Développer le savoir-faire physique

7/31/2019 Dvelopper le savoir-faire physique

1/40

Lwbcf~~bx cb tkwfox-gkoxb ~myto{rb

Df`~c`be| kr lfdr`be| lbxgxbedb Kr Dkeklk# cb t~fx|

dbt| ~frx ck wob

Lwbcf~~bx cb tkwfox-gkoxb ~myto{rbJrolb ~frx cbt ~kxbe|t lbegke|t lb > ;8 ket


2/408


\oggkeyHxfzeDff~bx


3/40


\khcb lbt `k|oxbt

Dfcoe Mojjt# ^m%L%# Reowbxto| @b`fxokc lb \bxxb Ebrwb

Ot|wke Hkcyo# @%K%# Dbe|xb dkeklobe `rc|ot~fx| ^kdod T~fx|Xodmkxl Zky# @HK# Dbe|xb dkeklobe `rc|ot~fx| ^kdod T~fx|

Dmkxcbt Dkxloekc# @%Td be Kd|owo| ^myto{rb# Dbe|xb Ek|ofekc @rc|ot~fx| @fe|xkc

T|bwb Efxxot# ^m%L%# Dkekloke T~fx| Dbe|xb# Dkcjkxy

@kxy Hcrbdmkxl|# ^m%L%# Reowbxto| @b`fxokc lb \bxxb Ebrwb

@dKccot|bx @blok

Kr|brxt

Dfedb~|ofe

\khcb lbt `k|oxbt

^kx|ox lr hfe ~obl+

Cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb

Cb `flcb dkeklobe lb lwbcf~~b`be| cfej |bx`b lr ~kx|odo~ke|&k|mc|b

Cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb cbt ~kx|odrckxo|t

Cbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb

Cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb kr t|klb Begke| kd|og lr LC\^&K

Cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb kr t|klb Oeo|ok|ofe kr} mkhocb|t`f|xodbt lr LC\^&K

Cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb kr t|klb Gfx`k|ofe lb hktb ck ~xk|o{rb lkd|owo|t t~fx|owbt lr LC\^&K

L|koct trx cbt l|bx`oeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb9 re k|fr| lket |frt cbt t~fx|t

Reb efrwbccb k~~xfdmb6

Oedolbedbt trx cb tyt|`b llrdk|ofe b| trx cbt fxjkeot`btlb t~fx| xdxk|og b| lkd|owo| ~myto{rb

Lwbcf~~bx cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb dmb dmk{rb begke|

^xfdmkoebt |k~bt

K`cofxk|ofe dfe|oerb

\xfrttb lb cfhhyoej lbt ~kxbe|t

Xgxbedbt

4

4;

42


4/40 7

Jkxfet > 7

Goccbt 7 =Jkxfet 7 ?

Goccbt = ;;

Jkxfet ? ;8

Gb``bt ;2 ;? !&-

Mf``bt ;7 8> !&-

Gb``bt ;? 84 !&-

Mf``bt 8> 84 !&-

Gb``bt 84 !&-Mf``bt 84 !&-

Gb``bt ;; ;2 !&-

Mf``bt ;8 ;7 !&-

T~fx| lbmkr| eowbkr

[rkco|t~myto{rbtb| dk~kdo|`be|kcbt

Mkhocb|tt~fx|owbtlb hktb

Gfelb`be|t lr`frwb`be| b|l|bx`oeke|t

lb ck dfelo|ofe`f|xodb


7/40


Dmb re begke|# cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb tb ~xtbe|b df``b ck `k|xotb df`hoeb lbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be|# lbt l|bxòeke|t lbck dfelo|ofe `f|xodbt b| lbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb {ro cro ~bx`b||be| lfhtbxwbx b| lb df`~xbelxb cbewoxfeeb`be| o``lok| b| lb~xbelxb betro|b lbt ldotofet irt|bt gfelbt trx db||b df`~xmbetofe%

Cb tkwfox-gkoxb ~myto{rb cbt ~kx|odrckxo|t

Cbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| b| cbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb^frx kd{rxox re tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb# cbt begke|t lfowbe| k~~xbelxb `k|xotbx cbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| b| cbt l|bxòeke|t lbck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb# `kot db||b `k|xotb eb wobe| ~kt |fr| lre dfr~# b| efrt lbwfet efrt xk~~bcbx {rb cbt begke|t eb tfe| ~kt lbt klrc|bt be òeok|rxb % ^frx ~xbt{rb |fr|bt cbt mkhocb|t `f|xodbt&t~fx|owbt# cbegke| lfo| gxkedmox reb txob l|k~bt -wfox ck jrxb 4 {ro`fe|xb ck ~xfjxbttofe lb ck dk~kdo| lb ckedbx dmb cbegke| `btrxb {roc jxkelo|/% Cb hr| lbwxko| |xb lkolbx dmk{rb begke| ~kttbx c|k~b trowke|b lb `k|xotb lb cmkhocb| {roc bt| be |xkoe lkd{rxox# b| efe lb cb ~frttbx ~bxgfx`bx df``b cb gbxko| re klrc|b%

Gojrxb 8 [ro bt| be dmkxjb lkttrxbx cb lwbcf~~b`be| lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb6


8/40=


Gojrxb 4 Cbt |xfot |k~bt `beke| reb |bdmeo{rb lb ckedbx wfcrb

Cbt ik`hbt b| cb |xfed eb tfe| ~kt tfccodo|t# fr cbtfe| ~br1 oc ey k krdreb |fxtofe lr |xfed%

Cb trib| gko| re ~kt wbxt ckwke| kwbd cb ~obl lr@@B d| {rb cb hxkt r|ocot ~frx ckedbx ck hkccbfr cb hkccfe1 oc y k reb dbx|koeb |fxtofe lr |xfed%

Cb trib| gko| re ~kt wbxt ckwke| kwbd cb ~obl lrd| F^^FT kr hxkt r|ocot ~frx ckedbx ck hkccb fr

cb hkccfe1 oc y k reb |fxtofe ~crt ~xfefedb lr |xfedb| cb hxkt df``bedb cb ckedbx ~kx|ox lr lbxxoxblb ck ||b%

Cb tkwofx-gkoxb ~myto{rb - cbt ~kx|odrckxo|t

|k~b oe|bx`lokoxb

|k~b wfcrb

|k~b ~xo`koxb


9/40


Kolbx cbt begke|t lwbcf~~bx cbt gfelb`be|t lr`frwb`be| b| cbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe`f|xodbHobe {rb cbt begke|t wfcrbe| b| k~~xbeebe| lbt xy|m`btloggxbe|t# ~xbt{rb |frt kd{roxbe| cbt gfelb`be|t lr`frwb`be| b| cbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb tbcfe ck``b t{rbedb b| ~kttbe| ~kx cbt ``bt |k~bt 9

@f`be| f re begke| ~br| k~~xbelxb reb mkhocb| `f|xodbfr t~fx|owb 9 `btrxb {rre begke| jxkelo| b| tb lwbcf~~b-wfcrb/# cbt dfeeb}ofet ebxwbrtbt tb `rc|o~cobe| b| cbt `rtdcbt

tb xbegfxdbe|% \ke| {rb cb dbxwbkr ebt| ~kt trgtk``be|lwbcf~~# b| cbt `rtdcbt kttb gfx|t# cbegke| eb ~br| |fr|to`~cb`be| ~kt kd{rxox dbx|koebt mkhocb|t# b| oc bt| kcfxt hobeoer|ocb lb cb ~frttbx cbt kd{rxox 9 dbck ekhfr|o| xobe lbhfe% Co`~fx|ke| db t|klb# dbt| lb gfrxeox cbegke| cb ~crtlfddktofet ~fttohcb lb}~cfxbx |fr|bt tfx|bt lb `frwb`be|tlket re bewoxfeeb`be| xodmb dbt|loxb re bewoxfeeb`be| ckgfot tdrxo|koxb b| t|o`rcke|%

Cbegke| bt| ~x| k~~xbelxb reb mkhocb| f|xodb&t~fx|owb 9 re dbx|koe ~foe| lb tfe lwbcf~~b`be|# cbegke| k cbtdkxkd|xot|o{rbt ~myto{rbt xb{rotbt lbt `rtdcbt b| lbt ebxgttrgtk``be| lwbcf~~t ~frx |xb dk~khcb lkd{rxox rebmkhocb| be ~kx|odrcobx -gkd|brx lb dk~kdo|/# {roc lfo| `koe|beke|k~~xbelxb `k|xotbx% Cbegke| kd{robx| reb efrwbccb mkhocb| tbcfere ~xfdbttrt ek|rxbc# {roc bt| ~fttohcb db~belke| lb t|o`rcbxjxkelb`be| 9 oc trg| ~frx dbck lb cro fggxox lbt fddktofet lb~xk|o{rbx |fr| be tk`rtke| b| lb `b||xb tk lot~fto|ofe{ro~b`be| b| `k|xobc klk~|t% Be lfeeke| cbegke| lbtoet|xrd|ofet to`~cbt b| be cro ~bx`b||ke| lb hbkrdfr~ ~xk|o{rbx#fe ckolb lwbcf~~bx re tbe|o`be| lb dfekedb {roc dfetbxwbxk|fr|b tk wob hobe {rb dbck eko| ~kt edbttkoxb`be| ~frx bggb|lkddcxbx cb ~xfdbttrt lk~~xbe|ottkjb%

@f`be| f~~fx|re ~frx k~~xbelxb reb mkhocb| `f|xodb&t~fx|owb 9 ^frx dmk{rb efrwbccb mkhocb| {rb lfo| kd{rxox rebegke|# oc y k re `f`be| {ro bt| cb ~crt ~xf~odb % [rkel dbt| cb|b`~t# fe ~br| gkwfxotbx cb ~xfdbttrt lk~~xbe|ottkjb b| fh|beoxlbt xtrc|k|t |xt ~fto|ogt be lfeeke| lbt oet|xrd|ofet to`~cbt cbegke| b| be cro ~bx`b||ke| lb ~xk|o{rbx% Hobe {rb cb `f`be| cb ~crt ~xf~odb ~frx betbojebx reb mkhocb| ~kx|odrcoxb wkxoblre begke| ckr|xb# ck t{rbedb tbcfe ck{rbccb ck~~xbe|ottkjbtb gko| bt| ~kttkhcb`be| reogfx`b% Ck jrxb 2 lfeeb re k~bxrlr `f`be| f~~fx|re ~frx betbojebx dbx|koet lbt gfelb`be|t lr`frwb`be| b| lbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb# ~kxò cbt~crt dfrxke|t%

@f`be| ~frx lbt `btrxbt lb xk||xk~kjb 9 To cbegke| bt| |xf~cfej|b`~t tket kd{rxox reb mkhocb|# ck~~xbe|ottkjb ~br| lbwbeox~crt logdocb% @kot ~crt oc df``bedb || df`hcbx tfe ldo|# ~crtoc ~br| gkdocb`be| xk||xk~bx tfe xb|kxl b| kd{rxox cmkhocb| b| ckdfekedb lfe| oc k hbtfoe ~frx |xb ~cboeb`be| kd|og kwbd tbt kòtb| tbt ~koxt%

Gojrxb < K~~xbelxb cbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be|# cbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb b| cbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb


Ck dxfottkedb tojeob reb krj`be|k|ofelb ck |koccb dfx~fxbccb |bccb {rb ck jxkelbrxfr cb ~folt% Ck `k|rxk|ofe bt| cb ~xfdbttrt

~kx cb{rbc cb dfx~t lb cbegke| dmkejbjxklrbccb`be| ~frx lbwbeox tb`hckhcb dbcro lre klrc|b%


10/40;>


Cb lwbcf~~b`be| lbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| 9 lbtolbt ~frx cbt ~kxbe|t

Cbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| lfowbe| |xb lwbcf~~t lket|fr|bt tfx|bt lb òcobr}# b| cbt ~kxbe|t tfrdobr} lr hobe|xblb cbrx begke| lfowbe| oe|bxxfjbx cb ~bxtfeebc lbt jkxlbxobt#lbt dfcbt# lbt fxjkeot`bt lb t~fx| òebrx b| lbt kr|xbtfxjkeotk|ofet dfedbxebt# ke lb tkttrxbx {rb cbt hbtfoet lbcbrx begke| tfe| df`hct%

Wfodo dbx|koebt {rbt|ofet {ro lfowbe| |xb ~ftbt 9


Cbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| 9 Cot|b lbdfe|xcb lbt ~kxbe|tOc ebt| ~kt gkdocb lb tkttrxbx {rre begke| kd{robx| |frt cbtgfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be|% Cbt mkhocb|t {rre begke| lfo|k~~xbelxb `k|xotbx tfe| ef`hxbrtbt b| oc ey k ~kt lbelxfo|f fe ~br| dfelroxb re begke| b| |xb tx {roc wk cbt lwbcf~~bx|fr|bt% ^frx kolbx cbt ~xbt|k|koxbt lb tfoet hobe df`~xbelxbck t{rbedb lr lwbcf~~b`be| lb cbegke|# efrt kwfet ~x~kxcb lokjxk``b lbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| -G@/# {rb wfrt~frwb wfox ck jrxb 2%

Db lokjxk``b `fe|xb re dbx|koe ef`hxb lbt gfelb`be|tlr `frwb`be| cbt ~crt o`~fx|ke|t {rb dmk{rb begke| lfo|k~~xbelxb `k|xotbx# b| oelo{rb cb `f`be| f~~fx|re f fe~br| df``bedbx k~~xbelxb dmk{rb mkhocb|# cjb cb ~crtk~~xf~xo ~frx lwbcf~~bx cmkhocb| b| cjb f cb gko| {rb cbegke|ek ~kt bedfxb xrtto k~~xbelxb cmkhocb| lbwxko| k`bebx cbt~xbt|k|koxbt lb tfoet dfetrc|bx re ~xfgbttofeebc% Cb lokjxk``b~xf~ftb be fr|xb lbt ~xfjxk``bt lkd|owo|t ~kx|odrcoxb`be|bgdkdbt ~frx kolbx cbegke| kd{rxox b| lwbcf~~bx dmk{rbmkhocb|% Oc oedcr| krtto reb dfcfeeb lb dktbt be hcked {rb cbt~xbt|k|koxbt lb tfoet ~brwbe| dfdmbx {rkel cbegke| `k|xotbcmkhocb| be {rbt|ofe%

Ck \xfrttb lb cfhhyoej lbt ~kxbe|t# {rb wfrt |xfrwbxb cke lr ~xtbe| lfdr`be| -db {ro wfrt ~bx`b| lb ck ~mf|fdf~obxgkdocb`be|/# lbwxko| wfrt kolbx l|bxòebx to wf|xb begke| ktrgtk``be| ck dmkedb lkd{rxox b| lb ~xk|o{rbx cbt gfelb`be|tlr `frwb`be|# cbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb b| cbtmkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb%

