COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS for

2-Year M. Tech. Programme in

Geomatics

(Effective from 2019-2020 Academic Session)

Department of Mining Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines),

Dhanbad

2

COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS

2-Year M. Tech. Programme in Geomatics

Highlights of the Course Accelerated growth and development prospects in India would encourage several

industries and businesses to use GIS and Remote Sensing. The M. Tech Programme in Geomatics has been introduced in the year 2006 in the

Department of Mining Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad considering the importance of surveying and Geospatial Technology.

The course content of the M.Tech (Geomatics) covers all issues related to Engineering Surveying, Mine Surveying and GIS & Remote Sensing including recent developments in Geospatial Technologies with particular emphasis on latest developments in data acquisition tools such as GPS, Total Station, Gyromat, Digital level, 3D Laser Scanners, Slope Stability Radar etc., data representation tools such as Mine Planning & Design software SURPAC, Remote Sensing and GIS tools such as ERDAS, ArcGIS, SARSCAPE, surveying software viz. LISCAD, AutoCAD, Digital Image Processing on software viz. PYTHON, MATLAB etc.

These tools and techniques can be widely used in the fields of agriculture, irrigation, forestry, infrastructure development, mining and other geo-sciences sectors, transportation and others.

Importance of the Course This is the two years full-time course with four semesters. The first two semesters are

devoted to class work with practical and other two semesters are earmarked for project work at reputed organizations dealing with GIS & Remote Sensing such as IIRS Dehradun, NRSC Hyderabad, C-DAC, SAC Ahmedabad, and other state space application centers.

Placement opportunities M.Tech (Geomatics) students are being well received by both mining industries and

geospatial industries in public and private sectors. There are lots of prospects for higher education in geomatics areas. The students after

completion of M. Tech (Geomatics) programme are getting opportunity to do research leading to PhD degrees at notable institutes in India and Abroad.

M. Tech (Geomatics) graduates of Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad has been specially exempted by DGMS from taking Surveyors Certificate of Competency Examination. They are granted Mine Surveyor Certificate of Competency on having one year of field experience.

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Course Structure & Syllabus

2-Year M. Tech. Programme in Geomatics

Semester - 1Course No. Course Name L T P CMNC523 Mine Surveying Techniques 3 0 0 9MNC524 Geographical Information System 3 0 0 9MNC525 Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing 3 0 0 9MNC526 Elements of Mining Technology 3 0 0 9MNC527 Geodesy and GNSS Surveying 3 0 0 9MNC528 Advanced Surveying Practical 0 0 3 3MNC529 GIS Practical 0 0 2 2

Total 15 0 5 50

Semester -2Course No. Course Name L T P CMNC530 Computer Aided Mine Planning and Design 3 0 0 9MNC531 Microwave Remote Sensing 3 0 0 9MND504MND500

(a) Modelling and Analysis of Geospatial data (b) Managerial Decision Making 3 0 0 9

OE 1 Open Elective 1 3 0 0 9

OE 2 Open Elective 2 3 0 0 9

MNC532 Remote Sensing and Image Processing Practical 0 0 2 2MNC533 Survey Camp * 0 0 2 2

Total 15 0 4 49 *To be held during winter vacation for 10 days duration after 1st Semester

4

Semester - 3Course No. Course Name L T P CMNC568 Thesis Unit 1 0 0 0 9MNC569 Thesis Unit 2 0 0 0 9MNC570 Thesis Unit 3 0 0 0 9MNC571 Thesis Unit 4 0 0 0 9

Total 0 0 0 36

Semester - 4Course No. Course Name L T P C

MND554 MND557

OE3

DE 2a) Mining, Energy, and Climate

Change b) Construction management for

underground spaceOROpen Elective 3

3 0 0 9

MND555 MND556

OE 4

DE 3a) Sustainable Miningb) Computational GeomechanicsOROpen Elective 4

3 0 0 9

MNC572 Thesis Unit 5 0 0 0 9MNC573 Thesis Unit 6 0 0 0 9

Total 0 0 0 36

Open ElectivesStudents from the own department or sister departments may opt the following subjects as Open Elective:

MNO501 Mining, Energy and Climate Change 3 0 0 9

MNO502 Rock Excavation Technology and Equipment 3 0 0 9

MNO503 Sustainable Mining 3 0 0 9

MNO504 Geospatial Technologies for Natural Resources 3 0 0 9

Semester 1

5

MNC523 Mine Surveying Techniques 3 0 0 9

Objective: The course will give a brief overview of application of modern tools and techniques in mine surveying. The course will also give an insight into the best surveying practices in mines including legislation requirements. The course has been designed taking into the need of capturing 3D data for mine modelling, planning and visualization.

Units Contents ContactHours

I Surveying: Definition, Objective, Classification and principles, Errors 3

II Measurements: Linear Measurements, Angular Measurements, Levelling. 9

III Contouring: Concepts, Characteristics, Contour Interval, Methods of contouring and uses of contours 3

IVTotal Station: Principle of electronic measurement of distance and angles, Construction and working with Total Station, Applications and Recent Developments

3

V Underground mining conditions, underground traversing and underground levelling, Survey requirements in underground mines 3

VI Borehole survey, Dip and strike problems out crop problems 2

VI Digital Mine Plans, area and volume calculation: Data Processing, Representation and Earthwork Calculations 4

VIIMine Surveying – Statutory Requirements: General requirements about mine plans and sections, Types of plans and sections, Specification of Limits of Error. Duties and Responsibilities of Surveyors

3

VIIICorrelation and Alignment: Principle, Methods, Determination of Gyro-north, Modern Gyro-Laser combination Correlation; Shaft depth measurement.

