps involved in the preparation of

state micro watershed atlas for watershed development planning are: a) Preparation of

drainage map: The drainage map prepared from tracing out drainage from a survey of

toposheet in 1: 50,000 scale b) Delineation and Codification of Hydrologic Units.

The SLUSI has initiated delineation and codification of hydrologic units in the country, since

launching of Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Soil and Water Conservation in the catchments

of River Valley Project during III Five-Year Plan. The delineation of a hydrologic unit is

carried out following hierarchical system of rivers/streams based on drainage network. The


Gahlod N.S et al.,



codification of hydrologic unit is made to assign a unique code to all hydrologic units

following Alfa-numeric Codification System. These are natural hydrologic entities that cover

a specific aerial extent of land from which rainwater flows to a defined gully, stream or river

of a particular point. The size of the watershed is dependent on the size of interception of the

stream or river and the drainage density and its distribution. The drainage network helps in

the delineation of a watershed for a particular river system. “Watershed Atlas of India”

published Soil and Land Use Survey of India, Ministry of Agriculture and farmers welfare,

Govt. of India (1990) which is brought into the digital environment in (2012), has been

referred for delineation and codification up to watershed level. The further classification

starting from sub¬-watershed to micro-watershed at Figure 2 is done following the guidelines

of Watershed Atlas of India over the drainage network as prepared using SOI toposheets.

2.1.1 Stages of delineation

Systematic Hierarchical System of delineation and codification of micro-watersheds have

been carried out starting from biggest to a smallest hydrological unit. The river basin of the

country was taken as geographic reference and the systematic delineation of the entire river

systems. The whole of India was delineated into six Water Resources Regions (Khosla,

1994):

Region1 : Indus Drainage

Region2 : Ganges Drainage

Region 3 : Brahmaputra Drainage

Region 4 : All Drainage flowing into the Bay of Bengal except those at 2 and 3

Region 5 : All Drainage flowing into the Arabian Sea except that at 1

Region 6 : The Ephemeral drainage in Rajasthan

2 Each Water Resource Region is divided into different basins to include all drainage

systems of a river into one basin. In some of the cases, where the drainage systems are too

large, drainage systems of a river has been delineated into more than one basin to divide

the river into upper and lower basins and/or left the bank and right bank basins.

3 The basins are further sub-divided into a number of catchments, which mostly pertain to

main tributaries or a group of contiguous small tributaries or individual streams.

4 As the fourth stage of delineation, each catchment is further divided into a number of sub-

catchments, which are mainly smaller tributaries and streamlets.

5 Each sub-catchment is bifurcated into a number of watersheds which is considered as the

smallest hydrologic entity in the 1:1M scale map.

Thus, delineation has been done in 7 stages starting with Water Resource Regions (WRR)

and their subsequent division into Basins, Catchments, Sub-catchments and Watersheds on

1:1 M scale Digital Watershed Atlas of India published by Soil and Land Use Survey India

(Anon, 2012). Since the size of a watershed delineated at 1:1 Million scale Watershed Atlas

of India has varied from 20 K ha to 100 K ha and the micro-watersheds would have an area

of about 500 ha. As it is well known, a watershed is a natural Geo-hydrological unit, which

drains into a common point.

The actual area of a micro-watershed may vary keeping in view biophysical conditions, shape,

size and drainage density will be much more useful than considering the basin as a whole. In

view of the working feasibility of the implementing agency and with the objectives of

identifying and recognizing each micro watershed with distinct spatial extent, the watersheds

are further sub-divided into sub-watersheds and micro-watersheds considering the lower

order of drainage so that the area of the hydrologic unit would be viable for any watershed


Gahlod N.S et al.,



development schemes. The delineation of sub-watersheds and micro-watersheds are carried

on 1:50,000 scale by maintaining the watershed boundaries and codes of Watershed Atlas of

India (2012). The SLUSI has fixed the average size of the micro-watersheds approximately in

the range of 500-1500 ha considering biophysical and geographical limitations.

