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20km

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Development of Miniature 3D Hypocenter Model

Yoshimitsu OKADA

Strategic Planning Department,National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Japan

okada@bosai.go.jp

Abstract

Miniature size pseudo three dimensional hypocenter model was developed for the purpose of education to the public to help their understanding of earthquake environment of their residential area. The model is constructed under the policy of handiness, light-weighted, easiness of construction and cheapness. A fl oppy-disk case in market is utilized as an outer casing and 20pieces of plastic frame were newly manufactured to hold 1 map and 20hypocenter distribution data divided by given depth ranges.

Completed model has an approximate size of 10cm square and 5cm thickness with a weight of 145g. Total cost to make a model could be restrained as low as 670yen. Actually, nine models within three categories were manufactured for trial. The fi rst category, local, includes Tokyo Metropolis, Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe, and Tokai. They cover the area of about 200km square and 80km depth with a resolution of 4km in depth. The second category, regional, includes Hokkaido, Tohoku, central Japan, and west Japan. They cover the area of about 600km square and 240km depth with a resolution of 12km in depth. The last category, nation-wide, includes Japan Islands and Southwestern Islands. They cover the area of about 1,750km square and 700km depth with a resolution of 35km in depth.

Key words : 3D model, Hypocenter distribution, Earthquake environment, Plastic case

1989

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2

Inoue and Yamaoka, 1986

250km

1 / 50 1m 50cm100km

5km 10km35

100

2. 3D3D

10cm

1 1

1500

1 1

10 cm OHP20

Zd

s d / ZH W

H / s W / s n n Z

1 2 OHP

21

2mm 0.2mm 2mm 21100mm 42.2mm 3mm 4

2100mm 106mm 1mm 3mm

97mm 103mm OHP21 1 20

2

0.2 mm

1mm4 1

MO 73.5 FD 12

MFD3.5-10PW101 H104 D47mm W95 H100

D43mm 72g 1002

2mm 2021 OHP OHP

1 OHP　　　　Fig. 1 OHP sheets container with a slit wall.

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3

0.1mm 42.1mm

1mm 94 99mm2.5mm

1 160 8001 10

10　OHP

MFD3.5-10P10cm 10cm 5cm

OHP 99mm 94mm1 A4 6

OHP 2mmOHP 20

OHP Z1

3.

4km 312km 4

/ / / / 35km2

1 / 2001 / 600 1 / 1,750 1

20

1983 2002 20

M1.5 M2.0 M2.5M

7 6

23

65,91519,614 22,298 32,838 54,488

/ / 71,734 / / 28,943112,517 39,690

4. 3D

21 OHP

2

4.1　OHP

4.1.194 99mm 2mm

OHP

4 520

2 MFD3.5-10PFig. 2 A fl oppy case in market (MFD3.5-10P) and plastic frames.

1　　　Table 1 Displayed range for a given depth division.

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3 3D　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Fig. 3 Coverage of each 3D hypocenter model.

2 3D　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Table 2 Constants for each 3D hypocenter model.

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5

4.1.2 2 94 99mm 2

3mm 2mm OHP

10

2 4

4.2　10 cm OHP

4.2.11

OHP5

IC IC140-1700-SS4

IC 2mm2.54mm 17

43.5 2.3mm0.8mm

0.9mm 4mm

OHP 1

ICOHP

0.8mm2mm

IC 100400 4 1,600

4.2.2 OHPOHP

6 ab c

OHP

21 OHP

6 b c38

OHP

6 aOHP

4　Fig. 4 Acryl plate type (left) and acryl frame type (right).

5 ICFig. 5　A model which IC sockets are attached inside the container.

6 (a) (b) (c)Fig. 6 (a)slit attachment, (b)apply to corner, (c)apply to center.

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7

4.2.3 OHPOHP

OHP

8

8

OHP

120 10cm 1

A4 OHP 64 A4 OHP

1 A4 OHP

9 a

9 b

9 a bb 3

3

5. 3D

7

Fig. 7　A model which attachments are adhered at corner (left) or at the central edge (right) of OHP sheets.

8

Fig. 8 A model which OHP sheets are connected with threads through attachments at corner (left) or the central edge (right).

9 OHP (a) (b)Fig. 9 Layout of fi gures with (a)separated and (b)connected

confi gurations on an OHP sheet.

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7

2

103D

5.11

MFD3.5-10P 101 104 47mm95 100 43mm 72g 100

2094

99mm 2.5mm 2mm 2.5g 23OHP 4

1 20 9499 0.1mm

A4 OHP1 20 25

1 2098

25mm A4 201 120 1

61 3D

6705.2

10OHP 20

20

6.

16 2Workshop on Seismic

Activity and Probabilities of Major Earthquakes in the Kanto and Tokai area, central Japan

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3 3D　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Table 3 Merit and demerit of each model.

10　　　　　　Fig. 10 How to construct the model.

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4 17

9

118 6618 / / 17

15 11 99 6 269

OHP

1 Inoue, H. and K. Yamaoka 1986 Three-dimensional miniature earthquake distribution, Tectonophysics, 122, 115-122.

2 1989 LED3 .

No.1 17p.2004 2 27

3D

9

20 OHP20 10cm 5cm 145g 6703D

200km 4km 80km 3600km 12km 240km / / / /

1,750km 35km 700km 2

3D