Diagnostico Sistemico de la empresa San Roque

8/18/2019 Diagnostico Sistemico de la empresa San Roque

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA DE LA SELVA

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA EN INFORMATICA Y SISTEMAS

DIAGNOSTICO SISTEMICO DE LA EMPRESA SAN ROQUE

CURSO:TEORIA GENERAL DE SISTEMAS

INVESTIGADOR:

LEONARDO SECLEN, Anthony Daniel

DOCENTE:POZO MALPARTIDA, Jore

TINGO MARIA ! PERU

"#$%

INDICE


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Contenido

1 INTRODUCCION........................................................................................4

2 INFORMACION GENERAL DE LA EMPRESA SAN ROQUE............................5

2.1 RESEÑA HISTORICA...........................................................................5

2.2 UBICACIÓN GEOGRAFICA...................................................................6

2.3 ORGANIZACIÓN..................................................................................7

2.3.1 ORGANIGRAMA ERARQUICO.......................................................7

2.3.2 ORGANIGRAMA FUNCIONAL.........................................................!

2.4 MISION " #ISION DE LA EMPRESA....................................................1$

2.4.1 MISION.......................................................................................1$

2.4.2 #ISION.......................................................................................1$

2.5 OBETI#OS ESTRATEGICOS...............................................................1$

3 MARCO TEORICO....................................................................................11

3.1 SISTEMA...........................................................................................11

3.1.1 G%&%'()*+(+%,...........................................................................11

3.1.2 D%-&**/& +% S*,0%(,..............................................................12

3.1.3 O%0*, +% ), S*,0%(,..........................................................12

3.1.4 S*,0%(, (*%'0, S*,0%(, %''(+,.....................................12

3.1.5 %'('89( +% ), ,*,0%(,...........................................................13

3.2 ENTROP:A " NEGUENTROPIA............................................................14

3.3 SINERGIA " RECURSI#IDAD..............................................................16

3.4 RETROALIMENTACIÓN......................................................................1!

3.5 ISOMORFISMO..................................................................................21

3.6 CAA NEGRA.....................................................................................22

3.7 EQUIFINALIDAD................................................................................23

3.; HOMEOSTASIS..................................................................................24

3.! PRINCIPIO DE BIDIRECCIONALIDAD..................................................25

3.1$ SUBSISTEMAS DE CHURCHMAN.......................................................26

3.11 SUB SISTEMA DE CONTROL.............................................................26

3.12 PRINCIPIO DE ORGANICIDAD............................................................27

3.13 AUTOPOIESIS...................................................................................2;

3.14 PARES EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE SISTEMAS......................................2!

3.14.1 E%'


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4.1.2 INPUT.........................................................................................32

4.1.3 PROCESOS.................................................................................32

4.1.4 OUPUT.......................................................................................33

4.1.5 ENTORNO..................................................................................33

4.1.6 CONTROL...................................................................................33

4.1.7 RETROALIMENTACION................................................................34

4.2 CONCEPTOS M?S EMPLEADOS EN LA TEORIA GENERAL DE SISTEMAS34

4.2.1 S*&%'


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El &ian'(ti)o (i(t*+i)o en e+re(a( e( -na n-e.a alternati.a ara re(ol.er

lo( .ie/o( ro0le+a( la0orale(, )on -n en1o2-e 2-e er+ite .i(-ali3ar

ele+ento( &e o0(tr-))i'n, e(tr-)t-ra( 2-e (e )ontraonen, &in4+i)a( e

interrela)ione(, y o1re)e la oort-ni&a& &e hallar n-e.a( o)ione( 2-e

ay-&ar4n a en)ontrar y &e(arrollar n-e.o( )a+ino( &e (ol-)i'n5

El Dian'(ti)o Si(t*+i)o in)orora -na n-e.a .i(i'n h-+ana al tra0a/o en

e2-io al +o(trar )on )lari&a& la( &in4+i)a( interer(onale( y (i(t*+i)a( 2-e

(e e(t4n .i.ien&o &entro &e la e+re(a, y 0-()ar la +anera &e re(ta0le)er la

ar+on6a ne)e(aria ara 2-e la( er(ona( 2-e intera)t7an la0oral+ente lo

haan en -n a+0iente 2-e ro+-e.a la lealta& y la )ola0ora)i'n5

A tra.*( &e e(te &ian'(ti)o (e o0tiene -na i+aen )lara &e )'+o er)i0en lo(

e+lea&o( la( 1-n)ione( &e la &ire))i'n y &e )'+o (e +ane/an lo( &i1erente(

ni.ele( &e la /erar2-6a 1or+al e in1or+al5 Per+ite .er la orienta)i'n en la(

tarea(, lo( )liente( o la( +eta(8 er+ite .er el a+0iente e9i(tente en -n r-o

&e tra0a/o8 aorta in1or+a)i'n a)er)a &e )oali)ione( o a0-(o( &e o&er5

Ta+0i*n (e -e&e anali3ar la o(t-ra &e ente )la.e &entro &e la e+re(a )on

re(e)to al )liente, o )'+o (e .e a (6 +i(+a -na er(ona &entro &e la

orani3a)i'n, y a0or&ar (it-a)ione( &e ten(i'n o 1alta &e )ola0ora)i'n entre

&i(tinta( 4rea( &e la e+re(a o entre &i(tinta( er(ona(5

El tra0a/o (e reali3a +e&iante -na herra+ienta 2-e er+ite 2-e (e +ani1ie(te y

(-r/a lo 2-e real+ente e(t4 (-)e&ien&o en -na orani3a)i'n5 A tra.*( &e la

ali)a)i'n &el Dian'(ti)o e( o(i0le hallar el orien &e lo( ro0le+a(, a(6

)o+o 0-()ar n-e.a( (ol-)ione( )reati.a( 2-e to+en en )-enta tanto la

&ini&a& h-+ana )o+o la( leye( (i(t*+i)a( &e la( orani3a)ione(5

CAPITULO I. INFORMACION GENERAL DE LA EMPRESA SAN

ROQUE


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1.1. RESEÑA HISTORICA

Vi)toria Me/6a &e Gar)6a y -n r-o &e (eora( la+0aye)ana(

e+e3aron en $;"# a rearar &-l)e( tra&i)ionale( &e la rei'n en (-

)a(a -0i)a&a en la )alle San Ro2-e, el o0/eti.o era re)a-&ar 1on&o( 2-e

o(terior+ente (e in.ertir6an rin)ial+ente en la ali+enta)i'n &e

er(ona( &e ter)era e&a& )on e()a(o( re)-r(o( ?5

Por e(a *o)a (e e(tren' la el6)-la =@in @on> en el )ine +-&o y la

)ara)ter6(ti)a i)ar&6a )riolla &el norte rela)ion' la &i+en(i'n &el e)ho

&el orila )on la &i+en(i'n &e la alleta &e al1a/or 2-e ela0ora0a la

(eora Me/6a, or ello 2-e&' &e(&e enton)e( 0a-ti3a&o )o+o el =@in

@on &e la )alle San Ro2-e>5

En $;#, &e/aron &e ro&-)irlo( en la )a(a &e &oa Vi)toria y (e

tra(la&aron al B+5 # &e la Pana+eri)ana Norte, &on&e ha(ta el &6a &e

hoy tienen (- 140ri)a5

L-eo in(talaron &o( tien&a(, -na en la +i(+a )a(a y otra en Chi)layo5

En $; a0rieron (- ter)era tien&a ta+0i*n en la )alle San Ro2-e, hoy

lla+a&a )alle Do( &e Mayo, rore(i.a+ente (e 1-eron o(i)ionan&o

)o+o lo( l6&ere( &e (- (e)tor, +e/oran&o er+anente+ente (-(

ro)e(o( y 0-()an&o (ie+re la +e/or )ali&a& en )a&a -no &e (-(

ro&-)to(5 La )erti1i)a)i'n ACCP re(al&' e(te e(1-er3o5

Co+o arte &e (- ro)e(o &e e9an(i'n, &e)i&ieron )rear el e(ta0lo &e

GESA, e+e3an&o )on allina( one&ora( y F .a)a(5 A)t-al+ente

)-entan )on +4( &e $# .a)a( 2-e le( er+iten a0a(te)er(e &e (-

roia le)he ara la ela0ora)i'n &e (- +an/ar 0lan)o5

En $;# atentaron San Ro2-e5En $;; a0rieron &o( tien&a( +4( en Chi)layo: la tien&a Holone(i y la