Bt|db {rb \FRT cbt begke|t fe| ck dmkedb lb gkoxb lbckd|owo| ~myto{rb wojfrxbrtb ~belke| kr `foet 4>òer|bt ~kx ifrx ~frx cbt |fr|~b|o|t# b| 7> òer|bt ~kxifrx ~frx cbt begke|t ljb ~xtdfckoxb# ck `kotfe#kr tbxwodb lb jkxlb fr cdfcb6 ^kx|odo~be|oct lbtkd|owo|t lb lketb b| lb `rto{rb6

Tfe|oct oeo|ot ck lketb b| lbt kd|owo|t `rtodkcbt6

Cbt begke|t fe|oct cbrx lot~fto|ofe re wkt|b dmfo}lb `k|xobc ~frx ifrbx hkccbt b| hkccfet -lb |y~bt b|lb |koccbt wkxot/# ibr} lb ~fdmbt# dbxdbkr} b| kr|xbtkx|odcbt toòckoxbt b| y k|oc lbt belxfo|t f cbtbegke|t ~brwbe| jxo`~bx# dfrxox# tkr|bx# b| ckedbx b|hf||bx lbt fhib|t be |fr|b tdrxo|6

Bt|db {rb cbt betbojeke|t b| cbt ~xbt|k|koxbt lb tfoetbedfrxkjbe| \FRT cbt begke|t# y df`~xot dbr} kyke|re mkelodk~# ~kx|odo~bx lbt ibr} kd|ogt6

Bt|db {rb cbt ~xbt|k|koxbt lb tfoet b| cbt betbojeke|t~brwbe| betbojebx cbt |bdmeo{rbt lb hktb kr} begke|t{ro fe| lb ck logdrc| kd{rxox reb mkhocb| `f|xodblb hktb be ~kx|odrcobx6

Lwbcf~~bx lbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lbhktb kwke| lb `k|xotbx cbt gfelb`be|tlr `frwb`be| b| cbt l|bxòeke|t lbck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb xlro| ck dk~kdo| lb~bxgfx`kedb ~crt |kxl%


11/40


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:/#Grelk`be|kc

@f|fxTaoccLbwbcf~`be|#xloj

~frxcb~xfib|lblwbcf~~b`be|cfej|bx`blbck|mc|b

lrDbe|xbdkeklobe`rc|ot~fx|t^

kdogodT~fx|%

Gfybx

T~fx|fxjkeot

Dbe|

xb~xtdfckoxb

Cfotoxtdf``rekr|koxbt

dfcb

Cjbelb

Ef|b

;9Ocykrebefx`bwkxok|ofelketcb|b`~tefx`kcflhr|bck~~xbe|ottkj

b

lrebmkhocb|dmbcbt

begke|t1db|khcbkrlbwxko|lfedtbxwoxREO[RB@BE\lb

jrolbk~~xf}o`k|og{rke|ckt{rbedblrlwbcf~~b`be|kr{rbctk||belxb%

Tocblwbcf~~b`be|lb

wf|xbbegke|wfrtoe{ro|b#wbroccbdfetrc|bxwf|xb~lok|xb

%

\frtcbtbegke|tlbwxkobe||xbb}~fttreckxjbwbe|koclbgfelb`be|tlr`fr

wb`be|b|lbl|bxòeke|tlbckdfelo|ofe`f|xodb#

lketre

bgfrcblbdfe|b}|bt#ydf`~xottrxck|bxxb#

trxckebojbb|ckjckdb#

lketcbkrb|lketcbtkoxt%

Df``bckjoco|#

c{rocohxbb|ck

dffxloek|ofetfe|lbtl|bxòeke|t`f|brxtdxrdokr}#

ocgkrlxko|lfeebxkr}begke|tckdmkedblk~~xbelxb

dfrxox#tkr|bxb|ckedbx1gkoxblbckjyèkt|o{rbb|lbckek|k|ofe1~xk|o{rb

xlbtkd|owo|ttrxckjckdbb|trxckebojb%

Cbtdfccbd|owo|tl

bwxkobe|bewotkjbxl|khcoxlbt~xfjxk``bt

~fcywkcbe|t{ro~bx`b||be|kr}begke|tlb}~cfxbxckjk``bdf`~c|blbtmkhocb|t%


Gojrxb2

@f`be|tf~~fx|retb|belxfo|tfcbtbegke|tk~~xbeebe|b|~xk|o{rbe|cbtgfelb`be|tlr`

frwb`be|)


12/40;8


Dfrxox# tkr|bx# k||xk~bx# hf||bx# ckedbx b| gxk~~bx re fhib| kwbd reh|fe# reb hk||b fr reb xk{rb||b lb {rbc{rb tfx|b# |bccbt tfe|cbt df`~ftke|bt lb hktb lbt ef`hxbr} t~fx|t ifrt ~kx ckwkt|b `kifxo| lbt jbet trx |bxxb# b| ck ~bxtfeeb {ro k reb hfeeb`k|xotb lb dbt mkhocb|t lb hktb ~br| gkdocb`be| k~~xbelxb lbef`hxbr} t~fx|t% Ck dk~kdo| lb ~xbelxb lb hfeebt ldotofetlket cb gbr lb ckd|ofe bt| reb kr|xb mkhocb| bttbe|obccb lket ck~xk|o{rb lbt t~fx|t%

Db {ro lot|oejrb cbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| b| cbtl|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb lbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbtlb hktb%

Ckedbx bt| re gfelb`be| lr `frwb`be| b| ~frx ckd{rxox#cbegke| lfo| k~~xbelxb ckedbx lbt hkccbt b| lbt hkccfet lbgfx`bt b| lb |koccbt lowbxtbt# lreb `koe fr lbt lbr} `koet# b|kwbd ~crt fr `foet lb gfxdb ~frx bewfybx cb ~xfibd|ocb ~crt fr`foet cfoe ~kxgfot# oc tb}bxdbxk ckedbx trx loggxbe|bt dohcbt~frx k~~xbelxb wotbx irt|b1 lkr|xbt gfot# oc ~xk|o{rbxk ~frxk`cofxbx ck ~fx|b lb tbt ckedbxt%

[rkel re begke| k~~xbel ckedbx reb hkccb lb tfg|hkcc# be~xk|o{rke| cb ckedbx |y~o{rb lb db t~fx|# b| {roc bttkob lbcbewfybx krlbc lr `kxhxb# oc `keogbt|b {roc k wfcr b| {roc bt|~ktt lb ck~~xbe|ottkjb lre gfelb`be| lr `frwb`be| fr lrel|bxòeke| lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb ckd{roto|ofe lreb mkhocb|t~fx|owb lb hktb%


Ck hfeeb t{rbedb^frx {rre begke| ko| lr trddt lket cb t~fx| ~xk|o{r df``bre cfotox hfe ~frx ck tke| fr ~frx ck df`~|o|ofe# oc bt| o`~fx|ke|{roc `k|xotb cbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| b| cbt l|bxòeke|tlb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb kwke| lbttkybx lkd{rxox cbt mkhocb|tt~fx|owbt lb hktb# b| oc bt| o`~fx|ke| {roc ko| lwbcf~~ dbtmkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb kwke| lb tk||k{rbx lbt |bdmeo{rbtt~do{rbt ck lotdo~coeb t~fx|owb%

Lbr} b}b`~cbt ~frx occrt|xbx df``be| cbt dmftbttb ~kttbe| 9

Mkhocb|t xb{rotbt ~frx hf||bx

Kr t|klb lb ckd{roto|ofe lbt gfelb`be|t lr frwb`be| b|lbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb# cbegke| k~~xbel cbtgfx`bt jbt|rbccbt bttbe|obccbt {ro dfetot|be| gxk~~bx lr ~obl refhib|# db {roc k~~xbel gkoxb# kr|ke| {rb ~fttohcb# kwbd re ~obl#~rot kwbd ckr|xb% Oc hf||b |fr|bt tfx|bt lb hkccfet b| oc tb ckedbloggxbe|t lt ckedbx cb ~crt cfoe ~fttohcb# wotbx reb dohcb# hf||bxlb gkfe db {rb cb hkccfe xbt|b kr tfc fr cb hf||bx ~frx {roctcwb cb ~crt mkr| ~fttohcb lket cbt koxt%

Kr t|klb lb ckd{roto|ofe lbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb -krtfddbx# ~% b}%/# cbegke| k~~xbel hf||bx re hkccfe lb tfddbx#tket |frdmbx cb hkccfe kwbd tbt `koet% Oc `btrxb kcfxt ck gfxdbkwbd ck{rbccb oc lfo| gxk~~bx cb hkccfe lr ~obl ~frx {roc k||bojeb re

df{ro~obx# b| oc k~~xbel gxk~~bx cb hkccfe kwbd coe|xobrx lr ~obl~frx k`cofxbx ck ~xdotofe lb tbt ~kttbt%

Mkhocb|t xb{rotbt ~frx k||xk~bx

Kr t|klb lb ckd{roto|ofe lbt gfelb`be|t lr frwb`be| b|lbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb# cbegke| k~~xbel cbtgfx`bt jbt|rbccbt bttbe|obccbt {ro dfetot|be| k||xk~bx kwbd tbtlbr} `koet ~frx reb xdb~|ofe lbr} `koet# ~rot be tb tbxwke|lreb tbrcb `koe% Oc k||xk~b |fr|bt tfx|bt lb hkccbt b| hkccfet lb~folt b| lb |koccbt lowbxt# b| oc k~~xbel k||xk~bx cb hkccfe tket tbl~ckdbx# ~rot ck||xk~bx kr wfc be kccke| tk xbedfe|xb db tfe|c lbt mkhocb|t {roc ~frxxk `b||xb ~xf| lket ck ~xk|o{rb lb |fr|t~fx| {roc ~frxxk dmfotox rc|xobrxb`be|%

Kr t|klb lb ckd{roto|ofe lbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb -kr

hktbhkcc# ~% b}%/# cbegke| k~~xbel k||xk~bx reb hkccb lb hktbhkcc# be r|ocotke| re jke| lb hktbhkcc% Kr lhr|# cbegke| k~~xbel k||xk~bx reb hkccb {ro bt| ckedb# ~rot {rkel oc bt| trgtk``be|mkhocb# oc k~~xbel k||xk~bx reb hkccb {ro bt| gxk~~b kwbd cb h|fe db {roc gko| lbt lot|kedbt lb ~crt be ~crt jxkelbt%


13/40


Cbt dfet{rbedbt lr efelwbcf~~b`be| lre tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rbCbegke| {ro eb lwbcf~~b ~kt lb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb bt| |xt lgkwfxot% Kr |bxxkoe lb ibr b| kr ~kxd# cbt begke|t ko`be| hbkrdfr~ ifrbxkwbd lkr|xbt begke|t {ro fe| cb ``b eowbkr lmkhocb| {rbr} b| {ro ~brwbe| tfr|beox cb xy|m`b lr ibr 1 dbr} {ro be tfe| oedk~khcbttfe| jexkcb`be| ckottt lb d|%

Ck efekd{roto|ofe lbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| b| lbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb k krtto ~frx dfet{rbedb {rb cbegke|xbefedbxk wxkotb`hckhcb`be| ~kx|odo~bx lbt kd|owo|t t~fx|owbt be hfeeb b| lrb gfx`b# {ro xb{roxbe| reb dbx|koeb `k|xotb lbtmkhocb|t t~do{rbt# db {ro cb coò|b lket cbt dmfo} lkd|owo|t gkwfxkhcbt ck tke| ck wob lrxke|% B| dbck xlro| krtto tbt dmkedbt lbtbejkjbx lket ck ~frxtro|b lb cb}dbccbedb t~fx|owb%

Cb gko| lb eb ~fttlbx krdreb mkhocb| `f|xodb lb hktb coò|b txobrtb`be| cbt ~fttohoco|t lb ~kx|odo~bx ~crt |kxl lbt kd|owo|t lbcfotoxt fr lb df`~|o|ofe# df``b fe ~br| cb dfet|k|bx lket cbt {rbc{rbt b}b`~cbt dolbttfrt%

To wfrt eb~frwby

~kt

k||xk~bxtkr|bxdfrxoxekjbxckedbx

To wfrt eb~frwby

~kt

To wfrt eb~frwby

~kt

wfrt eb~frxxby

~xk|o{rbx

wfrt eb~frxxby

~xk|o{rbx

wfrt eb~frxxby

~xk|o{rbx

k||xk~bxtkr|bxckedbxekjbxdfrxox

ckedbxtkr|bxekjbxdfrxox

k||xk~bxdfrxox

cb tfddbxcb hktab|-hkcccb wfccby-hkccck|mc|ot`bcb t{rktm

cb hklòe|fecb xrjhycb |beeot

cb hktb-hkcccb tfg|hkcccbt {roccbtcb tfddbx

cb jfkchkcccb gff|hkcccb xrjhy

ck ek|k|ofecb ~cfejbfe

cb zk|bx-~fcfck ~cfejb kr|fef`b

cb dkef-akykack wfocbcb trxg

Gojrxb 7 Cbt dfet{rbedbt lb eb ~kt k~~xbelxb reb mkhocb| lb hktb



14/40; 7 ket

Fhibd|og 9 K~~xbe|ottkjb lbt frwb`be|tgfelk`be|kr} ~kx cb ibr -zzz%lc|k%dk/%

Ckd|owo| ~myto{rb bt| bttbe|obccb kr lwbcf~~b`be| tkoe lbtbegke|t ~belke| ck ~xoflb dxrdokcb lbt to} ~xbòxbt keebt lb ckwob# b| ~crt ~kx|odrcoxb`be| kr dfrxt lbt |xfot ~xbòxbt keebt#{rkel cb dbxwbkr tb lwbcf~~b reb wo|bttb b}|x`b`be| xk~olbb| {rb ck~~xbe|ottkjb tb |xklro| ~kx ck dxk|ofe lre ~crt jxkelef`hxb lb dfeeb}ofet be|xb cbt dbccrcbt dxhxkcbt {rb ~crt |kxllket ck wob -Jxrme# 8>>8/% db t|klb# ckd|owo| ~myto{rb ~xtbe|b

ef|k``be| cbt kwke|kjbt trowke|t 9

`f|xodbt# b| coet|xrd|brx lfo| xbdfrxox lbt |mflbt klk~|bt cbrxt hbtfoet ~frx df``reo{rbx kwbd br}% Cbt fxjkeotk|ofetcfdkcbt {ro fggxbe| re tfr|obe kr} ~bxtfeebt kyke| re mkelodk~~frxxfe| wfrt gfrxeox lbt xbetbojeb`be|t r|ocbt%