2.1.2 Codification System

The micro-watershed with the distinct spatial extent has been symbolized with Unique

National Code. The codification system provides the unique national code to each micro-

watershed without losing its identity of higher level delineation such as catchments and basin.

The different stages of delineation mentioned above have been codified in a systematic way,

alternating with Arabic numerals, English capital, and small alphabets as follows:

1) Water Resources Regions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

2) Basins A, B, C, D, E, F …………

3) Catchments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ……, 9

4) Sub-Catchments A, B, C, D, E, F, G …………

5) Watersheds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6……, 9

6) Sub-watersheds a, b, c, d, f, g……… (except e, i, l and o)

7) Micro watersheds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8……………

Thus, a micro-watershed, which is designated as 5D5A6b1connotes,

5 : Region (Rivers flowing into the Arabian Sea)

5D : Basin (Narmada)

5D5 : Catchment (Tawa confluence of Marble rocks left bank of Narmada)

5D5A : Sub-catchment (Tawa confluence to Denwa)

5D5A6 : Watershed (Sonbhadra)

5D5A6b : Sub-watershed

5D5A6b1 : Micro-watershed

2.2 Criteria for delineation and codification

Delineation and codification of hydrologic units are governed by the intrinsic complexity of

the drainage network. Therefore, certain criteria have been developed by SLUSI for

systematic delineation and codification of hydrologic units. During delineation, maximum

effort should be given to dividing the drainage system of a river/stream into upper and lower

systems and the hydrologic unit covering lower drainage systems are codified first, followed

by the hydrologic unit covering higher drainage systems. The hydrologic unit boundary

should be drawn in such a way that the same boundary should follow the ridge line (highest

contour point) of two drainage systems and should not cross any major drainage lines.

If delineation could not be done by following upper and lower delineation system, then

delineation and codification should be done following left-right-left approach. Thus the

hydrologic unit located on the left bank of the river/stream is codified first, followed by the

hydrologic unit located on the right and then again left and so on. Boundary of two

hydrologic units located on the left and the right bank of a major river should pass through

the midway line of the river channel, whereas the drainage line of a minor river/stream

depicted by a single line on the Survey of India (SOI) toposheet will represent as the

boundary of the two hydrologic units located on left and right bank of the major river /stream.

While following a left-right-left rule, it is to be kept in mind that the delineation and

codification of the entire drainage system of a river/stream located on the left bank should be


Gahlod N.S et al.,



completed first before considering other drainage/tributaries of a river/stream located on the

right bank. The discrete drainage system should be kept as a separate entity. Direct draining

river/stream should be separated from the rest of the drainage network of a big river.

However, these rules may be modified during the course of delineation and codification

depending on the heterogeneity/complexity of the concerned drainage network.

2.3 Preparation of hydrologic unit layer

Toposheet-wise base maps are prepared onto 75-micron tracing film. To prepare base maps /

line maps for different layers, all grid lines of toposheets along with geographic coordinates

is transferred onto tracing film using 0.2 mm rotating black ink pen. Drainage maps were

initially prepared by tracing all drainage lines available on 1:50,000 Survey of India

Toposheets onto 75-micron tracing film. These maps were used as base maps for delineation

and codification of hydrologic units. On the drainage maps, catchment, sub-catchment and

watershed boundaries of Watershed Atlas of India (2012) were initially transferred. Sub-

watersheds and micro-watersheds were then systematically delineated and codified following

the methodology developed by Soil & Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI).After finalization

of delineation and codification, the boundaries of Hydrologic Units (HU) were transferred

onto 75-micron tracing film to prepare single theme line maps pertaining to HU. The line

maps are also scanned to generate digital layer using GIS software.

2.4 Development of digital database

In emerging technology paradigm, “Geographical Information System (GIS)” has emerged as

a powerful tool which has a potential to organize complex spatial environment with tabular

relationships A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool for mapping

and analyzing feature events on earth.