tien&a San Jo(*5 E(e +i(+o ao la( a))ione( &e la )o+a6a 1-eron

)o+ra&a( or el nieto &e la 1a+ilia, 2-e&an&o a(6 la a&+ini(tra)i'n &el

neo)io en +ano( &el In5 Jore Pi()oya a&re y (- hi/o5

En la a)t-ali&a& )-entan )on $ -nto( &e .enta en el norte &el a6(, -n

(er.i)io &e &eli.ery en Li+a y .enta &e (-( ro&-)to( a tra.*( &e

CENCOSUD5


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A&e+4( &el e(ta0lo GESA y la Ca(a -n&a)i'n )-entan a)t-al+ente

)on e(ta)ione( &e ri1o5 S-( ro&-)to( han i&o e.ol-)ionan&o )on

re(enta)ione( inno.a&ora(5

1.2. UBICACIÓN GEOGRAFICA

A)t-al+ente la 40ri)a &e @in @on =SAN ROUE> )-enta )on

&i.er(a( (-)-r(ale( en &earta+ento( &el Per7 )o+o Pi-ra,

La+0aye2-e, Chi)layo, Tr-/illo, Li+a, Are2-ia, Taraoto y Ca/a+ar)a,

ero (- (e&e rin)ial &e la e+re(a (e -0i)a en la )i-&a& &e

La+0aye2-e, )arretera Pana+eri)ana Norte @+5 #5


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1.3. ORGANIZACIÓN

1.3.1. ORGANIGRAMA JERARQUICO


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1.1.1. ORGANIGRAMA FUNCIONAL

1.4. MISION Y VISION DE LA EMPRESA1.4.1. MISION

Li&erar la ro&-))i'n y )o+er)iali3a)i'n &e &-l)e( tra&i)ionale(er-ano( )on alto( e(t4n&are( &e )ali&a& y )on(tante inno.a)i'n,

ro+o.ien&o a la .e3 -na )-lt-ra &e (er.i)io 2-e enere .alor a

n-e(tro( )liente(, ro.ee&ore( y )ola0ora&ore(5

1.4.2. VISION

Ser re)ono)i&o en el +-n&o )'+o la e+re(a 2-e ro&-)e el

&-l)e tra&i)ional, (6+0olo &e la 1a+ilia er-ana or (- )ali&a& e

i&enti&a& or lo n-e(tro5


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1.. OBJETIVOS ESTRATEGICOS

• Po(i)ionar a n-e(tra +ar)a &entro &el (e+ento l6&er &el +er)a&o

in&-(trial5

•

In)ororar er+anente+ente n-e.a( te)nolo6a( en lo( ro)e(o(ro&-)ti.o(5

• De(arrollar y )aa)itar a n-e(tro er(onal en to&a( la( 4rea(,

oten)ian&o lo( .alore( &e ro1e(ionali(+o, )ali&a& y (er.i)io5

• Re(etar el +e&ioa+0iente a tra.*( &e -n &e(arrollo (o(teni0le en

to&a( la( etaa( in.ol-)ra&a( en ro)e(o ro&-)ti.o5


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CAPITULO II. MARCO TEORICO

2.1. SISTEMA2.1.1. G!"!#$%&'$'!(

La Teor6a General &e Si(te+a( (-ri' )on lo( tra0a/o( &el ale+4n

L-&Ki .on Hertalan11y, -0li)a&o( entre lo( ao( &e $;%# y $;F,

e(ta teor6a no 0-()a (ol-)ionar ro0le+a( o intentar (ol-)ione(

r4)ti)a(, ero (6 ro&-)ir teor6a( y 1or+-la)ione( )on)et-ale(

2-e -e&en )rear )on&i)ione( &e ali)a)i'n en la reali&a&

e+6ri)a5

La Teor6a General &e Si(te+a( (e 1-n&a+enta en tre( re+i(a(

04(i)a(:

L)( (&(*!+$( !,&(*!" '!"*#) '! (&(*!+$(- )a&a (i(te+a

e9i(te &entro &e otro +4( ran&e5 L)( (&(*!+$( ()" $&!#*)(- Ca&a (i(te+a 2-e (e e9a+ine,

e9)eto el +enor o +ayor, re)i0e y &e()ara alo en lo( otro(

(i(te+a(, eneral+ente en lo( )onti-o(5 Lo( (i(te+a(

a0ierto( (e )ara)teri3an or -n ro)e(o &e )a+0io in1inito )on

(- entorno, 2-e (on lo( otro( (i(te+a(5 C-an&o el inter)a+0io)e(a, el (i(te+a (e &e(intera, e(to e(, ier&e (-( 1-ente( &e

ener6a5 L$( /0"&)"!( '! 0" (&(*!+$ '!!"'!" '! (0 !(*#0*0#$-

ara lo( (i(te+a( 0iol'i)o( y +e)4ni)o( e(ta a1ir+a)i'n e(

int-iti.a5 Lo( te/i&o( +-()-lare( or e/e+lo, (e )ontraen

or2-e e(t4n )on(tit-i&o( or -na e(tr-)t-ra )el-lar 2-e

er+ite )ontra))ione(5

Ho-l&in &eno+ina a la Teor6a General &e Si(te+a( )o+o ele(2-eleto &e la )ien)ia en el (enti&o &e 2-e e(ta )ien)ia 0-()a

-n +ar)o &e re1eren)ia a -na e(tr-)t-ra &e (i(te+a( (o0re el

)-al =)olar la )arne y la (anre &e la( &i()ilina( arti)-lare(,

en el or&ena&o y )oherente )-ero &e )ono)i+iento(>

2.1.2. D!/&"&&" '! S&(*!+$(

Si(te+a e( -n to&o orani3a&o y )o+le/o8 -n )on/-nto o)o+0ina)i'n &e )o(a( &e arte( 2-e 1or+an -n to&o )o+le/o o


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-nitario, e( -n )on/-nto &e o0/eto( -ni&o( or al-na 1or+a &e

intera))i'n o in&een&en)ia8 lo( li+ite( o 1rontera( entre el

(i(te+a y (- a+0iente a&+iten )ierta ar0itrarie&a&5

Se7n Hertalan11y, (i(te+a e( -n )on/-nto &e -ni&a&e(

re)6ro)a+ente rela)iona&a(5

=Con/-nto orani3a&o &e )o(a( o arte( intera)t-ante( e

inter&een&iente(, 2-e (e rela)ionan 1or+an&o -n to&o -nitario y

)o+le/o>


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$7 S&(*!+$( $&!#*)(- a2-ello( )-ya )orriente &e (ali&a no

+o&i1i)a a la )orriente &e entra&a57 S&(*!+$( !##$')(- a2-el )-ya )orriente &e (ali&a, e( &e)ir