Begke| kd|og Kd|owo|t lb lwbcf~~b`be| lrtkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rbBedfrxkjb cbegke| dfrxox efe tbrcb`be| be cojeb lxfo|b# `kotkwbd lbt kxx|t b| lbt l~kx|t b| lbt dmkejb`be|t lb loxbd|ofe%Cbt ibr} lb ~frxtro|b tfe| b}dbccbe|t%

Ifrb kwbd cbegke| lbt ibr} {ro lb`kelbe| k||xk~bx re fhib|%R|ocotb |fr|bt tfx|bt lfhib|t `frt b| lbt hkccbt fr hkccfet lb|koccbt loggxbe|bt% ^frx df``bedbx# ifrb k||xk~bx re jxfthkccfe kwbd cbt lbr} `koet# ~rot krj`be|b cb eowbkr lb logdrc|be r|ocotke| lbt hkccfet fr lbt hkccbt lb ~crt ~b|o|b |koccb# ~frxbe kxxowbx ~xk|o{rbx ck xdb~|ofe lreb tbrcb `koe% Efrhcob~kt# cbt hkccfet {ro eb xbhfelottbe| ~kt |xf~ tfe| lb hfet fr|octlk~~xbe|ottkjb# |fr| df``b cbt ibr} lb ~fdmbt%

Cb tkwfox-gkoxb ~myto{rb kr t|klb Begke| kd|og lr LC\^&K

Ifrb lbt ibr} {ro xb{roxbe| lb ~xbelxb lbt ~fto|ofet~kx|odrcoxbt fr loò|bx dbx|koet `frwb`be|t kwbd cbdfx~t ||b be hkt b| ||b be mkr|% Oò|b cbt felrck|ofetlr tbx~be|# xfrcb df``b re xfrcbkr ~|ottbxob trx cbtfc# fr trx cmbxhb be lwkcke| reb ~b|o|b ~be|b lfrdb%

Ifrb lbt ibr} {ro b}ojbe| lb ckedbx re fhib| ~frx

df``bedbx# r|ocotb lbt fhib|t `frt {rb cbegke| ~br|gkdocb`be| |beox lket tk `koe% Lb`kelb cbegke| lbwotbx reb dohcb# b| oetot|b ~kxgfot ~frx {roc ckedb lb |fr|bttbt gfxdbt% Lb`kelbcro lb ckedbx kwbd ck `koe jkrdmb#~rot kwbd ck lxfo|b%

Lket cbt `f`be|t ~crt dkc`bt# fr {rkel cbt~kdb bt|xlro|# ~xf~ftb lbt ibr} l{rocohxb# df``b 9 tb |beoxtrx re ~obl# ~rot trx ckr|xb |beox tfe {rocohxb lketloggxbe|bt ~fto|ofet fr bttkybx lb `kxdmbx cb cfej lbcojebt lb dfrcbrx trx cb tfc%

Lb`kelb cbegke| lb tkr|bx# lb gfx`bx lbt jrxbtlket cbt koxt# lb `fe|xbx df`hobe mkr| fr df`hobe cfoe oc~br| kccbx% Dxb lbt xowoxbt o`kjoekoxbt b| lb`kelb cbegke| lb tkr|bx lreb xowb ckr|xb% Lb`kelbcro lbtkr|bx be ~xbeke| k~~ro trx re tbrc ~obl# ~rot trx tbt

lbr} ~oblt% Kttrxbwfrt {rb cbegke| ~cob cbt jbefr} ck||bxxottkjb%

Oeo|ob cbegke| kr} kd|owo|t k{rk|o{rbt b| oetdxowbcb re~xfjxk``b lb ek|k|ofe ~frx cro k~~xbelxb ekjbx% Gko|btcro becbx lbt ~k|oet fr lbt hf||bt lb tao b| k`bebcb trxck jckdb fr ck ebojb ~frx {roc k~~xbeeb jcottbx%

^xfdrxbcro re |xodydcb fr reb hodydcb||b kwbd fr tketxfrbt t|khocotk|xodbt# ~frx {roc lwbcf~~b tfe {rocohxblyekò{rb%

^foe|t lb xb}ofe

Lket db jxfr~b ljb# ckd|owo| ~myto{rb lfo| |frifrxt |xb{rbc{rb dmftb lk`rtke| ~frx cbegke|# re oejxlobe| lb tk woblb |frt cbt ifrxt# b| efe {rbc{rb dmftb {ro cro bt| o`~ft% Cbibr kd|og lket re bewoxfeeb`be| tdrxo|koxb b| t|o`rcke| bt| cb`boccbrx `fybe lb jkxlbx cbt begke|t ~myto{rb`be| kd|ogt%

Ckd|owo| ~myto{rb fxjkeotb b| cb ibr kd|og tfe| ~kx|odrcoxb`be|o`~fx|ke|t lket cb lwbcf~~b`be| tkoe lbt begke|t kyke| remkelodk~# ~frx {ro ckd|owo| ~myto{rb lfo| lbwbeox reb mkho|rlb~frx ck wob% B| df``b db| jb cbt begke|t kyke| re mkelodk~lbwobeebe| wo|b |xf~ jxkelt ~frx cbrxt kolbt ck `fhoco|#cbt dfccbd|owo|t lfowbe| |xfrwbx lbt `fybet df``b lbt~xfjxk``bt ldmkejbt fr lb ~x|t ~frx tkttrxbx {rb |frtcbt begke|t fe| kddt c{ro~b`be| lfe| oct fe| hbtfoe ~frx|xb kd|ogt%

Cbt begke|t {ro fe| lbt ldobedbt tbetfxobccbt -ldobedbwotrbccb fr ~bx|b krlo|owb/ fe| tfrwbe| hbtfoe lb ~crt lbx~|o|ofet {rb cbt kr|xbt ~frx kd{rxox lb efrwbccbt mkhocb|t

Bccb ~ftb cbt gfelb`be|t lb ck xrtto|b rc|xobrxb lbtbegke|t lket ckd{roto|ofe lmkhocb|t t~fx|owbt# be cbrxk~~xbeke| {roc bt| kjxkhcb lb hfrjbx b| be cbt kolke| tbl~ckdbx lb gkfe bgdkdb b| k`cofxbx cbrx dffxloek|ofeb| cbrx {rocohxb%

Bccb dxb lbt dfeeb}ofet ebrxfekcbt cb cfej lb `rc|o~cbt|xkibd|foxbt lket cb dbxwbkr -Dfredoc fg ^mytodkc Blrdk|ofegfx Dmoclxbe# 8>>>/# trx|fr| be ~xtbedb lkd|owo|txy|mò{rbt%

Bccb xbegfxdb cb lwbcf~~b`be| lbt gfed|ofet dxhxkcbt#lb ck dffxloek|ofe# lbt k~|o|rlbt tfdokcbt# lb ck `f|xodo|jcfhkcb# lbt {rkco|t kggbd|owbt# lr cbklbxtmo~ b| lbco`kjoek|ofe%

Bccb kolb cbt begke|t ~xfrwbx lb ck dfekedb b| lbcbt|o`b lb tfo%

Bccb dfe|xohrb ck gfx`k|ofe lft b| lb `rtdcbt tfcolbt#k`cofxb ck b}ohoco|# ck ~ft|rxb b| ck dfelo|ofe ~myto{rb#gkwfxotb cb `koe|obe lre ~folt tke|# xlro| cb t|xbtt b|gkdoco|b cb tf``boc%


15/40


jb 9 Jkxfet 7? ket# ccbt 7= ket

Fhibd|og 9 K~~xbe|ottkjb lb |frt cbt gfelb`be|t lr`frwb`be| b| lwbcf~~b`be| lbt l|bxòeke|t lbck dfelo|ofe f|xodb jexkcb -zzz%lc|k%dk/%

Db t|klb bt| dxrdokc lket cb lwbcf~~b`be| lr tkwfoxgkoxb~myto{rb# ~rot{rb dbt| c {rb tfe| ib|bt cbt gfelk|ofet lbef`hxbrtbt mkhocb|t `f|xodbt ~crt kwkedbt%

Cb `boccbrx `fybe lkolbx cbt begke|t lb db jxfr~b ljb lwbcf~~bx cbrxt mkhocb|t tb ~xtbe|b df``b reb df`hoekotfelb ibr} efe t|xrd|rxt tb lxfrcke| lket re bewoxfeeb`be|tdrxo|koxb b| t|o`rcke|# b| re betbojeb`be| lb {rkco| fggbx|~kx lbt betbojeke|t# lbt `feo|brxt b| lbt be|xkebrxt {rkcot#lket cb dklxb lkd|owo|t xdxk|owbt df``rekr|koxbt b| lb~xfjxk``bt lb t~fx| òebrx%

^foe|t lb xb}ofeCbt begke|t lb db jxfr~b ljb eb lbwxkobe| ~kt tb dfedbe|xbx trxre tbrc t~fx|% Hobe {roct ~rottbe| kwfox re t~fx| ~xgx kr{rbc octtklfeebe| reb fr lbr} gfot ~kx tb`koeb# oct lbwxkobe| ~xk|o{rbxlkr|xbt t~fx|t fr kd|owo|t kr `foet 4 < gfot ~kx tb`koeb%

Cbt begke|t lb db jxfr~b ljb fe| re tbet kojr lb db {ro bt| irt|b # b| fe lbwxko| cbt oeo|obx kr} xjcbt c`be|koxbt b| c|mo{rb lr t~fx|% Fe ~br| krtto cbrx oedrc{rbx cbt xrlo`be|t lb ck|kd|o{rb b| lb ck ~xotb lb ldotofe%

Oc bt| o`~fx|ke| lr|ocotbx lb c{ro~b`be| klk~| ck |koccblb cbegke| b| hobe kirt| ~frx gkoxb be tfx|b {rb cbt kd|owo|t

lk~~xbe|ottkjb tfobe| ~crt kjxkhcbt# b| ~crt tdrxo|koxbt krtto%Cbt ~xfjxk``bt ldmkejbt b| lb ~x|t l{ro~b`be| tfe| re`fybe lb coò|bx cbt df|t be|xket ~kx ck ~xk|o{rb db {ro bt|~kx|odrcoxb`be| wxko lket cb dkt lbt begke|t kyke| re mkelodk~ {rofe| hbtfoe l{ro~b`be| |kocc trx `btrxb%

Oeo|ok|ofe kr} mkhocb|t `f|xodbt Kd|owo|tlb lwbcf~~b`be| lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb

Cb tkwfox-gkoxb ~myto{rb kr t|klb Oeo|ok|ofe kr}mkhocb|t `f|xodbt lr LC\^&K

Cb lwbcf~~b`be| lbt mkhocb|t `f|xodbt db t|klblbwxko| tb gkoxb tbcfe re ~xfdbttrt hobe t|xrd|rx# ~fto|ogb| K@RTKE\# b| tb dfedbe|xbx trx cbt l|bxòeke|t lb ckdfelo|ofe `f|xodb ckjoco|# c{rocohxb# ck dffxloek|ofe b| ckwo|bttb# be oedcrke| krtto lbt kd|owo|t xy|mò{rbt%

^frx cbt jkxfet b| cbt ccbt lb db jxfr~b ljb# cbtkd|owo|t wotke| lwbcf~~bx ck wo|bttb lbt `koet b| lbt~oblt tfe| ~kx|odrcoxb`be| oelo{rbt1 to db `f`be|f~~fx|re bt| xk| db| jb# ckd{roto|ofe lb ck wo|bttbdfx~fxbccb ~crt |kxl lket ck wob ~br| |xb df`~xfòtb%

Dbt| re jb olkc ~frx toeo|obx re ckxjb wbe|koc lb t~fx|t fe lbwxko| bedfrxkjbx cbt jkxfet b| cbt ccbt lb db| jb ~xbelxb ~kx| lbt kd|owo|t tb lxfrcke| trx |bxxb# lketcbkr b| trx ck jckdb fr ck ebojb loggxbe|t `f`be|t lbckeeb%

Oc bt| o`~fx|ke| {rb |frt cbt begke|t# y df`~xot dbr} kyke|re mkelodk~# `k|xotbe| cbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| b|cbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb kwke| lb ~kttbxkr} mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt t~do{rbt%

Ck gfxdb# cbelrxkedb b| ck tfr~cbttb lfowbe| |xblwbcf~~bt# `kot lket cb dklxb lb ibr} b| lkd|owo|tk`rtke|bt# b| efe lket cb dklxb lre ~xfjxk``b`|mflo{rb lbe|xkeb`be|%

Tkwfox ~xbelxb coegfx`k|ofe lb cbewoxfeeb`be| o``lok|~rot ~xbelxb ck ldotofe k~~xf~xob ck to|rk|ofe lr`f`be| tfe| lbt mkhocb|t bttbe|obccbt lwbcf~~bx dbt|klb%

Bedfrxkjb cbegke| ~kx|odo~bx lbt ibr} ~myto{rbt efet|xrd|rxt kwbd tbt kòt# b| db# |frt cbt ifrxt# ~kx |frt cbt|b`~t%

Dfe|oerb lr|ocotbx lbt kd|owo|t {ro xb{roxbe| lk||xk~bx#lb ckedbx# lb gxk~~bx# lb dfrxox b| lb ifrbx lkr|xbt ibr}b}ojbke|t trx cb ~cke ~myto{rb kwbd cbt jkxfet b| cbt ccbt%

To ~fttohcb# oetdxowb cbegke| lbt ~xfjxk``bt {ro fggxbe|re wkt|b dmfo} lkd|owo|t -~xfjxk``bt `rc|ot~fx|t/ fr re ckxjb wbe|koc lkd|owo|t loggxbe|bt% Gko|bt be tfx|b{rb cbegke| ko| ck dmkedb lbttkybx cb ~crt jxkel ef`hxblkd|owo|t ~fttohcb%

Kttot|b kr} xreofet ~kxbe|tbetbojeke|t fr kr} kr|xbtxbedfe|xbt {ro fe| cobr cdfcb b| tfrcojeb {roc bt|o`~fx|ke| {rb cdfcb ko| lbt dfrxt llrdk|ofe ~myto{rb lb{rkco| b| {rb trgtk``be| lb |b`~t tfo| kccfr dbtdfrxt -~xoflb xbdf``kelb lb ;2> òer|bt ~kx tb`koeb 4> òer|bt ~kx ifrx/ lfeet ~kx lbt betbojeke|tllrdk|ofe ~myto{rb {rkcot%