4

IX Monitoring of Open Pit Slopes and Subsidence through Advanced Surveying Techniques: Geodetic approaches in slope monitoring 3

XDevelopment and Stope Surveying: Control of direction and gradient in drifts, tunnels, raises, winzes, Methods of survey in moderately and steeply inclined ore bodies, flat and vertical ore bodies/seams

3

References: Text Book

1. Punmia, B. C. (2005), Surveying Vol. 1 and II2. Schofield, W. and Breach M. (2006), Engineering Surveying

Reference Book3. Advances in Surveying Technology: Lecture Notes by faculty

MNC524 Geographical Information System 3 0 0 9

6

Objective: The course will provide a basic knowledge of GIS and engineering applications followed by an in-depth examination of spatial data formats, spatial data analysis, and geoprocessing.

Unit Contents ContactHours

IIntroduction, Basin concepts about Spatial information and Terminology, Historical evolution and need for spatially based resource information system, Utility of GIS.

4

IIEssential Components of GIS: hardware software requirement of GIS, Various GIS packages and their salient features, Data acquisition through scanners and digitizers

5

III

Raster and Vector Data: Introduction, Representation of real world via vector and raster representation model, topology and spatial relationships, Raster to Vector conversion, Data storage verification and editing

7

IV Data input and Quality verification: Data input, data verification, and Correction and storage data output; data user interfaces. 2

VData pre-processing, Georeferencing, Data compression and reduction techniques, Runlengthencoding, Interpolation of data, Database Construction, Data Output

5

VIDatabase construction, database structure, Hierarchical data, Network systems, Relational database, Database management, Data manipulation and analysis

5

VISpatial and mathematical operations in GIS, Overlay, Query based, Measurement and statistical modelling, Buffers, Spatial Analysis, Statistical Reporting and Graphing

5

VII Programming languauges in GIS, Web GIS 4

VIII Application of GIS to various engineering problems 3

Total 40

Text Book References:1. Burrough, P.A. and Mc Donnel, R.A.(1998), “Principles of Geographic Information

System”2. Kang-tsung Chang. (2002), “Introduction to Geographic Information System”

MNC525 Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing 3 0 0 9

7

Objective: The proposed course provides basic understanding about digital image processing of Remote Sensing datasets / images acquired by different earth resources satellites. Presently, remote sensing datasets available from various earth orbiting satellites are being used extensively in various domains. The above course will improve understanding about overall remote sensing data processing.

Units Contents ContactHours

I Introduction to Remote Sensing System, Historic perspective, electromagnetic radiation, sources of EM radiation for remote sensing. 3

II interaction of EMR with atmosphere, atmospheric windows, interacting EM Radiation with earth’s surface, spectral signature 3

III Fundamentals of radiometry, surface characteristics for radiometric measurement, physical basis of signatures 3

IV Remote Sensors and platforms, classification of remote sensors, spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolution. 3

V Characteristics of optical, infrared and microwave sensors and their data products 6

VI Application of remote sensing to various engineering areas. 2

VI Visual image analysis and image interpretation, preprocessing of images 2

VII

Digital Image Processing System: Components, data formats, The Histogram and Its Significance to Digital Image Processing of RemoteSensor Data and Univariate Descriptive Image Statistics, Multivariate Image Statistics

2

VIII

Image Pre-processing: Radiometric and Geometric Correction Radiometric and Geometric errors and Corrections, Correction for Sensor System, Correction for environmental attenuation error; Image-to-Map Geometric rectification implementation

5

IX

Image Enhancement: Image Reduction and Magnification, Contrast Enhancement, Band Ratioing, Spatial Filtering to Enhance Low- and High-Frequency Detail and Edges, Special Transformations, Principal Components Analysis.

5

XImage Classification: Supervised Classification, Unsupervised Classification, Fuzzy Classification, Statistical algorithms, Classification Map Accuracy Assessment

6

Total: 40Text Book References:

1. John A. Richards (2012), Remote Sensing and Digital Image Analysis2. Thomas L., Ralph W. Kiefer, and Jonathan C. (2015), Remote Sensing and Image

Interpretation

MNC526 Elements of Mining Technology 3 0 0 9

8

Objective: The course will provide a basic knowledge of mining processes and technologies. The course is designed keeping in view the requirements of broad knowledge of mining technologies for implementing Geospatial Technologies in mining and allied areas.