(- ro&-)to, +o&i1i)a (- )orriente &e entra&a, e( &e)ir (-(

in(-+o(5

Se7n Hertalan11y o&e+o( &i.i&ir a lo( (i(te+a( a0ierto( y

)erra&o( &e la (i-iente +anera:

$7 S&(*!+$ !##$')- no inter)a+0ia ener6a )on (- +e&io


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3. T!#!# "&5!%- +e)ani(+o &e )ontrol o (i(te+a )i0ern*ti)o5 El

(i(te+a (e a-torre-la ara +antener (- e2-ili0rio54. C0$#*) "&5!%- (i(te+a a0ierto o a-to e(tr-)t-ra&o5 En e(te

ni.el (e )o+ien3a a &i1eren)iar la .i&a5 P-e&e )on(i&erar(e

ni.el &e )*l-la5. Q0&"*) "&5!%- en*ti)o(o)ial5 E(t4 )ara)teri3a&o or la(

lanta(5;. S!,*) "&5!%- (i(te+a ani+al5 Se )ara)teri3a or (- )re)iente

+o.ili&a&, )o+orta+iento teleol'i)o y (- a-to)on)ien)ia5


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L$( %!6!( '! %$ *!#+)'&"+&$

L!6 !#)- )-an&o &o( )-ero( 2-e o(een la +i(+a te+erat-ra

(on )olo)a&o( -no al la&o &e otro, (-( te+erat-ra( er+ane)en

)on(tante(5 L!6 #&+!#$- en -n (i(te+a )erra&o la ener6a tien&e a )on(er.ar(e5

No (e ana ni (e ier&e5 L!6 (!:0"'$- )-an&o &o( )-ero( tienen &i1erente te+erat-ra,

e9i(tir4 (ie+re -n 1l-/o &e ener6a &el +4( )aliente al +4( 1r6o5

Di)ho &e otra +anera: )-an&o )ierto( e(ta&o( &el (i(te+a (on +4(

ro0a0le( 2-e otro(, el (i(te+a (ie+re (e +o.er4 en la &ire))i'n

&el e(ta&o +4( ro0a0le5

$7 E"*#)9$

E( -na +e&i&a &e &e(or&en en lo( (i(te+a(, e( la ten&en)ia &e lo(

(i(te+a( a (- e(ta&o )o+7n


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Con el a(o &el tie+o lo( la&rillo( ten&er4n a &e(interar(e, a la

*r&i&a &e (- orani3a)i'n, a .ol.er a tran(1or+ar(e en ol.o o

ar)illa, a llear a (- e(ta&o +4( ro0a0le5 El e1e)to &e &e(intera)i'n

e( el e1e)to &e la entro6a5

E(to 2-e (-)e&e )on lo( (i(te+a( )erra&o(, no o)-rre i-al )on lo(

a0ierto(5

7 NEGUENTROPIA

L$ "!:0!"*#)&$ 6 %$ (0(&(*!"&$ '!% (&(*!+$

En el +-n&o 16(i)o no e9i(te )rea)i'n &e ne-entroia o entro6a

neati.a, lo( (i(te+a( .i.o( e.itan el &e)ai+iento a tra.*( &e la

ine(ta &e ali+ento(5 Un orani(+o (e ali+enta &e entro6a neati.a

atray*n&ola ara *l ara )o+en(ar el in)re+ento &e entro6a 2-e

ro&-)e al .i.ir y +anteni*n&o(e a(6, &entro &e -n e(ta&o

e(ta)ionario, )on -n ni.el relati.a+ente 0a/o &e entro6a5

La ne-entroia e( en (6 -na +e&i&a &e or&en, e( el +e)ani(+o

(e7n el )-al el orani(+o (e +antiene en e(ta&o e(ta)ionario y a -n

ni.el 0a(tante alto &e or&ena+iento, e( &e)ir, a -n 0a/o ni.el &e

entro6a5


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)a+o o (i(te+a ha(ta enton)e( &e()ono)i&o: la( +ol*)-la( y la(

rote6na( )o+leta(5


18/48

-na )on(tr-))i'n te'ri)a5 Sin e+0aro (- )on)eto ara )ierto(

e1e)to( e( -na herra+ienta &e an4li(i( i+ortante(5

L-eo ara 1ine( &e in.e(tia)i'n el )onlo+era&o e( -n )on/-nto &e

o0/eto(, &e lo( )-ale( (e a0(traen )ierta( )ara)ter6(ti)a(, e( &e)ir

2-e (e eli+inan a2-ello( 1a)tore( a/eno( al e(t-&io y l-eo (e

o0(er.a el )o+orta+iento &e la( .aria0le( 2-e intere(an5

Otra ali)a)i'n en la Teoria General &e Si(te+a( en &on&e en1ati3a

la (ineria e( la e+re(a, (e7n Peter 5 Dr-)Ber8 =La e+re(a &e0e

(er )aa3, or &e1ini)i'n, &e ro&-)ir +4( o +e/or 2-e to&o( lo(

re)-r(o( 2-e )o+ren&e5 De0e (er -n .er&a&ero to&o: +ayor 2-e la

(-+a &e (-( arte(, o or lo +eno(, &i1erente a ella, )on -n

ren&i+iento +ayor a la (-+a &e lo( in(-+o(>

A&e+4( 5J5An(o11 trata la (ineria )o+o -no &e lo( 1a)tore( ara

(er to+a&o( en )-enta ara -n +*to&o &e &e)i(i'n e(trat*i)a y la

&e()ri0e )o+o -na +e&i&a &e lo( e1e)to( -ni&o( i&enti1i)4n&ola

)o+o el e1e)to: " " %

7 R!0#(&5&'$'

Re)-r(i'n o re)-r(i.i&a& e( la 1or+a en la )-al (e e(e)i1i)a -n

ro)e(o 0a(a&o en (- roia &e1ini)i'n5 Sien&o -n o)o +4(

re)i(o(, y ara e.itar el aarente )ir)-ito (in 1in en e(ta &e1ini)i'n,

la( in(tan)ia( )o+le/a( &e -n ro)e(o (e &e1inen en t*r+ino( &e

in(tan)ia( +4( (i+le(, e(tan&o la( 1inale( +4( (i+le( &e1ini&a( &e

1or+a e9l6)ita5

Nota: a-n2-e lo( t*r+ino( =re)-r(i'n> y =re)-r(i.i&a&> (on

a+lia+ente e+lea&o( en el )a+o &e la in1or+4ti)a, el t*r+ino

)orre)to en )a(tellano e( re)-rren)ia5 Sin e+0aro e(te 7lti+o

t*r+ino e( alo +4( e(e)61i)o5

P#&"&&) '! R!0#(&5&'$'


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El t*r+ino =Re)-r(i.i&a&> (e ali)a a (i(te+a( &entro &e (i(te+a(

+ayore( y a )ierta( )ara)ter6(ti)a( arti)-lare(, +4( 0ien 1-n)ione( o

)on&-)ta( roia( &e )a&a (i(te+a, 2-e (on (e+e/ante( a la &e lo(

(i(te+a( +ayore(5 e(te -e&e ali)ar(e a lo( &i1erente( )a+o(

&el )ono)i+iento )o+o lo (on: a&+ini(tra)i'n, re)-r(o( h-+ano(,

(i(te+a( &e in1or+a)i'n, et)5

Lo 2-e e(te rin)iio ar-+enta e( 2-e )-al2-ier a)ti.i&a& 2-e e(

ali)a0le al (i(te+a lo e( ara el (-ra (i(te+a y (-0(i(te+a5

Un (i(te+a e( -n (i(te+a alterno al (i(te+a rin)ial 2-e (e

&e(arrolla en (e-n&o t*r+ino to+an&o en )-enta el inter)a+0io &e

)-al2-ier 1or+a o ro)e&i+iento, -n S-ra (i(te+a e( a2-el 2-e

)o+ren&e -na /erar2-6a +ayor a la &e -n (i(te+a rin)ial

&eter+ina&o, enla3a&o &i1erente( tio( &e )o+-ni)a)i'n interna y

e9terna5

La re)-r(i.i&a& e9re(a la /erar2-i3a)i'n &e lo( (i(te+a(, (ien&o el

)on)eto -ni1i)a&or &e la reali&a& y &e lo( o0/eto(5

2.4 RETROALIMENTACIÓN

El )on)eto &e retroali+enta)i'n 1-e intro&-)i&o or No0ert Qiener en el

e(t-&io &e lo( (i(te+a( &e )ontrol y &e )o+-ni)a)i'n


20/48

F&:0#$1. M)'!%) '! C)+0"&$&" )" F!!'$.

