Dhyeya IAS...31 N IAS most trusted since 2003 egRoiw.kZ vH;kl iz'u 7 (eq[; ijh{kk gsrq) 07 {ks=kh; O;kid vkfFkZd lk>snkjh (RCEP) ds dk;ks± rFkk mís';ksa ij foLrkj ls ppkZ djsaA 01

ÂýSÌæßÙæ

ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ ÂýçÌØô»è Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ŠØæÙ ×ð´ ÚU¹·¤ÚU ÕÙæØæ ãñÐ çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ÚUæCþèØ °ß´ ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ ¿ØÙ ·¤ÚU

'PERFECT 7' ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ÁæÌæ ãñÐ §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Ì‰Ø, Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ °ß´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü »ýæçÈ €Uâ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â´·¤ËÂÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ 'PERFECT 7' ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° Ò»æ»ÚU ×ð´ âæ»ÚUÓ âæçÕÌ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ Âÿæ, çßÂÿæ, çßàæðáÌæ¥ô´ ÌÍæ ©Ùâð ÖæÚUÌ °ß´ çßàß ÂÚU ÂÇ¸Ùð ßæÜð ÂýÖæßô´ ·¤è â×èÿææ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ, Ìæç·¤ Àæ˜æ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ ÕæÚUð ×ð´ °·¤ â×Ûæ çß·¤çâÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´Ð 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæØè ÁæÌè ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Ì‰Øô´ °ß´ Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° ã× ¥ÂÙð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ¥çÌçÚU€Ì ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÌð ãñ´Ð §â·¤æ ×éØ ©Î÷ÎðàØ çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ·¤ô â×æçãÌ ·¤ÚUÙæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè â´ÿæðÂ ×ð´ °ß´ ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â ×ð´ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ çÁââð ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ mæÚUæ §âð âÚUÜÌæ âð ¥æˆ×âæÌ ç·¤Øæ Áæ â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ ¥‹Ø Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ·¤è Öæ´çÌ ã× Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·Ô¤ßÜ âÌãè ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÙð ×ð´ çßàßæâ Ùãè´ ÚU¹Ìð ÕçË·¤ âæÚU»çÖüÌ ÕãéÂÿæèØ ¥õÚU ˜æéçÅUÚUçãÌ ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÙð ·¤æ ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ ·¤ÚUÌð ãñ´ çÁââð çâçßÜ âðßæ ×ð´ ã×æÚUð Àæ˜æ âÈ ÜÌæ ¥çÁüÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´, €UØô´ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤è âÈ ÜÌæ ãè ã×æÚUè Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤è ·¤âõÅUè ãñÐ ã×Ùð ¥ÂÙð ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ °ß´ ÂçÚUŸæ× ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô ÒÂÚUÈÔ¤€UÅUÓ ÕÙæÙð ·¤æ ·¤æØü ç·¤Øæ ãñ, çÈ ÚU Öè ØçÎ ·¤ô§ü ˜æéçÅU ÚUã »Øè ãô Ìô ©âð âéÏæÚUÙð ×ð´ ¥æÂ·Ô¤ âéÛææß âæÎÚU ¥æ×´ç˜æÌ ãñ´Ð

ÁèÌ çâ´ãâÂæÎ·¤, ŠØðØ IAS

â´ƒæ Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô» ß ¥‹Ø ÚUæ’Ø Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô»ô´ mæÚUæ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ×ð´ çß»Ì ·é À ßáô´ü âð ÚUæCþèØ ß ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ âð â´Õ´çÏÌ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤è â´Øæ ×ð´ ÕÉ¸ôžæÚUè

ãé§ü ãñÐ §â·¤è ÂéçC çß»Ì ßáô´ü ×ð´ â´Â‹Ù ãé§ü ÂÚUèÿææ¥ô´ ·Ô¤ ÂýàÙ Â˜æ âð ·¤è Áæ â·¤Ìè ãñÐ §âçÜ° ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ãñ, Áô ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ¥ˆØ´Ì ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ãñ´Ð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ©ÂØô»è ãñ, ÕçË·¤ Øã âæÿææˆ·¤æÚU ·Ô¤ çÜ° Öè ¥ˆØ´Ì ©ÂØô»è ãñÐ §â×ð´ â×âæ×çØ·¤ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤ô ÕðãÎ ÚUô¿·¤ É´» âð ÌæçÜ·¤æ,Üô¿æÅUü °ß´ ç¿˜æô´ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×ÛææØæ »Øæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤ô â´·¤çÜÌ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ã×æÚUæ ÂýØæâ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ¥ÍæüÌ÷ °·¤ SÂC çßàÜðá‡ææˆ×·¤ âæ´¿ð ×ð´ ÉæÜÙð ·¤æ ÚUãæ ãñ ÕçË·¤ °ðâð ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ §â×ð´ çßSÌëÌ çßßð¿Ù Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁÙ·¤æ ¥‹Ø â×âæ×çØ·¤ Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ×ð´ çÁ·ý Ì·¤ Ùãè´ ãôÌæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ·¤ô ÕðãÎ âÅUè·¤Ìæ ß ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â âð ÂýSÌéÌ ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁââð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·¤× â×Ø ×ð´ Öè ©ÂØô»è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè âéÜÖ ãô â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚUÌ 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUð´, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Âè¥æ§üÕè, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙ ß âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Ì‰Øô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæ Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ Øãæ¡ Øã SÂC ·¤ÚUÙæ ¥æßàØ·¤ ãñ ç·¤ ç·¤âè Öè Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ Ì‰Øô´ ·¤è ×æ˜ææ âð ’ØæÎæ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ©â·¤è »é‡æßžææ ãôÌè ãñ, §âçÜ° §âè çâfæ´Ì ·¤æ ¥ÙéÂæÜÙ ·¤ÚU·Ô¤ ã×Ùð âæÚU»çÖüÌ M¤Â ×ð´ Øã Âç˜æ·¤æ ¥æÂ·Ô¤ â×é¹ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ãñ, ¿ê´ç·¤ ·¤ô§ü Öè ·ë çÌ ¥´çÌ× Ùãè´ ãôÌè ãñ, ©â×ð´ âéÏæÚU ·¤è âÎñß â´ÖæßÙæ°¡ çßl×æÙ ÚUãÌè ãñ´Ð ¥ÌÑ âÖè Àæ˜æô´ âð ¥ÙéÚUôÏ ãñ ç·¤ ¥ÂÙð Õãé×êËØ âéÛææßô´ ß â×æÜô¿Ùæ¥ô´ âð ã×ð´ ¥ß»Ì ·¤ÚUæ°´Ð

¥ßÙèàæ Âæ‡ÇðØâÂæÎ·¤, ŠØðØ IAS

ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003

1 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03

Hkkjr&usiky laca/ % lq/kj dh vko';drk01

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ gky gh esa ,d ijaijk ds rgr Hkkjrh; lsuk çeq• ujo.ks usiky ds nkSj ij x;s tgka mUgsa ,d •kl lEeku ls uoktk x;kA vkSj gj lky Hkkjrh; lsuk çeq• dks usiky dh ljdkj cqykrh gS vkSj usikyh lsuk ds tujy ds ekun in ls mUgsa lEekfur fd;k tkrk gSA

¥ blds fy, ,d •kl lekjksg vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa bl ckj vkehZ phiQ ujo.ks us fgLlk fy;kA bl fo'ks"k lekjksg esa jk"Vªifr fo|k nsoh HkaMkjh us ekun lsukè;{k dh mikf/ ls tujy ujokus dks uoktkA

¥ nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp py jgs lhek fookn vkSj usiky ljdkj ds gky ds eghuksa ds Hkkjr fojks/h c;kuksa ds ckn ls bl ijaijk dk egRo bl ckj ckSrksa ij lgefr cuh gSA

¥ buesa fcgkj ds jDlkSy vkSj dkBekaMw ds chp lkefjd jsyos fyad dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,xk] rkfd yksxksa ds chp laidZ rFkk cM+s iSekus ij eky ds vkokxeu dks lqfo/ktud cuk;k tk ldsA blds vykok eksfrgkjh ls usiky ds vesy•xat rd nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp vkW;y ikbiykbu fcNkus ij Hkh gky gh esa lgefr cuh FkhA

¥ blds vfrfjÙkQ usiky ljdkj us j{kk ea=kky; ls mi ç/kuea=kh bZ'oj iks•jsy dks gVk fn;k gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd iks•jsy] Hkkjr ds ,d rst vkSj fujarj vkykspd

egRoiw.kZ eqís7



ds :i esa jgs gSa vkSj Hkkjr dks usikyh xfrfof/;ksa ls vlgt djus dk n`f"Vdks.k j•rs gSaA

¥ blds vykok fiNys gÝrs dkBekaMw esa fjlpZ ,aM ,ukfyfll foax (R-AW) ds çeq• lkear xks;y ds nkSjs ls Hkh Hkkjr&usiky laca/ lqf•Z;ksa esa FkkA bl nkSjku mUgksaus ç/kuea=kh dsih vksyh ls Hkh eqykdkr dh Fkh| bl eqykdkr ds rqjar ckn usiky ds lqj cnys gq, utj vk, vkSj ih,e vksyh us usiky dk iqjkuk uD'kk V~ohV fd;kA ftlesa Hkkjrh; {ks=k dks usiky esa ugha fn•k;k x;k gSA

Hkkjr usiky lhek fookn dk bfrgkl

¥ bu nksuksa ns'kksa ds lhek ifjlheu dk yack bfrgkl jgk gSA 1816 dh lqxkSyh laf/ ls igys] usikyh jkT; if'pe esa lryt unh ls iwoZ esa rhLrk unh rd iQSyk gqvk FkkA usiky ,aXyks&usikyh ;q¼ gkj x;k vkSj ifj.kkeh laf/ us usiky dks vius orZeku {ks=kksa rd lhfer dj fn;kA

¥ orZeku fookn bl fo"k; ls mRiUu gqvk fd usiky ekurk gS fd dkykikuh esa egkdkyh unh ls tqM+us okyh lgk;d unh dkyh unh ugha gSA usiky vc dgrk gS fd dkyh unh fyiq ys• ds ikl if'pe esa fLFkr gSA

¥ vaxzstksa us frCcr vkSj phu ds lkFk O;kikj ds fy, fyiq ys• njZs dk bLrseky fd;kA 1870 ds n'kd ds ckn ls loZs vkWiQ bafM;k ds uD'ks us fyiq ys• ds {ks=k dks dkykikuh ls fczfV'k Hkkjr ds fgLls ds :i esa fn•k;kA usiky vkSj usikyh jktkvksa ds jk.kk 'kkldksa us lhek Lohdkj dj yh vkSj Hkkjr dh Lora=krk ds ckn Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkFk dksbZ vkifÙk ugha dhA

¥ 1857 ds foæksg dks •Re djus esa tax cgknqj jk.kk }kjk nh xbZ lSU; enn ds fy, ,d buke ds :i esa] usikyxat vkSj dfiyoLrq ds {ks=kksa dks usiky esa tYn gh cgky fd;k x;k FkkA vaxzstksa us dkykikuh {ks=k lfgr x



fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku ij ikfdLrku dh dwVuhfrd pky ,oa Hkkjr dk n`f"Vdks.k

02

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ gky gh esa ikfdLrku us Hkkjr ds vfHkUu

vax fxyfxr&ckyfVLrku dks viuk

ik¡poka çkar ?kksf"kr dj fn;kA gkykafd

;FkkfLFkfr esa fdlh Hkh cnyko ds fy,

,d laoS/kfud la'kks/u dh vko';drk

gksxhA ;fn bls vafre :i fn;k tkrk

gS] rks fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku ikfdLrku dk

ikapok çkar cu tk,xkA xkSjryc gS fd

orZeku esa cywfpLrku] •Scj&i[rwu[ok]

