Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Dhaka : Capital city of Bangladesh
• Population : 14.4 million (2011)
• Area : 302.92 Km2
• Population density : 47537.3 per Km2
• Growth rate : 4.2%
Dhaka
Road network
Approximately 3,000 km
• 200 km primary road,
• 110 km secondary road,
• 50 km feeder road and
• 2,640 km narrow road
• 400 km of footpaths , 90 foot over bridge , 4 Underpass
• 152 bus routes with 237 bus stops in the DMA (only 5 bus routes in East-West direction)
Water way :
70 km Circular water way and newly added Hatir jil water bus
Railway
20 pairs of DEMO Train
Study Area: Dhaka Metropolitan Area (DMA)
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
-2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Walking Bicycle Rickshaw CNG Bus,Pub MC Car&Taxi
Rickshaw : 3.6km
CNG : 8.7km
Bus : 9.7km
Motorcycle : 7.4km
Car & Taxi : 8.7km
Source: RSTP 2015
Average Trip length of DMA Area: 5.3 Km
Consultation meetings
• First consultation meeting on 4th May 2018 at DTCA
• Second consultation meeting on 6th June 2018 at DTCA
• Third consultation meeting on 10th June 2018 at Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
• Forth consultation meeting on 4th September at DTCA
SUTI for Dhaka
Main Objective of is to evaluate overall existing transportation system using 10 indicators developed by UNESCAP of DMA
Indicators Description
1 Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities
and infrastructure for active modes
2 Modal share of active and public transport in commuting
3 Convenient access to public transport service
4 Public transport quality and reliability
5 Traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants
6 Affordability – travel costs as part of income
7 Operational costs of the public transport system
8 Investment in public transportation systems
9 Air quality (PM10)
10 Greenhouse gas emissions (CO2eq tons/year)
10 indicators of SUTI
Definition : Extent to which latest transport master plan covers public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes
Data Collection Approach :
• Revised Strategic Transport Plan (RSTP) Report, 2015
• National integrated multimodal transport policy (NIMTP) 2013
Indicator 1: Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes
Aspects Explanation Score
Walking Networks -For DMA area there are qualitative goals like: Pedestrian First policy
-Pedestrian overpass and underpass is built at some major junctions
-Budget regarding the improvement of walking facilities are increasing day by day.
2
Cycling Networks -There is no clear vision or goals regarding cycling facility in DMA area
-Very few designations seen in plans as a support to other facilities
-There is no specific budget or funding plan
1
Intermodal Transfer
Facilities
-Qualitative goals are proposed for ensuring mobility and interchange facility.
-Intermodal facilities exist at major bus, rail and launch terminals
- Some funding is proposed for developing new bus terminals in RSTP
2
Public Transport -- Mass transit line ( 5 MRT & 2 BRT ) is proposed.
- Bus sector reform project initiated but not get much priority
- Circular waterway from Shadarghat to Ashulia to Kachpur & Frequency of DEMO train isincreasing.
- Sufficient budget is secured
3
Indicator 1: Scoring Analysis
Measures to Improve
• Dedicated bicycle networks along major roads and adequate budget needs to be secured.
• Continuous footpath in the DMA area should be planned with ramps for special need people.
• Overpass or underpass at the intersections for crossing
• Intermodal facility should be developed at all existing and future transit nodes.
• Immediate implementation of Bus sector reform project
Indicator Value Year Comments
Sum score
value to enter
in data sheet
for indicator 1
8 2015
Score is based on
‘Revised Strategic
Transport Plans (RSTP),
2015’ for Dhaka city.