La )aa)i&a& ara 1a)ilitar 1ee&0a)B e( 1-n&a+ental ara el *9ito &e

)-al2-ier inter.en)i'n )o+o &ire)ti.o, y e( -na &e la( 1-n)ione( +4(

i+ortante( 2-e &e0e &e(e+ear el &ire)ti.o )o+o t-tor, o )o+o 1-ente

&e &e(arrollo &e la( er(ona(5

Lo( a-tore( aa&en 2-e, 2-iene( &e(ta)an or (-( loro( (ie+re

0-()an 1ee&0a)B o 1or+a( &e anali3ar (-( *9ito(, in)l-(o -n 1ee&0a)B

neati.o e( re1eri0le a la a-(en)ia &e 1ee&0a)B5

El in&i.i&-o no tar&a en er&er (- +oti.a)i'n y ent-(ia(+o (i )ree 2-e

na&ie (e reo)-a &e (- ren&i+iento, el 1ee&0a)B e( -na 1or+a &e

re)ono)i+iento 2-e +oti.a a la ente )o+o (eal' ill, el ro)e(o

+o&erno &e 1ee&0a)B lo )ontrola +4( el e+lea&o 2-e el &ire)ti.o,

ha)ien&o -n *n1a(i( e(e)ial en el a(e(ora+iento, la a-toe.al-a)i'n y el

a-to&e(arrollo5

La retroali+enta)i'n er+ite el )ontrol &e -n (i(te+a y 2-e el +i(+o

to+e +e&i&a( &e )orre))i'n en 0a(e a la in1or+a)i'n retroali+enta&a5

F)#+$( '! R!*#)$%&+!"*$&"

La o(iti.a o &e re1-er3o e( -na a))i'n a+li1i)a&ora o e(ti+-la&ora &e

la (ali&a (o0re la entra&a, 2-e -e&e in&-)ir ine(ta0ili&a& al (i(te+a ya

2-e re1-er3a -na +o&i1i)a)i'n &e (- &e(e+eo5


21/48

En la retroali+enta)i'n o(iti.a el )ontrol e( r4)ti)a+ente i+o(i0le, ya

2-e no &i(one+o( &e e(t4n&are( &e )o+ara)i'n, -e( lo( o0/eti.o(

1i/a&o( al )o+ien3o r4)ti)a+ente no (on to+a&o( en )-enta, &e0i&o a

(- )ontin-a .aria)i'n5

Co+o la )on&-)ta &e la .aria0le e( err4ti)a, e( &i16)il lanear la(

a)ti.i&a&e( y )oor&inarla( )on otra(, en e(ta( )ir)-n(tan)ia( la

retroali+enta)i'n o(iti.a tien&e a eli+inar to&o e(1-er3o &e

rora+a)i'n y &e lani1i)a)i'n5

2. ISOMORFISMO

Se7n


22/48

E9i(ten leye( 2-e to&o( lo( (i(te+a( )o+arten, or el (olo he)ho &e

(er (i(te+a(5

2.; CAJA NEGRA

Se -tili3a el )on)eto &e )a/a nera en &o( )ir)-n(tan)ia(5

C-an&o el (i(te+a e( i+enetra0le o ina))e(i0le, or al-na ra3'n5 C-an&o el (i(te+a e( e9)e(i.a+ente )o+le/o, &e &i16)il e9li)a)i'n

o &etalle5

El )on)eto &e )a/a nera (e re1iere a -n (i(te+a )-yo interior no -e&e(er &e()-0ierto, )-yo( ele+ento( interno( (on &e()ono)i&o( y 2-e ('lo

-e&e )ono)er(e =or 1-era>, a tra.*( &e +ani-la)ione( e9terna( o &e

o0(er.a)i'n e9terna5

En la inenier6a ele)tr'ni)a, el ro)e(o &e )a/a nera e( -tili3a&o )-an&o

(e +ani-la -na )a/a her+*ti)a+ente )erra&a, )on ter+inale( &e

entra&a


23/48

ro&-)en e(a( (ali&a(, a +eno( 2-e en -n +o+ento &a&o no( intere(e

al-na &e ella(5 En e(te )a(o ro)e&e+o( a a0rir la )a/a5

VENTAJAS

E(te +*to&o er+ite i&enti1i)ar )lara+ente la( entra&a( y (ali&a( y

e(t-&iar la( rela)ione( 2-e e9i(ten entre ella(, er+itien&o a(6

+a9i+i3ar la e1i)ien)ia &e lo( (i(te+a( (in tener 2-e intro&-)irno( en lo(

ro)e(o( )o+le/o( 2-e (e en)-entran en la Ca/a Nera, e9)et-an&o

)-an&o (e re(entan ro0le+a( e( &e)ir )-an&o hay ano+al6a( en la(

rela)ione( entre entra&a y (ali&a, enton)e( no( .e+o( o0lia&o( a

&e(taar la Ca/a Nera y e(t-&iar e(e (-0(i(te+a en 1or+a +4( re)i(a5

DESVENTAJAS

E(te +*to&o tiene (- ra3'n &e (er, -e(, la +ayor6a &e la( er(ona( &an

riori&a& a lo( re(-lta&o(, ero, or otra, &e(tr-ye la (al-&a0le

)-rio(i&a& &e (a0er el 1-n)iona+iento y el or2-* &e la( )o(a(5

2.< EQUIFINALIDAD

Se re1iere al he)ho 2-e -n (i(te+a .i.o a artir &e &i(tinta( )on&i)ione(

ini)iale( y or &i(tinto( )a+ino( llea a -n +i(+o e(ta&o 1inal5 El 1in (e

re1iere a la +anten)i'n &e -n e(ta&o &e e2-ili0rio 1l-yente5 =P-e&e

al)an3ar(e el +i(+o e(ta&o 1inal, la +i(+a +eta, artien&o &e &i1erente(

)on&i)ione( ini)iale( y (i-ien&o &i(tinto( itinerario( en lo( ro)e(o(

or4(+i)o(>5 El ro)e(o in.er(o (e &eno+ina +-lti1inali&a&, e( &e)ir,

=)on&i)ione( ini)iale( (i+ilare( -e&en lle.ar a e(ta&o( 1inale(&i1erente(5>

Lo( (i(te+a( a0ierto( (e )ara)teri3an or el rin)iio &e e2-i1inali&a&:

-n (i(te+a -e&e al)an3ar or -na .arie&a& &e )a+ino(, el +i(+o

re(-lta&o 1inal, artien&o &e &i1erente( )on&i)ione( ini)iale(5 En la

+e&i&a en 2-e lo( (i(te+a( a0ierto( &e(arrollan +e)ani(+o(

re-la&ore(


24/48

E!+%)( '! !80&/&"$%&'$'