Units Contents ContactHours

I Evolution of mining and mining process flow (Feasibility study, development, exploitation and reclamation), Mining and Mineral Life Cycle, Overview of Mineral Industry.Definition of mining; Basic terminology; History of mining; Feasibility assessment; FR; DPR; Mine development; Methods of exploitation and reclamation

4

II Opening up of mineral deposits for mining through adit, incline, decline and shaftChoice of entries, Location, shape and size of entries, Relative comparison; Excavation, support, mucking, and ventilation; Problems and remedies; Case studies

5

III Basic terminology; Types of ores/minerals and their genesis, Stages and schemes of mineral exploration and quantitative estimation of resources, Industrial applications of ores/non-metallic minerals

4

IV Surface mining methods-Classification, Selection imperatives, Open-pit mining and quarrying.Basic terminology; Mining methods; Choice, Unit operations, Equipment, Examples

6

V Underground mining methods-Classification, selection imperatives, Cut and fill, shrinkage and long hole stopingBasic terminology; Applicability, Excavation, Support and ventilation; Case studies

6

VI Strip mining, Placer mining, Hilly miningBasic terminology; planning, methods, equipment, Case studies

4

VII Room and pillar, sublevel and block cavingBasic terminology; Applicability, Excavation, Support and ventilation; Case studies

4

VIII Coal mining methods (Longwall, Bord & Pillar and special methods)Basic terminology; Applicability, Excavation, Support and ventilation; Case studies

5

IX Sustainable mineral development, best practices and global initiatives

2

Text Book References:1. Howard L. Hartman and Jan M. Mutmansky (2007), Introductory Mining

Engineering2. D. J. Deshmukh (2008), Element of Mining Technology, Vol 1 -3

9

MNC527 Geodesy and GNSS Surveying 3 0 0 9

Objective: The course will provide an understanding the concept of Geodesy and precise point positioning using GNSS observations, Theoretical and practical basics of satellite positioning by the global systems.

Units Contents ContactHours

I

Geodesy:shape of the earth, geoid, spheroid and ellipsoid of revolution, use of gravity in geodesy, coordinate system, geodetic reference systems,

4

II calculations on the ellipsoid, astronomical and geodetic coordinates, orthometric, dynamic and normal heights, geo-potential number

6

III

GNSSPrinciples of GNSS: Introduction to GNSS, Time and Reference Systems, Satellite Orbits and Attitude, Signals and Modulation, Clocks, Atmospheric Signal Propagation

4

IVSatellite Navigation Systems: The Global Positioning System (GPS), GLONASS, Galileo, Chinese navigation satellite system, Regional systems

5

VGNSS Receivers and Antennas: Receiver architecture, Signal processing, Multipath, Interference, Antennas, Simulator and test equipment

4

VI

GNSS Algorithm and Models: Basic observation equations, combinations of observations, positioning model, least-squares estimation and kalman filtering, carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution, batch and recursive model validation

4

VII

Positioning and Navigation: precise point positioning, differential positioning, attitude determination, GNSS/INS integration, land and maritime applications, aviation applications, ground based augmentation system, space applications

5

VIIISurveying, Geodesy and Geodynamics: the international GNSS service, orbit and clock product generation, surveying, geodesy, geodynamics

4

IXGNSS Remote Sensing and Timing: monitoring of the neutral atmosphere, Ionosphere monitoring, reflectometry, GNSS time and frequency transfer

4

Total: 40

Text Books:1. Torge, Wolfgang / Müller, Jürgen (2012) “Geodesy”2. Lu, Zhiping, Qu, Yunying, Qiao, Shubo (2014) “Geodesy: Introduction to Geodetic

Datum and Geodetic Systems”

10

MNC528 Advanced Surveying Practical 0 0 3 3

Units Contents ContactHours

I Linear Measurement: Chain, Tape and Distometer 1

II Theodolite Traversing and distribution of closing errors. 1

III Levelling with Auto Level and Digital Level and distribution of closing errors 2

IVApplication of Total Station: Measurement of distance, angle between two stations, coordinates, missing line measurement, offsetting, resection

2

V Traversing with Total Station and adjustment of Error 1

VI Field data downloading and processing to prepare the Grids, Contours, Plans and Section 2

VII Gyromat: Determination of Gyro-north 1

IX Study of Nadir Plummet and LASER for Correlation survey 1

X Study of GPS and GNSS Surveying; GPS data downloading and post-processing; 2

MNC529 GIS Practical 0 0 2 2

Units Contents ContactHours

I Demo on various GIS software and their salient features. 1

II Georeferencing of various maps and Satellite image 1

III Database creation (shape file and personal database) and management; digitization, editing of features.

1

IV Buffer and overlay analysis. 1V Layout of the map. 1VI Spatial and Mathematical operations. 1VII Query based analysis and Area calculation 1

VIII Customized application in GIS. 1

IX Familiarization with various 2D and 3D coordinate transformations and Map Projection Systems.

1

X Network Analysis, routing problems including shortest path through a network

1

XI Work on various GIS based applications 1XII 3D GIS. 1

11

XIII Web publishing of GIS layers. 1

12

Semester 2

MNC530 Computer Aided Mine Planning and Design 3 0 0 9

Objective: This course will give an overview of computer aided mine modelling and mine planning. The course will give an insight into creation of 3D models, resource estimation and modelling, Block modelling and pit optimisation.

Units Contents ContactHours

IIntroduction Applications of CAD systems in mine design, Surface modelling concepts Introduction to various mine planning software

5

IIData Representation and Processing Tools Understanding data representation and processing tools, File tools, String concept, String file handling, Data import & export

6

III

Database Management Database management and Geological modelling, Reduction of data into presentable form, Drill hole visualization, Creation of Digital Terrain Models, DTM Volume calculations, Contouring, Auto-plotting, Sectioning a DTM, Solid Models, Compositing.