iatkc vkSj fla/] ikfdLrku ds pkj çkar

gSaA Hkkjr us bl ij dM+k ,rjkt trkrs

gq, Li"V :i ls dgk gS fd 1947 esa

tEew&d'ehj ds Hkkjr la?k esa oS/] iw.kZ

vkSj vVy foy; dh otg ls rFkkdfFkr

fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku lesr dsaæ 'kkflr

çns'k tEew&d'ehj vkSj yík• Hkkjr

dk vfHkUu vax gSa] vkSj bl ij fdlh

rjg dk fu.kZ; ysus ;k bldh oS/kfud

fLFkfr cnyus dk vf/dkj ikfdLrku dks

ugha gSA blds vfrfjÙkQ Hkkjr ljdkj us

ikfdLrku ls ikd vf/Ñr d'ehj vkSj

fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks •kyh djus ds

fy, Hkh dgk gSA

fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dh vofLFkfr

¥ fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku tEew&d'ehj ds

mÙkj&if'peh esa fLFkr Å¡pkbZ okyk ,d

igkM+h {ks=k gS] ftls ikfdLrku }kjk ç'kkflr

fd;k tkrk gSA ;g bykdk djkdksje

jsat esa gSa vkSj phu ds mÙkj&if'pe ds

çkar f'kuft;kax ds lkFk Hkh lVk gqvk

gS] ftlds dkj.k bl bykds dk lkefjd

vkSj okf.kfT;d nksuksa gh egRo gSA phu

ikfdLrku vkfFkZd xfy;kjs us nksuksa ns'kksa

ds fy, bl {ks=k dks vkSj egRoiw.kZ cuk

fn;k gSA

¥ fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku ds if'pe esa

viQxkfuLrku gS] blds nf{k.k esa

ikfdLrku ds dCts okyk d'ehj gS] vkSj

iwoZ esa tEew&d'ehj gSA fiNys ,d lky

ls ikfdLrku }kjk fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks

çkarh; ntkZ nsus dh ;kstuk cukbZ tk jgh

FkhA gkykafd dqN tkudkjksa dk ekuuk

gS fd ikfdLrku }kjk mBk;k x;k ;g

dne lhisd (China-Pakistan Economic

Corridor -CPEC) vkSj phuh fgr ls tqM+k

gqvk gSA

fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dk bfrgkl

¥ Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds chp lcls cM+k

fookn fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks ysdj gSA

ikfdLrku ç'kkflr d'ehj ds if'peh fljs

ij fxyfxr vkSj blds nf{k.k esa ckfYVLrku

fLFkr gSA ;g bykdk 4 uoacj 1947 ds ckn

ls gh ikfdLrku ds ç'kklu esa gSA Hkkjr

dh vktknh ls igys fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku

tEew d'ehj fj;klr dk gh fgLlk FkkA

ysfdu fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku ds bykds dks

vaxzstksa us ogka ds egkjktk ls lky 1846

ls yht ij ys j•k FkkA tc vaxzst Hkkjr

NksM+dj tkus yxs rks bls tEew d'ehj

ds egkjktk gfj flag dks okil dj fn;k

x;kA gfj flag us fczxsfM;j ?kalkj flag dks

;gka dk xouZj cuk;kA fxyfxr LdkmV~l

ogha rSukr jghA ml le; bl iQkSt ds

vf/dka'k vf/dkjh vaxzst gh gqvk djrs

FksA 1947 esa tc d'ehj ij ikfdLrkuh

iQkSt us geyk dj fn;k rks 31 vDVwcj

dks egkjktk gfjflag us Hkkjr ds lkFk

foy; ds le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj dj fn,A

¥ bl rjg fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku Hkh Hkkjr dk

fgLlk cu x;kA ysfdu fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku

esa ekStwn iQkSt ds vaxzst vf/dkfj;ksa us

bl le>kSrs dks ugha ekukA ogka iQkSt

us xouZj ?kalkj flag dks tsy esa Mky

fn;kA ogka ds vaxzst iQkSth vf/dkfj;ksa us

ikfdLrku ds lkFk fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks

feykus dk le>kSrk dj fy;kA 1 uoacj

1947 dks fxyfxr esa ikfdLrku dk >aMk

iQgjk fn;k x;kA ikfdLrku dh ljdkj

us lnj eksgEen vkye dks ;gka dk u;k

ç'kkld fu;qÙkQ dj fn;kA

¥ 1 uoacj 1947 dks ;g fgLlk ikfdLrku ds

ç'kklu esa pyk x;kA 1949 esa ikfdLrku

ç'kkflr d'ehj vkSj ikfdLrkuh ljdkj

ds chp gq, djkph le>kSrs ds rgr

fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks ikfdLrku dks lkSai

fn;k x;kA 1970 esa bls vyx ç'kklfud

bdkbZ dk ntkZ ns fn;k x;k vkSj bldk



uke ukWnZu ,fj;k j•k x;kA 2007 esa okil

bldk uke cnydj fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku

dj fn;k x;kA ikfdLrku esa pkj jkT; gSaA

buds vykok ikd ç'kkflr d'ehj vkSj

fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks Lok;Ùk bykds dk

ntkZ fn;k x;k gSA

¥ Hkkjr ljdkj us 1994 esa laln esa ,d

çLrko ikl dj ikd ç'kkflr d'ehj vkSj

fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dks Hkkjr dk vfHkUu

vax crk;k Fkk vkSj ikfdLrku ls bl

bykds ij viuk dCtk NksM+us ds fy,

dgk FkkA

fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dh orZeku fLFkfr D;k gS\

¥ 2009 esa ikfdLrku ds rRdkyhu

jk"Vªifr vkfliQ vyh tjnkjh us

fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku ,EikWojesaV ,aM lsYiQ

xouZsal vkWMZj 2009 tkjh fd;kA bl

dkuwu ds rgr fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku esa ,d

fo/kulHkk cukus vkSj fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku

dkmafly cukus ds vkns'k fn, x,A

fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku esa eq[;ea=kh vkSj

xouZj nksuksa gksrs gSaA fdlh Hkh ekeys dk

vafre iQSlyk ysus dk vf/dkj xouZj ds

ikl lqjf{kr gSA gkykafd lkjs t:jh iQSlys

ysus dk vf/dkj fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku

dkmafly ds ikl gSA blds vè;{k

ikfdLrku ds ç/kuea=kh gksrs gSaA 2009 ds

ljdkjh vkns'k dks 2018 esa cnyk x;k

vkSj fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dh fo/kulHkk

dks dbZ egRoiw.kZ vf/dkj fn, x,A ;gk¡

vkf•jh pquko tqykbZ 2015 esa gq, Fks]

fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku dh ekStwnk fo/kulHkk

dk dk;Zdky bl lky tqykbZ esa lekIr

gqvk FkkA dksjksuk egkekjh ds dkj.k u,

pquko ugha gks lds gSaA bl chp] ikfdLrku

dh lqçhe dksVZ us fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku ds

vf/dkj {ks=k esa c



vesfjdk dh fgUn&iz'kkar uhfr ,oa Hkkjr&Jhyadk laca/03

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ fiNys dqN gÝrksa esa Hkkjr us vius iM+kslh

ns'kksa ls utnhfd;ka c



egklkxj esa Hkkjr dk 90 çfr'kr dkjksckj

gksrk gS vkSj bldk 90 çfr'kr ÅtkZ lzksr

gSA

¥ fgan ç'kkar {ks=k esa phu ds vkØked

O;ogkj ij yxke yxkus ds fy, vesfjdk

vkSj Hkkjr nks cM+s yksdrkaf=kd ns'k gSa vkSj

nksuksa gh phu dh foLrkjoknh uhfr;ksa ij

jksd yxkus ds fy, dke dj jgs gSaA

phu ds blh vkØked joS;s dk fo;ruke]

eysf'k;k] fiQyhihUl] CkzqusbZ vkSj rkboku

Hkh fojks/ dj jgs gSaA blds vfrfjÙkQ

vesfjdk ds fy, Jhyadk ,d dherh

lk>snkj gS] ,slk lk>snkj tks ¶fgan&ç'kkar

{ks=k ds dsaæ ds rkSj ij {ks=kh; LFkkf;Ro

vkSj le`f¼ ds fy, ;ksxnku nsxkA¸ ;s

ekStwnk vkSj egkekjh ds ckn dh nqfu;k

dh cnyh gqbZ okLrfodrk dks fn•krk

gSA pwafd nqfu;k ds dbZ fgLlksa esa dksjksuk

ok;jl egkekjh fcuk deh ds iQSyrh tk

jgh gS] ,sls esa mEehn dh tk jgh gS fd

lHkh ns'k T;knk&ls&T;knk Hkhrj dh vksj

#• djsaxs vkSj mudh fons'k uhfr dk y{;

jktuhfrd O;kogkfjdrk vkSj muds vius

eryc ds fglkc ls r; gksxkA T;knkrj

ns'kksa dk rkRdkfyd vkSj egRoiw.kZ y{;

?kjsyw fpark,a] vkfFkZd cgkyh vkSj jk"Vªh;

lqj{kk gksxhA ,sls esa mudh fons'k uhfr

yksdra=k dks csnkj ds :i

esa ns•rk gSA Hkkjr vkSj blds lk>snkjksa

ds le{k mRiUu pqukSfr;ksa ds dkj.k

varjkZ"Vªh; vkradokn] ik;jslh] laxfBr

vijk/] u'khyh inkFkks± dh rLdjh vkSj

gfFk;kjksa ds O;kikj ds vfu"Vdkjh çHkkoksa

ls fuiVus esa la;qDr lg;ksx esa c



u;s fo'o ds fuekZ.k esa izkphu ;wjksi dh egÙkk04

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ vesfjdk ds lkFk Vw Iyl Vw ehfVax ds ckn Hkkjr vc ;wjksih; ns'kksa ds lkFk egRoiw.kZ j.kuhfrd lk>snkjh ij iQksdl dj jgk gSA blfy, fons'k lfpo g"kZ Jàxyk gky gh esa yanu] iSfjl vkSj cfyZu esa ,d lIrkg ds nkSjs iSj x;s gSaA g"kZ Jàxy us vius igys pj.k esa Úkal ds MhthvkjvkbZ,l ,fyl xqbVu dh ds lkFk egÙoiw.kZ cSBd dh ftlesa mUgksaus Hkkjr&ç'kkar {ks=k ,oa leqæh lqj{kk] j{kk lk>snkjh vkSj {ks=kh; lqj{kk lg;ksx ij ppkZ dhA

¥ oks ;wds] Úkal vkSj teZuh ds fons'k nÝrjksa] ogka ds lkalnksa vkSj vdknfed txr ds yksxksa ds lkFk fo'ks"k eqíksa ij ppkZ djsaxsA ,slk vuqeku gS fd Jàxyk ds bl nkSjs dk mís'; dksfoM ykWdMkmu ds ckn ;wjksi dh jkt/kfu;ksa ls rkyesy fcBkus dh çfØ;k nksckjk cgky djuk gSA

Hkkjr vkSj ;wjksi

¥ ;wjksi] Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikfjd lk>snkj gSA 2019 esa ;wjksih; la?k vkSj Hkkjr ds chp 80 vjc ;wjks dk dkjksckj gqvk FkkA tks vesfjdk vkSj phu ls Hkh vf/d gSA

¥ ;wjksih; laln dh uoacj 2019 dh nf{k.k ,f'k;k iQSDV'khV ds vuqlkj] ^nksuksa i{kksa ds chp oLrqksa dk vuqekfur O;kikj 90 vjc ;wjks FkkA blesa Hkkjr 2 vjc ;wjks dk ljIyl O;kikj dj jgk FkkA ;wjksih; la?k] Hkkjr ds fy, fuos'k dk Hkh lcls çeq• lzksr gSA

¥ ;wjksih; la?k ls Hkkjr esa 76-7 vjc ;wjks dk vkmVokMZ LVkWd bUosLVesaV fd;k x;k gS| rks] 11 vjc ;wjks dk buokMZ LVkWd fuos'k Hkh fd;k x;k gSA bl le; Hkkjr dks ;wjksih; la?k ds tujykbTM Ldhe vkWiQ çsiQjsalst (GSP) ds rgr O;kikj dk ykHk gksrk gSA

¥ blds varxZr ekuokf/dkjksa vkSj Jfed vfèkdkjksa ds rgr Hkkjr dks bdrjiQk O;kikfjd rjthg ;wjksih; la?k ls gkfly gksrh gSA bl le; Hkkjr esa ;wjksih; la?k dh

Ng gtkj ls T;knk daifu;ka dkjksckj dj jgh gSaA bu daifu;ksa ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr esa lkB yk• ls vf/d yksxksa dks çR;{k ;k ijks{k :i ls jkstxkj feyk gqvk gSA

¥ gkykafd] ;wjksih; la?k vkSj Hkkjr ds chp f}i{kh; laca/ vkSj fuos'k ds laca/ rc vVd x,] tc Hkkjr us ;wjksih; la?k ds lkFk çLrkfor eqÙkQ O;kikj le>kSrs (FTA) ds fy, okrkZ djus ls budkj dj fn;k Fkk ;s ckrphr yacs le; ls LFkfxr FkhA vkf/dkfjd :i ls bls czkWMcsLM] VªsM ,saM bUosLVesaV ,xzhesaV (BTIA) dk uke fn;k x;k gSA

¥ nksuksa i{kksa ds chp bl eqÙkQ O;kikj le>kSrs dks ysdj ckrphr 2007 esa 'kq: gks xbZ Fkh 2016 esa Hkkjr us ;wjksih; la?k ds lnL; ns'kksa ds lkFk ekStwnk le>kSrksa dks u, fljs ls fu/kZfjr fd;k Fkk vkSj blds ckn mlus ;wjksih; la?k ds lkeus f}i{kh; fuos'k le>kSrs (BIT) dk u;k ekWMy çLrqr fd;k FkkA

fopkjksa esa erHksn

¥ ;wjksih; la?k us Hkkjr ls bl u, ekWMy ij ckrphr djus ls lkiQ budkj dj fn;kA blds vykok] ;wjksih; la?k vkSj Hkkjr] fo'o O;kikj laxBu esa ,d csgn dVq O;kikfjd fookn esa Hkh my>s gq, gSaA Hkkjr us lwpuk vkSj lapkj rduhd (ICT) dh dqN oLrqvksa ij vk;kr ij 'kqYd dks 7-5 çfr'kr ls ckSrs ds laHkkfor çHkko dk vkdyu fd;k x;k gS ftlds vuqlkj nksuksa i{kksa ds fy, 8 fcfy;u ;wjks ls 8-5 fcfy;u ;wjks ds O;kikj esa o`f¼ gqbZ gS] lkFk gh O;kikj ds vf/d o`f¼ ls Hkkjr esa çokg dh laHkkouk gSA