Indicator 1
Definition : • Percentage of Public and active transport to overall trips
Data collection Approach • Revised Strategic Transport Plan (RSTP) , 2016
• Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS), 2009
Indicator 2 : Modal share of active and public transport in commuting
Public Transport▪ Bus▪ Train▪ Rickshaw▪ CNG▪ Auto tempo/Leguna
Active Transport▪ Walking▪ Bicycle
Indicator 2 Mode Trip Numbers %
Bus 1353760 56.19
Auto Tempo/ Laguna 96289 3.997
CNG/ Auto 206251 8.561
Rickshaw (Non-Motorized) 35429 1.471
Public Transport 1691729 70.22
Taxi 1330 0.055
car 87150 3.617
Motor cycles 29529 1.226
Trucks and Mini Van 192650 7.997
Individual Motorized Transport 310658 12.89
Bicycle 5186 0.215
Walking 401585 16.67
Active Transport 406771 16.88
Grand Total 2409158 -
Public and Active 2098500 -
Modal Share of Active and
Public Transport
87.11%
Measures to Improve
• Quality and reliable Bus service to keep this high share
• Once MRT and BRT will be in operation public transport share may improve
Indicator Value Year Comments
Modal share of
active and public
transport trips in
commuting (%)
87.11 2015
Data is based
on an update
of travel
survey of
2015.
Indicator 2
ASPECTS QUANTITY
Total Population of Core
Dhaka 2011
8092761.0
Population with Accessibility
to public transport
4575455.3
Percentage 56.5%
Definition
Proportion of the population that has convenient access to public transport, defined as living within 500 meters from a public transport stop
Data Collection Approach
• Geographic Information (GIS) data of RSTP Report, 2015
• DMA area, Bus route map, bus stop and population data (2011)
Indicator 3: Convenient access to public transport service
Measures to Improve
• Transit oriented development ( TOD) shall be introduced .
• Well defined bus stops should be provided into places where trip generation rate is high.
• To ease “ last mile connectivity” access road and cheap transport options should be provided.
• Adequate east – west connection.
Indicator Value Year Comments
Convenient
access to
public
transport
service
56.5 2011
The data is based on the
DMA 2011 census for
population..
Indicator 3
Definition
The degree to which passengers of the public transport system are satisfied with the quality of service while using the different modes of public transport
• Reliability and quality are two very important factors that attracts to public transport.
Data Collection approach
• Field survey conducted at bus stops and on boards5 bus corridors
• Azimpur-Mirpur1
• Gulisthan-Mohakhali-Gazipur
• Gulisthan-Mohammadpur
• Azimpur-Mirpur10
• Jatrabari-Progoti Shoroni-Abdullahpur
Eight aspects are used to analyse quality and reliability
• frequency of buses,
• punctuality,
• comfort and cleanliness,
• safety of vehicles,
• convenient of bus stops,
• information availability,
• personal courtesy and
• fare level
Indicator 4: Public transport quality and reliability
*Total 280 passengers were interviewed and 100 were women.
Dimensions Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Respons
es
Average
Score
% of
SatisfactionVery Partly Partly Very
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency of
Service
52 44 32 12 108 26 5 279 3.64 49.82
Punctuality 18 85 77 23 56 17 4 280 3.29 27.50
Comfort and
Cleanliness
23 28 84 53 67 23 2 280 3.68 32.86
Safety of Vehicles 25 35 78 71 48 16 2 275 3.50 24.00
Convenience of
Bus Stops or
Stations
25 28 74 58 76 11 2 274 3.63 32.48
Availability of
Information
21 22 72 78 64 23 0 280 3.75 31.07
Personal courtesy 17 23 49 54 119 14 3 279 4.04 48.75
Fare Level 8 20 45 46 83 51 22 275 4.52 56.73
Total 189 285 511 395 621 181 40 2222 3.75 37.90
Indicator 4
Measures to Improve
• Bus sector reform project should be initiated ASAP
• Bus stops should be properly design with adequate waiting facility.
• At grade boarding and alighting and provision for special need people at station and inside bus.