Una e+re(a (e lantea )o+o o0/eti.o a-+entar la( -tili&a&e( y ara

lorarlo -e&e to+ar .aria( &e)i(ione( )o+o:

a? Re&-)ir lo( )o(to( &e ro&-))i'n5

0? A-+entar el +aren &e anan)ia5

)? A-+entar la( .enta(, entre otro(

Una e+re(a (e lantea )o+o o0/eti.o &i(+in-ir (- )i)lo &e

)on.er(i'n &e e1e)ti.o y ara lorarlo -e&e to+ar .aria( &e)i(ione(

)o+o:

a? Re&-)ir el erio&o &e )on.er(i'n &e in.entario(,

0? Re&-)ir el erio&o &e )on.er(i'n &e la( )-enta( or )o0rar

)? A-+entar el erio&o &e )on.er(i'n &e la( )-enta( or aar

&? to&a( /-nta(5

2.> HOMEOSTASIS

La =ho+eo(ta(i(> e( el e(ta&o interno relati.a+ente )on(tante &e -n

(i(te+a 2-e (e +antiene +e&iante la a-torre-la)i'n


25/48


26/48

o&e+o( &e&-)ir 2-e hay -na re)iro)i&a& y )o+-ni)a)i'n )on(tante

entre a+0a(, entre el (i(te+a y (-( )o+onente(, y en )on(e)-en)ia,

)ierta 0i&ire))ionali&a& entre (i(te+a y (-0(i(te+a(5 Partien&o &e e(to(

rin)iio( o&e+o( &e)ir 2-e &entro &e lo( (i(te+a(, lo( (-0(i(te+a(

1-n)ionan )on (-( )ara)ter6(ti)a( roia(, 1or+an&o -na .er&a&era

-ni&a& )on la totali&a&5

Ta+0i*n ha)e +en)i'n 2-e to&o (i(te+a tiene 2-e (er 0i&ire))ional

&e0i&o a 2-e tiene 2-e ha0er entra&a y (ali&a &e ele+ento( tanto &el

(i(te+a )o+o &el entorno y .i)e.er(a5

En )on)l-(i'n to&o (i(te+a (e en)-entra en )on(tante )o+-ni)a)i'n,

intera)t-an&o y tra0a/an&o er+anente+ente )on (- entorno y

.i)e.er(a5

2.1 SUBSISTEMAS DE CHURCHMAN

En e(te -nto (e &e()ri0en )in)o (-0(i(te+a(5

S0(&(*!+$( '! #)'0&"- -ar&an rela)i'n )on el tra0a/o 2-e (e

reali3a5

S0(&(*!+$( '! $)6)- ara la o0ten)i'n, &i(o(i)i'n y rela)ione(in(tit-)ionale(5

S0(&(*!+$( '! +$"*!"&+&!"*)- ara .in)-lar a la( er(ona( )on

(-( aele( 1-n)ionale(5 S0(&(*!+$( '! $'$*$&"- e(to( e(t4n rela)iona&o( )on el

)a+0io orani3a)ional5 S0(&(*!+$( '! '!&"- en e(te -nto lo( a-tore( a1ir+an 2-e el

1-n)iona+iento &e la orani3a)i'n &e0e (er e(tr-)t-ra&a en rela)i'n

)on el a+0iente5 De +anera 2-e lo( (i(te+a( (o)iale( &een&en &eotro( (i(te+a( (o)iale(5

2.11 SUB SISTEMA DE CONTROL

Lo( (i(te+a( .i.o( en eneral o(een -na )ara)ter6(ti)a 2-e lo( lle.a no

('lo a er+ane)er (ino a )re)er y e9an&ir(e y e( or el rin)iio &e

orani)i&a&5


27/48

Para o&er lle.ar e(ta 1-n)i'n e( ne)e(ario 2-e (e &e(arrolle -na

)aa)i&a& &e a&ata)i'n )on el +e&io o entorno 2-e ro&ea al (i(te+a5

Enton)e( lo( (i(te+a( &e0en e(tar )aa)ita&o( ara o0(er.ar e(e

+e&io, ara e(t-&iar (- )on&-)ta en rela)i'n )on *l8 en otra( ala0ra(

&e0en )ontrolar (- )on&-)ta, )on el 1in &e re-larla &e -n +o&o

)on.eniente ara (- (-er.i.en)ia, e(to (e lora a tra.*( &e la

retroali+enta)i'n neati.a y a-to)ontrol5

S&(*!+$ '! )"*#)% #!*#)$%&+!"*$')

E( a2-el 2-e tien&e a +antener -na rela)i'n ree(ta0le)i&a entre la

(ali&a y la entra&a &e re1eren)ia, )o+aran&o a+0a( y -tili3an&o la

&i1eren)ia )o+o ar4+etro &e )ontrol

S&(*!+$ '! %$) !##$')

Un (i(te+a &e la3o )erra&o e( a2-el en 2-e la (eal &e (ali&a tiene

e1e)to &ire)to (o0re la a))i'n &e )ontrol5 E(to e(, lo( (i(te+a( &e la3o

)erra&o (on (i(te+a( &e )ontrol retroali+enta&o

M=*)') '! )"*#)%

E( -na alternati.a ara re&-)ir la )anti&a& &e in1or+a)i'n re)i0i&a or

2-iene( to+an &e)i(ione(, (in &e/ar &e a-+entar (- )onteni&o

in1or+ati.o5

La( tre( 1or+a( 04(i)a( &e i+le+entar el +*to&o &e )ontrol (on:

Reporte de Variación, Decisiones Programadas y Notificación

Automática.

2.12 PRINCIPIO DE ORGANICIDAD

El -ni.er(o -e&e (er rere(enta&o )o+o -n (i(te+a o )o+o -n

)on/-nto &e (-0(i(te+a( 2-e intera)t7an y (e rela)ionan -no( )on otro(

&entro &e -na reali&a& &in4+i)a, &e tal 1or+a 2-e la( a))ione( o


28/48

inter)a+0io &e ener6a 2-e (-)e&en en -n (-0(i(te+a &eter+ina&o

a1e)tan a lo( &e+4(5

Sin e+0aro, a e(ar &e to&a e(ta &in4+i)a, &e a))ione( y rea))ione(

entre lo( &i1erente( (i(te+a(, no e9i(te el )ao(, (ino -n )ierto or&en y

e2-ili0rio5

E(te 1en'+eno, lla+a&o acción equilibrada &e la totali&a& -e&e (er

e9li)a&o a tra.*( &e:

$7 M!"&$ N!*)"&$"$

NeKton e(ta0le)i' tre( leye( &e la &in4+i)a 2-e (on:

Ley &e la iner)ia Ley &e la 1-er3a(

Ley &e la a))i'nrea))i'n )on ella( e( 1a)ti0le il-(trar la (-o(i)i'n &e 2-e -n (i(te+a, e(

1a)ti0le e(ta0le)er la )on&i)i'n &e e2-ili0rio e(ta&6(ti)o, 2-e (-one

2-e la( )on&i)ione( interna( er+ane)en )on(tante(, )-a(ie(t4ti)a(5

7 T!)#9$ G!"!#$% '! S&(*!+$(

C-an&o -n (i(te+a e(t4 en -n e(ta&o er+anente &e e2-ili0rio

e(ta&6(ti)o no e( inerte, en el )orto la3o, la( a))ione( y rea))ione(2-e (e (-)e&en &entro &el (i(te+a no are)en re1le/a&a( en el

