Development of Salt Tolerance in Rice Through Marker Assisted

Selection

Tin Tin Myint, and Thida

Department of Agricultural Research (DAR), Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw

Myanmar

27th April 2009

IntroductionIntroduction

National GoalNational Goal -To increase rice production -To increase rice production for for local consumption and local consumption and exportexport

Total rice area of Myanmar - 7 m/ha (2007)Total rice area of Myanmar - 7 m/ha (2007)

National Average YieldNational Average Yield - 3.7t/ha - 3.7t/ha

Rice area distribution based on different eco-systemRice area distribution based on different eco-system-Irrigated lowland -Irrigated lowland

-Rainfed lowland-Rainfed lowland-Drought prone-Drought prone-Flood prone-Flood prone

-Salt affected area -Salt affected area

Rice area distribution based on Rice area distribution based on different eco-systemdifferent eco-system

Favorable lowland rice Favorable lowland rice 20%20%

Favorable rainfed lowland rice Favorable rainfed lowland rice 48%48%

Unfavorable rainfed lowland riceUnfavorable rainfed lowland rice32%32% Salt Affected AreaSalt Affected Area 5% 5%

Problems for Salt Affected AreaProblems for Salt Affected Area

Lower YieldLower Yield Use of local varietiesUse of local varieties Poor grain and eating qualityPoor grain and eating quality Red grainRed grain Logging typeLogging type

ObjectivesObjectives

To transfer the salt tolerant QTLs into popular rice To transfer the salt tolerant QTLs into popular rice variety Sin Thwe Latt (IR56936-60-3-2-3-1) by variety Sin Thwe Latt (IR56936-60-3-2-3-1) by developing line conversion through Marker Assisted developing line conversion through Marker Assisted SelectionSelection

ExpectationExpectation

To increase rice production for salt affected target To increase rice production for salt affected target area by use of salt tolerant Sin Thwe Latt improved area by use of salt tolerant Sin Thwe Latt improved lineslines

Scientific Activities

Fig1-B. Breeding Program of Salt Tolerance Rice improvement （ 2003 － 2008）

Evaluation for Yield Performance Test in Yezin, Meikhtila and Myaungmya

GCP&BIOTEC MAS

Year

× BC3F4IR53936

BC3F4(77plts )

BC3F3(245lines)

MAS

2006WS

2007DS

2007WS

2007WS

2008DS

2008WS

No. of families

17

17

10

8 , 42

BC4F1

BC4F2MAS

BC3F4

BC3F5

15(56lines)

17

Marker Assisted Selection on different generations of Marker Assisted Selection on different generations of IR53936 x Pokkali introgression lines 2007-2009IR53936 x Pokkali introgression lines 2007-2009

Training Training GenerationGeneration Marker Used Marker Used Year Year TestedTested

Tested Tested Samples Samples plantsplants

Selected Selected plantsplants

Genotype Genotype groupgroup

11stst trainingtraining

BC3F4BC3F4 SalT, SalT, RM 472RM 472

2007 2007 May May

188188 188 188

7777 --

Homo PKHomo PKMono Mono

22ndnd trainingtraining

BC4F1BC4F1 SalTSalT 2007 2007 Nov.Nov.

152152 994949

HeteroHeteroHomoPKHomoPK

33rdrd trainingtraining

BC4F2BC4F2BC3F5BC3F5

SalT,RM10720,RM3412SalT,RM10720,RM3412RM1287,RM10772,RM1287,RM10772,RM411RM411

2008 2008 MayMay

170170412412

6060243243

Homo PKHomo PKHomoPKHomoPK

33rdrd trainingtraining

BC4F2BC4F2BC3F5BC3F5

Waxy,Waxy,RM21,RM5349,RM457RM21,RM5349,RM457

2008 2008 MayMay

303303303303

303303303303

Homo IRHomo IRHomo IRHomo IR

Screening test in concrete pond

• Location /Year - Rice division ,DAR, Yezin / 2008 WS• Test entries - 56+ 2 Parents• Experimental Design- 58x3xRCB• Treatments - (1) NaCl 9ds/m , (2) Control• Recording - data were recorded at 50% flowering

and maturity stage.• Results - 17 lines among 56 tested were found

with stress score (3-5) and Filled grain (27-

65%) compared with parent IR53936

Screening test in Yoshida Solution

• Treatment NaCl =9ds/m in Yoshida solution (Yoshida et al.1976)   • Tested lines 56lines + 2 parents • Data recorded 16 Days after salt treatment  According to Modified

standard evaluation score(SES)of visual salt injury(Gregorio et al., 1997)