• Old malfunctioned buses should be gradually phase out
• Traffic management system need to be improved
Indicator Value Year Comments
Public
transport
quality and
reliability
37.90 2018
Based on
satisfaction survey
on 5 busy bus
routes
Indicator 4
Definition
Fatalities in traffic in DMA per 100,000 inhabitants
Data collection approach
• Crash data for the year 2013-2017 collected from ARI , BUET
• Population related data was collected from the publications of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Year No. of Fatality Population TF Value
2011 282 14,171,567 1.99
2012 292 14,620,806 2.00
2013 273 15,084,285 1.81
2014 264 15,562,457 1.70
2015 301 16,055,787 1.87
2016 247 16,564,755 1.49
2017 280 17,089,858 1.64
273264
301
247
280
220
240
260
280
300
320
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Fata
litie
s
Year
Indicator 5: Traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants
Measures to Improve
• In Dhaka most of the fatalities occurs with pedestrian . So, improvising Pedestrian crossing facilities at intersection is essential.
• Adequate Training for driver for safe driving.
• More awareness program
• Improve traffic arrangement system ( ITS, modern signalling etc.)
Indicator Value Year Comments
Traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants
1.64 2017
The average value
from 2011 to
2017 was 1.79
Indicator 5
Definition
Cost of a monthly network-wide public transport ticket covering all main modes in the city, compared to mean monthly income for the poorest quartile of the population of Dhaka
Data collection approach
• Daily travel expense along with their monthly income data was collected during field survey
Factors Quantity (BDT)
Average Wage of People (According to
Survey Result)
17,375.18
Average Transport Cost 2,752.20
Percentage of Monthly Income 15.88
Indicator 6: Affordability – travel costs as share of income
Measures to Improve
• A more convenient fare level can be proposed by the government through providing subsidies over the fuel sector by making policies ???
• Special pass for student, senior citizen and special need people can be introduced.
Indicator Value Year Comments
Affordability –
travel costs as
part of budget
15.88 2018
The result is based
on a 2018 field
survey
Indicator 6
Definition
Ratio of fare revenue to operating costs for public transport systems
• Operating costs in transportation sector basically includes three major sections which are • running cost (Fuel cost),
• maintenance cost and
• fixed cost (rent of garage, insurance, road permit and so on).
• To cover these costs transport companies basically depends on revenues collected through fares or other ways like advertisements.
Factors Amount
(USD)
Operating Revenues 646811
Operating Cost 871350
Percentage of operational cost
recovered by fares
74.23
Data Collection approach:
“Dhaka Bus Network and Regulatory Reform Indicator”, 2012.
Indicator 7: Operational costs of the public transport system
Measures to Improve
• Fragment bus services need to be regulated through taking them under few specific companies. This may revitalize the fund for bearing the operational costs
• Current official rate levels do not seem to cover the needs of the operators to sustain an efficient operation of buses.
Indicator Value Year Comments
Operational Cost of
the public transport
system
74.23 2018
The data are from
131 bus route of
Dhaka city
Indicator 7
Definition :
Ration of Investment to public & active transport to the total transport investment
Investments by the
city
2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 Average
(lakh BDT)
Public transport
facilities
103369.87 176772.33 60542.11 338801 421913.51 220,279.76
Total Transport
facilities
119724.91 193506.05 72960.36 360019.22 443219.48 237,886.00
Share 96.2
Data collection approach: • Annul Reports of DNCC and DSCC (2014-2017)• Bangladesh Road Transport Authority• DMTC, DBRT and BBA annual report
Indicator 8: Investment in public transportation systems
Measures to Improve
• Investment on walking and bicycle way
• More investment in bus sector Indicator Valu
e
Year Comments
Investment in public
transportation
systems
50(2013-
2017)
Based on Annual
Reports of Dhaka
North and South
City Corporation
Indicator 8
Definition
Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM10) in the air (population weighted)
Data collection approach
• There are three Continuous Air Monitoring stations (CAMS) installed under Clean Air and Sustainable Environment (CASE) Project within Dhaka City.