¥ ;g vè;;u i;kZoj.kh; ekudksa tSls

oSf'od lkoZtfud oLrqvksa ds çko/ku ij

vfrfjÙkQ leUo; ls laHkkfor ykHk dks Hkh

lanfHkZr djrk gSA

¥ tyok;q ifjorZu ij] ;wjksih; la?k vius u,

vkS|ksfxd j.kuhfr xzhu Mhy ds ekè;e ls

2050 rd dkcZu&mRltZu dks rVLFk cukus

ds fy, vius egRokdka{kh y{; ij fuekZ.k

dk;Z dj jgk gSA

;wjksi vkSj phu % lk>snkjh esa cnyko

¥ egk}hi esa phu ds c



nsj ls •qyhA tSlk fd Úkal ds jk"Vªifr

eSØksu ds bl dFku ls Hkh tkfgj gksrk

gS fd ;wjksih; ljyrk dk ;qx lekIr gks

pqdk gSA

;wjksi vkSj ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ds lkFk mHkjrh u;h lk>snkjh

¥ ;wjksih; la?k us] viuh vksj ls] 2018

esa dusfDVax ;wjksi ,aM ,f'k;k& fcfYMax

CykWDl iQkWj ,u bZ;w LVªsVsth dks ysdj

viuh j.kuhfr tkjh dh] ftldk mís';

nksuksa egk}hiksa ds chp vkfFkZd voljksa dks

•ksyuk vkSj fVdkÅ] ikjn'khZ ,oa dq'ky

dusfDVfoVh dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA

¥ blus 2019 esa tkiku ds lkFk lrr

dusfDVfoVh ,oa xq.koÙkkiw.kZ bUÚkLVªDpj

ij ,d le>kSrs ij Hkh gLrk{kj fd,] tks

dusfDVfoVh ds lHkh vk;keksa& f}i{kh; vkSj

cgqi{kh;& dks çksRlkfgr djrk gS vkSj mu

ij dke djrk gS] ftlesa ifjogu] ÅtkZ]

fMftVy vkSj yksxksa ls yksxksa dk tqM+ko

'kkfey gSA

¥ blds vykok Hkkjr vkSj ;wjksih; la?k lqj{kk

ds {ks=k esa esa Hkh vkxs ck fgrksa okys bykdksa tSls fd]

fgan egklkxj esa 'kkafr vkSj fLFkjrk yk ldsaA

leqæh O;kikfjd ekxks± dh lqj{kk] ;wjksih;

la?k vkSj Hkkjr] nksuksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ

çkFkfedrk dk fo"k; gSA blhfy, nksuksa gh

i{k vkt lSU; {ks=k esa lg;ksx dk nk;jk

vkSj c



Hkkjr esa [kk|kuksa dk izca/u % pqukSfr;k¡ ,oa lek/ku05

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ dksjksukok;jl ds dkj.k iQSyh egkekjh ls bl le; nqfu;k ds yxHkx reke ns'k tw> jgs gSaA Hkkjr esa bl ladV ls fucVus ds fy, vyx&vyx Lrj ij dksf'k'ksa gks jgh gSaA bl chp Hkkjrh; •k| fuxe (,iQlhvkbZ) us vk'oLr fd;k gS fd ns'k esa •k| lkefxz;ksa dh dksbZ deh ugha gSA fofnr gks fd tc ns'k esa •k|kUu dh deh gqbZ rks ç/kuea=kh yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh ds ukjs t; toku] t; fdlku ds lkFk fdlkuksa dh ljkguk dh xbZA orZeku esa ns'k esa vdky dh fLFkfr ugha gS] cfYd vkt •k|kUu dh ck



iQyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa dk uqdlku

¥ ns'k esa lkykuk 2 yk• djksM+ #i;s dh

iQy o lfCt;ksa dh cjcknh gksrh gSA

bldh eq[; otg •k| çlaLdj.k bdkb;ksa

dh deh] vk/qfud HkaMkj.k lqfo/kvksa dk

vHkko rFkk bl eqís ls fuiVus ds çfr

laosnughu joS;k gSA ns'k esa 22 çfr'kr

iQy o lfCt;k¡ Fkksd eafM;ksa esa igq¡p

ikrh gSa ftlls lkykuk djksM+ks a #i;s dk

uqdlku gksrk gSA

lek/ku

¥ gj eaMh ;kMZ esa flyks (;g /krq ;k

LVhy ls fufeZr flfyaMj ds vkdkj dh

lajpuk gksrh gSA blesa vukt dks cM+h

ek=kk esa dUos;j csYV ds ekè;e ls j•k

tkrk gSA çR;sd flyks dh {kerk yxHkx

25]000 gtkj Vu gksrh gS] vukt dh

Lopkfyr liQkbZ vkSj otu djus dh

e'khu (tks bysDVªkWfud jlhn tkjh djrh

gS) vkSj flyks (SILO) esa vukt dks LVksj

djus ds fy, ,d fyÝV gksuh pkfg,A

¥ iQyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds mRiknu vkSj

çca/u ij tksj% lCth vkSj iQyksa dh

fcØh vkSj fu;kZr ls 150]000 djksM+

#i;s çkIr fd, tk ldrs gSaA bl rjg ls

tqVkbZ xbZ /ujkf'k dk mi;ksx cht /u

ds :i esa vU; oLrqvksa ds fy, ewY;

fLFkjhdj.k dks"k dh LFkkiuk ds fy,

fd;k tkuk pkfg,A gesa lqijekdZsV ls

tqM+h dksYM psu dh LFkkiuk dks c



IykTek Fksjsih ,oa mldh izHkkodkfjrk06

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ dksfoM&19 jksfx;ksa ij gky gh esa çdkf'kr

IykTek Fksjsih ij fu"d"kks± us bldh

çHkkodkfjrk ij ,d cgl NsM+ nh gSA

xkSjryc gS fd Hkkjr esa dksjksuk ok;jl

ds f•ykiQ tax esa IykTek Fksjih dks cM+s

gfFk;kj ds rkSj ij crk;k tk jgk gSA fdUrq

vkbZlh,evkj (Indian Council of Medical

Research) us vc rd çkIr ifj.kkeksa ds

vk/kj ij fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS fd IykTek

Fksjsih dksjksuk ds fo#¼ mruk çHkkoh ugha

gS ftruh bldh mEehn dh tk jgh FkhA

fiQj Hkh dksjksuk ls lokZf/d çHkkfor tSls

egkjk"Vª] fnYyh vkfn IykTek Fksjsih dks

c



IykTek (lhih) dk nks Mkst fn;k x;k FkkA

blesa ls IykTek Fksjsih çkIr djus okys 44

ejhtksa (18-7») vkSj LVSaMMZ ds;j okys

41 ejhtksa (17-9») ds lexz çkFkfed

ifj.kke lkeus vk,A fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd]

bl nkSjku IykTek Fksjsih okys 235 ejhtksa

esa ls 34 (13-6 iQhlnh) vkSj LVSaMMZ

VªhVesaV ysus okys 229 ejhtksa esa ls 31

(14-6») ejhtksa dh ekSr gqbZ FkhA

¥ fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k] ^lHkh ukekafdr

çfrHkkfx;ksa dks Dyhfudy tkap vkSj dbZ

yScksjsVjh tkap ls xqtjuk iM+k] ftlesa

/euh jÙkQ xSl (,chth) fo'ys"k.k] iw.kZ

jÙkQ x.kuk] xqnZs vkSj ;Ñr fØ;k ijh{k.k

'kkfey gSaA lHkh ejhtksa ls 28osa fnu

VsyhiQksu ds tfj;s mudh LokLF; fLFkfr

dk vkdyu fd;k x;kA* dksjksuk Fksjsih

çkIr djus okys ejhtksa esa lkal ysus vkSj

Fkdku dh leL;k lkrosa fnu cus dh dksf'k'ksa dh tk jgh gSaA

nqfu;k Hkj esa 700 ejhtksa ls yh xbZ

tkudkjh ds ,d vè;;u esa ik;k x;k

fd blds mi;ksx ls dksfoM&19 ds ejhtksa

esa e`R;q nj dks 50 çfr'kr rd ?kVkus esa

liQyrk feyhA ysfdu bl ijh{k.k ds

urhtksa dh vHkh ih;j leh{kk ugha gqbZ gS]

blfy, blds urhtksa ij vHkh iwjh rjg ls

fo'okl ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

¥ IykTek Fksjsih dksbZ tknqbZ rjhdk ugha gS

vkSj tc rd ;s irk ugha py tkrk fd

fdl&fdl rjg ds ejhtksa ij ;g vlj

djrh gS] bldk bLrseky cM+s foosdiw.kZ



jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k esa ok;q xq.koÙkk izca/u ij mBrk loky07

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥ Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr us fnYyh&jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh

{ks=k (,ulhvkj) vkSj vklikl ds {ks=kksa esa

ok;q çnw"k.k ls fuiVus ds fy, ,d LFkk;h

vk;ksx ds xBu ds fy, dsaæ ljdkj }kjk

yk, x, vè;kns'k ij gLrk{kj dj fn;s gSaA

xkSjryc gS fd jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj

vklikl ds {ks=kksa esa ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u

gsrq vk;ksx vè;kns'k*] 2020 (Commission

for Air Quality Management in National

Capital Region and Adjoining Areas

Ordinance) dks dsaæ }kjk çLrqr fd;k x;k

FkkA;g jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj vklikl

ds mu bykds rd ykxw gksxk] tgka ok;q

çnw"k.k ls lacaf/r eqís gSaA

vk;ksx dh lajpuk

¥ vk;ksx esa 20 lnL; gksaxsA bl vk;ksx dh

vè;{krk Hkkjr ljdkj ds lfpo vFkok

jkT; ljdkj ds eq[; lfpo ds jSad ds

vf/dkjh }kjk dh tk,xhA ;g ,d LFkk;h

fudk; gksxkA blds vfrfjÙkQ nks iw.kZdkfyd

lnL; gksaxs tks dsaæ ljdkj ds la;qÙkQ lfpo

gksaxsA

¥ bl vk;ksx esa rhu iw.kZdkfyd Lora=k

rduhdh lnL; gksaxs ftUgsa ok;q çnw"k.k

laca/h oSKkfud tkudkjh gksxhA dsaæh;

çnw"k.k fu;a=k.k cksMZ (lhihlhch) ds ,d

rduhdh lnL; Hkh gksaxs rFkk bljks ,d

rduhdh lnL; dks ukfer djsxkA

¥ ok;q çnw"k.k jksdus ds laca/ esa vuqHko

j•us okys ,uthvks ds rhu lnL; Hkh gksaxsA

vk;ksx lg;ksxh lnL;ksa dks Hkh fu;qÙkQ dj

ldrk gSA vk;ksx esa fuxjkuh vkSj igpku]