The GIS used extensively in digitization of micro-watershed atlas development. It requires

basic physical characteristics of a watershed such as the drainage network and flows path

derived from the readily available Survey of India Toposheets in 1:50,000 scales which has

been extensively used to generate drainage Dataset (DR). The most important part is an

accurate delineation of micro-watershed, which is the accuracy of the data source used. In

this study, topographic data from Survey of India toposheets of 1:50,000 scale in the form of

contours used for drawing of watershed and micro-watershed boundary and confirmed with

BHUVAN available at http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/, standard DEM open source data of 30

meter interval and the LISS-III Remote sensing data have also been explored in GIS for

increasing the accuracy in the delineation of a micro-watersheds.

Accurate delineation of a watershed plays an extremely important role in the management of

the watershed. The delineated boundaries form the nucleus around which the management

efforts such as land use, land change, soil types, geology and river flows are analyzed and

appropriate conclusions were drawn. First, the drainage data created in digital format after

scanning of drainage line map and Geo-referencing of raster TIFF formats, it is followed by

raster to vector conversion in shapefile format in polyline feature class and were projected in

India_Everest_1937 using India_Nepal datum in a geographic coordinate system. Thereafter

the delineated watersheds line map also digitized in the same fashion here identity of each

hydrological stage viz. Basin, catchment, Watershed, etc. were protected by providing

unique line ID to every segment to the stage it belongs. Topology analysis was made after

exporting feature data set in a Geodatabase format to from the spatial relation between the


Gahlod N.S et al.,



different stages of delineation and to protect the identity of each stage of delineation and also

remove the nodes within every segment. The topology layer, then again exported to shapefile

as clean polyline feature which is used for converting to polygon feature using conversion

tool and every micro-watershed code then added by creating a new field in polygon feature.

The area, details of each micro-watershed generated out of projected polygon feature with

polyconic projection using the Arc-Map projection utility. The digital spatial database is

created from the maps which have been generated through delineation and codification of

micro watershed. The steps involved in preparation of digital spatial database is explained in

Figure 1.

3. Results and discussion

The systematic delineation and codification of micro watersheds in the state of Haryana

resulted in the formation of 799 sub watersheds and 5264 Micro watersheds each one of

these are having distinct spatial extent and unique national code. The average size of

delineation is in the range of 200 ha to 2,380 ha. The details of distribution of these

watersheds and micro-watersheds in different districts are given in Table- 1 and 2.

Table 1: Hydrological distribution of watersheds in Haryana state

Sr.

No. WRR Basin Catchment

Sub-

catchments Watersheds

1

Region 1-

Indus

Drainage

1A 1A1 1A1B,

1A1D 1A1B6, 1A1D1

2

Region 2-

Ganges

Drainage

2C

2C5

2C5D 2C5D1,2C5D3,2C5D4, 2C5D5, 2C5D6

2C5E 2C5E1, 2C5E2,

2C5F 2C5F1, 2C5F2, 2C5F3, 2C5F4, 2C5F5,

2C5F6, 2C5F7, 2C5F8, 2C5F9

2C5G 2C5G1, C5G2,2C5G3 2C5G4, 2C5G6

2C5H 2C5H1,2C5H2,2C5H4

2C5J 2C5J1, 2C5J2

2C6 2C6B 2C6B1,

2C6C 2C6C1, 2C6C3, 2C6C4

3

Region 6:

The

Ephemeral

drainage

area

6D

6D1

6D1E 6D1E1, 6D1E2 6D1E3, 6D1E4, 6D1E5,

6D1E6, 6D1E 7, 6D1E 8, 6D1E9

6D1F 6D1F1, 6D1F2, 6D1F3, 6D1F4, 6D1F5,

6D1F6

6D2

6D2A 6D2A9,

6D2B 6D2B1, 6D2B2, 6D2B3, 6D2B7,

6D2C 6D2C2, 6D2C3, 6D2C4, 6D2C5,

6D2C6, 6D2C8, 6D2C9

6D2D

6D2D1,6D2D2, 6D2D3, 6D2D4,

6D2D5 6D2D6, 6D2D7, 6D2D8,

6D2D9


Gahlod N.S et al.,



Table 2: District-wise distribution of micro-watersheds in the Haryana state

District Regi

on

Basi

n

Catchme

nt Code

Sub-catch

Code

Watersh

ed

Number

s

Sub-

watersh

ed

Number

s

Micro

Watersh

ed

Number

s

Area

(Ha )

