Dic Shipping Terms(Pag1-55)

7/29/2019 Dic Shipping Terms(Pag1-55)

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PETER BRODIEJanuary1997


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A- - --Ala Always afloat q.v..A.b. Able seaman q.v.Abaft At or towards the stern or after end of a ship. Also referred to asaft.

Abeam On a line at right angles to a ship's length.Able seaman Seaman who is qualified by examination and length ofservice at sea. Often abbreviated to a.b.A.B.S. American Bureau of Shipping-American ship classificationsociety. For the functions of a ship classificatiorz society, see Classificationsociety.Abt. About. For example, a telex containing an offer for the charter of aship might describe her as abt. 2,500 tom es DWCC.Alc Account. This abbreviation is used when referring to a bank account,for example a current a/c, and when allocating costs, such as in the phrasefor the a/c of charterers.Accept except Term used by either the shipowner's broker or the pros-pective charterer's agent during the negotiations for the charter of a shipto signlfy that an offer or counter-offer is accepted apart from certainclauses or details. These are then listed together with the amendmentssought.Accomplish a bill of lading (to) To surrender a bill of lading to thecarrying ship at the discharge port in exchange for the goods. If more thanone original bill of lading has been issued, only one need be surrendered tothe ship, the others becoming non-negotiable.Accomplished bill of lading Original bill of lading which has beensurrendered to the canying ship at the discharge port in exchange for thegoods.

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Area differentialappointed must be a commercial person or a person experienced in sh i pping.Area differential Element in the freight charged by a shipping line ordetermined by a liner conference which reflects the additional costs ofserving a particular area.Arrest (of a ship) Seizure of a ship by authority of a court of law eitheras security for a debt or simply to prevent the ship from leaving until adispute is settled.Arrest a shi p (to) To seize a ship by authority of a court. See also Arrest(of a ship) above.Arrival pilot st ation Location often used as the place of delivery of aship by the shipowner to the charterer at the commencement of a timecharter. The hire charge commences from the time of arrival unless theship arrives prior to the first of the laydays . In such a case, the hire chargecommences at the beginning of the first layday or sooner at the option ofthe charterer.Arrived ship Requirement of allvoyage charters that the ship must havearrived before laytime can commence. Where a berth or dad< has beennominated by the charterer, the ship must have arrived at that berth ordo&. When a port is nominated, the ship must have arrived at the port,although various legal decisions have defined differently a port in thiscontext in cases where there is no berth available and the ship is obligedto wait.Articles of agreement Written agreement between the master of a shipand the crew concerning their employment. It includes rates of pay andcapacity of each crewman, the date of conunencement of the voyage andits duration. The agreement is also known as ship's articles.Artificial tween deck Construction made by placing several platformflats end to end in a ship. These are effectively shippin g containers withou tsides, ends or a roof. Normally, platform flats are 20 or 40 feet long andare used to hold awkwardly shaped cargoes which cannot fit on or in an yother type of conta iner.A.s. Alongside.As is In the condition in wiuch the subject-matter is. This expression8

Average (to) (laytime)is used when goods, or a ship, are offered for sale without repair orrectification.As is, where is In the condition in which the subject-matter is and at theplace where it is lying. This expression is used where goods, or a ship,are offered for sale with out repair or rectification and with delivery to thepurchaser being at the place where the goods are lying.Asphalt tanker Ship used exclusively or predominantly to carry asphalt,a waste pro duct of the oil refining industry. Basically a tanker, this shiphas heating coils, since asphalt is viscous and solidifies unless it is keptat the correct heat.Astern At or towards the stem or rear of a ship.A.td.n. Any time day or night q.v.Athwar tships Across the ship, that is, from side to side. Said of a cargostowed in this way, as opposed to lengthwise.A.t.s. AU time saved q.v.Austral Voyage charte r-party devised by the Chamber of Shipping of theUnited Kingdom and the Australian Grain Shippers' Association andused for shipments of grain from Australia. The full name of this charter-party i.. the Chamber of Shipping Australian Grain Charter.Austwheat Voyage charter-party devised by the Australian Wheat Boardand the Chamber of Shipping of the United Kingdom and used for ship-ments of whea t and flou r from Australia. The full name of this charter-party is the Australian Grain Charter.Autonomou s port Type of port in France which is self-funded andmanaged by a council made up of representatives of the municipality ,dock workers and others.Average Term used in marine insurance to mean a loss which may begeneral (seeGenera l average) or partial (see Particular average).Average (to) (laytime) As a voyage charterer, to offset the time used inloading cargo against that used in discharging for the purpo se of cal-culating demurrage or despatch. If, for example, a charterer eams fivedays' despatch a t the loading port hut there is a period of three days'