lqj{kk vkSj çorZu rFkk vuqla/ku vkSj

fodkl esa çR;sd ls ,d&,d ds lkFk rhu

mi desVh gksxhA

¥ vk;ksx ds ikl ok;q (çnw"k.k jksdFkke

vkSj fu;a=k.k) dkuwu 1981] vkSj i;kZoj.k

(laj{k.k) dkuwu 1986 tSls ekStwnk dkuwuksa

ds rgr fuokj.k ds fy, ekeyksa dk Lor%

laKku ysus] f'kdk;rksa ij lquokbZ] vkns'k

tkjh djus dk vf/dkj gksxkA vk;ksx ds

ikl ,ulhvkj vkSj vklikl ds {ks=kksa esa

ok;q çnw"k.k ds fy, ftEesnkj fdlh Hkh

xfrfof/;ksa ij ikcanh yxkus dk vf/dkj

gksxkA

vf/dkj {ks=k

¥ vè;kns'k ds eqrkfcd fnYyh vkSj ,ulhvkj

ls tqM+s bykds] vkl ikl ds {ks=k tgka ;g

ykxw gksxk mlesa iatkc] gfj;k.kk] jktLFkku

vkSj mÙkjçns'k gSaA

ltk dk çko/ku

¥ vk;ksx ds fdlh Hkh çko/ku ;k fu;eksa

;k vkns'k ;k funZs'k dk ikyu ugha djuk

naMuh; vijk/ gksxk ftlds fy, ikap lky

tsy dh ltk ;k ,d djksM+ #i;s tqekZuk ;k

,d lkFk nksuksa ltk gks ldrh gSA

vk;ksx ds dk;Z

¥ ;g vk;ksx ,ulhvkj esa ok;q xq.koÙkk dh

lqj{kk vkSj lq/kj ds fy, f'kdk;rksa ij

fopkj djus] funZs'k tkjh djus ds fy,

mik; djsxkA blds vfrfjÙkQ] ;g fofHkUu

lzksrksa ls i;kZoj.k çnw"kd ds fuoZgu ;k

mRltZu ds fy, ekinaMksa dks fu/kZfjr djsxkA

¥ ;g vk;ksx ok;q çnw"k.k dks ysdj rhu

O;kid {ks=kksa ij utj j•sxkA ;s rhu {ks=k

ok;q çnw"k.k dh fuxjkuh] dkuwuksa dks ykxw

djkuk vkSj fjlpZ ,oa u, ç;ksxksa ls tqM+s

gksaxsA vk;ksx rhu vyx&vyx {ks=kksa dh

leh{kk vkSj tkap ds fy, mi&lfefr;ksa dh

LFkkiuk djsxkA

¥ ;g vk;ksx fnYyh&,ulhvkj esa ok;q dh

xq.koÙkk dks •jkc djus okys dkjd tSls&

ijkyh tykus] okguksa ds çnw"k.k] /wy çnw"k.k

vkSj vU; lHkh eqíksa ij xkSj djsxkA vk;ksx

viuh okf"kZd fjiksVZ laln dks çLrqr djsxkA

fnYyh&,ulhvkj esa ok;q dh xq.koÙkk

¥ i`Foh foKku ea=kky; dh ok;q xq.koÙkk

fuxjkuh laLFkk liQj ds eqrkfcd fnYyh

,ulhvkj esa ok;q dh xq.koÙkk cgqr •jkc

Js.kh esa cuh jgus dh vk'kadk gSA fnYyh esa

reke mik;ksa ds ckotwn ok;q dh xq.koÙkk

lq/j ugha jghA çnw"k.k de djus ds fy,

txg&txg ij ,aVh&LekWx xu ls ikuh

dk fNM+dko Hkh fd;k tk jgk gSA chrs

dbZ fnuksa ls çnw"k.k dh jksdFkke ds fy,



fnYyh&,ulhvkj esa txg&txg ,aVh&LekWx

xu ls ikuh dk fNM+dko fd;k tk jgk gS

gkykr tl ds rl gSaA

¥ i`Foh foKku ea=kky; dh ok;q ekud laLFkk

liQj ds vuqlkj] fnYyh ds iM+kslh jkT;ksa esa

djhc 3]225 ijkyh tykus dh ?kVuk,a ntZ

dh xbZA blls mRiUu gksus okys ikfVZdqysV

eSVj (ih,e) 2-5 dh çnw"k.k esa yxHkx 21

iQhlnh fgLlsnkjh jghA

fnYyh&,ulhvkj esa çnw"k.k ds dkjd

¥ 'khrdky esa ih,e 10 ds Lrj ij igqapus

ds dbZ dkj.k gSaA bl ekSle esa m|ksxksa ls

27 çfr'kr çnw"k.k mRiUu gksrk gS] tcfd

okguksa ls 24 çfr'kr çnw"k.k iQSyrk gSA blh

çdkj /wy ls 25 çfr'kr rFkk vkoklh;

{ks=kksa ls 9 çfr'kr çnw"k.k iQSyrk gSA

¥ iM+kslh jkT;ksa iatkc] gfj;k.kk vkSj mÙkj

çns'k esa iQly ds vo'ks"k ,oa pkoy ds

Hkwls tyk,a tkrs gSaA iatkc esa /ku dh

vDVwcj esa dVkbZ ds ckn fdlkuksa ds ikl

xsgwa dh cqvkbZ ds fy, egt nks lIrkg dk

le; cprk gSA ijkyh dks dVkus ij fdlku

dks le; vkSj iSls dk nksgjk uqdlku gksrk

gSA ,sls esa fdlku ds ikl /ku dh ijkyh

ds rRdky fuLrkj.k dk ,dek=k fodYi

bls tykuk gh cprk gSA

¥ egaxh Mhty xkfM+;ksa ls fudyus okyk

dkyk /qvka dks jk"Vªh; i;kZoj.k bathfu;fjax

vuqla/ku laLFkku (NEERI) us fnYyh ds

c

15 uoEcj&2020 N vad 03www.dhyeyaias.com


egRoiw.kZ czsu cwLVlZ7

ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (ih,vkbZ)&202001

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ csaxyq# ls lapkfyr xSj ykHkdkjh laxBu ifCyd viQs;j lsaVj (ih,lh) us gky gh esa viuh okf"kZd fjiksVZ ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (ih,vkbZ)& 2020 tkjh dh gSA

3- ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (ih,vkbZ)&2020 ls tqM+s egRoiw.kZ rF; ¾ ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (PAI) Hkkjr ds jkT;ksa dks ogk¡ ds lq'kklu ds vk/kj ij jSafdax çnku djus ds fy, ,d MsVk&lapkfyr eap gSA

¾ ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl esa lq'kklu dk vkdyu lrr fodkl ds lanHkZ esa rhu vk/kjks a lekurk] fodkl vkSj fujarjrk ds vk/kj ij fd;k x;kA

¾ ifCyd viQs;j lsaVj (ih,lh) }kjk tkjh ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (ih,vkbZ)&2020 ds vuqlkj cM+s jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa dsjy ns'k dk lcls lq'kkflr jkT; gS tcfd mÙkj çns'k lcls fupys ik;nku ij gSA

4- cM+s jkT;ksa dh jSafdax ¾ bl baMsDl ds vuqlkj lq'kklu ds lanHkZ esa cM+s jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa 'kh"kZ pkj jSadksa ij nf{k.kh jkT; dkfct gS&

( dsjy (1-388 vad)] ( rfeyukMq (0-912)] ( vka/z çns'k (0-531) ( dukZVd (0-468)

¾ ogha cM+s jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa uhps ds rhu jkT; gSa& ( mÙkj çns'k (&1-461)] ( vksfM'kk (&1-201) ( fcgkj (&1-158)

¾ NksVs jkT;ksa dh jSafdax ( NksVs jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa xksok dks 1-745 ih,vkbZ ds lkFk 'kh"kZ jSafdax feyh gSA blds ckn es?kky; (0-797)] vkSj fgekpy çns'k (0-725) dk LFkku gSA

( bl Js.kh esa lcls •jkc çn'kZu ef.kiqj (&0-363)] fnYyh (&0-289) vkSj mÙkjk•aM (&0-277) dk gSA ¾ dsaæ'kkflr çns'k

( ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl ds vuqlkj 1-05 vadksa ds lkFk paM+hx



de ukekadu okys fo|ky;ksa dk foy;02

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa tc egkekjh ds chp Ldwyksa dks fiQj ls •ksyus dk fopkj fd;k tk jgk gS] rc vksfM'kk ljdkj us de ukekadu okys 8]000 Ldwyksa ds foy; dks iwjk djus ds fy, 15 ftyksa dks uksfVl tkjh fd;k gSA

2- i`"BHkwfe ¾ ;g Ldwy vkSj ekl f'k{kk foHkkx }kjk ekpZ esa tkjh ,d uksfVl dk vuqlj.k gS] egkekjh vkSj rkykcanh ds dkj.k çfØ;k Bi gks xbZ FkhA

¾ ekpZ esa] jkT; ljdkj us de ukekadu okys 11]517 Ldwyksa ds foy; dh igy dh FkhA bu Ldwyksa esa 6]350 çkFkfed] mPp çkFkfed vkSj mPp fo|ky; 'kkfey Fks] ftuesa 20 ls de Nk=k vkSj 5]177 Ldwy gSa] ftuesa 40 ls de Nk=k gSaA

¾ gkfy;k uksfVl] gkykafd] dsoy mu Ldwyksa ds fy, foy; esa rsth ykus dk funZs'k nsrk gS ftuds ikl 20 ls de Nk=k gSaA igys ls lwphc¼ 6]350 Ldwyksa ds vykok] Ldwy vkSj ekl f'k{kk foHkkx us foy; ds fy, 20 ls de Nk=kksa okys 2]000 vkSj Ldwyksa dh igpku dh gSA

3- foy; dk fØ;kUo;u ¾ foy; dks NITI Aayog ds lLVsuscy ,D'ku iQkWj VªkaliQkWfeZax áweu dSfiVy bu ,tqds'ku (SATH-E) çkstsDV ds rgr fd;k tk jgk gS] vkSj bls Ldwyksa ds lesdu vkSj ;qfÙkQdj.k dh laKk nh xbZ gSA

¾ 2017 esa] vksfM'kk >kj•aM vkSj eè; çns'k ds lkFk&lkFk rhu jkT;ksa esa ls ,d Fkk] ftUgsa ,l,Vh,p&bZ ds rgr vius LokLF; vkSj f'k{kk {ks=kks a esa lq/kj ds fy, lgk;rk çnku djus ds

fy, ,uvkbZVhvkbZ;ksx }kjk pquk x;k FkkA

¾ bldk mís'; çkFkfed ,oa ekè;fed fo|ky; f'k{kk dks y{;&lapkfyr vH;kl ds ekè;e ls cnyuk vkSj f'k{kk ds fy;s jksy ekWMy jkT; cukuk gSA

¾ bl igy dk lekiu o"kZ 2020 ds 'kS{kf.kd o"kZ ds var esa gksxkA

¾ fo|ky;ksa dk foy; lkFk&bZ (SATH-E) ifj;kstuk ds y{;ksa dks çkIr djus ds fy;s fd;s x, mik;ksa esa ls ,d gS D;ksafd bl çfØ;k esa f'k{kdksa] iqLrdky;ksa] ç;ksx'kkykvksa vkSj •syus ds midj.k

tSls lesfdr lalk/uksa dh lgk;rk ds fy;s vf/Ñr fd;k tkrk gSA

4- fojks/ D;ksa \ ¾ jkT; Hkj ds ekrk&firk vkSj dk;ZdrkZvksa us bl dne dk fojks/ fd;k gSA dk;ZdrkZvksa us rdZ fn;k gS fd Ldwyksa dks can djuk ;k foy; djuk vkjVhbZ vf/fu;e dh /kjk 3 vkSj 8 dk mYya?ku gSA Ldwyksa esa ls vf/dka'k igkM+h bykdksa esa vkfnoklh csYV ls gSaA

¾ ,d xk¡o esa Ldwyksa dks can djus ls dsoy MªkWivkmV nj esa o`f¼ gksxh D;ksafd blesa Nk=kksa dks Ldwy tkus ds fy, nwj dh ;k=kk djuk laHko ugha gksxkA Ldwyksa dks can djus ls igys HkkSxksfyd ck/kvksa ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

¾ ekrk&firk bl ckr ls Hkh fpafrr gSa fd vxj muds cPps fo|ky; ugha tkrs gSa rks cPpksa dks feM&Ms ehy ls Hkh oafpr dj fn;k tk,xkA

5- foy; ds ckn nh tkus okyh lqfo/k ¾ foHkkx ds vf/dkfj;ksa ds vuqlkj] ftu Nk=kksa dks nwj ds Ldwy dh ;k=kk djuh gksxh] mUgsa 20 #i;s dk nSfud HkÙkk çnku fd;k tk,xk

¾ can gksus okys Ldwyksa ds Nk=kksa dks 3]000 #i;s dk ,deq'r lqfo/k HkÙkk çnku fd;k tk,xkA

¾ ;fn Ldwy ls nwjh 1 fdeh ls vf/d gS] rks Nk=kksa dks f'k{kk dk vf/dkj (vkjVhbZ) ekunaMksa ds vuqlkj ;k=kk HkÙkk çnku fd;k tk,xkA



eqcabZ rV ls dksjy dk gLrkarj.k03

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa eqacbZ uxj fuxe dks 12] 700 djksM+ #i;s dh eqqacbZ rVh; lM+d ifj;kstuk ds fy, izoky (Coral) dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij gLrkarfjr djus ds fy, ukxiqj ds eq[; ouj{kd ls eatwjh fey x;h gSA

¾ BMC dk y{; vxys eghus nks fnuksa esa 18 dksjy dkyksfu;ksa ds vuqokn dks iwjk djuk gSA

2- D;k gksrk gS çoky ¾ dksjy ;k çoky mFkys lkxj esa ik, tkrs gSa vkSj buds fodkl ds fy;s LoPN ,oa volknjfgr ty vko';d gS] D;ksafd volknksa ds dkj.k çokyksa dk eq• can gks tkrk gS vkSj os ej tkrs gSaA

¾ çoky ;k dksjYl iQksVksflaFksfVd 'kSoky ds lkFk ikjLifjd :i ls lkFk esa jgrs gSa] ftls twtSUFksyk dgk tkrk gSA

¾ dksjy (ewaxk) çoky fHkfÙk;ksa ds fy, ,d etcwr dSfY'k;e dkckZsusV lajpuk cukrs gSa vkSj twtSUFksyk ds fy, lqj{kk vkSj ,d ?kj çnku djrs gSaA blds cnys es twtSUFksyk ewaxk dks iks"kd rRo çnku djrs gSaA

¾ tc egklkxj dh lrg ,d lhek ls vf/d xje gks tkrh gS] rc dksjy twtSUFksyk dks ckgj fudky nsrk gS] ftlls çoky fojatu ;k dksjy Cyhfpax dh ?kVuk gksrh gSA

¾ vesfjdh oSKkfud ,tsalh] us'kuy vks'kfud ,aM ,VekWLiQsfjd ,MfefuLVªs'ku (,uvks,,) ds vuqlkj] çtkfr;ka ftl nj ls c



jk"Vªh; ekulwu fe'ku vkSj mPp fu"iknu dEI;wfVax fuos'k fjiksVZ04

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa dsaæh; foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k vkSj i`Foh foKku ea=kh MkW- g"kZo/Zu us ^ekulwu fe'ku vkSj mPp fu"iknu dEI;wfVax (,pihlh) lqfo/kvksa esa fuos'k ds vkfFkZd ykHk dk vuqeku* us'kuy dkmafly vkWiQ ,IykbM bdksukWfed fjlpZ (,ulh,bZvkj) dh fjiksVZ tkjh dhA