AMBALA 6 6D 6D2 6D2D 6 54 271 145399

BHIWANI 2 2C 2C5 2C5F, 2C5G 8 81 513 461901

6 6D 6D1 6D1E, 6D1F

FARIDABAD 2 2C 2C5 2C5D, 2C5E,

2C5F 6 24 112 78791

2C6 2C6B, 2C6C

FATEHABAD 6 6D 6D1 6D1E 7 57 314 242428

6D2 6D2C

GURGAON 2 2C 2C5 2C5D, 2C5E,

2C5F, 2C5G 7 41 214 120865

HISAR 6 6D 6D1 6D1E, 6D1F 7 71 479 417058

6D2 6D2C

JHAJJAR 2 2C 2C5 2C5F, 2C5G 7 54 288 192117

JIND 2 2C 2C5 2C5F 9 62 351 275761

6 6D 6D1 6D1E, 6D1F

6D2 6D2C, 6D2D

KAITHAL 6 6D 6D1 6D1F 9 53 309 228420

6D2 6D2C, 6D2D

KARNAL 2 2C 2C5

2C6

2C5F, 2C5J

2C6C 7 50 303 248423

6 6D 6D1

6D2

6D1F

6D2D

KURUKSHET

RA 2 2C 2C5 2C5J 11 53 277 167624

6 6D 6D1

6D2

6D1F

6D2D

MAHENDRAG

ARH 2 2C 2C5 2C5G, 2C5H 9 61 326 193882

6 6D 6D1 6D1E

MEWAT 2 2C 2C5

2C5D, 2C5E,

2C5F, 2C5G,

2C5H

9 58 309 165190

PALWAL 2 2C 2C5 2C5D, 2C5E 4 33 177 124330

PANCHKULA 1 1A 1A1 1A1B, 1A1D 9 43 200 90933

6 6D 6D2 6D2B, 6D2C,

6D2D

PANIPAT 2 2C 2C5

2C6

2C5F

2C5J, 2C6C 6 29 156 126414

REWARI 2 2C 2C5 2C5G, 2C5H 6 40 208 152439

ROHTAK 2 2C 2C5 2C5F 7 40 211 167289

6 6D 6D1 6D1F

SIRSA 6 6D 6D1 6D1E 8 81 470 420171


Gahlod N.S et al.,



District Regi

on

Basi

n

Catchme

nt Code

Sub-catch

Code

Watersh

ed

Number

s

Sub-

watersh

ed

Number

s

Micro

Watersh

ed

Number

s

Area

(Ha )

6D2 6D2A, 6D2B,

6D2C

SONIPAT 2 2C 2C5

2C6

2C5F, 2C5J

2C6C 8 53 279 218576

6 6D 6D1 6D1F

YAMUNA

NAGAR 2 2C

2C5

2C6

2C5J

2C6C 7 52 285 172230

6 6D 6D1

6D2

6D1F

6D2D

Total area of the State 44,10,2

41

4. Platform-Free micro watershed atlas

The objective is to develop a platform free micro-watershed atlas is to develop a

dissemination plan at micro / a village level. However, the villagers may not have hardware

and GIS software to view the extent and code of micro watershed of their village area. Thus

the development of platform-free spatial database concept has been promoted by the Ministry

of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, platform-free means the spatial

data converted into image format and it is available on the website through HTML for

dissemination to the local users. It would enable people to select the micro-watershed area

per their interest and take a print out for water resource development using SLUSI website

namely http://slusi.dacnet.nic.in. The platform is developed using various softwares such as

Arc GIS, QGIS, Macromedia Fireworks, Java script, python script and HTML .A procedure

to view the Micro Watershed Atlas of Haryana (MWAH) is illustrated in Figure 2, shows the

Haryna.html file having Haryana state map, namely Harayana-state.png ( image file format)

and hyper link shows the href attribute that specifies the link's destination namely

Panchakula.html file to show watersheds on the Panchakula district map. After clicking in

the Panchakula, it shows a Panchakula district map as punchakula.png (image file format)

and hyperlinks to watersheds of this district. Similar links provided up to the Micro-

watershed level.