9

IVResource Estimation & ComputingVariogram modelling and Resource estimation using Mine Planning Software, Block modelling

6

V Pit design and optimization, Mine Scheduling 10VI Computer Aided Underground Mine Design 4

Total 40

Reference Book1. W. A. Hustrulid (1995), Open Pit Mine Planning2. Lecture note by Faculty Member

MNC531 Microwave Remote Sensing 3 0 0 9

Objective: The goal of this course is to take the students beyond what they have learned in a basic remote sensing course (DC-3: Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing). They will get deeper insights into the physical principles, analysis techniques and applications of active and passive microwave remote sensing. The course will have a strong, but not exclusive component on active radar remote sensing systems (Synthetic Aperture Radar- SAR).

Units Contents ContactHours

I Why microwaves, overview of microwave systems, a brief history of microwaves; Physical fundamentals: physical properties of EM waves, Energy and power of waves, combination of waves, most important aspect

3

13

of microwave-phase as a (relative) distance measure, combining two waves in 2-D, quantifying the interference pattern, passive case, multiple source interference pattern, beam width and angular resolution; Huygens’ wavelets, propagation of microwaves, sources of microwaves.

IIPolarimetry: Describing polarized waves, superposition of polarized waves, representing polarization, passive polarimetry, polarimetry in Radar, important polarimetric properties.

3

III

Microwaves in the real world: continuous media and the atmosphere, interaction with discrete objects, scattering and emission from volumes, reflection and emission from smooth surfaces, scattering and emission from rough surfaces, non-random(periodic) surfaces, scattering and emission from natural surfaces, special scatterers.

3

IVDetecting Microwaves: General approach, conceptual approach to microwave systems, basic microwave radiometer, antenna, receiver, coherent systems, active systems, system performance, calibration;

3

V

Atmospheric sounding: Atmospheric sounding, principle of measurement, theoretical basis of sounding, viewing geometries, passive rainfall mapping; Passive imaging: principles of measurement, oceans, sea ice, land.

3

VI

Active microwaves: Principle of measurements, generic equations of radar performance, radar altimeters, improving directionality, scatterometers, imaging radar-need for imaging radar, image, radar image construction, SLAR (RAR), SAR, radar equation for SAR, geometric distortions in radar images, operational limits, SAR acquisition modes, working with SAR images, SAR data formats, extracting topography using stereo SAR Radargrammetry.

9

VII

Interferometry: needs for interferometric measurements, principles of interferometry, passive imaging interferometry, radar interferometry, Topographic height estimation using InSAR, vegetation height estimation using InSAR, PolInSAR and SAR Tomography, differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) and Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) for land surface deformation estimation.

9

VIII Application of microwave remote sensing in different fields and case studies. 6

References:1. Massonet,D. & Souyris, J.C.(2008): Imaging with Synthetic Aperture Radar. EPFL

press distributed by CRC press.2. Lee, J.S., & Pottier, E. (2009): Polarimetric Radar Imaging. From Basics to

Applications. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis.

MND 504 Modelling and Analysis of Geospatial data 3 0 0 9

Objective: The course explains digital representation, Modelling and analysis of geospatial phenomena and provides foundations in methods and algorithms used in GIS analysis.

14

Focused on terrain modelling and GIS-based modelling. The course includes analysis of various input sources data, assessment and 3D visualization.

Units Contents ContactHours

I Types of Geospatial Data: Ratio, Categorical and Ordinal Data. Spatial and Non-spatial data. Vector and Raster Data. Primary and Secondary Data. 3

IIGeo-spatial Data Structures and Database Management Systems: Data Compression Models, DBMS and Relational DBMS. File Formats for various GIS Data Types

4

IIICoordinate Transformations: Two-Dimensional, Conformal, Affine, Projective Coordinate Transformation. Three-Dimensional Conformal Coordinate Transformation. Map models and Map Projection Systems

5

IV

Map analysis: Foundations for analysis of continuous and discrete phenomena, analysis and modelling with map algebra, Map reclassification, spatial topological and geometric modelling. Map overlay and modelling correlation between two maps. Multiple maps, types of models, Boolean logic models, Index overlay models, Fuzzy logic methods. 3D visualization: multiple surfaces and volumes, 3D vector objects

6

VTerrain Modelling and Analysis: Terrain and bathymetry mapping, mathematical and digital representations (point clouds, contour, raster, TIN), spatial interpolation of elevation data and topographic analysis

3

VIMulti Criterion Decision Making: Standardisation of weights, Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), Spatial Decision Support System 4

VII

Methods of Spatial interpolation: Methods for interpolation, global methods of interpolation, location interpolators, optimal interpolation methods using spatial auto covariance. Extensions of kriging to large areas. Comparing kriging with other interpolation techniques.

4

VIII

Measurements and Analysis: Sample versus Population. Graphical Representation of Geo-spatial Data. Measures of Central Tendency – Mean, Median, Mode. Mean Vector. Measures of Variation in Data -Variance Covariance and Correlation Matrices.

5

IXUncertainty Modelling of Geo-spatial Data: Uncertainties in various Geo-spatial Data, Fuzzy set, Monte Carlo Simulations. Error Ellipse for Uncertainty Quantification

3

X

Technological trends in GIS: GIS customization, Data warehousing, cloud GIS, data mining, OLAP, distributed, spatial data infrastructure, Free and open source tools and web resources, Introduction to spatial decision problems, GIS and decision support system, over view of Internet GIS, Location based services.

3

Total: 40

References:1. John D. Bossler, ‎John R. Jensen, ‎Robert B. McMaster (2004)., “Manual of Geospatial

Science and Technology”, Taylor and Francis.