Eb wfrt be gko|bt ~kt kwbd cb ~foe|kjb&xtrc|k| lb ck ~kx|ob%Hfe ef`hxb lb ~xfjxk``bt ~xwfyke| lbt df`~|o|ofeteb |obeebe| ~kt df`~|b lbt xtrc|k|t% Ckddbe| bt| òt trxck~~xbe|ottkjb b| cb ~ckotox# ~cr|| {rb trx ck wod|foxb |fr|~xo}# {roc tkjottb lb `k|dmbt# lb xbedfe|xbtlrbct fr lbdckttb`be| lb cojrbt%

Eb dxfyb ~kt kr `y|mb tbcfe cb{rbc ck t~dokcotk|ofem|owb lket lbt t~fx|t df``b cb tfddbx fr cb mfdabylhfrdmbxk trx lbt ~bxgfx`kedbt |xt tr~xobrxbt ~crt|kxl lket ck wob% @obr} wkr| db| jb# b| lb cfoe# gkwfxotbxcb lwbcf~~b`be| lk|mc|bt df`~cb|t -~kx dfe|xb# dbx|koett~fx|t# df``b ck jyèkt|o{rb b| cb ~k|oekjb kx|ot|o{rb #xb{roxbe| reb t~dokcotk|ofe m|owb/%


16/40;7


jb 9 Jkxfet ?;8 ket# ccbt =;; ket-tb |bxòeb kr lhr| lb ck ~rhbx|/

Fhibd|og 9 K~~xbe|ottkjb lre x~bx|foxblmkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb -zzz%lc|k%dk/%Oc tkjo| lr t|klb cb ~crt o`~fx|ke| ~frx cb lwbcf~~b`be|lmkhocb|t t~fx|owbt t~do{rbt# dkx dbt| reb ~xoflb kr dfrxtlb ck{rbccb ck dffxloek|ofe b| cb dfe|xcb lb ck `f|xodo| eb tblwbcf~~be| be `flb kddcx% Kr dfrxt lb db||b ~xoflb krtto#cbt begke|t ko`be| ~xk|o{rbx db {roct k~~xbeebe| b| `btrxbx

cbrxt ~xfjxt%

Cb tkwfox-gkoxb ~myto{rb kr t|klb Gfx`k|ofe lbhktb ck ~xk|o{rb lkd|owo|t t~fx|owbt lr LC\^&K

Oc bt| bedfxb |xf~ ||# db t|klb# ~frx reb t~dokcotk|ofelket lbt t~fx|t lwbcf~~b`be| ~xfjxbttog% Hobe {rblb ef`hxbr} begke|t lb db jxfr~b ljb ~rottbe|`keogbt|bx reb ~xgxbedb ~frx re t~fx| fr re kr|xb# cbrxlwbcf~~b`be| k|mc|o{rb df`~cb| xb{robx| ck ~xk|o{rb lrewbe|koc lkd|owo|t# lfe| 8 fr 4 t~fx|t lot|oed|t%

To ck df`~|o|ofe bt| re kt~bd| o`~fx|ke|# oc lb`brxb{roc gkr| kwke| |fr| gfdkcotbx trx co`~cke|k|ofe lb db {rbcbegke| k ~xk|o{r b| efe oetot|bx trx ck wod|foxb |fr|~xo}% ^frx fh|beox cbt `boccbrxt xtrc|k|t cfej |bx`b# felfo| gkoxb be tfx|b {rb :> " lr |b`~t dfetkdx kr t~fx|tfo| xtbxw ck ~xk|o{rb t~fx|owb# b| 4>" tbrcb`be| ckdf`~|o|ofe%

db t|klb# fe lfo| krtto oetot|bx trx cb lwbcf~~b`be| lbck tfr~cbttb%

^frx cb lwbcf~~b`be| lb cbelrxkedb# fe ~br| df`~|bxtrx cbt ibr} b| cbt xbckot%%

^foe|t lb xb}ofe

Db t|klb bt| dbcro lr lwbcf~~b`be| b| lr ~bxgbd|ofeeb`be|lb |frt cbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| b| cbt l|bxòeke|t lbck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb b| lb dbcro lb ck~~xbe|ottkjb lbt mkhocb|tt~fx|owbt lb hktb% Cb dbxwbkr k ~xbt{rb k||boe| ck |koccb b|cb eowbkr lb df`~cb}o| lb cjb klrc|b b| oc bt| dk~khcb lb~bxgfx`kedbt |xt kwkedbt% Cbt begke|t {ro tb lwbcf~~be|

~crt |kxlowb`be| -dbr} dmb {ro ck ~rhbx| toet|kccb ~crt |kxl {rbdmb cbt kr|xbt/ fe| re kwke|kjb ~frx ckd{roto|ofe lbt mkhocb|tt~fx|owbt lb db t|klb lr gko| {roct lot~ftbe| lb ~crt lb |b`~t{rb cbt kr|xbt ~frx ck Gfx`k|ofe lb hktb ck ~xk|o{rb lkd|owo|tt~fx|owbt %

Cbt begke|t lb db jxfr~b ljb fe| reb olb dckoxb lbt t~fx|t{roct ko`be| b| lket cbt{rbct oct xrttottbe| hobe# b| oc gkr| |beoxdf`~|b lb db||b lfeeb% Fe lfo| oetot|bx ~frx {roct ~xk|o{rbe| 8fr 4 t~fx|t loggxbe|t# kr jx lbt tkotfet% Oc gkr| krtto wo|bx lbdfedbe|xbx trx re tbrc t~fx| ckeeb lrxke|%

Gfx`k|ofe lb hktb ck ~xk|o{rb lkd|owo|tt~fx|owbt @fybet lb lwbcf~~b`be| lrtkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb

Dfe|oerb lbedfrxkjbx cbt begke|t tklfeebx lbtibr} ~myto{rbt efe t|xrd|rxt kwbd cbrxt kòt# |frt cbtifrxt# hbkr |b`~t `krwkot |b`~t%

Oetdxowb cbt begke|t lbt ~xfjxk``bt lb t~fx| òebrxdmk{rb tkotfe# b| gko|bt be tfx|b {roct bttkobe| loggxbe|t~ft|bt fr loggxbe|bt ~xbrwbt oct ~frxxkobe| tbldfrwxox lbt |kcbe|t {roct eb dxfykobe| ~kt kwfox%

Bedfrxkjb cbt begke|t ~xf|bx lb |fr|bt cbt fddktofet{ro cbrx tfe| fggbx|bt lb ~xk|o{rbx loggxbe|t t~fx|t cdfcb# ~belke| cbt dfrxt llrdk|ofe ~myto{rb b|cbt kd|owo|t oe|xk`rxft# koeto {rb lket cbt {ro~btoe|bxtdfckoxbt# toc y be k%

Bttkyb lfh|beox {rb cbt begke|t ~kx|odo~be| lbt

kd|owo|t {ro tb lxfrcbe| trx |bxxb# lket cbkr b| trx ckebojb fr ck jckdb%

Gko|bt be tfx|b {rb cbt begke|t dfe|oerbe| lk`cofxbxcbrx tfr~cbttb# cbrx wo|bttb# cbrx belrxkedb b| cbrx gfxdb%^frx cb lwbcf~~b`be| lb ck gfxdb# oct lbwxkobe| r|ocotbxcb ~folt lb cbrx dfx~t# lbt hkccfet t|khocotk|brxt fr lbthkccfet lbe|xkeb`be| b| efe lbt ~folt b| mkc|xbtcfrxlt%

Cb ^CKOTOX lfo| |xb kr xbelbwfrt+


17/40


ckgg| lbt tojebt oelo{rke| ck e lb cbegkedbCb t|klb Gfx`k|ofe lb hktb ck ~xk|o{rb lkd|owo|t t~fx|owbt ~xbel e ckxxowb lb ck ~rhbx|# {ro tb `keogbt|b ~kx reb ~frttb lbdxfottkedb xk~olb&tfrlkoeb dkxkd|xot|o{rb lb db||b |k~b o`~fx|ke|b% Oc y k lbt `fybet to`~cbt lb ldbcbx cb lhr| lb cklfcbtdbedb#b| hfe ef`hxb lb ~kxbe|t fe| li cbt fr|oct b| cbt xbetbojeb`be|t lfe| oct fe| hbtfoe%

Lket hbkrdfr~ lb gk`occbt# oc y k re xo|rbc {ro dfetot|b `btrxbx ck |koccb lb cbegke| dmkdre lb tbt keeowbxtkoxbt ~frx wfox lb df`hobeoc k jxkelo tfrwbe| ``b# cbt |koccbt `btrxbt keeb k~xt keeb gfx`be| reb txob lbe|koccbt trx cb dklxb lb ~fx|b lb ck drotoeb% Be`kx{rke| ck |koccb k||boe|b dmk{rb keeowbxtkoxb# cbt ~kxbe|t tb lfeebe| re `fybe lb tkwfox f be bt| cbrx begke| lket tk dxfottkedb b|#be dfetolxke| cb dmb`oe gko| lb~rot ckeeowbxtkoxb ~xdlbe|# oct fe| reb olb lr xy|m`b kr{rbc cbegke| k jxkelo kr dfrxt lb ck lbxeoxbkeeb# db {ro cbrx ~bx`b| lwkcrbx cb xy|m`b lb dxfottkedb %

Be|xb cjb lb 7 ket b| cb lhr| lb ck ~rhbx|# cbt begke|t jxkelottbe| re xy|m`b kttb dfet|ke|# {ro tb to|rb bewoxfe 2 fr 7 d` ~kx

keeb% To wfrt trowb ck dxfottkedb lb wf|xb begke|# keeb k~xt keeb# b| {rb wfrt dfet|k|b reb keeb re jkoe tr~xobrx kr jkoemkho|rbc# dbt| {rb wf|xb begke| k be|k` tk ~frttb lb dxfottkedb lb cklfcbtdbedb b| {roc tbxk hobe|| be ~cboeb ~rhbx|% Be `btrxke|wf|xb begke| |frt cbt |xfot `fot# ~kx|ox lb cjb lb = ket# wfrt krxb reb o`kjb bedfxb ~crt ~xdotb lb tfe wfcr|ofe trx db ~cke% ^frxlb coegfx`k|ofe l|koccb db trib|# dfetrc|b cb lfdr`be| trx cb ~od lb dxfottkedb xk~olbtfrlkoeb cklxbttb zzz%lc|k%dk%

Gojrxb : Cb lhr| lb cklfcbtdbedb

Cb tkwfox-gkoxb ~myto{rb kr t|klb Gfx`k|ofe lbhktb ck ~xk|o{rb lkd|owo|t t~fx|owbt lr LC\^&K


18/40;=


Ckjoco|# c{rocohxb# ck dffxloek|ofe b| ck wo|bttb tfe| oelot~betkhcbt lket ~xbt{rb |frt cbt t~fx|t% Cb lwbcf~~b`be| lb dbt l|bxòeke|tbt| re c`be| bttbe|obc lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb# b| oc b}ot|b lbt kd|owo|t {ro be gkwfxotbe| ck~~xbe|ottkjb b| cb xkgeb`be|%

Dbx|koet t~fx|t b| kd|owo|t tfe| ~kx|odrcoxb`be| r|ocbt ~frx cb lwbcf~~b`be| lre fr lb ~crtobrxt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb%Cbt ~xoedo~kr} t~fx|t trx db ~cke tfe| cbt trowke|t 9

L|koct trx cbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe`f|xodb 9 re k|fr| lket |frt cbt t~fx|t

Ck jyèkt|o{rb bt| re b}dbccbe| `fybe ~frx re ibreb begke| lk~~xbelxb b| lb lwbcf~~bx tfe kjoco|# tfe {rocohxb b| tkdffxloek|ofe# |kelot {rb ck|mc|ot`b bt| bgdkdb ~frx lwbcf~~bx tk wo|bttb b| tk dffxloek|ofe%

Cb ~k|oekjb b| cb tao fggxbe| lb `bxwboccbrtbt fddktofet lb lwbcf~~bx c{rocohxb# ck dffxloek|ofe b| ck wo|bttb# |kelot {rb cbtfddbx kolb lwbcf~~bx wo|bttb# kjoco| b| dffxloek|ofe%

Be ~crt lb lwbcf~~bx ck dfekedb b| ckttrxkedb lket cbkr# ck ek|k|ofe b| ck ekjb tyedmxfeotb -K{rk^ckotox/ lwbcf~~be|c{rocohxb b| ck dffxloek|ofe%

Cb dydcot`b -fr ck ~ckedmb xfrcb||bt fr c{ro|k|ofe/ lwbcf~~be| c{rocohxb b| cwkcrk|ofe lb ck wo|bttb%


19/40


Df``be| |xfrwbx ckd|owo| t~fx|owb {ro dfewobe| wf|xb begke|Cb ltox {rk re begke| lb ~xk|o{rbx re t~fx| be ~kx|odrcobx lfo| |frifrxt |xb cb ~xbòbx c`be| ~xbelxb be dfetolxk|ofe {rkel wobe| cb|b`~t lb coetdxoxb re ~xfjxk``b t~fx|og% @kot oc y k krtto lbt gkfet lb l|bxòebx lket {rbct t~fx|t wf|xb begke| k cb ~crt lb dmkedblb}dbccbx% T~fx|Go| be bt| reb%

Dx ~kx 8>;> Cbjkdobt Efz b| cb jfrwbxeb`be| lb ck Dfcf`hobHxo|keeo{rb# T~fx|Go| bt| to`~cb`be| re {rbt|ofeekoxb be cojeb# fcbt begke|t ~brwbe| oetdxoxb cbrxt x~fetbt lbt {rbt|ofet to`~cbt trx cb t~fx| koeto {rb cbrxt xtrc|k|t lbt |bt|t ~myto{rbt gkdocbt xkcotbx -coegfx`k|ofe be cojeb oedcr| lbt b}~codk|ofet l|koccbt trx cbt |bt|t# {ro ~brwbe| |xb gko|t ck `kotfe ckolb lre {ro~b`be|xrlo`be|koxb/% Cb ~xfjxk``b oegfx`k|o{rb wkcrb betro|b cbt x~fetbt b| cbt xtrc|k|t kr} |bt|t b| ~xf~ftb lbt t~fx|t klk~|t kr ~xfclb cbegke|% Ck hbkr| lb ck dmftb# dbt| {rb cfxloek|brx ~br| wfrt gkoxb lbt trjjbt|ofet {ro eb wfrt tbxkobe| ik`kot wberbt cbt~xo|%