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BendsFreshbreezeStrongbreezeNeargaleGale

StronggaleStorm

ViolentStorm

Hurricane

2.5 Moderate waves, taking a more pronouncedlong form; many white horses are formed.(Chance of some spray.)4.0 Large waves begin to form; the white foamcrests are more extensive everywhere.(Probably some spray.)5.5 Sea heaps up and white foam from breakingwaves begins to be blown in streaks along thedirection of the wind.7.5 Moderatel y high waves of greater length;edges of crests begin to break in spindrift. Thefoam is blonrn in well-marked str eaks alongthe direction of the wind.10.0 High waves. Dense stre aks of foam along thedirection of the wi nd. Crests of wav es beginto topple, tumble and roll over. Spray mayaffect visibility.12.5 Very high waves wi th long overhanging crests.The resulting foam in great patches is blownin dense white streaks along the direction ofthe wind. On the whol e the surface of the seatakes on a white appearance. The tumbling ofthe sea becomes heavy and shock-like. Visi-bility is affected.16.0 Exceptionally high waves. (Small andmedium-siz ed s hips might for a time be lost toview behi id the waves.) The sea is completely

covered with long wh ite patches of foam lyingalong the direction of the wind. Everywherethe edges of the wave crests are blown int ofroth. Viiibility is affected.over The air is filled with foam and spray. Sea com-pletely white with driving spray. Visibility isvery seriously affected.'The Beaufort wind force scales extend to $The approximate height of waves isForce 17 (up to 118 knots), but Force 12 is shown, indicating for each wind strengththe highest which can be identified from the average wave height and the likelythe appearance of the sea. maximum wave height. In enclosed waterst Determined at coast stations for a height or when near land w ith an offshore wind,of 10 metres above sea level. The Gale wave heights will be smaller and the wavesWarning Signal ishoisted in the British Isles steeper.for winds which may reach Force 8or more.- . - .- - . .Bends Both ends q.v.Berth Place alongside a quay where a sliip loads or discharges cargo or,in the case of a lay-by berth, waits until a loading o r discharging berth isavailable. This term is also frequently used to signify places alongside aquay each of which is capable of accommodating only one ship at a time.Berth (to) To moor alongside a quay.Berth charter-party Charter-party in which a particular berth is nomi-16

Bimchemvoynated by the charterer. The time allowed for loading or discharging, asthe case may be, does not start to count until the ship reaches the berth.Berth standard of average clause Clause in a charter-party setting outthe contribution to be made by the charterer to any claim for loss ordamage to cargo for which the shipowner is liable.Berth terms Expression signifying that the contract of carriage is subjectto the customs and conditions of the ports of loading and discharging .Abbreviated to b.t.B.h.p. Brake horse power.Bilge Area at the lower part of a hold where surplus liquids collect andare pumped out at regular intervals.Bilge keel Thin plates attached to the exterior of the hull of a ship at theturn of the bilge, along part of its length. Its purpose is to deaden anyrolling.Bill Widely used shor t form for bill of lading. For definition, see Bill oflading belmu.Bill of health Written statement by the authorities at a port that those onboard a ship are in an acceptable state of health to make physical contactwith the shore.Bill of lading Document issued by a shipowner to a shipper of goods. Itserves as a receipt for the goods, evidence of the contract of carriage anddocument of title. As a receipt, it contains the description and quantity ofthe goods as well as suitable notations if the goods are not in apparentgood condition when received by the ship. As evidence of th e contract ofcarriage, the bill of lading contains the terms and conditions of the contractor, where the contract is represented by a charter-party, a reference to thecharter-party. As a document of title, the bill of lading is used by a thirdparty to take delivery of the goods from the ship. Abbreviated to b/l.Bill of lading to order Bill of lading which requires an endor sement bythe consignee before goods can be delivered to him by the carrying ship.Bimchemvoy Standard voyage charter-party used for the carriage ofchemicals in tankers, devised by the Baltic and International MaritimeConference (BIMCO).

