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DGM07: Research Methodology
SESSION 1
April 2, 2011
Dr. Naseem Abidi
1-2
Business research provides information to guide business decisions
The primary purpose of research is to reduce the level of risk of a business decision
A process of determining, acquiring,analyzing, synthesizing, and disseminatingrelevant business data, information, andinsights to decision makers in ways thatmobilize the organization to take appropriate business actions that, in turn, maximize business performance.
Business Research Defined
Studying Business Research
Complex Decisions
Stakeholder Influence
Stakeholder Influence
CompetitionCompetition
FactorsFactors
Growth of Internet
Business as a discipline
Business as a discipline
Government InterventionGovernment Intervention
Greater Computing
Power
Greater Computing
Power
New Research Perspectives
New Research Perspectives
Business Planning Drives Business Research
Organizational Mission
BusinessStrategies
BusinessTactics
Business Goals
Is sufficient time available before
a managerial decision
must be made?
Is the infor-mation already
on handinadequate for making
the decision?
Is the decision of considerable
strategicor tactical
importance?
Does the value of the research
informationexceed the cost of conducting
research?
ConductingBusinessResearch
Do Not Conduct Business Research
Time ConstraintsAvailability of
Data Nature of the DecisionBenefits vs. Costs
Yes YesYesYes
No No No No
Determining When to Conduct Business Research
Sources of Business Intelligence
Business Intelligence
Government/Regulatory
Economic
Competitive
Demographic
Technological Cultural/Social
Hierarchy of Business Decision Makers
Visionaries
Intuitive Decision Makers
Standardized Decision Makers
Visionaries
Information Value Chain
Characteristics
Data collection/ transmission
Data interpretation
Models
Decisionsupport systems
Data management
Characteristics of Good Research
Clearly defined purposeClearly defined purpose
Detailed research processDetailed research process
Thoroughly planned designThoroughly planned design
High ethical standardsHigh ethical standards
Limitations addressedLimitations addressed
Adequate analysisAdequate analysis
Unambiguous presentationUnambiguous presentation
Conclusions justifiedConclusions justified
CredentialsCredentials
Who Conducts Research?
Language of Research
Variables
ModelsModels
TheoryTheory
Terms usedin research
Terms usedin research
Constructs
Operationaldefinitions
Operationaldefinitions
Propositions/Hypotheses
Propositions/Hypotheses
Conceptualschemes
ConceptualschemesConceptsConcepts
Clarifying the Research Question
• Management-research question hierarchy
• Begins with management dilemma
Management-Research Question Hierarchy
Formulating the Research Question
Types of Management Questions
The Research Question
Determine necessary evidence
Determine necessary evidence
Set scope of study
Set scope of study
Examine variables
Examine variables
Break questions
down
Break questions
down
Evaluate hypothesesEvaluate
hypotheses
Fine-TuningFine-Tuning
Performance ConsiderationsPerformance Considerations
Investigative Questions
Attitudinal IssuesAttitudinal Issues
Behavioral IssuesBehavioral Issues
Proposing Research
• Budget Types– Rule-of-thumb– Departmental– Task
The Research Proposal
Delivery
Legally-bindingcontract
Legally-bindingcontract
ObligationsObligations
Written proposals establish
Written proposals establish
Methods
TimingTiming
BudgetsBudgets
ExtentExtentPurposePurpose
Designing Research
Designing the
Research Project
Designing the
Research Project
Research Design
Research Design
SamplingDesign
SamplingDesign
Pilot TestingPilot Testing
Data CollectionData Characteristics• Abstractness• Verifiability• Elusiveness• Closeness
Reducing data to manageable sizeReducing data to manageable size
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Developing summariesDeveloping summaries
Looking for patternsLooking for patterns
Applying statistical techniquesApplying statistical techniques
Reporting the Results
Research Report
Research Report
ExecutiveSummaryExecutiveSummary
ResearchOverviewResearchOverview
TechnicalAppendixTechnicalAppendix
ImplementationStrategies
ImplementationStrategies
3-26
The Research Overview
Problem’s backgroundProblem’s background
Summary of exploratory findingsSummary of exploratory findings
Research design and proceduresResearch design and procedures
ConclusionsConclusions
The Research Proposal
Purpose
Present management question
Propose necessary data
Suggest data collection
and analysis
Discuss research
efforts
Proposal Development
Proposal Complexity