Wfrt ~frwb woto|bx cb to|b lb T~fx|Go| Dke cklxbttb zzz%t~fx||dkeklk%df`%

Dfet{rbedbt ~frx cbt ~kxbe|tDbck wbr| loxb {rb cbt ~kxbe|t b| cbt ~xbt|k|koxbt lb tfoetlbwxkobe| wboccbx db {rb cbt begke|t lfe| oct fe| ck dmkxjb kobe|ck ~fttohoco| lb ~xbelxb ~kx| |fr|bt dbt kd|owo|t ~belke| cbtkeebt dxrdokcbt lb lwbcf~~b`be| lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb%

Oc ~br| tkjox c lre fhibd|og logdocb k||boelxb lket cbtdfccbd|owo|t {ro lot~ftbe| lb ~br lb xbttfrxdbt ~frx cbt cfotoxt#koeto {rb ~frx cbt ~kxbe|t ~br gfx|ret% Db||b xkco| `fe|xb {rbc ~foe| cbt ~xfjxk``bt llrdk|ofe ~myto{rb fggbx|t lket cbtdfcbt tfe| o`~fx|ke|t# ~rot{roct xb~xtbe|be| cb tbrc `fybe lblfeebx \FRT cbt begke|t dkeklobet ck dmkedb lb lwbcf~~bx

cbrx tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb%

Cbt ~xfjxk``bt df``rekr|koxbt lb t~fx| b| lb cfotoxt fe| krttore xcb ifrbx% Lbt ~xfjxk``bt df``rekr|koxbt lb cfotoxt~frxxkobe| |xb òt trx ~obl coe|be|ofe lbt ~xklfcbtdbe|t9 fe ~frxxko| koeto tkttrxbx {rb cbt begke|t ~kx|odo~be| lbt~xfjxk``bt ~fcywkcbe|t dfrwxke| cb x~bx|foxb lr tkwfoxgkoxb~myto{rb# ~cr|| {r lbt ~xfjxk``bt dbe|xt b}dcrtowb`be| trxck lotdo~coeb t~fx|owb%

Cbt ~xfjxk``bt fggbx|t ~kx cbt fxjkeot`bt lb t~fx| òebrx`b||be| ckddbe|# hobe wolb``be|# trx cbrx ~xf~xb t~fx|# `kotdbt ~xfjxk``bt tbxkobe| tket lfr|b ~crt bgdkdbt bedfxb toctwotkobe| lwbcf~~bx re ckxjb wbe|koc lmkhocb|t ~myto{rbtjexkcbt# ~crt ~kx|odrcoxb`be| cfxt lbt kd|owo|t ldmkrggb`be|b| lb ~b|o|t ibr} ~cr|| {rb lb gkoxb ~fx|bx cbetbojeb`be|

b}dcrtowb`be| trx cbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb%

Mbrxbrtb`be|# re `frwb`be| bt| be `kxdmb cdmbccbek|ofekcb ~frx fh|beox {rb cbt fxjkeot`bt lb t~fx| |xkwkoccbe|lb dfedbx| b| wboccbe| `b||xb be ~ckdb ~frx cbt begke|t lbt~xfjxk``bt fggxke| re wbe|koc lkd|owo|t t~fx|owbt%

Gojrxb = Dxbx cbewoxfeeb`be| f~|o`kc ~frx ck~~xbe|ottkjb lbtgfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be|# lbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe`f|xodb b| lbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb



20/408>



Lkr|xbt mkhocb|t lwbcf~~bxOc bt| gkdocb lb df`~xbelxb ~frx{rfo cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb lfo|oedcrxb lbt mkhocb|t df``b dbccbt lb dfrxox b| lb tkr|bx# lbckedbx# lb hf||bx b| lk||xk~bx re fhib| koeto {rb ckjoco|# c{rocohxb#ck dffxloek|ofe b| ck wo|bttb# `kot cbt dmftbt tfe| `foetwolbe|bt ~frx lkr|xbt mkhocb|t# lfe| cbt lbr} ~crt o`~fx|ke|bttfe| ck dk~kdo| lwkcrk|ofe f~|odf`f|xodb {ro k ~frx ekco| ckdk~kdo| loe|bxdb~|ofe lre bejoe%

Tfejb re `f`be| db {roc gkr| `b||xb dfe|xohr|ofe ~frxk||xk~bx reb hkccb lb tfg|hkcc gxk~~b mkr| lket cbt koxt%

Toc bt| cb xdb~|ofeebrx cbegke| lfo| ~frwfox 9

Db||b dk~kdo| lb gkoxb lbt dkcdrct f~|odf`f|brxt b| loe|bxdb~|bxcbejoe ifrb re xcb bttbe|obc lket lb ef`hxbr} t~fx|t lb h|fe#lb hk||b b| lb xk{rb||b# {ro fhcojbe| cbegke| ~xloxb f ck hkccbfr ck xfelbccb tb loxojb# ~rot ~ckdbx tfe h|fe# tk hk||b fr tkxk{rb||b lb gkfe fh|beox re dfe|kd| tfcolb be|xb tfe fr|oc lbgxk~~b b| cbejoe be `frwb`be|%

Ck~~xbe|ottkjb lb dbt mkhocb|t df`~cb}bt edbtto|b lbr}dmftbt# b| bt| gkdoco| ~kx reb |xfoto`b 9

Gojrxb ? Cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb `eb reb wob kd|owb

Wfox ck hkccb {ro||bx cb h|fe b| ~xwfox f bccb k||bxxoxk%

Tb l~ckdbx wbxt cbelxfo| f oc dxfo| {rb ck hkccb wk |f`hbx b| ty xbelxb kwke| ~frx ck||xk~bx% Dbt| ck dk~kdo|loe|bxdb~|bx ck hkccb# reb mkhocb| lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb{roc cro gkr| lwbcf~~bx%

Betro|b# k||xk~bx ck hkccb+

Cb t|klb lb `k|rxk|ofe lr dbxwbkr b| lb ck wotofe lfo| |xbtrgtk``be| lwbcf~~ db {ro bt| cb dkt efx`kcb`be|be|xb cjb lb < b| : ket# db {rfo oc gkr| kifr|bx 9

Lb `rc|o~cbt fddktofet lb tb}bxdbx k||xk~bx# oe|bxdb~|bx b| gxk~~bx lbt fhib|t lb gfx`bt b| lb |koccbtlowbxtbt# kccke| lket loggxbe|bt loxbd|ofet lbt wo|bttbtwkxokhcbt -gko| oe|xbttke|# ~frx lb ef`hxbr} begke|t# oc bt|hbkrdfr~ ~crt logdocb lb}dr|bx dbt `frwb`be|t kwbdlb ~b|o|bt hkccbt {ro wfe| cbe|b`be|# {rkwbd lbt hkccbt tbl~ckke| reb ~crt jxkelb wo|bttb/%

Cbetbojeb`be| lbt hfeebt |bdmeo{rbt# be db {rodfedbxeb trx|fr| ck ~fto|ofe lr dfx~t b| db {roc gkr|trxwboccbx -~foe|t lb xb~xb tojeodk|ogt/# ~br| jxkelb`be|kolbx cbegke| hobe `k|xotbx dbt mkhocb|t bttbe|obccbt lrtkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb%


21/40


Cbt ~xfjxt lr Dkeklk trx cb ~cke lr lwbcf~~b`be| cfej |bx`b lr ~kx|odo~ke|&k|mc|b df``bedbe| oerbx trx ck gkfe lfe| dbx|koetfxjkeot`bt t~fx|ogt ~bxfowbe| cb lwbcf~~b`be| lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb% Dbx|koet lb dbt fxjkeot`bt# tfrt co`~rctofe lbt t~fx|t lbjckdb # ef```be| cb mfdaby# ck xoejrb||b# cb ~k|oekjb lb wo|bttb b| cb ~k|oekjb kx|ot|o{rb# l~cfobe| lbt bggfx|t dfeifoe|t ~frx oeo|obx cbtibrebt begke|t kr `felb lr ~k|oekjb ke lb lwbcf~~bx cbt mkhocb|t ~xf~xbt kr ~k|oekjb# koeto {rb ckjoco|# c{rocohxb b| ck dffxloek|ofetrx ck jckdb# b| gkoxb tfx|b {rb cbt begke|t ~rottbe| rc|xobrxb`be| ~xk|o{rbx cre fr ckr|xb -fr ~crtobrxt/ lb dbt t~fx|t# ~frx tk`rtbxtkoeb`be| fr ~frx ~frxtrowxb cb}dbccbedb t~fx|owb%

Khfxlke| cbt dmftbt loggxb``be|# dbx|koebt fxjkeotk|ofet cfdkcbt lb cfotoxt fggxbe| kr} ibrebt begke|t ck ~fttohoco| lb toetdxoxb lbt~xfjxk``bt t|belke| trx |fr|b ckeeb# {ro df`hoebe| coeo|ok|ofe loggxbe|t t~fx|t# bejcfhke| lbt fddktofet lb lwbcf~~bx cbtmkhocb|t `f|xodbt lb hktb b| cbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb ~kx lbt ibr} `flot%

Db||b efrwbccb k~~xfdmb bt| krtto òtb cbttko ~kx lbt |khcottb`be|t lb t~fx|% Lbt klòeot|xk|ofet lb ~otdoebt dfefowbe|lbt ~xfjxk``bt l oeo|ok|ofe kr} t~fx|t k{rk|o{rbt # {ro oe|jxbe| cbetbojeb`be| lbt xjcbt lb tdrxo| k{rk|o{rb lb hktb b|cbetbojeb`be| lbt xrlo`be|t lb ck ek|k|ofe |fr| be ~bx`b||ke| kr} begke|t lb gxkedmox reb ~xbòxb |k~b ~frwke| cbt `bebx ckek|k|ofe# kr zk|bx~fcf# ck ekjb tyedmxfeotb b| kr ~cfejbfe trx |xb`~coe%

Be gkotke| ~xbrwb lb dxk|owo|# cbt gfrxeottbrxt lb tbxwodbt lb cfotoxt cfdkr} b| lbt jxfr~bt lfxjkeot`bt ek|ofekr} lb t~fx| ~frxxkobe|`b||xb trx ~obl lbt ~xfjxk``bt df``b cbt trowke|t 9

Oeo|ok|ofe kr} t~fx|t lb hkccb 9 `fe|xbx kr} begke|t ckedbx# gxk~~bx# k||xk~bx# gkoxb lbt ~kttbt b| hf||bx# |fr|bt lbt mkhocb|t {roct~frxxkobe| `b||xb ~xf| rc|xobrxb`be| lket ck ~xk|o{rb lr hktab|hkcc# lr wfccbyhkcc# lr tfddbx# lr xrjhy# lr mkelhkcc b| lkr|xbt t~fx|ttoòckoxbt%

Oeo|ok|ofe kr} t~fx|t lb gxk~~b 9 `fe|xbx kr} begke|t gxk~~bx lbt fhib|t t|k|ofeekoxbt b| be `frwb`be| ckolb lre kttfx|o`be| lbh|fet b| lb xk{rb||bt# ~frx {roct kd{roxbe| cbt mkhocb|t lb hktb bttbe|obccbt ~frx cb tfg|hkcc# cb hktbhkcc# cb mfdaby# cb jfcg# cb |beeot# cbhklòe|fe# cb xkd{rb|hkcc fr cb t{rktm%

Oeo|ok|ofe kr} kd|owo|t trx cbkr 9 ~frx gkoxb be tfx|b {rb cbt begke|t tfobe| ckotb b| be tdrxo| c f tfe| ~xk|o{rt lbt t~fx|tekr|o{rbt b| cbrx ~xtbe|bx cbt loggxbe|t `flbt lb ~xf~rctofe lbt b`hkxdk|ofet 9 kwbd lbt ~kjkobt# lbt xk`bt b| lbt wfocbt ke lb cbtoedo|bx ~xk|o{rbx cb dkef|kjb# cb akyka# ckwoxfe b| ck wfocb%


\oggkeyHxfzeDff~bx


22/4088


Gojrxb ;> Cbt begke|t {ro k`fxdbe| |kxlowb`be| cbrx ~rhbx| fe| ~crt cfej|b`~t ~frx xkgebx cbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb

Be |ke| {rb ek|ofe# efrt lbwfet `flobx cbt gkfet lb wfox lb ef`hxbr} jxfr~bt {ro |xkwkoccbe| kr~xt lbt ibrebt begke|t% \xf~lfxjkeot`bt dfetolxbe| be bggb| cbt begke|t df``b reb xbttfrxdb {rb cbrx t~fx| lfo| xbdxr|bx b| dfetbxwbx ~frx cro tbrc cb ~crtcfej|b`~t ~fttohcb dbt| ck~~xfdmb {ro dfetot|b k||oxbx || b| jkxlbx cfej|b`~t # reb k~~xfdmb {ro coò|b lket tfe k`~cbrxcb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb {rb lwbcf~~be| cbt begke|t# loòerb cbrx lwbcf~~b`be| k|mc|o{rb jcfhkc b| b`~dmb re |xf~ jxkel ef`hxblbe|xb br} lb gkoxb cbttko lb loggxbe|t t~fx|t b| lb |xfrwbx dbcro {ro cbrx dfewobe| ~kxgko|b`be|% ck cfejrb# db||b k~~xfdmb lbttbx|b| cb t~fx| b| cbt begke|t%

Cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb ~br| krtto tbxwox lkttotb ck {r|b lbcb}dbccbedb t~fx|owb%

^frx k||boelxb cbt ~crt mkr|t eowbkr} lb}dbccbedb t~fx|owb lketcbt t~fx|t lwbcf~~b`be| ~xfjxbttog# oc gkr| bewoxfe ;> ket lb~xk|o{rb xtfcrb% Oc gkr| lwbcf~~bx cbt gfelb`be|t k|mc|o{rbtb| cbt dfetfcolbx kwke| lb ~kttbx ck t~dokcotk|ofe# dbt|loxb lb~bxgbd|ofeebx cbt mkhocb|t |bdmeo{rbt t~do{rbt xbcobt re~ft|b fr reb ~xbrwb lket reb lotdo~coeb t~fx|owb%

\xf~ tfrwbe|# ck trxt~dokcotk|ofe m|owb lket re tbrc t~fx| èb

ck t|kjek|ofe lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb# lbt ~bxgfx`kedbtrc|o`bt oegxobrxbt db {rbccbt krxkobe| ~r |xb koeto {r lbthcbttrxbt# c~rotb`be| b| reb xb|xko|b ~xdfdb lr t~fx|%

Cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb bt| lfed ck dc efe tbrcb`be| lbcklf~|ofe cfej |bx`b lre `flb lb wob oe|jxke| ckd|owo|~myto{rb# ~frx cb ~ckotox b| ~frx ck tke|# `kot krtto lrlwbcf~~b`be| lk|mc|bt kyke| cbt gfelb`be|t edbttkoxbt~frx k||boelxb cbt ~crt mkr|t dmbcfet lb}dbccbedb t~fx|owb trx cktdeb oe|bxek|ofekcb b| gkoxb ~kx|ob lb cco|b `felokcb%