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Forwarding agent's commissionForw ardin g agent's commission Commission payable by a shipping line

Free in and out, lashed, secured and dunnagedthey are delivered to that place. The contract should specify whether it is


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to a forwarding agent for obtaining cargoes. It is a percentage, varyingfrom on e line to another, of the freight. Abbreviated to f.a.c.F.o.s. Fuel oil surcharge q.v.F.0.t. Free on truck . Fo r defiilition, see Free on rail belolo.Foul bill of ladi ng Bill of lading containing one, or more than one,superimp osed clause specifying a defect to the cargo or packing, noted atthe time the goods are received by the ship . Such a bill of ladi ng is alsoreferred to as dirty or unclean.Four-way palle t Type of pallet in which the apertur es intende d to takethe forks of a fork-lift truck are situated on all four edges. See also Pallet,One-way pallet nrzd Two-way pallet.F.o.w. First open water.F.p. (1)Free pratique q . ~ .F.p. (2 ) Flash point 9.71.F.p.t. Fore peak tank 9.71.Frame On e of a serie s of bars, often steel sections called bulb flats,attached to the keel of a ship and supportin g the plating at the sides ofthe shi p. Because the frames cause a loss of spa ce in the holds for stowi ngsome cargoes, ships have two capacities which ar e particularly importantwhe n considering loading bulk cargoes: the grain capacity, or simply thegrain, us ed for free-flowing cargoes capable of filling the spaces betweenthe frames , and t he bale capacity, or bale, for cargoes which are not.Franco domicile SLY Free delivered bcloni.Free along side shi p Sales term denoting that the seller is responsible forbringing the goods alongside the ship at the loading port berth and onthe da te specified by the buyer, after which the risk ol loss or damage tothe goods passes from the seller to the buyer. Abbreviated to f.a.s.Free delivered Sales term denoting that the seller is responsible forarra nging and paying for the carriage of the goods to the place agreed inthe contra ct. The seller bears the risk of loss or damage to the goods until

pay any import duty. Also referred to as franco domicile or, simply,delivered.Free despatch Provision in a voyage charte r-party that despatch moneyis not payable when loading and /or discharging has been cumpleted inless than the time allowed. Abbreviated to f.d.Free discharge Term qualifying the freight rate in a voyage charter whichsignifies that the sh ipowner doe s no t pay for the cost of discharging th ecargo, but that this cost is to be borne by cargo interests, that is, thecharterer or receiver, as the case may be.Free flow system System employed in large tankers carrying one gradeof cargo only whereby oil flows from one compartment to another throughsluice gates, rather than having complex pipelines.Free in Free of expense to the shipowner of cargo handling at the loadingport.Free in and out Term qualifying a freight rate which signifies that itexcludes the cost of loadi ng and discharging and , if appropriate to thetype of cargo, stowin g, dunnaging, lashing and securing or trimming, allof which are payable by the charter er or shippe r or receiver, as the casemay be. This type of rate is typically found in voyage charter-parties and ,since the shipowner has no control over loading an d discharging, thesegenerally have suitable clauses for laytime and demurrage to allow fordelays at the loading and discharging ports. Abbreviated to f.i.0.Free in and out an d stow ed Qualification to a freight rate which isequivalent to free in and out but which avoids any ambiguity by speci-fying that the cost of stowage is not for th e account of the shipowner. Itis norn~al ly ayable by the charterer or th e shipper. Abbreviated to f.i.0.s.See izlso Free in and out nbozv.Free in and out a nd trimmed Qualification to a freight rate which isequivalent to free in and out but which avoids any ambiguity by speci-fying that the cost of tr imming is not for the account of the shipowner. Itis normally payable by the charterer o r the shipper. Abbreviated to f.i.0.t.S c i ~ l s o ree in and out R ~ ( I Z I C .Free in and out, lashed, secured and dunn aged Qualification to a freight

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Free in liner out or free in liner terms dischargerate which i s equivalent to free in and out b ut which av oids any ambiguityby specifying that the cost of lashing, securing and dunn aging is not for

Freight (to)free port are normally to be re-exported, sometimes after having beenprocessed in some way.