15

2. Petrasova A, Harmon B, Petras V, Tabrizian P, Mitasova H., (2018), Tangible Modeling with Open Source GIS. Second edition. Springer International Publishing.

MND 500 Managerial Decision Making 3 0 0 9

Objectives: With the growth of engineering skills over time, the emphasis has shifted from “production and product at any cost” to conservation of resources through their optimal utilisation resulting in minimum cost. Engineers and managers responsible for strategic as well as routine decision making must be armed with tools and techniques of quantitative decision making. The subjects empower one with such skills and hence it is not only relevant but important too for all practising engineers and managers and more so for Mining Engineers who work throughout as manager in different capacities.

Introduction: The origin and nature of Managerial Decision-Making tools. Taxonomy of decision-making models.

Linear Programming: Linear Optimisation Models, Systems of Linear inequalities, Generalised Linear Programming model, Scenarios and formulations, SIMPLEX methods of solutions, <= constraints, Two phase method and Big M method (Penalty method) of SIMPLEX, mixed constraints. Primal and Dual Problems, Interpretation of SIMPLEX Table. Sensitivity Analysis of LPP on objective function coefficient and RHS constant. Mining oriented problems amenable to Linear Programming.

Specialised Linear Models: Transportation and Assignment Models, Algorithm for Transportation and Assignment Models, Special considerations in solving Transportation and Assignment problems, Sensitivity Analysis for Transportation Problems.

Multi-objective Programming (Goal Programming): Mathematical models, Concepts of structural and goal constraints, Ranking of goals and solution methods.

Project Management and other Network Models: Project Planning & Scheduling with basic PERT model, Lowest cost schedule using CPM model, Resource levelling and Resource Allocation, Cost control through PERT network, Shortest route algorithm, Minimal spanning tree problem.

Inventory Model: Nature of inventory problems, Technical and economic parameters, Classical EOQ model, Inventory model with quantity discount, Deterministic inventory models with constraints, stochastic inventory models.Simulation: Nature & process of Simulation, Fundamental of Monte Carlo Simulation, Simulation of queueing and inventory systems.

Text Books:1. Principles of Operations Research for Management by Frank S. Budnick, Richrd Mojena

and Thomas E Vollmann2. Introduction to operations Research by F S Hillier & Lieberman.Reference Books:

1. System Analysis and Project Management by D.I Cleland & William R King (PP 1-120 & 341-367

2. A Management Guide to PERT/CPM by J D Weist & F K Levy

16

MNC532 Remote Sensing and Image Processing Practical 0 0 3

Units Contents ContactHours

I Introduction to different types of remote sensing data products 1

II Training of Visual interpretation and Analysis and of a satellite data. 1

III Demo on different types of remote sensing based software. 1

IV Initial Statistics Extraction. 1

V Atmospheric Correction applied on satellite image. 1

VI Geometric Correction applied on satellite image 1

VII Image Enhancement techniques 1

VIII Image Transformation 1

IX

To carry out pre-processing steps of SAR remote sensing images including multilooking, speckle filtering, geocoding and terrain-correction; 1

X

To carry out advance digital processing steps of SAR remote sensing images including polarimetry, speckle and texture filter, coherence generation; 1

XI To carry out InSAR processing steps for DEM generation. 1

XII To carry out DInSAR processing steps for deformation mapping. 1

MNC533 Survey Camp 0 0 2

Theodolite Traversing, National Grid Transfer, Total Station Traversing & Downloading, Carryout BM from known BM to required place and profile levelling to find out gradient of the proposed road, Correlation Survey & Star Observation for determination of True North, GNSS Survey, Contouring, Calculations and Plotting.

17

Semester 3

Semester - 3Course No. Course Name L T P C

DC 8 Thesis Unit 1 0 0 0 9DC 9 Thesis Unit 2 0 0 0 9DC 10 Thesis Unit 3 0 0 0 9DC 11 Thesis Unit 4 0 0 0 9

Total 0 0 0 36

Semester 4

MND 554 Mining, Energy, and Climate Change 3 0 0 9

Objective: This course will emphasize on the importance of global warming and its effect on the society. It will also discuss on different mining and energy scenarios and their contribution for increasing the carbon footprint which in turn produces global warming. All-important research and development contributing to reduction of its effect will be presented in the class. In addition, India’s commitment for reduction of carbon footprint and the actions planned for implementation will be the subject of discussion for energizing the young students for their contribution in thoughts and actions for fulfilling the international commitments for saving the Mother Earth.

Units Contents ContactHours

I

Basics of Global Warming and Climate changeGlobal warming and glacial change, the rise of carbon, Alpine “Hot Box” experiment, the atmosphere as a dam built across a river, Royal Institution Laboratory and findings of John Tyndall, Guy Calendar, Arrhenius etc., the age of discovery : findings of Roger Rivelle, Keelings Curve, large scale geophysical experiments, modelling of climate and road to Rio, journey to Paris protocol

06

II

India’s Initial and Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)National Circumstances, GHG Inventory Information, Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation, Research and Systematic Observations, Education, Training and Public Awareness, Programmes Related to Sustainable Development, Constraints and Gaps, and Related Financial, Technical and Capacity Needs