Ck ~xk|o{rb lb ckd|owo| ~myto{rb bt| re kt~bd| lb ck wob ~crto`~fx|ke| ~frx ck tke| {rb |fr| kr|xb trx cb{rbc wfrt b}bxdb redfe|xcb% Lbt xbdmbxdmbt xdbe|bt xwcbe| {roc bt| ~xgxkhcb~frx wf|xb tke| lkwfox re trx~crt lb ~folt b| |xb kd|og {rblkwfox re ~folt efx`kc b| l|xb tlbe|koxb% Db||b xkotfe trg| bccb tbrcb irt|obx {rb cbt begke|t kd{roxbe| cbt dfeekottkedbt#cbt mkhocb|t b| cbt k||o|rlbt {ro cbrx lfeebe| ck `boccbrxb dmkedb~fttohcb lb lb`brxbx kd|ogt |fr|b cbrx wob%

[rkel re begke| k dfekedb lket tk dk~kdo| lb ~xbelxb ~kx| lbt kd|owo|t xdxk|owbt b| t~fx|owbt tket dxkoelxb lb tkgdmbx#

ck ~xfhkhoco| {roc wbroccb |xb lb ck ~kx|ob bt| cbwb1 b| tocko`b ckd|owo|# oc bt| ~xfhkhcb {roc wk cklf~|bx% Ck dfekedb{rk re begke| lket tk dk~kdo| lb tb `frwfox tb lwbcf~~bjxklrbccb`be| `btrxb {roc jxkelo| b| {roc k~~xbel# b| cbegke|df`~kxb dfet|k``be| tfe eowbkr dbcro lb tbt dk`kxklbt lbibr% Cbt begke|t ~fttlke| re tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb cro ~bx`b||ke|lb tb `frwfox lb gkfe bgdkdb TKWBE\ {roct hfrjbe| hobe b|db||b dfekedb cbt bedfrxkjb bttkybx lbt kd|owo|t efrwbccbt b|loggxbe|bt tket dxkoe|b%

Cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb ck dc lreb wob tkoeb b| kd|owb b| lb cb}dbccbedb t~fx|owb

= ? ;> ;; ;8 ;4 ;< ;2 ;7 ;: ;= ;?

Jkxfet

Goccbt

\b`~t ~frx lwbcf~~bxcbt mkhocb|t






Lwbcf~~b`be| ~xdfdb

Lwbcf~~b`be| `fybe

Lwbcf~~b`be| |kxlog

Lwbcf~~b`be| ~xdfdb

Lwbcf~~b`be| `fybe

Lwbcf~~b`be| |kxlog

jb


23/40


Lwbcf~~b`be| ~xdfdb b| lwbcf~~b`be| |kxlogCklfcbtdbedb bt| ck ~xoflb {ro t~kxb cbegkedb lb cjb klrc|b%B| to cb lhr| b| ck e lb db||b ~xoflb tfe| logdocbt leox#oc bt| jexkcb`be| |xt gkdocb lb dfet|k|bx {rre ibreb ~kttb# cwolbedb# ~kx cbt ef`hxbrtbt |xketgfx`k|ofet trx cbt ~cket~myto{rb# ~tydmfcfjo{rb# tfdokc b| t~fx|og {ro dkxkd|xotbe| db||b~xoflb%

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^br loe|bxwbeke|t lr òcobr lr t~fx| df`~xbeebe| cbt logdrc|t{rb lfowbe| trx`fe|bx cbt begke|t {ro fe| re lwbcf~~b`be|

~xdfdb b| dbr} {ro fe| re lwbcf~~b`be| |kxlog# logdrc|t {roeb tfe| ~kt cbt ``bt ~frx cbt jkxfet b| ~frx cbt ccbt% Db`ke{rb lb dfeekottkedb trx cb lwbcf~~b`be| ~xdfdb fr |kxlog#~br| df`~fx|bx lbt ltkwke|kjbt ~frx hfe ef`hxb lfxjkeot`btt~fx|ogt%

^frx cbt begke|t {ro tb lwbcf~~be| |kxlowb`be|# ck lrxb~crt cfejrb lb ck ~xoflb {ro tdfrcb be|xb ckd{roto|ofe lbtgfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| b| lbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe`f|xodb b| ckxxowb lb cklfcbtdbedb -wfox ck jrxb ;>/ lbwxko|xb~xtbe|bx re kwke|kjb% Kr dfrxt lb db||b ~xoflb# {ro bt| dbccblr t|klb Gfx`k|ofe lb hktb ck ~xk|o{rb lkd|owo|t t~fx|owbt# cb dfx~t mr`koe bt| lket re |k| f~|o`kc ~frx kd{rxox b|dfetfcolbx cbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt1 ~kx dfet{rbe|# ~crt db||b~xoflb lrxb cfej|b`~t# ~crt re begke| k ck ~fttohoco| lb hobelwbcf~~bx tbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt%

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b| be df`~|o|ofe# lbt f~~ftke|t ~crt jxft# ~crt gfx|t b| ~crtxk~olbt ebt| ~kt |frifrxt kjxkhcb# trx|fr| lket cbt t~fx|t lbdfe|kd|# b| cbt jkxfet {ro fe| re lwbcf~~b`be| |kxlog fe| kcfxt|belkedb khkelfeebx b| db# be l~o| lr gko| {r ck cfejrb#cbrx ~f|be|obc lb xrtto|b bt| tr~xobrx% @kot oc y k krtto lbtltkwke|kjbt kwfox re lwbcf~~b`be| ~xdfdb% Lt cb lhr|lb cbrx klfcbtdbedb# cbt jkxfet {ro fe| re lwbcf~~b`be|~xdfdb -klfcbtdbedb xbck|owb`be| xk~olb# `kot lb dfrx|b lrxb/tfe| ~crt jxft# ~crt gfx|t b| ~crt xk~olbt {rb cbrxt ~koxt# db{ro cbrx ~bx`b| tfrwbe| lb dfeek|xb cb trddt lket cb t~fx|%\fr|bgfot# cbrxt df{ro~obxt b| f~~ftke|t# kr lwbcf~~b`be||kxlog# {ro dfeekottbe| reb ~frttb lb dxfottkedb ~crt cfejrbb| tfr|berb# eottbe| ~kx cbt xk||xk~bx b| cbt trx~kttbx% [rkeloc lbwobe| wolbe| {rb cbrxt ~koxt kr lwbcf~~b`be| |kxlog tfe|ltfx`kot ~crt jxft# ~crt gfx|t b| ~crt mkhocbt {rbr}# cbt jkxfetkr lwbcf~~b`be| ~xdfdb fe| |belkedb ckottbx |f`hbx cb t~fx|wbxt ck e lb cklfcbtdbedb%

Goccbt 9 Hobe {rb cbt dmftbt tfobe| `foet |xkedmbt dmb cbt ccbt#oc tb`hcb {rre ~mefèb oewbxtb b}ot|b% Ck dxfottkedb xk~olblbt tboet b| ck~~kxo|ofe lbt mkedmbt# db {rfo oc gkr| kifr|bx cbt~xbttofet tfdokcbt oedo|ke| cbt ccbt ckottbx |f`hbx cb t~fx| krlhr| lb cklfcbtdbedb# tfe| lbt gkd|brxt {ro ~brwbe| ~frttbxcbt ccbt kr lwbcf~~b`be| ~xdfdb khkelfeebx cb t~fx|1 |kelot{rb cbrxt df{ro~oxbt lwbcf~~b`be| |kxlog# {ro dfeekottbe| cbtrddt t~fx|og jxdb cbrx dfx~t ~x~rhxb# gfe| gkdb kr} ``btlogdrc|t# `kot {rbc{rbt keebt ~crt |kxl%



24/408>:# ~crt lb ;4 " lbt ifrbrxt lb mfdaby xb~dmt lket ck cojrb lb mfdaby ireofx `kibrx |kobe| et be ikewobx# b| tbrcb`be|

< "# be ldb`hxb+ Dbck tk~~bccb cbggb| xbck|og lb cjb%

Cbt ~kxbe|t lfowbe| dfcckhfxbx kwbd cbt fxjkeot`bt lb t~fx| `oebrx ~frx |xfrwbx lbt `fybet lb xlroxb cbggb| xbck|og lb cjb# `fybet{ro oedcrbe| lbt `btrxbt krtto to`~cbt {rb lb ~xbelxb be df`~|b cjb ck lk|b lb ck df`~|o|ofe# ~cr|| {rb cjb kr lhr| lb ck tkotfelb df`~|o|ofe%


Gojrxb ;8 Wbe|ock|ofe lbt `fot lb ekottkedb lbt ifrbrxt xb~dmt ~kx ck Cojrb lb mfdaby lb cFe|kxof# ck Cojrb lb mfdaby lb cFrbt| b| ckCojrb lb mfdaby ireofx `kibrx lr [rhbd


26/4087


^frx {rb cb lwbcf~~b`be| lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb lbwobeebreb ~xofxo|# oc gkr| {rb |frt dbr} b| dbccbt {ro ifrbe| re xcb lketcb tfoe b| clrdk|ofe lbt begke|t kddb~|be| re dbx|koe ef`hxblb dmkejb`be|t b| {rb cbt ~xbt|k|koxbt lb tfoet# cb tyt|`bllrdk|ofe b| ck df``rekr| t~fx|owb |xkwkoccbe| be |xfo|bdfcckhfxk|ofe% Dfcckhfxk|ofe b| kd|ofe dfedbx|b ~bx`b||xfe| lb`b||xb be ~ckdb lbt ~xfjxk``bt wxo|khcb`be| k}t trx cbtbegke|t%

\xkwkoccbx betb`hcbLket cb ~ktt# oc y kwko| ~br lb cobet be|xb cbt dfcbt fggxke| lbtdfrxt llrdk|ofe ~myto{rb b| lbt ~xfjxk``bt lb t~fx| tdfckoxb

b| cbt jxfr~bt df``rekr|koxbt fggxke| lbt ~xfjxk``bt lbt~fx| xdxk|og b| lb t~fx| lco|b% Dmk{rb tbd|brx tb lwbcf~~ko|be wktb dcft# tket dffxloek|ofe jcfhkcb% ^frx {rb cfe ~rottbkddfxlbx kr lwbcf~~b`be| lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb reb ~ckdb~xofxo|koxb# oc gkr| {rb dbt |xfot tbd|brxt lkd|owo| dfcckhfxbe| ~crt|xfo|b`be| b| tkttrxbe| {rb cbt ibrebt ~brwbe| lwbcf~~bx cbrxtkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb tbcfe re ~xfdbttrt dfe|oer%

lrdk|brxt b| lrdk|xodbt lb ck ~b|o|b begkedbGfe| ~kx|ob lb db jxfr~b cbt ~kxbe|t {ro ~xbeebe| tfoe lb cbrxtbegke|t ck `kotfe df``b cbt ~xfgbttofeebct {ro |xkwkoccbe| lketcbt dbe|xbt ~xtdfckoxbt b| cbt jkxlbxobt%

Df``b clrdk|ofe ~myto{rb ebt| ~kt |frifrxt dfetolxbdf``b re kt~bd| ~xofxo|koxb lb ck gfx`k|ofe lbt lrdk|brxt b|lrdk|xodbt lb ck ~b|o|b begkedb kr Dkeklk# b| {rb hfe ef`hxblb ~kxbe|t eb tfe| ~kt hobe ~x~kxt oe|jxbx cbt kd|owo|t~xf~ftbt ~frx cbrx begke| kr t|klb Begke| kd|og # oc bt|jxkelb`be| edbttkoxb {rreb kolb b| lbt dfetboct tfobe| òt cbrx lot~fto|ofe% Mbrxbrtb`be|# oc b}ot|b lbt xbttfrxdbt |xt

r|ocbt# tkwfox cbt lfdr`be|t xreot tfrt cb |o|xb MF^9 Mbkc|mF~~fx|reo|obt gfx ^xbtdmffcbxt# {rb wfrt ~frwb |cdmkxjbx b|o`~xo`bx ~kx|ox lb cklxbttb Oe|bxeb| zzz%blrd%rwod%dk&gkdrc|y&|b`~cb&w|t|l&MF^&Gxk`btb|%m|` fr cklxbttb zzz%lc|k%dk#lket cbt cobet lr t|klb Begke| kd|og %

Dbt xbttfrxdbt ~xf~ftbe| |fr|bt tfx|bt lkd|owo|t eb xb{rxke|{rb |xt ~br lb `k|xobc b| lbt~kdb# {ro lfeebxfe| re hfe dfr~lb `koe kr} ~bxtfeebt tfrmko|ke| xbmkrttbx cb eowbkr lkd|owo|~myto{rb lbt ibrebt begke|t%

Efrhcob ~kt lb ifrbx+[rkel fe |xkwkoccb kwbd lb ibrebt begke|t# fe lfo| wboccbx cbtoeo|obx lb efrwbkr} ibr} b| lb efrwbccbt kd|owo|t% Fe lfo|krtto cbrx ckottbx lr |b`~t ~frx lbt ibr} efe t|xrd|rxt% Oc bt|mkho|rbccb`be| xbdf``kel lb ~xwfox be|xb 4> b| 7> òer|btlkd|owo| t|xrd|rxb ~frx cbt |fr|~b|o|t dmk{rb ifrx# b| lb xtbxwbx~crtobrxt mbrxbt lbt kd|owo|t crlo{rbt efe t|xrd|rxbt beckottke| cbegke| cb tfoe lk`fxdbx cbt kd|owo|t% Dbt ~xoflbtxtbxwbt lbt kd|owo|t crlo{rbt efe t|xrd|rxbt tfe| ~kxgfotk~~bcbt ~xoflbt lb ibr lcohx %

Kwfox lr xy|m`b# k df`~|bCbt mkhocb|t xy|mò{rbt lb hktb tfe| lwbcf~~bt kr dfrxtlbt |fr|bt ~xbòxbt keebt lb ck wob# b| cbegke| dmb {ro cb~xfdbttrt tb lxfrcb hobe k ck ~fttohoco| ~crt |kxl lb ~xk|o{rbx cklketb# ck `rto{rb fr lkr|xbt kd|owo|t kx|ot|o{rbt% Cbt kd|owo|txy|mò{rbt kolbe| krtto cbegke| tb `frwfox lb gkfe rolb#db {ro ~br| ckolbx k~~xbelxb cbt ~xoedo~kr} `frwb`be|t b|

kd{rxox cbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb kwbd ~crt lb gkdoco| b|lbgdobedb%