4.1 Utilization and social impact

The digital micro-watershed atlas of Haryana State can be used by Central and State

Governments, research institution, universities and non-government organizations (NGO)

towards the formulation of soil and water conservation working plans. The platform-free

access of micro-watershed atlas helps the people to get access to the Georeferenced

information in the form of the name and spatial extent of micro-watersheds with drainage and

village name and extent but also concerned state implementing agency can prepare a working

plan using this unique code.


Gahlod N.S et al.,



Figure 2: An example for how to access Platform free Micro-watershed Atlas of Haryana

Figure 1: Development of digital Geo-spatial database


Gahlod N.S et al.,



5. Conclusions

This paper discussed on the development of Micro-Watershed Atlas of Haryana State

(MAHS) in 1: 50,000 scale. Digital Watershed Atlas of India developed by the organization

on 1: 1000 K forms the base for a watershed database for delineation and codification. The

MAHS consists of three catchments namely 2C, 6D and 1A under three water resource

regions, namely 1, 2 and 6, which is further subdivided into five catchments namely 6D1,

6D2, 2C5, 2C6, and 1A1. It has 799 sub-watersheds and 5264 Micro watersheds. Each one of

these is having distinct spatial extent and unique national code. Adopted a procedure, namely

platform-free MAHS, through which anyone can view micro-watershed atlas according to

their area of interest for watershed management without GIS software. The platform-free

explained along with an example as Punchakula district.The development of MAHS is useful

for watershed management programmers at village level for the government and non-

government organizations.

6. References

1. Calder, I.R., Batchelor, C., Quibell, G., Gosain, A., Jewitt, G., Amezaga, J., Hope, R.,

James, P., Garratt, J., Simpson, E, ( 2004). Global Governance of Water and the Blue

Revolution - Can we achieve better outcomes from land and water policies?

International Symposium: Global Governance of Water - Water and Human Security,

Tokyo, Japan.

2. Gosain, A. K., and Sandhya Rao (2004), GIS-based Technologies for Watershed

Management, Current Science, 87 (7), pp 948-953.

3. Joshi PK, Jha AK, Wani SP, Joshi L and Shiyani RL. (2005), Meta-analysis to assess

impact of watershed program and people’s participation. Research Report 8,

Comprehensive Assessment of watershed management in agriculture. International

Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics and Asian Development Bank. 21

pp

4. MoRD, Guidelines for “Haryalli”, (2004).

5. NRAA (2011 ), Common Guidelines for Watershed Development Projects– 2008,

Revised edition 2011, National Rain-fed Area Authority, Planning Commission, GoI,

New Delhi, p.2.

6. NWP (National Water Policy) (2002), Ministry of Water Resources, Government of

India.

7. Sharma, Rita,( 2002). Development of Land for Sustainable Agricultural Production.

In Principles and Practices of Integrated Watershed Management in India. (Ed) Guy

Honore. Published by Indo-German Bilateral Project ‘Watershed Management).

8. Tideman.E.M (2000). Watershed Management – Guilde lies for Indian Conditions,

Omega Scientific Publishers. New Delhi.

9. WAI (1990). Watershed Atlas of India (WAI). All India Soil and Land Use Survey

(AISLUS), Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi.


Gahlod N.S et al.,



10. WAI (2012). Watershed Atlas of India (WAI). Soil and Land Use Survey of India

(SLUSI), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Governmnet of India.

11. Wani SP, Pathak P, Sreedevi TK, Singh HP, and Singh P, (2003), Efficient

Management of rainwater for Increased Crop Productivity and Groundwater Recharge

in Asia. In: Kijne W, Barker R and Molden D (eds.) Water productivity in agriculture:

Limits and opportunities for improvement. Cab International, Wallingford, UK, pp

199-216.

Documents

Development of micro–watershed ... - Integrated Publish · Integrated watershed management has been adopted as a part of the National Water Policy (NWP, 2002) for the conservation