2- i`"BHkwfe ¾ i`Foh foKku ea=kky; us 'kks/ iQeZ us'kuy dkmafly vkWiQ ,IykbM bdksukWfed fjlpZ deh'ku (National Council of Applied Economic Research) dh vksj ls ;g vè;uu djk;k x;kA ,ulh,bZvkj ,d Lora=k] xSj ykHkdkjh vkfFkZd uhfr vuqla/ku fFkad VSad gS tks ubZ fnYyh esa fLFkr gSA

¾ ,ulh,bZvkj vè;;u 3]965 iQly fdlkuksa] 757 leqæh eNqvkjksa vkSj 1]376 i'kq/u ekfydksa lfgr 6]098 mÙkjnkrkvksa ds vkeus&lkeus ds loZs{k.k ij vk/kfjr gSA

3- fjiksVZ ds çeq• fcanq fuEu gSa ¾ bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj jk"Vªh; ekulwu fe'ku vkSj mPp&çn'kZu dEI;wfVax (,pihlh) lqfoèkkvksa esa Hkkjr ds yxHkx 1]000 djksM+ #i;s ds fuos'k ls ns'k ds xjhch js•k ls uhps jgus okys (chih,y) 1-07 djksM+ Ñ"kd ifjokjks a vkSj 53 yk• chih,y eNqvkjks a ds ifjokjks a dks yxHkx 50 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk ykHk feysxkA

¾ 2015 ls fdlkuksa vkSj eNqvkjks a dks ekSle dh Hkfo";ok.kh lsokvksa ds mi;ksx ls lkykuk yxHkx 19]000 djksM+ #i;s dk vkfFkZd ykHk gqvk gSA

¾ vf/dka'k fdlkuksa vkSj i'kq/u ekfydksa us ekSle laca/h ijke'kZ dk ldkjkRed çHkko iM+us dh iqf"V dhA

¾ bl fjiksVZ esa Ñf"k vkSj i'kq/u fdlkuksa ds fy, çfro"kZ yxHkx 13 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk vuqekfur vk; ykHk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

¾ blds vykok] vxys ikap o"kks ± esa yxHkx 48 gtkj djksM+ #i;s ds c



eSU;qiQSDpfjax ipZsftax eSustlZ baMsDl05

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ vkbZ,p,l ekfdZV eSU;qiQSDpfjax ih,evkbZ (IHS

Markit PMI) loZs ds vuqlkj

ns'k dh fofuekZ.k xfrfof/;ksa

(Manufacturing activities)

esa yxkrkj lq/kj gks jgk

gSA fcØh esa lq/kj ds chp

daifu;ksa ds mRiknu esa 13

lkyksa esa (vDVwcj] 2007 ds

ckn) lcls rst o`f¼ gqbZ gSA

2- çeq• fcUnq ¾ vkbZ,p,l ekfdZV bafM;k dk fofuekZ.k •jhn çca/d lwpdkad (Purchasing Managers' Index) vDVwcj esa c



fe'ku lkxj& II 06

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk tgkt ,sjkor us 02 uoacj 2020 dks iksVZ lwMku esa ços'k fd;kA Hkkjr

ljdkj çkÑfrd vkinkvksa vkSj dksfoM&19

egkekjh ls mcjus esa fe=k ns'kksa dks lgk;rk

çnku dj jgh gSA blh ds vuq:i] vkbZ,u,l

,sjkor lwMku ds yksxksa ds fy, 100 Vu

•k|kUu lgk;rk dh ,d •si ysdj x;h gSA

2- çeq• fcUnq ¾ fe'ku lkxj&II] ebZ&twu 2020 esa laiUu fd, x, çFke ̂ fe'ku lkxj* dk vuqlj.k djrk gSA çFke ^fe'ku lkxj* ds rgr Hkkjr us ekynho] ekWjh'kl] ls'ksYl]

esMkxkLdj vkSj dkseksjksl dks •k| lgk;rk vkSj nokb;ka çnku dh FkhaA

¾ fe'ku lkxj&II ds ,d vax ds :i esa] Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk tgkt ,sjkor lwMku] nf{k.k lwMku] ftcwrh vkSj bfjfVª;k dks •k|kUu lgk;rk igqapk,xkA

¾ fe'ku lkxj&II] ^lkxj* {ks=k esa lHkh ds fy, lqj{kk vkSj fodkl ds ç/kuea=kh ds n`f"Vdks.k ds vuq:i gSA ;g fe'ku Hkkjr }kjk vius leqæh iM+ksfl;ksa ds lkFk

laca/ksa ds egRo dks js•kafdr djrk gS vkSj ekStwnk ca/u dks vkSj vf/d etcwr

djrk gSA

¾ j{kk ,oa fons'k ea=kky; vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj dh vU; ,tsafl;ksa ds lkFk utnhdh leUo; LFkkfir djrs gq, Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk bl fe'ku dks vkxs ckSrs ds ekè;e ls tqykbZ 1982

esa vfLrRo esa vk;kA tuojh 1984 esa {ks=kh;

lg;ksx fodflr djus ds fy;s ,d lkekU;

le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd, x,A Úkal vkSj

dkseksjks }hi lewg tuojh 1986 esa bl

vk;ksx ds iw.kZ lnL; cusA

¾ fgUn egklkxj ns'kks a ds chp lHkh {ks=kks a esa] fo'ks"kdj vkfFkZd fodkl ds {ks=k esa]

{ks=kh; lg;ksx la?kfVr vkSj fodflr djuk

vkbZvkslh dk eq[; mís'; gSAgky gh esa]

Hkkjr dks nf{k.k&if'peh fgan egklkxj

esa leqæh 'kklu dk leUo; djus okys

varj&ljdkjh laxBu] fgan egklkxj vk;ksx

ds i;Zos{kd ds :i esa vuqeksfnr fd;k

x;k gSA



cka/ iquokZl vkSj lq/kj ifj;kstuk07

1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa dsaæh; eaf=keaMy us cka/ iquokZl vkSj lq/kj ifj;kstuk (MhvkjvkbZih) ds nwljs

o rhljs pj.k dks eatwjh ns nhA blds rgr

vkxkeh 10 o"kks± esa 19 jkT;ksa ds 736 cka/ksa

dh lqj{kk vkSj ifjpkyu dks csgrj cukus dk

dke fd;k tk,xkA

2- çeq• fcUnq ¾ bl ifj;kstuk ds nk;js esa 'kq#vkr esa 19 jkT; vkSj 3 dsaæh; ,tsafl;ka vk,axhA blds vfrfjÙkQ 10 o"kks ± dh dk;kZUo;u vof/ ds fy, 10]211 djksM+ #i;s dk

ctV ifjO;; r; fd;k x;k gSA

¾ ;g ;kstuk nks pj.kks a esa ykxw dh tk,xh] çR;sd pj.k 6 o"kZ dh vof/ ds gksaxs] buesa 2 o"kZ dk vksojySi gksxkA ;g dk;ZØe cka/ksa ds csgrj lapkyu ds fy,

çf'kf{kr vkSj dq'ky Je'kfÙkQ dh miyC/rk lqfuf'pr djus ds mís'; ls çeq•

cka/ksa ds iquokZl ds lkFk&lkFk cka/ lapkydksa dh {kerk fuekZ.k ds fy, /u

miyC/ djk,xkA

3- mís'; ¾ laifÙk çca/u vkSj lqj{kk ds fygkt ls cka/ cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSaA foyafcr j•j•ko vkSj nwljh budh ejEer tSls leL;kvksa ds dkj.k] ukdke gksus dh

fLFkfr esa bu cka/ksa ds lkFk tksf•e tqM+s gq, gSaA

¾ ekuo thou vkSj laifÙk ds uqdlku vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh dks uqdlku ds ekeys esa cka/ dh ukdkeh ds ifj.kke Hk;kog gks ldrs gSaA MhvkjvkbZih dk;ZØe ds

igys pj.k ls ç.kkyh O;kih çca/u n`f"Vdks.k ds tfj, laLFkkxr etcwrh ds

lkFk] pqfuank cka/ksa dh lqj{kk vkSj lapkyu çn'kZu esa lq/kj vk;kA bl pj.k esa

lkr jkT;ksa ds 223 cka/ 'kkfey FksA bl dk;ZØe us ns'k esa cka/ lqj{kk ds iwjs

rkSj rjhds dks etcwr fd;kA

¾ ;g ;kstuk fo'ks"k :i ls cka/ dh ukdkeh ds tksf•e dks de djus vkSj yksxks a] unh dh ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj bu pqfuank cka/ksa dh fupyh ty/kjk ds ikl fLFkr

laifÙk dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ij dsafær gSA lkFk gh blesa lajpukRed vkSj

xSj&lajpukRed mik;ksa tSls iquokZl] lapkyu vkSj j•j•ko eSuqvy dh rS;kjh]

vkikrdkyhu dk;Z ;kstuk] vyhZ okfuZax flLVe vkSj dbZ vU; mik;ksa ij Hkh

è;ku fn;k x;k gSA

¾ bu pqfuank cka/ksa ls tqM+h LokLF; vkSj lqj{kk fparkvksa ij è;ku nsus ls bu pqfuank tyk'k;ksa dh vk;q vkSj c



iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1. de ukekadu okys fo|ky;ksa ds foy; dks uhfr vk;ksx ds lLVsuscy ,D'ku iQkWj VªkaliQkfe±x áweu dSfiVy bu ,tqds'ku izkstsDV ds rgr fd;k tk jgk gSA

2. bl igy dk lekiu o"kZ 2021 ds 'kS{kf.kd o"kZ ds var esa gksxkA

3. bl igy ds rgr can gksus okys Ldwyksa ds Nk=kksa dks 3]000 #i;sa dk ,deq'r lqfo/k HkÙkk iznku fd;k tk,xkA

mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\

(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3

(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) mi;qZDr lHkh

mÙkj% (c)

de ukekadu okys fo|ky;ksa dk foy;02

ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl (ih,vkbZ)01


1- ifCyd viQs;j lsaVj Hkkjr esa lrr fodkl y{;ksa ij dsfUnzr dk;Zokfg;ksa ij vuqla/ku esa layXu laLFkk gSA

2- ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl ds vuqlkj lq'kklu ds lanHkZ esa cM+s jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa 'kh"kZ LFkku dsjy dks izkIr gqvk gSA

mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\

(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2

(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k% csaxyq# esa lapkfyr xSj ykHkdkjh laxBu ifCyd viQs;j lsaVj us gky gh esa viuh okf"kZd fjiksVZ ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl 2020 tkjh dh gSA ifCyd viQs;j lsaVj Hkkjr esa lrr fodkl y{;ksa ij dsfUnzr dk;Zokfg;ksa ij vuqla/ku esa layXu laLFkk gSA ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl ds vuqlkj lq'kklu ds lanHkZ esa cM+s jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa 'kh"kZ LFkku dsjy dks izkIr gqvk gSA bl rjg nksuksa dFku lgh gS] vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA

oLrqfu"B iz'u rFkk muds O;k[;k lfgr mÙkj

(czsu cwLVlZ ij vk/kfjr)7

eqcabZ rV ls dksjy dk gLrkarj.k03

O;k[;k% de ukekadu okys fo|ky;ksa ds foy; dks uhfr vk;ksx ds lLVsuscy ,D'ku iQkWj VªkWliQkfe±x áweu dSfiVy bu ,tqds'ku izkstsDV ds rgr fd;k tk jgk gSA bl igy dk lekiu o"kZ 2020 ds 'kS{kf.kd o"kZ ds var esa gksxkA bl igy ds rgr can gksus okys Ldwyksa ds Nk=kksa dks 3000 #i;s dk ,deq'r lqfo/k HkÙkk iznku fd;k tk,xkA bl rjg dFku 2 xyr gS] vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA

iz- dksjy ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1. dksjy ;k izoky mFkys lkxj esa ik;s tkrs gSaA

2. tc egklkxj dh lrg ,d lhek ls vf/d xeZ gks tkrh gS] rc dksjy U;wtSUFksyk dks ckgj fudky nsrk gS] ftlls izoky fojatu ;k dksjy Cyhfpax dh ?kVuk gksrh gSA

mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\


(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k% dksjy ;k izoky mFkys lkxj esa ik;s tkrs gSaA tc egklkxj dh lrg ,d lhek ls vf/d xeZ gks tkrh gS] rc dksjy U;wtSUFksyk dks ckgj fudky nsrk gS] ftlls izoky fojatu ;k dksjy Cyhfpax dh ?kVuk gksrh gSA bl rjg nksuksa dFku lgh gS] vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA

jk"Vªh; ekulwu fe'ku vkSj mPp fu"iknu dEI;wfVax fuos'k fjiksVZ

04


1. bl fjiksVZ esa Ñf"k vkSj i'kq/u fdlkuksa ds fy, izfro"kZ yxHkx 13 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk vuqekfur vk; ykHk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

2. o"kZ 2012 esa i`Foh foKku ea=kky; us jk"Vªh; ekulwu fe'ku ykWUp fd;k FkkA

3- bldk mís'; y?kq] eè;e vkSj yach nwjh ds iwokZuqekuksa ds fy, ,d vfr vk/qfud xfr'khy ekulwu Hkfo";ok.kh iz.kkyh fodflr djuk FkkA




1. ipsZftax eSustlZ baMsDl (ih,evkbZ) dk eq[; mís'; bdksukWeh ds ckjs esa iq"V tkudkjh dks vkf/dkfjd vkadM+ksa ls Hkh igys miyC/ djkuk gSA