T~fx|

gl

xCfotoxt

lrdk|ofe ~myto{rbb| t~fx| tdfckoxb

Oedolbedbt trx cb tyt|`b llrdk|ofe b| trx cbtfxjkeot`bt lb t~fx| xdxk|og b| lkd|owo| ~myto{rb

Gojrxb ;4 \xfot t|xrd|rxbt lkddrboc |xkwkoccke| be df`~codo|


27/40


[rkel cbt begke|t efe| ~kt lwbcf~~ lb tkwfox-gkoxb ~myto{rb

Cb gko| lb eb ~kt kwfox lb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb k lbt dfet{rbedbt ~frx cbt begke|t# `kot krtto ~frx cbt ~xfjxk``bt tdfckoxbt# cbt~xfjxk``bt lb cfotoxt b| cbt ~xfjxk``bt lbt fxjkeot`bt t~fx|ogt%

Cbt ~xfjxk``bt tdfckoxbt 9 [rkel cbt cwbt kxxowbe| kr tbdfelkoxb tket kwfox lwbcf~~ kr ~xkckhcb cbrx tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb# cbtbetbojeke|t llrdk|ofe ~myto{rb lfowbe| dfetkdxbx hbkrdfr~ lb |b`~t cbt kolbx kd{rxox cbt mkhocb|t `f|xodbt b| t~fx|owbt {roctlbwxkobe| li kwfox k~~xotbt% Db |xkwkoc lb xk||xk~kjb bt| logdocb# b| to cbt cwbt efe| ~kt br lb trddt be lrdk|ofe ~myto{rb lket cb~ktt# oct fe| tfrwbe| lwbcf~~ reb k||o|rlb ejk|owb cjkxl lb db||b lotdo~coeb# b| oct eb tfe| ~kt lot~ftt ~kx|odo~bx ~cboeb`be|%

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xbel dbt ~xfjxk``bt wrcexkhcbt# lkr|ke| ~crt {rb lb ef`hxbrtbt `reodo~kco|t trxwboccbe| lb ~xt cbrxt l~betbt b| ~brwbe| ldolbxlb `b||xb re |bx`b dbt ~xfjxk``bt# wfoxb lb gbx`bx dbx|koet |khcottb`be|t% To cbt begke|t {ro efe| ~kt lb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rbtoetdxowbe| lbt ~xfjxk``bt lb cfotoxt b| lb t~fx|# oc lbwobe| logdocb ~frx cbt oet|xrd|brxt lfggxox re betbojeb`be| ck gfot kr} begke|t{ro fe| lb hfeebt mkhocb|t `f|xodbt b| dbr} {ro fe| hbtfoe lreb òtb eowbkr%

Cbt ~xfjxk``bt lbt fxjkeot`bt t~fx|ogt 9 Cb `ke{rb lb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb xlro| cb ef`hxb lk|mc|bt ~f|be|obct# b| to dbckxb~xtbe|b reb ~bx|b ~frx cbegke| bttbe|obccb`be|# oc lb`brxb {rb cbt {ro~bt cfdkcbt# ~xfwoedokcbt b| ek|ofekcbt eb ~brwbe| ~ktdf`~|bx trx re hkttoe lk|mc|bt krtto o`~ftke| {roc ~frxxko| c|xb# b| cbt ~bxgfx`kedbt lbt k|mc|bt eb tfe| ~kt f~|o`kcbt% Kr hfr|lr df`~|b# db tfe| cbt ~bxgfx`kedbt lr Dkeklk trx ck tdeb `felokcb {ro tfe| df`~xfòtbt% Dbck wbr| loxb krtto {rb cbt be|xkebrxtlfowbe|# kr} t|klbt @|k`fxmftb lr ~kx|odo~ke| be k|mc|b# T~dokcotk|ofe t~fx|owb b| B}dbccbedb t~fx|owb lr lwbcf~~b`be| cfej |bx`b lr ~kx|odo~ke|&k|mc|b# dfetkdxbx ~crt lb |b`~t kolbx cbt k|mc|bt lwbcf~~bx lbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb {roctkrxkobe| l k~~xbelxb `k|xotbx ~crt || lket cbrx dmbòeb`be|%

Oedolbedbt trx cb tyt|`b llrdk|ofe b| trx cbtfxjkeot`bt lb t~fx| xdxk|og b| lkd|owo| ~myto{rb

Gojrxb ;< Gkwfxotbx ck tke| dmb cbt ~xtdfckoxbt

B}b`~cbt lkd|owo|t |oxt lbtlfdr`be|t MF^ -Gkwfxotbx cktke| dmb cbt ~xtdfckoxbt/ 9b}dbccbe|bt kd|owo|t {rb~brwbe| r|ocotbx cbt ~kxbe|tb| cbt ~xbt|k|koxbt lb tfoet~frx lwbcf~~bx cbt mkhocb|t`f|xodbt kr t|klb Begke| kd|og-lb ck ekottkedb 7 ket/ lr

lwbcf~~b`be| cfej |bx`blr ~kx|odo~ke|&k|mc|b%

Wowobeb K% \b`~cbkel Irt|be ^% FDfeebx

|cdmkxjbx be dco{rke| trxzzz%blrd%rwod%dk&gkdrc|y&|b`~cb&w|t|l&~lg&MF^>2%~lg


28/408=


Cbt bggfx|t xb{rot ~frx tkttrxbx {rb |frt cbt begke|t fe| kddt re ckxjb wbe|koc lb ~fttohoco|t b| ~frx kttrxbx ck {rkco| lbcbetbojeb`be| fggbx| ~frx lwbcf~~bx cb tkwfoxgkoxb lbt begke|t xb~xtbe|be| |fr| re l% Re l ~kx|odrcoxb`be| logdocb ~frx cbtbegke|t {ro wowbe| lbt to|rk|ofet ~xfhc`k|o{rbt fr {ro tfe| ottrt lb ~f~rck|ofet |xklo|ofeebccb`be| tfrtxb~xtbe|bt lket cb tbd|brx lbckd|owo| ~myto{rb# lbt cfotoxt b| lr t~fx|% Cbt jxfr~bt tfrt xb~xtbe|t tfe| ef|k``be| 9

cbt ibrebt Kr|fdm|febt1 cbt ibrebt kyke| re mkelodk~1 cbt ccbt# be ~kx|odrcobx dbccbt {ro k~~kx|obeebe| re jxfr~b b|meo{rb {ro# |xklo|ofeebccb`be|# eb wkcfxotb ~kt ckd|owo| ~myto{rb1 cbt ibrebt lbt {rkx|obxt lgkwfxott%

Tkttrxbx {rb cbt ibrebt lb dbt jxfr~bt lgkwfxott lwbcf~~be| cbrx tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb bt| re l {rfe eb tkrxk xbcbwbx {r ckdfelo|ofe {rb cbt ~kxbe|t b| cbt ~xbt|k|koxbt lb tfoet cbegke| b}ojbe| {rb cbt dfcbt# cbt dbe|xbt ~xtdfckoxbt b| cbt jkxlbxobt# cbtdbe|xbt lb cfotoxt df``rekr|koxbt b| cbt fxjkeot`bt t~fx|ogt dfetolxbe| cb lwbcf~~b`be| lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb df``b reb ~xofxo|% db||b e# oc gkr| {rb |frt dbt oe|bxwbeke|t klf~|be| lbt ~xfjxk``bt dbe|xt trx cb lwbcf~~b`be| lb cbegke|# b| efe trx ckd|owo|t~fx|owb# b| oc gkr| krtto# dfet{rb``be|# {rb cbt ~kxbe|t b| cbt ~xbt|k|koxbt lb tfoet |obeebe| cbt fxjkeot`bt {ro |xkwkoccbe| kr~xtlb cbrxt begke|t ~frx xbt~fetkhcbt lb ck òtb be ~ckdb lkd|owo|t b| lb ~xfjxk``bt kttrxke| cb lwbcf~~b`be| lbt gfelb`be|t lr`frwb`be|# lbt l|bxòeke|t lb ck dfelo|ofe `f|xodb b| lbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb lbt begke|t# lb ck ekottkedb kr lhr| lbcklfcbtdbedb%

Oc gkr| ~kx koccbrxt {rb cbt ~kxbe|t kddfxlbe| cbrx tfr|obe kr} ~xfjxk``bt b| kr} fxjkeot`bt {ro gkwfxotbe| cb lwbcf~~b`be| lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb b|# c f dbt| ~fttohcb# {roct `b||be| lb d| cbt fxjkeot`bt {ro ebedfrxkjbe| ~kt trgtk``be| cb lwbcf~~b`be| lrtkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb fr {ro fggxbe| lbt kd|owo|t kddbe|rke| ck t~dokcotk|ofe re |xf~ ibreb jb%

^frx ~xf`frwfox cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb# cbt ~xfjxk``bt lfowbe| |xb dbe|xt trx cbegke|# |xb òt be rwxb tfrt co`~rctofe lbt~kxbe|t b| kwfox ck~~ro lbt dcrht# lbt dfcbt b| lbt dfccbd|owo|t%

Lwbcf~~bx cb tkwfox-gkoxb ~myto{rb dmbdmk{rb begke|

F lket cb tyt|`b t~fx|og dkeklobe cbt begke|t~brwbe|oct lwbcf~~bx cbrx tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb6Oc b}ot|b reb `rc|o|rlb lfddktofet ~frx cbt begke|t dkeklobetlb lwbcf~~bx cbrx tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb# db {ro cbrx ~bx`b||xklb tklfeebx lbt kd|owo|t t~fx|owbt gkwfxkhcbt ck tke| frlb ~frxtrowxb cb}dbccbedb t~fx|owb% Hfe ef`hxb lfxjkeot`btek|ofekr} b| ~xfwoedokr} lb t~fx| fe| lbt ~xfjxk``bt db| bggb| b| cb ef`hxb lb dbt ~xfjxk``bt krj`be|b tket dbttb% Oc ~br||xb kttb logdocb# ~kxgfot# lb l|bxòebx {rbccbt mkhocb|t rebegke| ~frxxk kd{rxox lket cb dklxb lre ~xfjxk``b lb t~fx| be~kx|odrcobx# b| dbt| ~frx{rfo efrt kwfet dx cb lokjxk``b ck~kjb {ro tro|%

^frx hobe r|ocotbx db| fr|oc# wfrt lbwb xb|beox lbr} dmftbt 9

Ck cot|b gfrxeob lket cb lokjxk``b ebt| ~kt leo|owb# ~rot{roc yk dfet|k``be| lbt dmkejb`be|t lket cbt ~xfjxk``bt fggbx|t%Bccb eb lfo| lfed tbxwox {r |o|xb oelodk|og%

Cbt mkhocb|t `f|xodbt {rb dmk{rb t~fx| ~bx`b| lb lwbcf~~bxeb gfe| ~kt crekeoò|% Ef|xb hr| bt| lb wfrt hxfttbx re |khcbkr lbetb`hcb ~br ~xt irt|b# b| efe lb wfrt lfeebxlb coegfx`k|ofe |xt b}kd|b trx reb mkhocb| fr re t~fx| be~kx|odrcobx%

Gojrxb ;2 Cbegke| kr drx lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb


29/40


Jxfr~btl*kd|owo|tt~fx|ow

bt

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Xfrjb 9 oelo{rb cbt t~fx|t cbt ~crt dfrxke|t dmb cbt ~bxtfeebtkyke| re mkelodk~ ~myto{rb fr reb lgodobedb oe|bccbd|rbccb%

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T~fx|t lb df`hk|

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T~fx|t lb jckdb&lb ebojb

T~fx|t oelowolrbct

T~fx|t trx cbkr

T~fx|t ~kxkcy`~o{rbt

T~fx|t lb xk{rb||b

T~fx|t lb ~xdotofe

T~fx|t l{ro~b

T~fx|t {ro lwbcf~~be| gkwfxkhcb`be| db |y~b lmkhocb| lb hktb

T~fx|t {ro lwbcf~~be| flx`be| db |y~b lmkhocb| lb hktb

T~fx|t {ro lwbcf~~be| ~br fr ~kt db |y~b lmkhocb| lb hktb

Gkòccbt lb t~fx|t

T~fx|t l{ro~b -|bxxkoe/HktbhkccDxodab|Mfdaby trx jkfeGff|hkccDxfttbXrjhyTfddbxTfg|hkccGxothbb rc|o`b

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\beeot

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T~fx|t l{ro~b -tkccb/Hktab|hkccWfccbyhkcc

T~fx|t trx cbkrDkefakykaKwoxfeTao ekr|o{rb^ckedmb ekr|o{rb_kdm|oej

T~fx|t ~kxkcy`~o{rbtJfkchkcc -lgodobedb wotrbccb/Hfddok -~kxkcytob dxhxkcb/Xrjhy be gkr|broc xfrcke| -{rklxk~cjob/Mfdaby trx crjb -lowbxt mkelodk~t/

Lwbcf~~bx cb tkwfox-gkoxb ~myto{rb dmbdmk{rb begke|


30/404>


`btrxb {rb cb Dkeklk ~bkreb b| `b| be rwxb tfe ~xfjxk``b lb lwbcf~~b`be| cfej |bx`b lr ~kx|odo~ke|&k|mc|b -zzz%lc|k%dk/# cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb lbwobe| reb ef|ofe lb ~crt be ~crt o`~fx|ke|b% Loggxbe|t t~fx|t b| jxfr~bt lb t~fx|t tbggfxdbe| lb dxbx lbt~xfjxk``bt ~frx cbt ibrebt begke|t fr lk`cofxbx dbr} {ro b}ot|be| li b|# ~frx ck ~xb`oxb gfot lb~rot hobe lbt keebt# cbt dfcbtb| cbt fxjkeot`bt lb t~fx| fe| re ckejkjb df``re b| reb k~~xfdmb df``reb% Oc gkr| {rb dbt bggfx|t dfedbx|t b| db||b dfcckhfxk|ofetb ~xf~kjbe| b| {rb |frt cbt oe|bxwbeke|t# lket cbt dbe|xbt ~xtdfckoxbt b| cbt jkxlbxobt# lket cbt dfcbt b| cbt dbe|xbt lb cfotoxtdf``rekr|koxbt koeto {rb lket cbt fxjkeot`bt lb t~fx|# dfeirjrbe| cbrxt bggfx|t ~frx dxbx ck ~xb`oxb jexk|ofe lbegke|t dkeklobetlf|t lre tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb%