)ar4)ter eneral &el (i(te+a: ero (on 1-er3a( latente( 2-e tratan &e

lle.arlo a -n )a+0io, a-n2-e e(te (ea i+er)eti0le5

Lo( (i(te+a( tien&en a er+ane)er en -n )ierto e2-ili0rio, ta+0i*n

e9i(te -na 1-er3a 2-e tien&e a &e(tr-ir el (i(te+a, )-an&o -n (i(te+a

e( a1e)ta&o or el entorno o la( 1-er3a( entr'i)a( tien&e a

orani3ar(e +e/or5

Pero, &e a)-er&o a la &ial*)ti)a, (e ne)e(ita &e &o( 1-er3a( o

o(i)ione( )ontraria( ara enerar el )a+0io la e.ol-)i'n, e(te

rin)iio o)a(iona 2-e lo( (i(te+a( e.ol-)ionen5

El Prin)iio &e Orani)i&a& e(t4 re1eri&o al ro)e(o &e e.ol-)i'n 2-e

tien&en a a-+entar el ra&o &e orani3a)i'n 2-e o(een lo(

(i(te+a(


29/48

2.13 AUTOPOIESIS

De(&e (-( ini)io(, Mat-rana y Varela han e(ta&o intere(a&o( en

)ara)teri3ar la .i&a, lo( (ere( .i.o(, en (-( ra(o( e(en)iale(5 S- teor6a

e( -na teor6a )entra&a en la orani3a)i'n &e lo .i.o8 la re-nta a la 2-e

reten&en re(on&er (er6a la (i-iente: 2-* )la(e &e (i(te+a e( -n (er

.i.o, &i)ho &e otra 1or+a, 2-* tienen en )o+7n to&o( lo( (i(te+a(

.i.o( 2-e no( er+iten )ali1i)arlo( &e tale(

Lo( (ere( .i.o( tienen -na e9tre+a ha0ili&a& ara )on(er.ar(e a (6

+i(+o(, ara )on(er.ar (- i&enti&a&, a e(ar &e lo( )a+0io( )ontin-o(

en (-( entorno(, &e+o(tran&o )on ello -na alta y )ontin-a&a )aa)i&a&

ho+eo(t4ti)a, -na -ltra e(ta0ili&a& )o+o &ir6a A(h0y


30/48

2.14 PARES EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE SISTEMAS

La 1ra(e en(a+iento &e (i(te+a( i+li)a ra3onar a)er)a &el +-n&o

2-e hay &entro y 1-era &e no(otro(, y ha)erlo +e&iante el )on)eto &e

(i(te+a5

C$#$*!#9(*&$( '! %)( (&(*!+$(-

La( )ara)ter6(ti)a( atri0-i&a( &e(&e la Teor6a General &e lo( Si(te+a(

(on:

2.14.1 E+!#:!"&$ 6 J!#$#809$

$7 E+!#:!"&$

Un (i(te+a 1-n)iona )o+o -n to&o, l-eo tiene roie&a&e(

&i(tinta( &e la( arte( 2-e lo( )o+onen5 E(ta( roie&a&e( (e

)ono)en )on el no+0re &e roie&a&e( e+erente(, -e(

e+eren &el (i(te+a +i(+o )-an&o e(t4 en a))i'n5

E/e+lo: Di0-/o( ani+a&o(, +o.i+iento &e -n a-to, la .i&a, la

)-lt-ra, la )on)ien)ia, la ri(a, el &olor, La( roie&a&e(

e+erente( (o0re(alen &e lo( (i(te+a(5

Una .enta/a &e la( roie&a&e( e+erente( e( 2-e no ha)e1alta )o+ren&er al (i(te+a ara 0ene1i)iar(e &e *l5 No e(

ne)e(ario (a0er ele)tr'ni)a ara en)en&er la l-3, ni (a0er &e

+e)4ni)a ara )on&-)ir -n a-to5

7 J!#$#809$

General+ente to&o( lo( (i(te+a( (on )o+le/o(, intera&o( or

(-0(i(te+a( +4( e2-eo(, el t*r+ino /erar2-6a i+li)a la

intro&-))i'n &e (i(te+a( en otro( (i(te+a(5To&o (i(te+a e( -n tran(1or+a&or &e entra&a(, in(-+o( o

in-t( en (ali&a(, ro&-)to( - o-t-t(5

S-( ele+ento( )o+onente( e(t4n lia&o( +e&iante &i.er(a(

)one9ione( o inter1a)e(5

2.14.2 C)+0"&$&" 6 C)"*#)%

$7 C)+0"&$&"


31/48

or+a y el ra&o &e interrela)i'n &e lo( ele+ento( &el (i(te+a5

7 C)"*#)%

Re-la el (i(te+a al &ar(e


32/48

e(irit-al e intele)t-al &e lo( nio(, roor)ion4n&ole( -na 1or+a)i'n

0a(a&a en lo( rin)iio( )ri(tiano )at'li)o5

E(ta orani3a)i'n e(t4 )on1or+a&a or -n e2-io ro1e(ional alta+ente

)ali1i)a&o ara reali3ar la( la0ore( &iaria( en la e+re(a,

e(tr-)t-ra &e la e+re(a tene+o( al erente eneral, el a(i(tente &e

eren)ia, eren)ia &e a&+ini(tra)i'n y 1inan3a(, eren)ia )o+er)ial,

eren)ia &e in.e(tia)i'n y &e(arrollo, eren)ia &e ro&-))i'n,

en)ara&o &e al+a)*n, (-er.i(ora &e .enta(, /e1e &e &i(tri0-)i'n,

a(i(tente &e +arBetin, a(i(tente &e e9orta)i'n y tra0a/a&ore( en

eneral5

A2-6 inre(a +ateria ri+a e *&,8, en &on&e +a2-inaria( ela0oraran

el ro&-)to 1inal, el lla+a&o @ING @ONG 2-e l-eo (er4n -e(to en

.enta en lo( &i(tinto( -nto( &e aten)i'n )on lo( 2-e )-enta la e+re(a5

3.1.1. VARIABLES3.1.1.1. VARIABLES ENDOGENAS $'!"*#)7

La( .aria0le( en&'ena( rere(entan re(-lta&o( &e la a)ti.i&a&

interna &el (i(te+a, a2-6 no+0ra+o( al-na( .aria0le( en n-e(tra

e+re(a e(t-&ia&a:J Tra0a/a&ore(J Ma2-inaria(J I+orta)i'n

3.1.1.2. VARIABLES EOGENAS $/0!#$7

La( .aria0le( e9'ena( rere(entan a))ione( o in1l-en)ia( 2-e

ro.ienen &el +e&io a+0iente5J SUNATJ Te)nolo6aJ Nat-rale3a

3.1.2. INPUT

J Materia Pri+aJ Per(onal &e tra0a/o

J Ma2-inaria(J Dinero


33/48

3.1.3. PROCESOS

J Lo( tra0a/a&ore( &e la( &i(tinta( 4rea( &e la e+re(a

ha)en -(o &e la +ateria ri+a e in(-+o( 2-e inre(an ara la

ela0ora)i'n &e lo( ro&-)to(5J Re-nione( &e la( a-tori&a&e( &e )a&a 4rea &e la e+re(a

ara )oor&ina)ione( (o0re el +ane/o y a.an)e &e la e+re(a5J Manteni+iento &e la( +a2-inaria( ara (- +e/or