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the account of the shipowner. It is normally payab le by the charterer orthe ship per. Abbreviated to f.i.o.1.s.& d. See also Free in and out above.Free in liner out or free in liner terns discharge Qualification to afreight rate denoting that it is inclusive of the sea carriage and the cost ofdischarging. It excludes the cost of loading and , if appropriate to the typeof cargo, stowing, dunnaging, lashing and securing or trimming, all ofwhich are payable by the charterer or shipper . This type of freight ratemay have a provision for laytime and demurrag e at the port of loadingsince the carr ier has n o control over the loading . Abbreviated to f.i.1.o. orf.i.1.t.d.Free on board Sales term denoting that the seller is responsible fordelivering the goods to the port of loading agreed in the contract and forloading them on to the ship nominated by the buyer. The risk of loss ordamag e to the go ods generally passes from the seller to the buyer whenthe goods pass ship's rail at the port of loading. Abbreviated to f.0.b.F.0.b. charg es are cargo handling charges levied on the shipper by theshipp ing line at the port of loading.Free on qu ay Sales term denoting that t he seller is responsible for deliver-ing the go ods on to the quay at the port of lo ading as near as possible tothe ship nominated by the buyer. Abbreviated to f.0.q.Free on rail or free on truck Sales term denoting that the seller is respon-sible for delivering goods into the custody of the railway at a named placeand, if agreed in the contract of sale , for loading into rail cars, at whichtime the risk of loss or damage to the goods generally passes from sellerto buyer. Abbreviated to f.o.r. or f.0.t.

Free out Qualification to a freight rate denoting that the cost of dis-charging the cargo from the ship's hold is not included in the freight butis payable by the charterer or sh ipper or bill of lading holder, as the casemay be. When qualifying a term of sale, it denotes that the purchase priceof the goods does not include this cost which is borne by the buyer. Often,daily rates of discharging and demur rage are incorporated into suchcontracts. Abbreviated to f.0.Free port Separate area within a port where goods which have beenimported may be held without payment of duty. Goods likely to use a82

Free pratique Permission granted by the authorities at a port, beingsatisfied as to the state of health of those on board a ship on arrival, forthem to make physical contact with the sh ore. Also referred to simply aspratique. Abbreviated to f.p. A ship which is the subject of such per-mission is said to be in free pratique.Free time Period between the time a ship is ready to load or discharge,having given notice of readiness, and the time laytime commences inaccordance with the charter-party, durin g which the charterer or receiveris not obliged to load or discharge. It is important to make a provision inthe charter-party for the effect on laytime should the charterer or receiverelect to load or discharge during this period.Freeboard Distance between the deck line, that is, the line representingthe uppermost continuous deck, and the relevant load line, painted onthe side of a ship . Freeboards are assigned by a government departmentor, if authorised by th at depar tment, a classification society.Freedom Popular cargo ship of 14,800 onnes deadweight . She is a tweendecker, the original type having four holds served by six hatches with 5tonne derricks . She has a grain capacity of 19,950 cubic metres and a baleof 18,535 cubic metres. Her service speed is 13.5 knots. A later version hasfive holds an d five hatches, a deadweight of 15,600 tonnes and a servicespeed of 14.5 knots.Freight (1) Amount of money paid to a shipowner or shipping line forthe carr iage of cargo. Depending on the type of contract, the particularterms and , in some cases, the custom of the ports involved, the freightmay include the cost of loading and /or discharging the cargo or maysimply cover the ocean carriage. Abbreviated to frt. For exnlnples, see Linerterms ~ n dree in and out.Freight (2) Sometimes used to denote cargo.Freight (to) (1) To determine or calculate the freight for a particularconsignment.Freight (to) (2) To show the freight (amount) on a document such as aship's manifest.

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Dic Shipping Terms(Pag1-55)