^xfdmkoebt |k~bt

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Creb lbt olbt `k|xbttbt lket cb lwbcf~~b`be| cfej |bx`b lr ~kx|odo~ke|&k|mc|b bt| dbccb lb Akobe fr lb ck`cofxk|ofe dfe|oerb%Coegfx`k|ofe ~xtbe|b lket cb ~xtbe| lfdr`be| xb~ftb trx cbt xbdmbxdmbt tdobe|o{rbt cbt ~crt xdbe|bt b| trx cb tkwfox b| cb}~xobedb

lb ~bxtfeebt {ro |xkwkoccbe| be kd|owo| ~myto{rb b| be t~fx| kr~xt lbt ~xklfcbtdbe|t% `btrxb {rb cbt dfeekottkedbt tbexodmoxfe|#dbx|koet lbt l|koct gfrxeot odo ~frxxkobe| |xb xb`~ckdt ~kx lbt lfeebt efrwbccbt b| `boccbrxbt b| dbt| hobe koeto%

Ck hfeeb efrwbccb# dbt| {roc y k lbt k`cofxk|ofet b| lbt dmkejb`be|t b}do|ke|t lket ck `f|owk|ofe lb lwbcf~~bx cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rbkr Dkeklk% Cbt jfrwbxeb`be|t ~kx|fr| kr ~kyt df``bedbe| wfox cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb df``b re fr|oc ~rottke| lket ck cr||b dfe|xbcfhto| dmb cbt begke|t b| k~~fx|be| cbrx k~~ro kr} xbdmbxdmbt trx cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb%


31/40


\xfrttb lb cfhhyoej lbt ~kxbe|t - ~mf|fdf~obx kr hbtfoe/

Cbt ~kxbe|t b| cbt ~xbt|k|koxbt lb tfoet lbwxkobe| bedfrxkjbx cbt dbe|xbt ~xtdfckoxbt# cbt dfcbt# cbt fxjkeot`bt lb cfotoxtdf``rekr|koxbt b| cbt fxjkeot`bt lb t~fx| fggxox lbt ~xfjxk``bt lkd|owo| ~myto{rb lb {rkco|% Cre lbt `fybet cbrx lot~fto|ofedfetot|b ~ftbx cbt hfeebt {rbt|ofet% Hobe {rb efe b}mkrt|owb# ck cot|b {ro tro| fggxb re hfe `fybe lk`fxdbx ck lotdrttofe%

[rbt|ofet 9 xfjxk``bt ~xtdfckoxbt b| tdfckoxbt

Kèkjb`be|t t~fx|ogt

;% Cbt begke|t fe|oct kddt re bt~kdb b}|xobrx kttb jxkel# foct ~brwbe|# be |fr|b tdrxo|# dfrxox b| ifrbx lbt ibr} wojfrxbr}#y df`~xot lbt hf||t b| lbt ckedbxt6Fro Efe

8%Cbt begke|t fe|oct kddt re bt~kdb oe|xobrx kttb jxkel# foct ~brwbe|# be |fr|b tdrxo|# dfrxox b| ifrbx lbt ibr} wojfrxbr}#y df`~xot lbt hf||t b| lbt ckedbxt6Fro Efe

4% Dbt bt~kdbt tfe|oct lot~feohcbt tbrcb`be| kr} mbrxbtxtbxwbt lbt kd|owo|t fxjkeotbt# fr tfe|oct krtto kddbttohcbt lkr|xbt `f`be|t ~frx lbt kd|owo|t tfe|oct6Fro Efe

% C{ro~b`be| bt|oc lot~feohcb ~frx lbt kd|owo|t cohxbt frtbrcb`be| lbt `f`be|t ~xdot6Fro Efe

;;% C{ro~b`be| bt|oc |xt dfcfx b| be hfe |k|6Fro Efe

^xfjxk``bt b| ~bxtfeebc

;8% ^frx cbt hht# cmfxkoxb {rf|olobe oedcr|oc reb ~xoflb lkr`foet 4> òer|bt xtbxwb lbt ibr} t|xrd|rxt -tfrt ck loxbd|ofe

lre klrc|b/# b| db# |frt cbt ifrxt6Fro Efe

;4% ^frx cbt |fr|~b|o|t b| cbt begke|t# cmfxkoxb {rf|olobe oedcr|ocreb ~xoflb lkr `foet 7> òer|bt xtbxwb lbt ibr} t|xrd|rxt-tfrt ck loxbd|ofe lre klrc|b/# b| db# |frt cbt ifrxt6Fro Efe

;% Cbt begke|t kyke| re mkelodk~ tfe|oct oe|jxt |fr|bt cbtkd|owo|t ~myto{rbt6Fro Efe


32/4048


Dfedcrtofe |oxbx tbcfe cb ef`hxb lb x~fetbt kgx`k|owbt- Fro / fh|berbt 9

Be|xb ;: b| 8> 9 Db ~xfjxk``b gkwfxotb re lwbcf~~b`be|f~|o`kc lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb% Dfe|oerb loetdxoxb wf|xb begke| db ~xfjxk``b b| oedo|b lkr|xbt ~kxbe|t y oetdxoxb cbrxtbegke|t%

Be|xb ;4 b| ;7 9 Oc tkjo| lre hfe ~xfjxk``b {ro ~frxxko| |xbb}dbccbe| to fe y k~~fx|ko| {rbc{rbt ~b|o|bt k`cofxk|ofet%Lotdr|b kwbd cbt xbt~fetkhcbt lbt `fybet {roct ~frxxkobe|~xbelxb ~frx k`cofxbx cbrx ~xfjxk``b% Oc bt| ~xfhkhcb {roctkddrboccbxfe| gkwfxkhcb`be| wft df``be|koxbt ~rot{roct fe|# cwolbedb# cb tfrdo lb lwbcf~~bx cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb lbtbegke|t%

Be|xb ? b| ;8 9 Db ~xfjxk``b eb ~bx`b| ~kt lb lwbcf~~bxcb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb lbt begke|t# be l~o| lb ck ~b|o|b ~ckdbckottb ckd|owo| ~myto{rb% Wfrt lbwb kwfox reb lotdrttofetxobrtb kwbd cbt xbt~fetkhcbt lr ~xfjxk``b ~frx cbt kolbx ck`cofxbx% Toct eb `fe|xbe| krdreb wfcfe| lk`cofxbx cbtdmftbt# df``bedb dmbxdmbx re kr|xb ~xfjxk``b ~frx wf|xbbegke|%

@foet lb ? 9 To lkr|xbt ~xfjxk``bt tfe| lot~feohcbt lketwf|xb dfccbd|owo|# b`~xbttbwfrt lb cbt dfe|kd|bx# tket mto|bx#xbetbojebwfrt cbrx ~xf~ft b| oetdxowb wf|xb begke| re~xfjxk``b {ro kddfxlb reb `boccbrxb ~ckdb kr lwbcf~~b`be|lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb%

[rbt|ofet 9 xfjxk``bt t|xrd|rxt lb t~fx|òebrxKèkjb`be|t t~fx|ogt

;% Cbt begke|t fe|oct kddt |fr| cbt~kdb edbttkoxb ~frxlwbcf~~bx cbrxt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt b| ifrbx lbt ibr} wojfrxbr}#be |fr|b tdrxo|6Fro Efe

8% Cbt begke|t fe|oct kddt |fr| cbt~kdb edbttkoxb ~frx~xk|o{rbx cbrx t~fx| koeto {rb ~frx dfrxox b| ifrbx lbt ibr}wojfrxbr}6Fro Efe

4% Cbt~kdb lot~feohcb bt|oc k~~xf~xo# df`~|b |ber lr t~fx|~xk|o{r6Fro Efe

%Cbt begke|t fe|oct kddt c{ro~b`be| t~fx|og cfxt lbt~xoflbt lkd|owo|t cohxbt# {ro ~brwbe| koeto tb lxfrcbx be |fr|btdrxo| fr efe|oct kddt db| {ro~b`be| {rb cfxt lbt~xoflbt lkd|owo|t t|xrd|rxbt b| tr~bxwotbt6Fro Efe

^xfjxk``bt b| ~bxtfeebc

;;% Cbt gfelb`be|t lr `frwb`be| b| cbt l|bxòeke|t lb ckdfelo|ofe `f|xodb tfe|oct k~~xot# dfetfcolt b| òt be ~xk|o{rblket ck tkedb6Fro Efe

;8% Cbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt lb hktb tfe|bccbt k~~xotbt#dfetfcolbt b| òtbt be ~xk|o{rb lket ck tkedb6Fro Efe

;4% Fggxb|fe reb dmkedb jkcb |frt cbt begke|t lk~~xbelxb b|lb ~xk|o{rbx6Fro Efe

;"lr |b`~t ck ~xk|o{rb lr t~fx|# b| kr ~crt 4> " lr |b`~t ckdf`~|o|ofe/6Fro Efe



33/40



;:% Bt|db {rb cbt klrc|bt {ro loxojbe| cbt ibrebt `b||be| ckddbe|trx ck~~xbe|ottkjb b| ck`cofxk|ofe lbt mkhocb|t t~fx|owbt# b|efe trx ck wod|foxb6Fro Efe

;=% Cbt loxojbke|t lr t~fx| b| cbt be|xkebrxt tfe|oct l`be|gfx`t fr dbx|ot6Fro Efe

;?% To cb jxfr~b df`~xbel lbt begke|t kyke| re mkelodk~# dbtlbxeobxt tfe|oct oedcrt lket |fr|bt cbt kd|owo|t ~myto{rbt6Fro Efe

8>% Cbt loxojbke|t lr t~fx| b| cbt be|xkebrxt gfe|oct be tfx|b {rbcb t~fx| tfo| k`rtke|6Fro Efe

Wbroccb gkoxb cb ldf`~|b lbt x~fetbt kgx`k|owbt%Dfedcrtofe |oxbx tbcfe cb ef`hxb lb x~fetbt kgx`k|owbt- Fro / fh|berbt 9

Be|xb ;: b| 8> 9 Db ~xfjxk``b gkwfxotb re lwbcf~~b`be|f~|o`kc lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb% Dfe|oerb loetdxoxb wf|xb begke| db ~xfjxk``b b| oedo|b lkr|xbt ~kxbe|t y oetdxoxb cbrxtbegke|t%

Be|xb ;4 b| ;7 9 Oc tkjo| lre hfe ~xfjxk``b {ro ~frxxko| |xbb}dbccbe| to fe y k~~fx|ko| {rbc{rbt ~b|o|bt k`cofxk|ofet%Lotdr|b kwbd cbt xbt~fetkhcbt lbt `fybet {roct ~frxxkobe|~xbelxb ~frx k`cofxbx cbrx ~xfjxk``b% Oc bt| ~xfhkhcb {roctkddrboccbxfe| gkwfxkhcb`be| wft df``be|koxbt ~rot{roct fe|# cwolbedb# cb tfrdo lb lwbcf~~bx cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb lbtbegke|t%

Be|xb ? b| ;8 9 Db ~xfjxk``b eb ~bx`b| ~kt lb lwbcf~~bxcb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb lbt begke|t# be l~o| lb ck ~b|o|b ~ckdbckottb ckd|owo| ~myto{rb% Wfrt lbwb kwfox reb lotdrttofetxobrtb kwbd cbt xbt~fetkhcbt lr ~xfjxk``b ~frx cbt kolbx ck`cofxbx% Toct eb `fe|xbe| krdreb wfcfe| lk`cofxbx cbtdmftbt# df``bedb dmbxdmbx re kr|xb ~xfjxk``b ~frx wf|xbbegke|%

@foet lb ? 9 To lkr|xbt ~xfjxk``bt tfe| lot~feohcbt lketwf|xb dfccbd|owo|# dfrxxb wo|b y oetdxoxb wf|xb begke|# ekybkrdreb mto|k|ofe# xbetbojebwfrt trx dbt kr|xbt ~xfjxk``bt b|oetdxowb wf|xb begke| re ~xfjxk``b {ro kddfxlb reb `boccbrxb~ckdb kr lwbcf~~b`be| lr tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb%

Ckd|ofe lbt ~kxbe|t 9 dmbòeb`be| ~kx |k~bt

^frx fh|beox lbt dmkejb`be|t lket cbt ~xfjxk``bt fggbx|t# wfrtlbwb lkhfxl# be |ke| {rb ~kxbe|t# wfrt xbetbojebx trx cb tkwfoxgkoxb ~myto{rb b| cb lwbcf~~b`be| cfej |bx`b lr ~kx|odo~ke|&k|mc|b# ~rot xreox lb coegfx`k|ofe trx cbt ~xfjxk``bt fggbx|t cdfcb b| lket ck dfccbd|owo| b|# bee# |xb ~x|t lgbelxbwft olbt cfxt lbt xreofet ~kxbe|tbetbojeke|t b| lbt xreofetlbt fxjkeot`bt lb t~fx| òebrx lb `keoxb fh|beox cbtdmkejb`be|t tfrmko|t%

^xbòxb |k~b 9 Coxb b| df`~xbelxb cb lfdr`be| Kr Dkeklk#cb t~fx| dbt| ~frx ck wob% ^frx ~crt loegfx`k|ofe# dfetrc|bzzz%lc|k%dk# zz%dfkdm%dk# b| zzz%dk~mbxl%dk

Lbr}o`b |k~b 9 R|ocotb cb {rbt|ofeekoxb ~xdlbe| ~frxdrboccox coegfx`k|ofe trx cbt ~xfjxk``bt ~xtdfckoxb# tdfckoxb#df``rekr|koxb b| lb t~fx| òebrx kr}{rbct bt| b}~ft wf|xbbegke|%

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34/404;>cbjkdobtefz%df`&88;&Cklxbttb f wfrt ~frwb |cdmkxjbx cb}dbccbe|b hxfdmrxb MF^ -Mbkc|my F~~fx|reo|obt gfx ^xbttdmffcbxt/ {ro ~fx|b trx ckd|owo|~myto{rb dmb cbt ibrebt ljb ~xtdfckoxb%

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Dmo# @%\%M%# %I% Gbc|fwodm b| X% Jcktbx% Dk|bjfxok|ofe kelxb~xbtbe|k|ofe fg ~mytodt ~xfhcb`t hy b}~bx|t kel efwodbt #Dfjeo|owb Tdobedb# wfc% 2# ;?=;# ~% ;8;;28%

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Xgxbedbt

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Xgxbedbt

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38/404=


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Xgxbedbt


39/40


^rhco ~kx cbt Dbe|xbt dkeklobet rc|ot~fx|t

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^k|xo foeb dkeklobe%

\oggkeyHxfzeDff~bx


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Lwbcf~~bx cb tkwfox-gkoxb ~myto{rbJrolb ~frx cbt ~kxbe|t lbegke|t lb > ;8 ket

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