07

III Coal and Uranium Mining for Energy securityCoal mining and electrical age, Wizards of Menlo Park, Battle of the currents, Metering of the energy, Regulatory bargain, The growth of electrical age, Uranium mining and nuclear cycle, Nuclear navy, Disaster of Three Mile Island, Chernobyl Disasters and Fukushima

06

18

Daiichi, Growth of India’s coal and uranium mining industry

IV

Oil and Natural Gas – Adventure in Energy resourcesGrowth of world’s liquid fuel production, Fluctuation of demand, supply and prices, Fear of running out of oil, Gulf war – Desert storm, Pipeline battle, Influence of different nations in the Persian Gulf, Major discoveries of oil and innovations in the oil and gas industry for higher recovery

06

V

Role of renewable energySolar, Wind, Biofuels, Biomass, Geothermal, Hydropower and other renewable energy options;Developments in different fields and their contribution to the energy basket

05

VI

Carbon dioxide sequestration and reduction of carbon footprintDifferent methods for carbon dioxide sequestration: Geological reserves, marine water and other methods for sequestration, other uses of carbon dioxide for reduction of global warming

06

VIIIndia’s commitment for augmenting global warmingParis protocol, India’s commitment for reduction of global warming and actions envisaged

03

References:

1. Future of Energy: Brian F. Towler (2014)2. The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World: Daniel Yergin

(2011)

MND 557 Construction management for underground space 3 0 0 9

Course Objectives: This subject will help students to learn the most important aspects of construction contracts, construction management and operation including tunnel safety (from aerodynamics to drainage). Good knowledge of the rights and duties of contractors and clients. It is being observed that the construction process still requires traditional skills, changes over recent decades. Particular emphasis is given, for example, to supply chains and networks, value and risk management, BIM, ICT, project arrangements, corporate social responsibility, training, health and welfare and environmental sustainability.

Introduction (7 Lectures): Introduction to lean construction, Productivity, Economic development, Energy consumption, Sustainability, International environmental protocols, Productivity improvement, Employee participation

Site Organization and Construction Management (11 Lectures): Work preparation in tunneling, Equipment and staff disposition, Estimation of performance, Cost estimation, Basics of tunnel layout for operation, Aerodynamics, Tunnel safety, Drainage, Optimal data flow, Mechanical equipment, 50 hertz devices, Electrical power supply, Design of access to the operation facilities

19

Construction Contract (7 Lectures): Introduction of NATM-relevant standards and guidelines, Presentation and discussion of different construction contract models and their application, Structure of construction contracts, Influence of contract types on project execution, Role of the contractor and engineering office, Risks and risk management, Workforce motivation, Case discussionsBusiness management (7 Lectures): Project procurement- The construction process, Project manager/leader, Health and safety considerations, Performance of different contract categories; Estimating and tendering, Competitive bidding, Cash flow and interim valuations, Economic assessments, Application of ERP.Administration and company management (7 Lectures): Company organization, Market planning and business development, International construction logistics and risks, Information resources and ICT systems, financial management

Text Book: Modern Construction Management, Frank Harris, Ronald McCaffer, and Francis Edum-

Fotwe, Wiley, 2013

Book for References: 1. Design and construction of tunnels----Pietro Lunardi, Springer, 2008

MND555 Sustainable Mining 3 0 0 9

Objective: Mining industry is often regarded as polluting sector as it involves extensive resource exploitation by degradation of land and environment. A sincere effort is required to reduce the environmental impact of mining to its minimum level following the principle of sustainable development and acquiring operation excellence through scientific methods of exploitation and use of technologies in mining. The present course is designed to incorporate various aspects of sustainable mining to provide deeper understanding of various parameters affecting the sustainability of mining operation.

Course Content: An Introduction to Sustainable development for mining sector (13 lectures)

Environmental and social perception about mining Impact of mining on the environment Definition of sustainable development in mining and need for sustainable

development in mining Overview of sustainable development framework for mining and principles of

sustainable development framework Legal and institutional framework

Sustainable mining methods and operational excellence (14 lectures) Mine planning process, components of mine planning, mine development strategy,

mine planning horizons

20

Surface mining methods for sustainable mining operations (Mining methods, modes of transportation, haul road maintenance, dust palliation system etc.)

Under-ground mining methods for sustainable mining operationsTechnological aspects of sustainable mining (3 lectures)

Mine planning and execution technologies Mine surveying technologies

Mine closure and post closure (5 lectures) Systematic / concurrent mine closure Final mine closure and post mine closure

Assurance and Reporting (2 lectures) SDF performance reporting and star rating

Sustainable mining – case studies (2 lectures)

Text book:

1. SME Mining Engineering Hand Book (Third Edition) – Peter Darling

Reference Books:1. Sustainable mining in India – Overview of legal and regulatory framework,

technologies and best process practices – Indian Chamber of Commerce and Cuts – Centre for International Trade, Economics and Environment, 2018.

2. Open Pit Mine Planning & Design – W. Hustrulid and M. Kuchta

MND556 Computational Geomechanics 3 0 0 9

Objectives: Course has been designed so that the students will learn the Finite Element formulation and computer programming, the basic concept of stress & strain in rock, failure criteria for rock & rockmass. Students will also learn the Finite Element technique which is related to the practical applications of Geomechanics. This course will also provide the opportunity to the students to learn how to perform, and analyse the results of, a geomechanical simulation

Course Content:

Unit No.

