Reducing harmful emissions while protecting Fleet Investment.

“Diesel Emissions Reduction Act 2006” (DERA) amended the ECL. DERA provides exemptions for some off road vehicles/equipment.

ECL 19-0323 added: “Use of Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel & Best Available Technology by the State”

Part 248 regulations enacted July2009. How will this affect compliance and reporting?

DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) PCRT (Partial Filter) CCRT (Continuously Regenerating

Technology) DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) APF (Active Particulate Filter) PPF (Passive Particulate Filter) CCV (Closed Crankcase Ventilation)

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst – DOC- Simple in line muffler conversion that reduces particulate matter (PM) 25-40%. Low maintenance and cost about $1500 per unit. Tier 1 Technology

Diesel Particulate Filters - DPF- complex emissions reduction systems that reduce PM up to 95%. Proper maintenance is critical to the operation of these systems. Minimum cost $8-12,000 per unit. Require passive or active regeneration.

Passive regeneration happens automatically on over the road trucks when the exhaust system maintains a minimum temperature of 250-290 degrees centigrade for at least 35-40 % of the trucks operation. (Duty cycle)

Active regeneration requires manual intervention , either on the truck/equipment or off board through an external heat source. Most trucks and equipment that operate locally or for short on/off durations require some form of active regeneration.

On board - The DPF collects soot which needs to be burnt off to prevent back pressure. The DPF sends a signal to a control module to activate an on board external fuel fired heater to burn off the soot. The heater heats the exhaust to 1200 F to burn off the collected soot. Requires about 45 minutes continuous run time.

Off board – this process can utilize an on board heater connected to an external electric outlet for 5-6 hours or can require the DPF to baked in an external unit for 30-60 minutes + removal and reinstallation time. Total 3-4 hours.

Regeneration intervals can’t be controlled. Intervals will be determined by duty cycles.

Due to the high heat created by the on board regeneration .additional radiator and clutch fan capacity may be necessary.

Diesel fuel is used to fire the heater and the clutch fan may diminish horsepower.

Off board scheduling and time constraints limit this as a viable option.

Regeneration should not occur during refueling or inside buildings with low ceilings.

Depending on exhaust stack location, regeneration should not occur in high grass , near low trees and shrubs, or near any other flammable object.

Driver training is imperative to prevent problems.

PM ≥ 20% CO ≥ 90% HC ≥ 90%

Versatile Installations

No Maintenance

Fuel Tolerant

Low Cost Solution

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/verif-list.htm

http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/vt/cvt.htm

Sample beginning inventory of 2769 units to be retrofitted, retired or replaced. 686,155,155=996.

Performing duty cycle testing is critical to determine what technology to use.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation- most engines produced in the last 5-6 years use EGR. They are cleaner than the previous engines so there are limited options to install on these engines.

Continue to perform duty cycle tests and install DOC’s where permissible. IF DPF’s are required we will contract for a complete and warranted installation.

2010 engines will require SCR technology to reduce Nox emissions. On board Urea injection system.

Natural gas engines meet 2010 emissions without using DPF’s or UREA.

Selective Catalytic Reduction – Uses Diesel Exhaust Fluid (urea) injected into the exhaust to reduce NOX.

DEF/Urea distribution is already in place. Fuel mileage will increase slightly.

Advanced EGR does not meet the tailpipe NOX emissions requirement. Previously earned credits allow these engines to be sold legally. Fuel mileage will decrease slightly.

Natural gas engines can produce as much horsepower as diesel and can be more efficient.

Natural gas costs $1.00 -2.00 less per gallon equivalent..

Liquified Natural Gas is the most efficient method of storage for heavy duty vehicles.