2. ih,evkbZ dh 'kCnkoyh esa baMsDl ds 100 ls Åij jgus dk eryc ;g gksrk gS fd lacaf/r m|ksx esa fodkl gqvk gSA

3- ipsZftax eSustlZ baMsDl (ih,evkbZ) eSU;qiQSDpfjax lsDVj dh vkfFkZd lsgr dks ekius dk ,d ladsrd gSA




mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k% ipsZftax eSustlZ baMsDl (ih,evkbZ) dk eq[; mís'; bdksukWeh ds ckjs esa iq"V tkudkjh dks vkf/dkfjd vkadM+ksa ls Hkh igys miyC/ djkuk gSA ipsZftax eSustlZ baMsDl (ih,evkbZ) eSU;qiQSDpfjax lsDVj dh vkfFkZd lsgr dks ekius dk ,d ladsrd gSA ih,evkbZ dh 'kCnkoyh esa baMsDlu ds 50 (u fd 100)ls Åij jgus dk eryc ;g gksrk gS fd lacaf/r m|ksx esa fodkl gqvk gSA bl rjg dFku 2 xyr gS] vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA

fe'ku lkxj& II06

eSU;qiQSDpfjax ipZsftax eSustlZ baMsDl

05

cka/ iquokZl vkSj lq/kj ifj;kstuk07


1- cka/ iquokZl vkSj lq/kj ifj;kstuk ds izR;sd pj.k 6 o"kZ dh

vof/ ds gksaxsA

2- ;g ifj;kstuk fo'ks"k :i ls cka/ dh ukdkeh ds tksf[ke dks

de djus vkSj unh dh ikfjfLFkfrdh dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus

ij dsfUnzr gSA

3- Hkkjrh; cka/ vkSj tyk'k; lkykuk yxHkx 3000 vjc D;wfcd

ehVj ikuh dk HkaMkj.k djrs gSaA




mÙkj% (d)

O;k[;k% cka/ iquokZl vkSj lq/kj ifj;kstuk ds izR;sd pj.k 6 o"kZ

dh vof/ ds gksaxsA ;g ifj;kstuk fo'ks"k :i ls cka/ dh ukdkeh ds

tksf[ke dks de djus vkSj unh dh ikfjfLFkfrdh dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr

djus ij dsfUnzr gSA Hkkjrh; cka/ vkSj tyk'k; lkykuk yxHkx 3000

vjc D;wfcd ehVj ikuh dk HkaMkj.k djrs gSaA bl rjg rhuksa dFku lgh

gSa] vr% mÙkj (d) gksxkA

lll

lll




mÙkj% (d)

O;k[;k% bl fjiksVZ esa Ñf"k vkSj i'kq/u fdlkuksa ds fy, izfro"kZ yxHkx 13 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk vuqekfur vk; ykHk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2012 esa i`Foh foKku ea=kky; us jk"Vªh; ekulwu fe'ku ykWUp fd;k FkkA bldk mís'; y?kq] eè;e vkSj yach nwjh ds iwokZuqekuksa ds fy, ,d vfr vk/qfud xfr'khy ekulwu Hkfo";ok.kh iz.kkyh fodflr djuk FkkA bl rjg rhuksa dFku lgh gSaA vr% mÙkj (d) gksxkA

2. fgUn egklkxj vk;ksx fgUn egklkxjh; ns'kksa esMkxkLdj]

ekWjh'kl vkSj lks'ksYl ds eè; gq, ,d le>kSrs ds ekè;e ls

tqykbZ 1982 esa vfLrRo esa vk;kA



(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) bueas ls dksbZ ugha

mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k% o"kZ 2015 esa Hkkjr dh lkxj ;kstuk (flD;ksfjVh ,saM xzksFk

vkWiQ vkWy bu n jhtu&SAGAR) dks ls'ksYl esa ykWUp fd;k FkkA fgUn

egklkxj vk;ksx fgUn egklkxjh; ns'kksa esMkxkLdj] ekWjh'kl vkSj lks'ksYl

ds eè; gq, ,d le>kSrs ds ekè;e ls tqykbZ 1982 esa vfLrRo esa vk;kA

bl rjg nksuksa dFku lgh gS] vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA

iz- fe'ku lkxj&II ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1. o"kZ 2015 esa Hkkjr dh lkxj ;kstuk (flD;ksfjVh ,saM xzksFk vkWiQ vkWy bu n jhtu&SAGAR) dks ls'ksYl esa ykWUp fd;k FkkA



,aVh lSVsykbV felkby01

ppkZ esa D;ksa

¥ gky gh esa j{kk ea=kh Jh jktukFk flag us

MhvkjMhvks Hkou ds ifjlj esa LFkkfir ,aVh

lSVsykbV (,&lSV) felkby ds ekWMy dk

vukoj.k fd;kA

,aVh&lSVsykbV felkby

¥ ,aVh&lSVsykbV (A-SAT) felkby ,d ,slk

gfFk;kj gksrk gS tks fdlh Hkh ns'k ds

lkefjd o lSU; mís';ksa ds fy, mixzgksa dks

fuf"Ø; djus ;k u"V djus ds fy, fMtkbu

fd;k tkrk gSA

¥ vkt rd fdlh Hkh ;q¼ esa bl rjg ds

gfFk;kjksa dk mi;ksx ugha fd;k x;k gSA

ysfdu] dbZ ns'k varfj{k esa viuh {kerkvksa

dk çn'kZu vkSj vius varfj{k dk;ZØe dks

fuckZ/ xfr ls tkjh j•us ds fy, bl rjg

dh felkby flLVe dks t:jh ekurs gSaA

¥ Hkkjr esa bl felkby dk fodkl MhvkjMhvks

vkSj bljks us feydj fd;k gSA

¥ ,aVh&lSVsykbV felkby flLVe] vfXu

felkby vkSj ,MokaLM ,;j fMiQsal flLVe

dk feJ.k gSA

¥ ;g baVjlsIVj felkby nks lkWfyM jkWdsV cwLVjksa lfgr rhu pj.kksa okyh felkbyksa ç.kkyh ls ySl gSA

fe'ku 'kfÙkQ

¥ fe'ku 'kfÙkQ Hkkjr dk igyk ,aVh&lSVsykbV (,&lSV) felkby VsLV Fkk] ftldk 27

ekpZ] 2019 dks mM+hlk ds MkW-

,ih-ts vCnqy dyke }hi ls

liQyrkiwoZd lapkyu fd;k

x;k FkkA

¥ ;gka fuEu&Hkw&d{kk (LEO) esa

,d rsth ls ifjØek dj jgs

y{; Hkkjrh; mixzg dks fcuk

fdlh pwd ds lVhdrk ds

lkFk fuf"Ø; fd;k x;k FkkA

¥ ;g ,d dkiQh tfVy fe'ku

Fkk] ftls mYys•uh; lVhdrk

ds lkFk vR;ar mPp xfr ij lapkfyr fd;k

x;k FkkA

¥ ^fe'ku 'kfÙkQ* dh liQyrk us Hkkjr dks iwjh

nqfu;k esa ,slk pkSFkk ns'k cuk fn;k] tks cká

varfj{k esa viuh laifÙk;ksa dh j{kk djus

esa leFkZ gSA

¥ ,aVh&lSVsykbV felkby {kerk okys vU; rhu

ns'k phu] vesfjdk vkSj :l gSaA

egRoiw.kZ [kcjsa7

dsaæh; lwpuk vk;ksx vkSj Cyw LVkj vkWijs'ku02

ppkZ esa D;ksa

¥ gky gh esa dsaæh; lwpuk vk;ksx (lhvkbZlh)

us 1984 esa iatkc ds Lo.kZ eafnj esa Cyw

LVkj vkWijs'ku ds nkSjku dsaæh; ,tsafl;ksa

}kjk tCr fd, x, nLrkostksa vkSj dherh

lkexzh dh lwph nsus ls dsaæ ljdkj ds

budkj dks lgh Bgjk;k gSA

ifjp;

¥ lwpuk dk vf/dkj (Right to Information-

RTI) vf/fu;e] 2005 ds rgr ,d

vkjVhvkbZ dk;ZdrkZ us Hkkjr ljdkj ds x`g

ea=kky; ls mu lHkh oLrqvksa dh lwph vkSj

mudh orZeku fLFkfr ds ckjs esa tkudkjh

ekaxh Fkh] tks 1984 esa iatkc ds Lo.kZ eafnj

esa Cyw LVkj vkWijs'ku dh dkjZokbZ ds nkSjku dsaæh; ,tsafl;ksa }kjk tCr dh xbZ FkhA

¥ blds vfrfjÙkQ] vkjVhvkbZ vkosnudrkZ us Cyw LVkj vkWijs'ku ls lacaf/r lHkh nLrkostksa vkSj bl dkjZokbZ ds nkSjku ekjs x, yksxksa dh lwph dh Hkh ekax dh FkhA

x`g ea=kky; dk tokc

¥ Hkkjr ljdkj ds x`g ea=kky; us tCr dh



xbZ oLrqvksa dh foLr`r lwph vkSj fooj.k dks nsus ls budkj dj fn;kA x`g ea=kky; us lwpuk dk vf/dkj vf/fu;e dh /kjk 8] 1(,) dk gokyk nsrs gq, tkudkjh nsus ls euk dj fn;kA

¥ xkSjryc gS fd mÙkQ /kjk ds rgr Hkkjr dh laçHkqrk vkSj v•aMrk] jkT; dh lqj{kk] j.kuhfrd] oSKkfud ;k vkfFkZd fgr] vijk/ dks c



¥ MªkÝV bZ,l, ds varxZr 'kkfey {ks=k esa lHkh çdkj dh •uu xfrfof/;ksa] FkeZy ikoj IykaV vkSj vR;f/d çnw"k.kdkjh m|ksxksa dks vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA

¥ ekStwnk •kuksa dks vafre vf/lwpuk tkjh djus ;k ekStwnk •uu iêðs dh lekfIr ij] tks Hkh igys gks] ls ikap lky ds Hkhrj pj.kc¼ rjhds ls can fd;k tk,xkA

¥ lHkh u, jsM Js.kh ds m|ksxksa vkSj ,sls ekStwnk m|ksxksa ds foLrkj ij çfrca/ yxk fn;k tk,xkA

¥ vU; çdkj dh ifj;kstuk,¡ vkSj xfrfof/;k¡] tSls tyfo|qr la;a=kksa dk lapkyu] vkSj bZ,l, ds varxZr vkus okys ukjaxh *Js.kh ds m|ksxksa dks l[rh ls fofu;fer fd;k tk,xkA

¥ 20]000 oxZ ehVj vkSj mlls vf/d ds fufeZr {ks=k ds lkFk Hkou vkSj fuekZ.k dh ubZ foLrkj ifj;kstuk,a Hkh fuf"k¼ gksaxhA

if'peh ?kkV ikfjfLFkfrdh fo'ks"kK lfefr

¥ i;kZoj.k ea=kky; us 2010 esa ek/o xkMfxy dh vè;{krk esa ,d if'peh ?kkV ikfjfLFkfrdh fo'ks"kK lfefr (MCY;wthbZbZih) dk xBu fd;k FkkA

¥ bl lfefr dk mís'; if'peh ?kkV ds laj{k.k ds fy;s j.kuhfr cukuk vkSj muds LFkkf;Ro ds igyw ij T;knk tksj nsuk FkkA

¥ lfefr us 2011 esa viuh fjiksVZ nh FkhA ftlesa if'peh ?kkV lhek ds 142 rkyqdksa dks rhu ikfjfLFkfrd :i ls laosnu'khy {ks=kksa (bZ,ltsM) esa oxhZÑr fd;k x;k FkkA

¥ bl lfefr us fliQkfj'k ds vuqlkj ikfjfLFkfrd :i ls laosnu'khy {ks=k 1 esa

cM+s iSekus ij HkaMkj {kerk okys fdlh u,

cka/ dh vuqefr ugha gSA

¥ xksok ds fy,] lfefr us bZ,ltsM 1 vkSj 2

esa •uu ds fy, ubZ i;kZoj.kh; eatwjh ij

vfuf'prdkyhu LFkxu dk lq>ko fn;k FkkA

¥ bZ,ltsM 1 vkSj 2 esa dks;yk vkèkkfjr

fctyh la;a=kksa lfgr fdlh Hkh u,

çnw"k.kdkjh m|ksxksa dks vuqefr ij çfrca/

yxk;k x;kA

¥ ekStwnk yky vkSj ukjaxh Js.kh ds m|ksxksa dks

2016 rd çnw"k.k dks 'kwU; Lrj ij ykus ds

fy, dgk x;kA

if'peh ?kkV (Western Ghats)

¥ if'peh ?kkV Hkkjr ds 6 jkT;ksa (;Fkk&

rfeyukMq] dukZVd] dsjy] xksok] egkjk"Vª

vkSj xqtjkr) esa rkIrh unh ls ysdj

dU;kdqekjh rd iQSyk gSA

¥ if'peh ?kkV esa nf{k.k&if'pe ekulwu ls

Hkkjh o"kkZ gksrh gSA blfy, ;g Hkkjr ds

o"kZ.k çpqj {ks=kksa esa ls ,d gS vkSj ;gk¡

dkiQh vf/d tSo fofo/rk ik;h tkrh gSA

¥ Hkkjr ds çk;}hi dh tyok;q dks if'peh

?kkV egÙoiw.kZ :i ls çHkkfor djrk gSA

¥ çk;}hih; Hkkjr dk yxHkx laiw.kZ viokg

ra=k if'peh ?kkV ls gh fu;af=kr gksrk gS]