Details of the unit No. of Lectures

Unit 1 Concept of stress and strain in rock: Analysis of Stress, Analysis of Strain, Transformation of Stresses and strains, Principal stresses and stress invariants, Mohr’s Circle of stress, Stress-Strain Relationships, Relationship between Principal Stresses and Principal Strains, Plane Stress Conditions, Plane Strain Conditions, Axisymmetric Conditions, Equation of Equilibrium, Compatibility conditionExercises

6

Unit 2 Basics of Finite Element Method (FEM) with reference to Geomechanics 4Unit 3 The Finite Element Method in One Dimensions 6

21

Two-Nodded Linear ElementThree-Nodded Quadratic ElementDiscretizationGeometry and Nodal ConnectivityIntegration of Element MatricesMultielement AssemblyBoundary Conditions and SolutionMathematical formulation and Computer ProgrammingExercises

Unit 4 The Finite Element Method in Two DimensionsThree-Nodded Linear Triangle Six-Nodded Quadratic TriangleFour-Nodded Bilinear Quadrilateral Eight-Nodded Quadratic Quadrilateral DiscretizationGeometry and Nodal ConnectivityIntegration of Element MatricesMultielement AssemblyBoundary Conditions and SolutionMathematical formulation and Computer ProgrammingExercises

6

Unit 5 The Finite Element Method in Three DimensionsEight-Nodded Linear Brick Element DiscretizationGeometry and Nodal ConnectivityIntegration of Element MatricesMultielement AssemblyBoundary Conditions and SolutionMathematical formulation and Computer ProgrammingExercises

4

Unit 6 Rock and Rock Mass Failure Criteria: Invariants of Deviatoric Stress, Mohr-Coulomb (MC) Criterion, Hoek-Brown (HB) Criterion, Drucker-Prager CriterionTheory and mathematical formulationExercises

4

Unit 7 Strength and Deformability of Jointed Rock MassFracture Strength of Jointed Rock MassShear Strength of Rock JointConcept of Joint ComplianceExercises

4

Unit 8 Non-Linear Solution Methods in FEM Exercises 2

Unit 9 Applications of the Finite Element Method in GeomechanicsRock joint analysisFluid Flow in Porous Media

3

Text Books:

22

1. Computational Geomechanics by Zienkiewicz, Chan, A. H. C. M. Pastor, B. A. Schrefler, T. Shiomi - -Wiley , 1999

References Books:1. Finite Element method: Concepts and Applications in Geomechanics by D. Deb2. Introduction to Finite Element Analysis Using MATLABآ® and Abaqus 20133. Fundamentals of Finite Element Analysis, by David V. Hutton

23

OPEN ELECTIVES

MNO 501 Mining, Energy, and Climate Change 3 0 0 9

Objective: This course will emphasize on the importance of global warming and its effect on the society. It will also discuss on different mining and energy scenarios and their contribution for increasing the carbon footprint which in turn produces global warming. All-important research and development contributing to reduction of its effect will be presented in the class. In addition, India’s commitment for reduction of carbon footprint and the actions planned for implementation will be the subject of discussion for energizing the young students for their contribution in thoughts and actions for fulfilling the international commitments for saving the Mother Earth.

Units ContentsContactHours

I

Basics of Global Warming and Climate changeGlobal warming and glacial change, the rise of carbon, Alpine “Hot Box” experiment, the atmosphere as a dam built across a river, Royal Institution Laboratory and findings of John Tyndall, Guy Callendar, Arrhenius etc., the age of discovery : findings of Roger Rivelle, Keelings Curve, large scale geophysical experiments, modelling of climate and road to Rio, journey to Paris protocol

06

II

India’s Initial and Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)National Circumstances, GHG Inventory Information, Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation, Research and Systematic Observations, Education, Training and Public Awareness, Programmes Related to Sustainable Development, Constraints and Gaps, and Related Financial, Technical and Capacity Needs

07

III

Coal and Uranium Mining for Energy securityCoal mining and electrical age, Wizards of Menlo Park, Battle of the currents, Metering of the energy, Regulatory bargain, The growth of electrical age, Uranium mining and nuclear cycle, Nuclear navy, Disaster of Three Mile Island, Chernobyl Disasters and Fukushima Daiichi, Growth of India’s coal and uranium mining industry

06

IV

Oil and Natural Gas – Adventure in Energy resourcesGrowth of world’s liquid fuel production, Fluctuation of demand, supply and prices, Fear of running out of oil, Gulf war – Desert storm, Pipeline battle, Influence of different nations in the Persian Gulf, Major discoveries of oil and innovations in the oil and gas industry for higher recovery

06

V Role of renewable energySolar, Wind, Biofuels, Biomass, Geothermal, Hydropower and other

05

24

renewable energy options;Developments in different fields and their contribution to the energy basket

VI

Carbon dioxide sequestration and reduction of carbon footprintDifferent methods for carbon dioxide sequestration: Geological reserves, marine water and other methods for sequestration, other uses of carbon dioxide for reduction of global warming

06

VIIIndia’s commitment for augmenting global warmingParis protocol, India’s commitment for reduction of global warming and actions envisaged

03

Text Books3. Future of Energy: Brian F. Towler (2014)4. The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World : Daniel Yergin

(2011)

MNO 502 Rock Excavation Technology and Equipment 3 0 0 9

Course objectives: Blast free mining/construction has been growing considering the vulnerabilities in handling explosives and avoid cyclin nature of mining/construction to meet the growing excavation needs. The course aims to provide advanced knowledge in rock excavation technology and equipment.