1-n)iona+iento5

3.1.4. OUPUT

J Pro&-)to(J Ga(to(J Per(onal

3.1.. ENTORNO

El &ian'(ti)o )orre)to &e lo( +ale( 2-e a1e)tan a -na e+re(a,

&een&en &el an4li(i( &e la (it-a)i'n en la 2-e e(ta (e en)-entra,

or e(o e( i+ortante )ono)er a n-e(tra e+re(a &e la 1or+a

+4( )o+leta o(i0le5

Para o1re)er -n +e/or (er.i)io en la aten)i'n, e( ne)e(ario

)ono)er a lo( )liente( y en la( ne)e(i&a&e( &e e(to( )on el 1in &e

+e/orar la i+aen &el (er.i)io5

Se trata &e )ono)er 2-e &e+an&a el )liente, y en 1-n)i'n &e ello

&eter+inar lo( ro)e(o(, ara a&e)-ar n-e(tra ro&-))i'n a e(e

+er)a&o5

En el )a(o &e n-e(tro (i(te+a e(t-&ia&o, el an4li(i( &el entorno

interno y e9terno e( (en)illo8 &on&e lo( r-o( &e )liente( o&r6an

en)-a&rar(e en:


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E+re(a( Per(ona( Nat-rale(

Co+o (e trata &e -na e+re(a &een&er4 &e (- )entral5 La

)entral, a (- .e3, &een&er4, en )ierto( a(e)to(, &e otro(

(i(te+a( ol6ti)o( y a&+ini(trati.o( na)ionale( o interna)ionale(5

3.1.;. CONTROL

En el e(t-&io &e n-e(tro (i(te+a (e ar-an &i.er(a( a)ti.i&a&e(

2-e (e le( a(inan a &i1erente( re(on(a0le( ara &e(arrollarlo( y

e/e)-tarlo(, to&o e(to tiene )o+o 1in er+itir el loro &e la +i(i'ny &e lo( o0/eti.o( +e&iante la reali3a)i'n &e lo( lane(, ara ello

e( i+ortante 2-e to&o( lo( +ie+0ro( &e la e+re(a (e (ientan

in.ol-)ra&o( en la to+a &e &e)i(ione( y en el e(ta0le)i+iento &e

lo( o0/eti.o( en .irt-& &e (- ni.el &e re(on(a0ili&a&5

3.1.


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(it-a)i'n en &on&e no e9i(ten e9)-(a( ni (e &a la oort-ni&a& &e

.oltear ha)ia la i32-ier&a o a la &ere)ha5

3.2. CONCEPTOS MS EMPLEADOS EN LA TEORIA GENERAL DESISTEMAS

3.2.1. S&"!#:&$

La (ineria e( ta+0i*n -n )on)eto +-y i+ortante en -n

)onte9to e+re(arial o &e neo)io(, ya 2-e &entro &e -na

e+re(a, e( i+ortante 2-e haya (ineria entre lo( &i1erente(

&earta+ento(, ara 2-e la a))i'n )on/-nta tena )o+ore(-lta&o el *9ito &e la e+re(a.

En e(te 4+0ito, la (ineria -e&e (er o(iti.a o neati.a,

&een&ien&o (i el )on/-nto e( 1r-)t61ero o (e o0tienen +e/ore(

re(-lta&o(5

En -n e/e+lo &entro &e n-e(tro (i(te+a e(t-&ia&o, e9i(ten

&i1erente( 4rea( &entro &e la e+re(a, &on&e )a&a -na )-+le

-na 1-n)i'n, &on&e la (-+a &e to&a( la( 1-n)ione( reali3a&a( or )a&a 4rea )-+len )on -n o0/eti.o, a(6 o&e+o( &e)ir 2-e la

(-+a &e la( arte( e( &i1erente &el to&o, ya 2-e el to&o .iene a

(er el o0/eti.o )-+li&o 2-e 1-e lora&o )on el tra0a/o en

)on/-nto &e to&a( la( 4rea( in&i.i&-al+ente5

3.2.2. R!0#(&5&'$'

Po&e+o( enten&er or re)-r(i.i&a& el he)ho &e 2-e -n o0/eto

(iner*ti)o, -n (i(te+a, e(t* )o+-e(to &e arte( )on

)ara)ter6(ti)a( tale( 2-e (on a (- .e3 o0/eto( (in*ri)o(


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re)-r(i.i&a&, e( 2-e )a&a -no &e e(to( o0/eto(, no i+ortan&o

(- ta+ao, tiene roie&a&e( 2-e lo )on.ierten en -na totali&a&,

e( &e)ir, en ele+ento in&een&iente5

Para )olo)ar -n e/e+lo )laro &e re)-r(i.i&a&, en(e+o( en la

e+re(a e(t-&ia&a )o+o -na totali&a& y en(e+o( en ('lo &o(

a(e)to( &e ella, &ire))i'n y ro&-))i'n5

E.i&ente+ente, la e+re(a o(ee -n )-ero &e &ire))i'n


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ay 2-e tener en )-enta 2-e -n (i(te+a alta+ente entr'i)o

tien&e a &e(aare)er or el &e(a(te enera&o or (- ro)e(o

(i(t*+i)o a tra.*( &el tie+o5

En -n e/e+lo &e n-e(tro (i(te+a e(t-&ia&o, (a0e+o( 2-e la

e+re(a (e &e&i)a a la ro&-))i'n y .enta &e @in @one(, la

entro6a (e -e&e re(entar en &i1erente( 1or+a(:

Ha/o ren&i+iento &el er(onal &e tra0a/o5 Pro0le+a( en la( +a2-inaria( &e la e+re(a5

En )-anto a la ne-entroia e( la ener6a a-to re-la&ora 2-e

er+ite +antener al (i(te+a en (- e(ta&o &e e2-ili0rio

aranti3an&o la (-er.i.en)ia &e e(te, -e( e( la 2-e (e oone

al )re)i+iento &e la entro6a en -n (i(te+a )ontrarre(tan&o (-e1e)to5

Tenien&o en )-enta el e/e+lo &e entro6a, la ne-entroia (e

re(enta al tratar &e (ol-)ionar e(to( ro0le+a( &e la( (i-iente(

+anera(:

El 0a/o ren&i+iento &e er(onal &e tra0a/o (e -e&e )ontrolar

reali3an&o )aa)ita)ione( y &an&o in)enti.o( al er(onal )on

el 1in &e +oti.arlo( ara oti+i3ar (- tra0a/o5

La ro0le+a( )on la +a2-inaria (e )ontrolar6a re.i(an&o

eri'&i)a+ente la( +42-ina( y ha)i*n&ole( +anteni+iento

tanto re.enti.o( )o+o )orre)ti.o(5

3.2.4. P#&"&&) '! O#:$"&&'$'

El 1en'+eno or el )-al o&e+o( e.i&en)iar -n ro)e(o &e

e.ol-)i'n 2-e .iene a a-+entar el ra&o &e orani3a)i'n 2-e

o(een lo( (i(te+a( en arti)-lar a0ierto( e(e)ial+ente &e

(ere( .i.o(5

Po&e+o( )itar al-na( &e1ini)ione( (o0re el rin)iio &e

orani)i&a&:

To&o (i(te+a 0-()a -n e(ta&o +4( e(ta0le &e +ayor &e(orani3a)i'n o entro6a )re)iente5