• Results 16 lines were found comparing with Parent Pokkali in Survival rate (50-100%), and Stress Score (2.5-6)

Field testing and trait validationField testing and trait validation

Tested locationsTested locations -Yezin, Meikhtila and -Yezin, Meikhtila and Myaungmya Myaungmya

Experimental DesignExperimental Design -58x2xRCB-58x2xRCB Test entriesTest entries -56-56 Standard checksStandard checks - IR53936 and - IR53936 and

PokkaliPokkali SpacingSpacing -20x20cm-20x20cm Plot sizePlot size -5m x 0.8m(4m2)-5m x 0.8m(4m2) No. of rows/plotNo. of rows/plot -4-4 No. of Seedlings/ hillNo. of Seedlings/ hill -Single plant-Single plant

DTF VG PAcp PHT PT TG FG GW1000 YT

IR53936-60-3-2-3 113

3 4.25 92.25 8.38 129.5 118.5 30.3 4.07

Pokkali

100

3 5.5 99.60 7.95 94.5 79.5 30.6 1.89

Mean

84.5

3 4.01 92.83 9.59 137.46 120.07 31.24 4.33

5%LSD 4.46 0 1.51 9.57 3.23 29.105 29.718 2.05 1.79

Prob ** ns ns ** ns * ns ns ns

CV% 2.6 0 18.7 5.10 16.80 10.6 12.4 3.3 20.6

Field Test in Yezin

ENTRY DTF VG SS PAcp PHT PT TG FG GW1000 YT

IR53936-60-3-

2-3 135 5 6 5 69.05 12.5 97.5 74 30 1.66

Pokkali 138 3 4 3 79.75 13 80 66 30.4 2.3

Mean 103.86 3.41 4.19 4.07 74.3912.8

1 110.28 88.01 30.725 3.16

5%LSD 9.04 3.06 2.13 2.76 12.01 4.97 41.39 34.56 3.55 1.70

Prob ns ns * ns ns ns ns ns ns **

CV% 4.3 44.8 25.5 34 8.1 19.4 18.7 19.6 5.8 26.9

Field Testing in Meikhtila

Yield, Agronomic trait and Quality trait for selected Yield, Agronomic trait and Quality trait for selected lines lines

Progenies Life perioddays

Plant Ht(cm)

PAcp

MeanYield(t/h)

Amylose %

GC Grain appearance

Survival (%) Yoshida

Stress score in pond

Stress Score in MTLsoil

Yn3220-62-2-4- 120 89.5 3.5 5.0 19. 81 Med Clear 50 3 5

Yn3220-64-2-8 118 90 5.5 4.85 24.18 Hard Clear 50 5 3

Yn3220-76-4-1 121 85.05 4 4.6 19.97 Hard Clear 30 5.5 3

Yn3220-77-2-1-1 113 90.7 4 4.65 21.97 Soft Clear 50 5.5 4

Yn3220-77-2-9-2 116 95.65 4 4.85 18.19 Med Clear 60 5 3

Yn3220-108-2-3-1 112 87.8 3.5 4.8 23.73 Med Clear 70 3 4

Yn3220-108-2-3-2 111 83.65 3 4.75 20.34 Med Clear 55 5 4

Yn3220-108-2-4-1 111 81.75 3 4.35 22.96 Hard Clear 65 5 3

Yn3220-108-2-6-2 112 96.3 4 5.6 19.48 Hard Clear 70 5 4

Yn3220-60-2-1 114 92.8 3 5.5 32.72 Med Clear 15 5 3

Yn3220-62-2-1 116 92.2 4 4.8 18.88 Hard Clear 70 4 5

Yn3220-59-2-4 119 89.6 3.5 5.2 23.34 Hard Clear 50 5.5 5

Yn3220-62-2-8 116 91.4 3 4.85 24.58 Hard Clear 70 5 4

Yn3220-107-2-6 112 90.01 4 4.95 23.06 Soft Clear 20 5.5 4

IR53936-60-3-2-3 114 92.3 5 2.95 19.32 Soft Clear 5 6 6

Future planFuture plan The selected 14 lines will be conducted as The selected 14 lines will be conducted as

General Yield Trial again in Yezin, Kyaukse, General Yield Trial again in Yezin, Kyaukse, Meikhtila and Myaungmya in 2009 ,WS. Meikhtila and Myaungmya in 2009 ,WS.