S. No. Topic No. of

Lectures1 Review of rock excavation techniques. 2

2 Mechanical rock cutting: basic cutting methods and application to excavating equipment, mechanics of rock cutting by tools and cutting heads; parameters influencing cutting performance; Selection of excavating systems.

4

3 Rock tunnel boring: boring methods, mechanics of tunnel boring; parameters influencing boring performance; determination of boreability and production rates.

4

4 Ripping of rock: ripping tools, mechanics of ripping, parameters influencing performance of a ripper, determination of rippability and production rate.

2

5 Rock drilling: basic drilling methods; drill tools; mechanics of rock drilling, parameters influencing drilling performance; determination of drillability and rate of drilling.

4

6 Coal winning machines: Shearer, Continuous miner, Roadheader: cutting principles, production potential and power rating.

5

7 Rock cutting by water jet and abrasive water jet: techniques of cutting; mechanics of cutting; factors influencing performance, limitations of the technique. Water jet assisted cutting of rocks.

2

8 Flame jet and Electrical cutting of rocks: mechanism and techniques. 2

25

9 Laser cutting of rocks: mechanics and techniques; Hybrid cutting systems. 1

10 Wear in rock cutting and drilling tools: tool material; factors influencing wear; wear mechanism and methods of estimating/predicting tool wear.

4

11 Diamond wire saw design, cutting rates, consumption 2

12 Ripper design and selectionDrill selection, Roadheader selection (cutter head design)TBM selection (cutter head design), Diamond wire saw, Tool design

7

Total 39Text Book:

1. Mechanical Excavation in Mining and Civil Industries, N. Bilgin, H. Copur and C. Balci, CRC Press, 2013

Books for References: 2. Tunnelling: Design, Stability and Construction, Whittaker B.N. and Frith, R.C., IMM,

19903. Tunnel boring machines: Trends in design and construction of mechanized tunnelling,

Ed. H. Wagner & A. Schulter, CRC press, 1996

MNO 503 Sustainable Mining 3 0 0 9

Course Objective: Mining industry is often regarded as polluting sector as it involves extensive resource exploitation by degradation of land and environment. A sincere effort is required to reduce the environmental impact of mining to its minimum level following the principle of sustainable development and acquiring operation excellence through scientific methods of exploitation and use of technologies in mining. The present course is designed to incorporate various aspects of sustainable mining to provide deeper understanding of various parameters affecting the sustainability of mining operation.

Course Content: An Introduction to Sustainable development for mining sector (13 lectures)Environmental and social perception about miningImpact of mining on the environmentDefinition of sustainable development in mining and need for sustainable development in mining Overview of sustainable development framework for mining and principles of sustainable development frameworkLegal and institutional frameworkSustainable mining methods and operational excellence (14 lectures)Mine planning process, components of mine planning, mine development strategy, mine planning horizons Surface mining methods for sustainable mining operations (Mining methods, modes of transportation, haul road maintenance, dust palliation system etc.)Under-ground mining methods for sustainable mining operations

26

Technological aspects of sustainable mining (3 lectures)Mine planning and execution technologiesMine surveying technologies Mine closure and post closure (5 lectures)Systematic / concurrent mine closure Final mine closure and post mine closureAssurance and Reporting (2 lectures) SDF performance reporting and star rating Sustainable mining – case studies (2 lectures)Text book:

2. SME Mining Engineering Hand Book (Third Edition) – Peter Darling

Reference Books:3. Sustainable mining in India – Overview of legal and regulatory framework,

technologies and best process practices – Indian Chamber of Commerce and Cuts – Centre for International Trade, Economics and Environment, 2018.

4. Open Pit Mine Planning & Design – W. Hustrulid and M. Kuchta5. Surface Mining (Second Edition) – Bruce A. kennedy.

MNO 504 Geospatial Technologies for Natural Resources 3 0 0 9

Objective: The course aims to integrate the professional profiles and disciplinary skills of the students with concepts, methods and tools belonging to the area of new technologies for the territory and the environment. In particular, we intend to highlight the possible applications of Geomatics (a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach for the acquisition, treatment, analysis, storage and distribution of geo-referenced spatial data) in the area of Natural Resources Assessment in the Countries developing.

Units ContentsContactHours

I Introduction of Geospatial technology for identification, evaluation, monitoring and management of natural resources. 3

II Natural Resources Evaluation using geospatial tools: Geology, Geomorphology, soils and Climatology. 9

III Mapping and Monitoring of natural resources: Thematic mapping, information retrieval methods and spatial modelling 9

IV

Role of Geo-spatial technology in mapping of land surface deformation, mapping of Water Resources and Surface Water Bodies, Recent Trends in Natural Resources Inventory, Land degradation Mapping, Landslide Hazards Zonation and mapping of geophysical events.

9

V Management of natural resources: Geoscience, Hydrology, Land, and Vegetation Ecology. 9

Total: 39

27

Text Book4. Rencz, Andrew B. (Editor-in-Chief) (2004), “Remote Sensing for Natural Resource

Management and Environmental Modeling”, Manual of Remote Sensing, Vol. 4. John Wiley.

Reference Book

5. Mahesh Gaur, C.B. Pandey and R.K. Goyal “Remote Sensing For Natural Resources Management & Monitoring”

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