38/48


39/48

in1or+ar5 El re(-lta&o &el ro)e&i+iento, e( 2-e 7ni)a+ente

(e in1or+a a 2-i*n to+a la( &e)i(ione( a)er)a &e lo( e.ento(

o a)ti.i&a&e( 2-e (e aartan &e +o&o (ini1i)ati.o 2-e lo(

lane(, ara 2-e to+en la( +e&i&a( ne)e(aria(5

D!&(&)"!( P#):#$+$'$(-

Otra ali)a)i'n &e (i(te+a &e )ontrol i+li)a el &e(arrollo y la

i+lanta)i'n &e &e)i(ione( rora+a&a(5 Una arte

are)ia0le &e la( &e)i(ione( &e )ar4)ter t*)ni)o y -na arte

e2-ea &e la( &e)i(ione( t4)ti)a( a0ar)an &e)i(ione(

reetiti.a( y r-tinaria(5 Di(ean&o el (i(te+a &e in1or+a)i'n

&e +anera 2-e e/e)-te e(a( &e)i(ione( &e r-tina, el anali(ta

roor)iona a lo( a&+ini(tra&ore( +4( tie+o ara &e&i)ar(e

a otra( &e)i(ione( +eno( e(tr-)t-ra&a(5

Si (e ro)-ra 2-e el (i(te+a .iile la( 'r&ene( en&iente( y

(e rora+a la( &e)i(ione( &e )-4le( e&i&o( ne)e(itan

+ayor aten)i'n, (e lorar4 -n (ini1i)ati.o ahorro &e tie+o y

e(1-er3o5

N)*&/&$&" $0*)+*&$:

En e(te )a(o, el (i(te+a )o+o tal, no to+a &e)i(ione( ero

)o+o .iila el 1l-/o eneral &e in1or+a)i'n -e&e roor)ionar

&ato(, )-an&o (ea re)i(o y en el +o+ento &eter+ina&o5

La( noti1i)a)ione( a-to+4ti)a( (e ha)en en al-no( )riterio(

re&eter+ina&o(, ero (olo 2-iene( to+an la( &e)i(ione(

&e0en &e)ir (i e( ne)e(ario o no e+ren&er al-na a))i'n5

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos13/gaita/gaita.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos34/el-caracter/el-caracter.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/Computacion/Programacion/http://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/ahorro-inversion/ahorro-inversion.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos13/gaita/gaita.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos34/el-caracter/el-caracter.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/Computacion/Programacion/http://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/ahorro-inversion/ahorro-inversion.shtml


40/48

3.2.;. P#&"&&) '! B&'!&)"$%&'$'

El rin)iio &e 0i&ire))ionali&a& en la e+re(a e(t-&ia&a (eali)a ara i&enti1i)ar la( .aria0le( en&'ena( y e9'ena( &el

(i(te+a, a(6 or e/e+lo to+e+o( la rela)i'n entre el &-eo &e

la e+re(a SAN ROUE y la SUNAT, )lara+ente .e+o( o (e

nota 2-e la SUNAT in1l-ye en el &-eo &e la e+re(a or2-e

e(te &e0e aar a la SUNAT ero *l no -e&e in1l-ir en la

SUNAT, la SUNAT -e&e o0liarle a aar ero e(te no -e&e

o0liar a la SUNAT a 2-e lo e(ere ara 2-e )-+la )on (-ao8 a(6 )on e(te e/e+lo he+o( i&enti1i)a&o &o( .aria0le(, la

e9'ena 2-e .iene a (er la SUNAT or2-e 1or+a arte &el

entorno &el (i(te+a y el &-eo &e la e+re(a 2-e .iene a (er la

.aria0le en&'ena e( &e)ir la 2-e e(t4 &entro &el (i(te+a5

3.2.


41/48

lorar el 0-en 1-n)iona+iento &e )a&a -na &e ella( y a(6 no

haia 1alla( t*)ni)a( a la hora &e ela0orar el ro&-)to5

S0(&(*!+$ '! $'$*$&"- Mantener a)t-ali3a&o el rei(tro &e tra0a/a&ore( &e la

e+re(a5 Mantener a)t-ali3a&o el in.entario &e ro&-)to( y +aterial,

a(6 )o+o .elar or (- )on(er.a)i'n, +anteni+iento y

re)-era)i'n5

S0(&(*!+$ '! '!&"-

El In5 Jore Pi()oya Ma&-eo, Gerente General &e la

e+re(a SAN ROUE (e en)ara &e .elar or el 0-en

1-n)iona+iento &e la e+re(a ara 2-e e(ta (-ra en el

+er)a&o interna)ional5

3.2.>. A0*))&!(&(

La e+re(a SAN ROUE )-enta )on (- roio e(ta0lo, &on&e

(e &e&i)an a la )rian3a &e .a)a( &e &on&e e9traen la le)he ara

la ela0ora)i'n &e (-( ro&-)to(, enton)e( )o+o -n e/e+lo &e

a-tooie(i( .e+o( )lara+ente 2-e (i no e9i(tieran la( .a)a(, la

e+re(a no o&r6a ela0orar (-( ro&-)to(, enton)e( e(

ne)e(ario e(to ara 2-e el (i(te+a no )ola(e y (e +antena

.i.o5

3.2.?. E+!#:!"&$ 6 !#$#809$

Un (i(te+a 1-n)iona )o+o -n to&o, en e(te )a(o la e+re(a1-n)iona )on to&a( (-( 4rea( ara 0rin&ar -n 0-en (er.i)io, to&a

orani3a)i'n, e(tr-)t-ral+ente )on)e0i&a, e(t4 )on(tit-i&a or:

+a)ro ro)e(o(, ro)e(o( y (-0ro)e(o( 2-e &e +anera

arti)-la&a, )on&-)en a re(-lta&o(5 (ta tra+a, &e lo +a)ro a lo

+i)ro, e(t4 &i(ea&a ara al)an3ar lo( o0/eti.o( orani3a)ionale(

a tra.*( &e la &e1ini)i'n &e role( 2-e eneran a-ta( e(ta0le(

)rea&a( (o)ial+ente, nor+a( 2-e &e1inen el &e0er (er y el)o+orta+iento, y .alore( 2-e /-(ti1i)an y e9li)an e(a( nor+a(


42/48

3.2.1. C)+0"&$&" 6 )"*#)%

La )o+-ni)a)i'n 2-e e9i(te en el (i(te+a e( 2-e &e(&e el

CLIENTE hay -n er(onal en)ara&o 2-e 0rin&a -n (er.i)io

&eter+ina&o or e/e+lo: ay -na )o+-ta&ora &on&e )a&a

)liente -e&e .er lo( &i1erente( ro&-)to( )on lo( 2-e )-enta la

e+re(a, lo( &i(tinto( re)io( y la 1or+a &e o&er o0tenerlo( a

-n 0-en re)io5


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CAPITULO IV. DISCUSION


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CAPITULO V. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES

De(-*( &e ha0er reali3a&o el &ian'(ti)o (i(t*+i)o &e la e+re(a SAN

ROUE, (e )o+r-e0a la -tili&a& &e e(ta herra+ienta a&+ini(trati.a )o+o -nre)-r(o &e lo( &ire)ti.o( ara +e/orar el tra0a/o )oti&iano, la )ola0ora)i'n &e

)a&a -no &e lo( e+lea&o( y a&+ini(tra&ore(, er+iten e(ta0le)er e(trateia(

&e +e/ora )ontin-a en ro)e(o( 2-e +-e(tran al-na &e0ili&a&5

El &ian'(ti)o +-e(tra 2-e e1e)ti.a+ente, al reali3arlo er+ite -n ni.el &e

&ete))i'n &e ro0le+a( y er+ite la 07(2-e&a &e (ol-)ione( ar)iale(,

aro.e)han&o la oten)iali&a& &el +i(+o5 De ah6 2-e (e ha intenta&o al)an3ar el ni.el e(trat*i)o, roonien&o )a+0io( en el &e(e+eo &e la orani3a)i'n

.i(ta &e(&e -n en1o2-e (i(t*+i)o5


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BIBLIOGRAFIA

A(h0y5


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SBi11inton, Z5


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ANEOS


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Documents

Diagnostico Sistemico de la empresa San Roque