• CAMS continuously collect PM2.5 and PM10 data and publish monthly reports
Indicator 9: Air quality (PM10)
Bangladesh Std. WHO Std.
PM 10 150 μg/m3 50 μg/m3
PM 2.5 65 μg/m3 25 μg/m3
Year Month Parameter PM 10
CAMS-1 CAMS-2 CAMS-3
2017 January Average .... 218.21 299.94
February Average .... 225 303
March Average .... .... 167
April Average 88.9 .... 105
May Average 74.5 123 87.3
June Average .... 66.3 56.6
July Average 45.3 58.1 61.1
August Average 53 63.36 72.66
September Average .... 63.7 76.9
October Average .... 95.8 111
November Average .... 163 197
December Average .... 175 257
Average 125.147 149.54
Yearly Average (CAMS-2 and CAMS-3) 137.34
Indicator 9
Measures to Improve
• Low sulfur diesel should be introduced
• Encourage the use to CNGIndicator Value Year Comments
Air Quality
(PM 10)137.344 2017
Data of CAMS-2 and CAMS-3 stations
were used for 2017
Indicator 9
Definition :
CO2 equivalent emissions from transport by urban residents per annum per capita
Data Collection approach: • Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC) provided the secondary data
to calculate ton CO2 emitted per capita per year. • Standard CO2 emission factor was taken from SUTI guideline.
Fuel Type Liters Sold CO2 Factor
kg/l
Emissions
tons/year
Population Emission/
capita
Gasoline/Petrol 104771000 2.272 238039.71
Diesel 956214000 2.676 2558828.66
Total 2796868.38 18000000 0.16
Indicator 10: Greenhouse gas emissions
Measures to Improve
• Old malfunctioned vehicles need to be gradually phase out
• Electric/ Hybrid vehicles should be promoted
• To reduce the use of Diesel and Petrol, CNG should be encouraged.
Indicator Value Year Comments
CO2 emissions
for transport0.16 2017
Based on estimate of total
fuel consumed in
transport sector within
DMA area in 2017
Indicator 10
No Indicators Units Weights Range
Value NormalizationMin Max
1 Extent to which transport plans cover public transport,
intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes
0 - 16 scale 0.1 0 16 8 50.00
2 Modal share of active and public transport in commuting % of trips 0.1 10 90 87.11 96.39
3 Convenient access to public transport service % of population 0.1 20 100 56.5 45.63
4 Public transport quality and reliability % satisfied 0.1 30 95 37.9 12.15
5 Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants No. of fatalities 0.1 35 0 1.64 95.31
6 Affordability – travel costs as share of income % of income 0.1 35 3.5 15.88 60.70
7 Operational costs of the public transport system Cost recovery
ratio
0.1 22 175 74.23 34.14
8 Investment in public transportation systems % of total
investment
0.1 0 50 50 100
9 Air quality (pm10) μg/m3 0.1 150 10 137.34 9.04
10 Greenhouse gas emissions from transport Tons/cap 0.1 2.75 0 0.16 94.18
Geometric Mean of the Index 49.21
Final Result
Result of the Index
Value
GeometricMean
49.21
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
Extent to whichtransport plans
cover public…
Modal share ofactive and public
transport in…
Convenient accessto public transport
service
Public transportquality and reliability
Traffic fatalities per100.000 inhabitants
Affordability – travel costs as part of
income
Operational costs ofthe public transport
system
Investment in publictransportation
systems
Air quality (pm10)
Greenhouse gasemissions from
transport
Spider Diagram to represent indicators
Conclusions
• Public transportation system is the most used mode in DMA area but people are dissatisfied with public transport quality, reliability
• Much effort is needed to improve air quality
• Realistic budget needs to be secured
• SUTI for other major cities
• Review in every 2 year
• Congestion can be included in indicator 4 or separately
Some recent initiatives