At the same time on farm trials will be carried out At the same time on farm trials will be carried out to select by farmer participatory approach at to select by farmer participatory approach at inland area such as Sagaing and Mandalay inland area such as Sagaing and Mandalay division and costal salinity area as Ayeyawaddy division and costal salinity area as Ayeyawaddy and Bago division. and Bago division.

There will be started to produce initial seeds at There will be started to produce initial seeds at DAR, Yezin in 2009 Wet season.DAR, Yezin in 2009 Wet season.

ConclusionConclusion The applicable results was obtained from varietal The applicable results was obtained from varietal

improvement program of Sinthwelatt x Pokkali cross improvement program of Sinthwelatt x Pokkali cross through Marker Assisted Selection within 2003-2008. through Marker Assisted Selection within 2003-2008.

Most of selected salt tolerant introgression lines are non Most of selected salt tolerant introgression lines are non sensitive to photoperiod. They can be grown in both of sensitive to photoperiod. They can be grown in both of monsoon and late monsoon seasons. monsoon and late monsoon seasons.

They have translucent and slender long grain with good They have translucent and slender long grain with good eating quality like parent IR53936. It was also found that eating quality like parent IR53936. It was also found that they have medium plant height (94-127cm), medium they have medium plant height (94-127cm), medium duration (about 138 days) and more grains per panicle. duration (about 138 days) and more grains per panicle.

It will be very effective to increase rice production of It will be very effective to increase rice production of salt affected areas of Myanmar.salt affected areas of Myanmar.

Comment on the Project Comment on the Project (A) on behalf of the Institute(A) on behalf of the Institute

This training is fruitful and applicable collaboration between This training is fruitful and applicable collaboration between DAR,BIOTEC and GCP . It will be very effective to increase rice DAR,BIOTEC and GCP . It will be very effective to increase rice production for saline and alkaline soil under both rainfed and production for saline and alkaline soil under both rainfed and irrigated condition.irrigated condition.

DAR wishes continuously to do other integrated Research DAR wishes continuously to do other integrated Research collaboration on different rice eco-systems with RGDU and collaboration on different rice eco-systems with RGDU and BIOTEC.BIOTEC.

Hilly area of Myanmar is 4% total rice area where it is very Hilly area of Myanmar is 4% total rice area where it is very serious of Blast disease that’s why it is very difficult to get serious of Blast disease that’s why it is very difficult to get target yield (5 t/ h).target yield (5 t/ h).

Now it will be the best way to improve local germplasms with Now it will be the best way to improve local germplasms with blast resistance gene by Molecular breeding for near future.blast resistance gene by Molecular breeding for near future.

(B) Personal(B) Personal The background theory on Molecular The background theory on Molecular

breeding should be taught in initial breeding should be taught in initial period of project more than this period of project more than this training.training.

It should be take more time for It should be take more time for training period because it is difficult to training period because it is difficult to understand the detail lab work and understand the detail lab work and theory.theory.

Comment on the Project Comment on the Project

AcknowledgementAcknowledgement

Development of successful salt tolerant breeding program for Development of successful salt tolerant breeding program for Myanmar was supported by collaboration of National Centers for Myanmar was supported by collaboration of National Centers for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Generation Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Generation Challenge Program (GCP) and Department of Agricultural Challenge Program (GCP) and Department of Agricultural Research (DAR).Research (DAR).

The authors would like to express sincerely thank and The authors would like to express sincerely thank and acknowledge to Dr.Apichart Vanavichit( Director),Dr.Theerayut acknowledge to Dr.Apichart Vanavichit( Director),Dr.Theerayut Toojinda (Principal investigator ), Dr.Jona Siangliw and the staff Toojinda (Principal investigator ), Dr.Jona Siangliw and the staff member of the Rice Gene Discovery Unit (RGDU), and National member of the Rice Gene Discovery Unit (RGDU), and National Centers for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Centers for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand for their cooperation in laboratory works.Thailand for their cooperation in laboratory works.

We would like to thank deeply for encouragement of Director We would like to thank deeply for encouragement of Director General, Dr. Toe Aung, Daw Khin Than Nwe, Director of Rice General, Dr. Toe Aung, Daw Khin Than Nwe, Director of Rice Division and U Khin Soe ,Director of Biotechnology Division of Division and U Khin Soe ,Director of Biotechnology Division of DAR.DAR.