D;ksafd ;gk¡ dh vf/dka'k ufn;ksa dk mn~xe

LFky if'peh ?kkV gh gSA

¥ if'peh ?kkV] iwohZ ?kkV dh vis{kkÑr

vf/d Åaps gSa] blfy, ;s ekulwuh gokvksa

esa vojks/ mRiUu dj o"kkZ djkrs gSaA

¥ if'peh ?kkV ds laj{k.k dks ysdj xkMfxy

vkSj dLrwjhjaxu lfefr (Gadgil and

Kasturirangan Committee) dk xBu fd;k

x;k FkkA ftlus bls rhu i;kZoj.k laosnu'khy

tksu (Ecologically Sensitive Zones- ESZ) esa

ckaVus dk lq>ko fn;k FkkA

¥ blds vfrfjÙkQ lfefr dk vU; çeq• lq>ko

Fkk fd i;kZoj.k laj{k.k vf/fu;e] 1986

ds rgr if'peh ?kkV ikfjfLFkdh çkf/dj.k

(Western Ghats Ecology Authority- WGEA)

dk xBu fd;k tk;sA

¥ Hkkjr esa if'peh ?kkV] tSo fofo/rk dk

,d le`¼ gkWVLikWV gSA ;gk¡ dbZ jk"Vªh;

m|ku vkSj oU;tho vHk;kj.; vofLFkr

gSA

iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (Fast Radio Burst &FRB)04

ppkZ esa D;ksa

¥ uklk (NASA) us vius ,d vè;;u esa crk;k gS fd feYdh os (Milky Way) xSysDlh (galaxy) esa mlus gky gh esa ,Dl&js vkSj jsfM;ks ladsrksa (X-ray and radio signals) dk

feJ.k ns•k gS] tks feYdh os (Milky Way)

esa igys dHkh ugha ns•k x;k FkkA

çeq• fcUnq

¥ gky gh esa uspj (Nature) uked tuZy

journal) esa iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (Fast Radio Burst -FRB) ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa dbZ 'kksèk&i=k çdkf'kr gq, gSaA

¥ bu 'kks/ i=kksa esa crk;k x;k gS fd uklk (NASA) us vius ,d vè;;u esa feYdh os



(Milky Way) xSysDlh (galaxy) esa gky gh esa ,Dl&js vkSj jsfM;ks ladsrksa (X-ray and radio signals) dk feJ.k ns•k gSA

¥ ,Dl&js vkSj jsfM;ks ladsrksa dk ,slk feJ.k feYdh os (Milky Way) xSysDlh (galaxy) esa igys dHkh ugha ns•k x;k FkkA

¥ blds vfrfjÙkQ] uklk (NASA) us vius vè;;u esa ;g Hkh ik;k fd bl nkSjku mRiUu gq, Ýys;j&vi (flare-up) esa feYdh os (Milky Way) xSysDlh (galaxy) esa igys gh ns•h x;h iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (Fast Radio Burst -FRB) ?kVuk Hkh 'kkfey FkhA

¥ feYdh os (Milky Way) esa ,Dl&js (X-ray) ds cLVZ (burst) dh ?kVuk dk irk dbZ mixzgksa vkSj fe'kuksa }kjk yxkbZ xbZ gSA blesa uklk dk foaM fe'ku (Wind mission)] dukfM;u gkbMªkstu baVsaflVh eSfiax ,DlisfjesaV (Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Eñperiment -CHIME)] vkfn 'kkfey gSaA

¥ blds vfrfjÙkQ] uklk ds ^loZs iQkj Vªkafl,aV ,LVªksukfedy jsfM;ks ,fe'ku 2* Survey for Transient Astronomical Radio

Emission 2 (STARE2) ds }kjk Hkh ,Dl&js ds cLVZ dh ?kVuk dh iqf"V dh xbZ gSA

iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (Fast Radio Burst -FRB)

¥ feYdh os xSysDlh esa lcls igyh ckj iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (FRB) dh ?kVuk dk irk 2007 esa yxk FkkA

¥ iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (FRB) dh ?kVuk esa ,Dl&js (X-ray) dk cLVZ (burst) dkiQh de le; ds fy, gksrk gS vkSj cgqr rsth ls gksrk gSA ;g cLVZ (burst) cgqr gh czkbV (bright) gksrk gSA

¥ iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (FRB) dh ?kVuk dh vof/ cgqr de (feyhlsdaM&Ldsy) esa gksrh gS] ftlds dkj.k bldk irk yxkuk vkSj vUrfj{k esa bldh fLFkfr fu/kZfjr djuk eqf'dy gSA

¥ o"kZ 2007 esa tc ls oSKkfudksa dks iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ dh ?kVuk ds ckjs esa irk pyk gS] rc ls os blds ewy lzksr dks •kstus dh fn'kk esa dke dj jgs gSaA

¥ vUrfj{k esa ,Dl&js (X-ray) •xksyh; fiaMksa }kjk mRiUu dh tkrh gSaA tc •xksyh; fiaM ds pqacdh; {ks=k (magnetic field) esa ifjorZu gksrk gS] rks ,Dl&js (X-ray) mRiUu gksrh gSaA

,lthvkj 1395 esa ,iQvkjch

¥ vçSy] 2020 esa feYdh os esa iQkLV jsfM;ks cLVZ (FRB) ds ,d cgqr 'kfÙkQ'kkyh lzksr dk irk pyk FkkA

¥ ;g 'kfÙkQ'kkyh lzksr ^,lthvkj 1935* ;k ^,lthvkj 1935 $ 2154* ¹SGR 1935 or SGR 1935$2154º uked 'kfÙkQ'kkyh pqacdh; U;wVªkWu rkjk (powerful magnetic neutron) gS] ftls eSxusVj (magnetar) ds :i esa lanfHkZr fd;k tkrk gSA

¥ ;g rkjk oYisdqyk u{k=k (Vulpecula constellation) esa fLFkr gSA

eSxusVj (magnetar)

¥ eSxusVj (magnetar)] ,sls U;wVªkWu rkjs gksrs gSa ftudk pqacdh; {ks=k dkiQh o`gn o 'kfÙkQ'kkyh gksrk gSA

¥ ;s lw;Z dh rqyuk esa dkiQh cM+s rkjs gksrs gSaA

¥ U;wVªkWu rkjs rc curs gSa tc dksbZ fo'kky rkjk (massive star) viuh vafre voLFkk esa gksrk gS vkSj og VwV (collapse) tkrk gSA

¥ U;wVªkWu rkjs rc curs gSa tc fdlh fo'kky rkjs dk dksj xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds iru ls xqtjrk gS tc og vius thou ds var rd igq¡prk gSA

¥ njvly fdlh rkjs esa nks çdkj ds cy dk;Z djrs gSaA çFke] rkjs dk xq#Roh; cy rFkk f}rh; rkjs ds bZa/u (gkbMªkstu rFkk ghfy;e) ls mRiUu gksus okyk jsfM;ks,fDVo cyA

¥ ;fn rkjs dk bZa/u lekIr gks tkrk gS rks vUnj dk jsfM;ks,fDVo foLiQksV] ckgj ls nckus okys xq#Rokd"kZ.k cy dks larqfyr ugha dj ikrk gSA

¥ vr% {k.k Hkj ds vUnj rkjk fldqM+ dj cgqr NksVk gks tkrk gS ijUrq bl vpkud vkSj rhoz laihMu ds dkj.k vUnj dk rkieku vjcksa fMxzh gks tkrk gSA blds dkj.k rkjk esa ,d foLe;dkjh foLiQksV vFkkZr lqijuksok foLiQksV gks tkrk gSA

¥ blls rkjs ds ckgjh rRo fc•j tkrs gSa tcfd dsaæ xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds pyrs vkSj Hkh fldqM+rk tkrk gSA foLiQksV ds ckn tks inkFkZ cprk gS og /hjs&/hjs fleVuk 'kq: gksrk gS vkSj cgqr gh ?kus fiaM dk :i ys ysrk gS ftls U;wVªkWu LVkj dgrs gSaA vxj U;wVªkWu LVkj cgqr fo'kky gS rks xq#Rokd"kZ.k dk ncko bruk gksxk fd og vius gh cks> ls fleVrk pyk tk,xk vkSj bruk ?kuk gks tk,xk fd os ,d CySd gksy cu tk,xkA

feYdh os (Milky Way)

¥ feYdh os (Milky Way)] ml vkdk'kxaxk (xSysDlh) dk uke gS ftlesa gekjk lkSje.My fLFkr gSA

¥ feYdh os (Milky Way) dk vkdkj lfiZykdkj (Likbjy) gSA



Hkkjr ds dslj dk iwokZsÙkj rd foLrkj05

ppkZ esa D;ksa

¥ iwokZsÙkj {ks=k esa dslj mxkus dh O;ogk;Zrk

dk irk yxkus ds fy, mÙkj iwohZ çkS|ksfxdh

vuqç;ksx ,oa çlkj dsaæ (NECTAR) }kjk

ik;yV ifj;kstuk 'kq: dh x;h gSA

D;k gS ik;yV ifj;kstuk

¥ mÙkj iwohZ çkS|ksfxdh vuqç;ksx ,oa çlkj

dsaæ (NECTAR) }kjk flfDde lsaVªy

;wfuoflZVh ds ckWVuh vkSj gkWfVZdYpj

foHkkx ds bl dk;Z esa xq.koÙkk vkSj mPprj

çek=kk ds lkFk] iwokZsÙkj {ks=k esa dslj mxkus

dh O;ogk;Zrk dk irk yxkus ds fy, ,d

ik;yV ifj;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ gSA

¥ flfDde dsaæh; fo'ofo|ky; ds ckWVuh

vkSj gkWfVZdYpj foHkkx us flfDde ds

;kax;kax dh feêðh vkSj mlds okLrfod

ih,p fLFkfr;ksa dks le>us ds fy, ijh{k.k

fd,A

¥ bl ijh{k.k esa ;gka dh feêðh esa d'ehj

dh dslj mxkus okyh feêðh ds gh leku

xq.k ik;s x, gSaA

¥ ftlds vk/kj ckj foHkkx us d'ehj ds

,d dslj mRiknd vkSj cht@dkWeZ ykdj

;kax;kax esa mls dslj mRiknd ds fy,

fu;ksftr fd;k x;k gSA

Hkkjr esa dslj dh •srh

¥ dslj dk mRiknu yacs le; ls dsUæ

'kkflr çns'k tEew ,oa d'ehj esa ,d

lhfer HkkSxksfyd {ks=k esa fd;k tkrk gSA

¥ Hkkjr esa iaiksj {ks=k dks vkerkSj ij d'ehj

ds dslj ds dVksjs ds :i esa tkuk tkrk

gSA bldk dslj ds mRiknu esa eq[;

;ksxnku gSA

¥ blds ckn cMxke] Jhuxj vkSj fd'rokM+

ftyksa dk LFkku gSA

¥ dslj ikjaifjd :i ls çfl¼ d'ehjh

O;atuksa ds lkFk tqM+k gqvk gSA blds

vkS"k/h; xq.kksa dks d'ehj dh le`¼

lkaLÑfrd fojklr dk fgLlk ekuk tkrk

gSA

jk"Vªh; dslj fe'ku

¥ o"kZ 2010&2011 esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk

411 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls jk"Vªh;

dslj fe'ku ifj;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dh

xbZ FkhA

¥ jk"Vªh; dslj fe'ku dks jk"Vªh; Ñf"k

fodkl ;kstuk ds varxZr ,d mi;kstuk

ds :i esa dslj ds mRiknu esa o`f¼ djus

ds mís'; ls ykap fd;k x;k FkkA

¥ blds rgr 3]715 gsDVs;j dslj dh

D;kfj;ksa ds th.kks¼kj dk çLrko fd;k

x;k FkkA

¥ fe'ku ds rgr iaiksj ds Mwlw {ks=k esa bafM;k

baVjus'kuy dslj VªsM lsaVj (dslj ikdZ)

uke ls ,d O;kikj dsaæ cuk;k x;k gSA

bl dsaæ ij] fdlkuksa dks iQly dh dVkbZ

pqukbZ ds ckn ds dke ds fy, mPp

rduhd dh lqfo/k,a feysaxhA

¥ blesa dslj dks lw•kus] NkaVus] iSfdax]

oxhZdj.k vkSj xq.koÙkk ijh{k.k bR;kfn dh

lqfo/k;sa gksaxhA

¥ blds vykok bl dsaæ esa dslj dh

bZ&uhykeh ds ekè;e ls dslj ds foi.ku

dh lqfo/k Hkh miyC/ djkbZ tk jgh gSA

mÙkj iwohZ çkS|ksfxdh vuqç;ksx ,oa çlkj dsaæ (NECTAR)

¥ mÙkj iwohZ çkS|ksfxdh vuqç;ksx ,oa çlkj

dsaæ (NECTAR) foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh

foHkkx] Hkkjr ljdkj ds rgr ,d Lok;Ùk

fudk; gSA

¥ bldk eq[;ky; es?kky; dh jkt/kuh

f'kykax esa fLFkr gSA

¥ ;g tSo fofo/rk dh fparkvksa] ty

çca/u] VsyhesfMflu] ckxokuh] cqfu;knh



ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u06

ppkZ esa D;ksa

¥ gky gh esa isVªksfy;e vkSj çkÑfrd xSl ea=kky; ds iwoZ lfpo MkW-,e-,e- dqêðh dks jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj vkl&ikl ds {ks=kksa esa ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u ds fy, u, LFkkfir vk;ksx dk iw.kZdkfyd vè;{k fu;qÙkQ fd;k x;k gSA

çeq• fcUnq

¥ eaf=keaMy dh fu;qfÙkQ lfefr (Appointments Committee of the Cabinet) us jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k ,oa blds vkl&ikl {ks=kksa es ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u ls lacfU/r vk;ksx ds iw.kZdkfyd vè;{k ,oa lnL;ksa dh fu;qfÙkQ dh gSA

¥ i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; us viuh ,d foKfIr esa ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u gsrq LFkkfir u, vk;ksx ds lnL;ksa dh fu;qfÙkQ ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nh gSA bl vk;ksx esa xSj ljdkjh laxBu ds çfrfufèkRo gsrq dqN lnL;ksa dh Hkh fu;qfÙkQ dh x;h gSA

¥ gky gh esa i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kh us dgk fd dsaæ ljdkj ok;q çnw"k.k dks de djus ds fy, gj ekspZs ij yxkrkj dke dj jgh gSA

¥ i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kh us dgk fd ns'k ds mÙkjh Hkkxksa] fo'ks"kdj jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh fnYyh] esa ok;q çnw"k.k dks de djus gsrq ljdkj lzksr ds Lrj(;Fkk& FkeZy ikoj IykaV] okgu çnw"k.k] Hkou fuekZ.k] Ñf"k vif'k"V tykuk vkfn) ij gh dkjZokbZ dj jgh gSA

ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u vk;ksx

¥ dqN fnu igys jk"Vªifr us fnYyh&,ulhvkj esa ok;q çnw"k.k ladV ls fuiVus gsrq ¶jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj vklikl ds {ks=kksa esa ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u ds fy, vk;ksx vè;kns'k] 2020¸ dks eatwjh nh FkhA blds rgr 18 lnL;h; (,d vè;{k vkSj 17 lnL;)

ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dk

çko/ku fd;k x;k gSA

¥ ¶jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj vklikl ds

{ks=kksa esa ok;q xq.koÙkk çca/u ds fy, vk;ksx

vè;kns'k] 2020¸ ds vuqlkj] ok;q xq.koÙkk

çca/u gsrq fufeZr ;g u;k vk;ksx i;kZoj.k

çnw"k.k jksdFkke vkSj fu;a=k.k çkf/dj.k

(EPCA) dk LFkku ysxk] ftls lqçhe dksVZ us

ns'k esa çnw"k.k ds ekeyksa esa lokZsPp fuxjkuh

fudk; ds :i esa xfBr fd;k FkkA

¥ vk;ksx ok;q xq.koÙkk lwpdkad ds csgrj

rkyesy] vuqla/ku] igpku vkSj ok;q

xq.koÙkk ls lacaf/r leL;kvksa ds lek/ku

ds fy, dke djsxkA

¥ ;g vk;ksx fnYyh ,ulhvkj vkSj vkl&ikl

ds {ks=kksa esa ok;q çnw"k.k ds çca/u esa

varjjkT;h; lg;ksx rFkk tu Hkkxhnkjh dks

lqpk: cukus ds fy, cuk;h xbZ vU; lHkh

lfefr;ksa dk Hkh LFkku ysxkA

vk;ksx ds dk;Z

¥ vk;ksx ds ikl jk"Vªh; jkt/kuh {ks=k vkSj

vklikl ds bykdksa esa ok;q xq.koÙkk ds

laj{k.k vkSj blesa lq/kj ds fy, lHkh mik;

djus] funZs'k nsus vkSj f'kdk;rksa ij dkjZokbZ

djus dk vf/dkj gksxkA

¥ vk;ksx i;kZoj.k esa fofHkUu lzksrksa ls çnw"kd

rRoksa ds mRltZu ds ekud Hkh rS;kj djsxkA

¥ çnw"k.k ladV ij vadq'k yxkus ds fy,

blds }kjk fu/kZfjr funZs'kksa dk mYya?ku

djus okyksa ij dkjZokbZ djus ds fy, vk;ksx

dks dk;Zdkjh vf/dkj fn, x, gSaA

naM ds çko/ku

¥ fdlh çnw"k.kdkjh LFky ij dk;Zokgh ds

nkSjku ck/k mRiUu djus ij vk;ksx dks

vkijkf/d çfØ;k lafgrk 1973 dh èkkjk

94 ds rgr LFky dks can djus ;k •kstchu

djus ds lanHkZ esa okjaV tkjh djus dh 'kfÙkQ

Hkh nh x;h gSA

¥ vk;ksx ds vkns'kksa dk ikyu u djus ij

tqekZus ds lkFk 5 lky rd dh dSn dh

ltk gks ldrh gS vkSj tqekZus dh jde dks

1 djksM+ ;k mlls vf/d Hkh fd;k tk

ldrk gSA

¥ vè;kns'k ds rgr vijk/ xSj&laKs; gksxk vkSj

;g jk"Vªh; gfjr U;k;kf/dj.k (,uthVh) esa

jk"Vªh; gfjr U;k;kf/dj.k vf/fu;e ds rgr

lquokbZ ;ksX; gksxkA



ppkZ esa D;ksa

¥ gky gh esa Hkkjr ds egkjk"Vª dh yksukj

>hy vkSj vkxjk ds lqj ljksoj dks jkelj

dUosa'ku ds rgr ekU;rk çkIr LFkyksa dh

lwph esa tksM+k x;k gSA bl rjg ns'k esa

jkelj lkbV dh la[;k 39 ls chy

¥ yksukj >hy dks yksukj ØsVj Hkh dgk tkrk

gSA bldk fuekZ.k 35]000 ls 50]000 lky

igys ,d Hkkjh mYdk fiaM ds fxjus ls

IysbLVksflu ;qx esa gqvk ekuk tkrk gSA

>hy esa ikuh •kjk vkSj {kkjh; nksuksa gSA

yksukj >hy dk mYys• lcls igys Ldan

iqjk.k vkSj iÁ iqjk.k tSls çkphu 'kkL=kksa esa

fd;k x;k FkkA >hy ij tkus okyk igyk

;wjksih; 1823 esa ,d fczfV'k vf/dkjh]

tsbZ vysDtsaMj FkkA

¥ yksukj >hy laj{k.k ,oa fodkl lfefr ds

lnL; xtkuu •jkV dk dguk gS fd bl

>hy dk ikuh •kjk gS vkSj bldk ih,p

Lrj 10-5 gSA xtkuu ds vuqlkj ikuh dh

lrg ls ,d ehVj uhps vkWDlhtu ugha gS

tcfd bl >hy esa 'kSoky gSa vkSj xehZ dh

otg ls bldk ikuh de gks x;k gS ftlls

bldh yo.krk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA blds vykok

ikuh ds jax esa bl cnyko dk oSKkfud

dkj.k ;g gks ldrk gS fd yksukj >hy esa

gSykscSDVhfj;k vkSj MÔwuksfuyk lyhuk uke

ds dod ik, tkrs gSa ftldh otg ls ikuh

dk jax fiad gks x;kA

lwj ljksoj >hy

¥ vkxjk&fnYyh jktekxZ ij fLFkr e'kgwj lwj

ljksoj >hy ftls dhFke Hkh dgrs gSa] mls

varjkZ"Vªh; egRo dh vkæHkwfe (osVySaM)

dh lwph jkelj lkbV esa tksM+k x;k gSA mÙkj

çns'k dh ;g vkBoha lcls vkæHkwfe gSA

;g iwjh >hy 7-13 oxZ fdeh ds tyxzg.k

{ks=k esa cukbZ xbZ gSA bls 1991 esa jkT; ou

foHkkx us jk"Vªh; i{kh vHk;kj.; Hkh ?kksf"kr

fd;k FkkA

¥ çoklh if{k;ksa dks vkJ; vkSj çtuu okyh

;g Ñf=ke >hy 106 ls vf/d çtkfr;ksa

ds if{k;ksa dk ?kj gSA ;g lkbV mu if{k;ksa

dh çtkfr;ksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gS tks eè;

,f'k;kbZ ÝykbZos ij çokl djrs gSa] ftlesa

30]000 ls vf/d ty i{kh gj lky ;gka

vkrs gSaA vHk;kj.; esa yxHkx 300 vtxj

vkSj 60 ls T;knk çtkfr;ksa dh eNfy;ka gSaA

jkelj dUosa'ku

¥ jkelj osVySaM~l dUosa'ku ,d varj&ljdkjh

laf/ gS] tks osVySaM~l vkSj muds lalk/uksa

ds laj{k.k vkSj cqf¼erkiw.kZ mi;ksx ds fy;s

jk"Vªh; dk;Z vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx dk



egRoiw.kZ vH;kl iz'u(eq[; ijh{kk gsrq) 7

{ks=kh; O;kid vkfFkZd lk>snkjh (RCEP) ds dk;ks± rFkk mís';ksa ij foLrkj ls ppkZ djsaA07

ifCyd viQs;j baMsDl ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa lq'kklu dh fLFkfr ij foLrkj ls ppkZ djsaA01

gky gh esa E;kaekj esa laiUu vke pqukoksa ds lanHkZ esa Hkkjr&E;kaekj laca/ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djsaA02

gky gh esa laiUu fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu Hkkjr vkSj phu ds chp laca/ksa dks ,d u;s :i nsus esa fdl izdkj lgk;d gS\ mYys[k djsaA

03

dksfoM&19 ds izHkko ls cpus ds fy, yxk;s x;s ykWdMkmu us i;kZoj.k dks fdl izdkj izHkkfor fd;k gS\ ppkZ djsaA04

Hkkjr esa yksdra=k dk pkSFkk LraHk dgs tkus okys ehfM;k dh dk;Zi¼fr ij i{kikroknh joS;s dk vkjksi yx jgk gSA D;k ehfM;k vius okLrfod Lo:i ls HkVd xbZ gS] vkykspukRed O;k[;k dhft,\

05

la;qDr jk"Vª 'kkafr j{kk vfHk;ku ds ckjs esa crkrs gq,] blesa Hkkjr ds ;ksxnku ij izdk'k MkysaA06

02 04 06



01 03 06

ekU;rk çkIr jkelj lkbVksa dh lwph esa fdu nks Hkkjrh; lkbVksa dks tksM+k x;k gS\01

fdl jkT; ljdkj us gky gh esa iapk;r lnL;ksa ds fy, ^jkbV Vw fjdkWy* fo/s;d dks eatwjh nh gS\03

;wukbVsM LVsV~l vkWiQ vesfjdk ds u;s jk"Vªifr fdls pquk x;k gSA06

gky gh esa tgktjkuh ea=kky; dk uke cnydj D;k j[kk x;k gS\02

cUnjxkg] tgktjkuh vkSj tyekxZ

ea=kky;

gfj;k.kk

ckaXykns'k

;'ko/Zu dqekj flUgk

tks fcMsu

15 uoEcj

u, eq[; lwpuk vk;qÙkQ ds :i esa fdls fu;qÙkQ fd;k x;k gS\05

fdl ns'k us VªkaltsaMj eqlyekuksa ds fy, viuk igyk bLykfed Ldwy [kksyk gS\04

fcjlk eqaMk dh t;arh fdl frfFk dks eukbZ tkrh gS\07

dsFke >hy vkSj yksukj >hy

egRoiw.kZ rF;(izkjafHkd ijh{kk gsrq)

7



02 04 06

eSa fdlh dks Hkh vius xans ik¡o ds lkFk esjs eu ls ugha xqtjus nwaxkA01

lR; ges'kk lR; gh jgrk gSa pkgs vki ilan djsa ;k uk djsaA03

nqfu;k esa dsoy ,d gh pht vPNh gS] Kku] vkSj dsoy ,d gh pht cqjh gS oks gS vKkuA06

og tks fofLer gksus ds fy, Bgj ugha ldrk vkSj exu gksdj vk'p;Z ls [kM+k ugha gks ldrk] og ejs gq, ds leku gS_ mldh vk¡[ksa can gSaA

02

vYcVZ vkbaLVhu

iafMr tokgjyky usg:th

IysVks

lqdjkr

vCnqy dyke

euq"; ds vKku dh ekj euq"; gh rks lgrs gSaA05

vPNs deZ gesa rkdr nsrs gSa vkSj nwljksa dks vPNs dk;ks± ds fy, çsfjr djrs gSaA04

balku dks dfBukb;ksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS] D;ksafd liQyrk dk vkuan mBkus ds fy, ;s t:jh gSaA07

egkRek xka/h

egRoiw.kZ mfDr;k¡(fuca/ rFkk mÙkj ys[ku esa mi;ksxh)7

lw;Zdkar f=kikBh fujkyk

Address: 635, Ground Floor, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi 110009

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Dhyeya IAS...31 N IAS most trusted since 2003 egRoiw.kZ vH;kl iz'u 7 (eq[; ijh{kk gsrq) 07 {ks=kh; O;kid vkfFkZd lk>snkjh (RCEP) ds dk;ks± rFkk mís';ksa ij foLrkj ls ppkZ djsaA 01