Dietary Management for Diseases of the Musculoskeletal And

8/3/2019 Dietary Management for Diseases of the Musculoskeletal And

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dietary-management-for-diseases-of-the-musculoskeletal-and 1/16



MUSCULOSKELETAL

SYSTEM The muscles are responsible formovement of the body. It is classified as :

- CARDIAC (heart muscle)

- Skeletal (striated muscle)

- Smooth (nonstriated muscles ofgastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and

other involuntary muscles)



The skeletal system from thesupporting framework of the

body. The component are:

- AXIAL part of bones of thetrunk which includes the; skull,

vertebral column, ribs, and

sternum and the appendicularpart or bones of extremities.





RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

- The disease is common in men andwomen around age 40, but it occurs inpeople of ages. It is most frequentamong women and in temperature

climate w/c is cold and damp. It is aninflammatory disease and no one knowswhat causes it. One of the most widelyaccepted theories from among several,is that it is an autoimmune disease,where the sufferer·s own immunesystem attacks the joints.



1. Suppression of inflammation in the joints or other tissues by the use of

anti-inflammatory drugs lie salicylates(aspirin). Other newer medicines thathave the same effect as aspirin aremotin (Advil), Naprosyn, Nalfron,

Tolectin, Clinoril, and Indocin. They areussually called ´non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsµ (NSAIDs).



2. Maintenance of joint function and prevention

of deformities through therapeutic exercisesdesigned to preserve joint motion, muscularstrength and endurance.

3. Repair of joint damage by surgical

intervention. This involves replacingitteversibly damage joints, or improvingfunctional capacity of, or preventing damageto normal joints (prophylatic synovectomy).

PLASMAPHERESIS- to remove circulatingplasma antibodies from the plasma andpemphopharesis to filters out lymphocytesare also done.



4. To provide psychological adjustment tothe disease

5. To provide dietary needs of the patientconsidering on the symptoms and anydeficiency states that may aris.



OSTEOARTHRITIS

- This condition is often referred to asdegenerative joint disease of hypertropicarthritis and the primary part affected is theparticular cartilage

- It usually involves the weight-bearing joints ofthe spine, hips, knees, elbows and the terminaljoints of the fingers.

- onset is slow and inflammatory. The disease ischaracterized by intermittent pain and stiffnessw/c affects the activity of the individual.



- The pathophysiological changes areirreversible but the symptoms may bealleviated by rest, graduated physical

exercises, physiotherapy and analgesics.- Diet has very little role in the treatment

unless the pt. is obese in /c case a lowcalorie diet is necessary in order to reduce

the strain on the weight bearing joints.Protein, vitamins and minerals and fluidmust be adequate to maintain good health.



GOUT

- This condition is a metabolic disorder characterized

by a uric acid levels greater that 7 mg% in theblood, resulting in deposition of urate crystalsthroughout the body. These crystals form tophi or

noduar deposits and may visibly be seen in the

helix of the ears and joints of the fingers and toesand in the kidneys as renal calculi.

- This is also characterized by severe pain in thejoints following exceptionally large meal or stress.

Sometimes joints affected swell and become redand tender.



Management is aimed at reducing the

exogenous sources of purines in the diet even if

endogenous purines are produced in the body.

If the pt. is obese, a reduction in weight isnecessary.

Medical treatment is still confined to uricosuric

drugs, colchicine and analgesics which are allaimed toward abolishing inflammation.



DMD is the most common form of muscular dystrophy

causing muscle deterioration and an eventual death in

boys usually before age 30. DMD is hereditary disease

the caused by a defective gene. This gene isresponsible for the production of a key muscle protein

called dystrophin, the lack of which is associated with

complete muscle deterioration over the first two

decades of life.



Affects a large number of the women

population who are over 45 years of age. It can

result in curvature of the spine, decreased

height, and porous bones. They are many

factors responsible for osteoporosis but calcium

and its absorption plays a major role. The

following are considered risk factors forosteoporosis;



1. Women

2. Early menopause

3. History of fractures among elderly relatives especially the hip and

vertebrate

4. Small built body frame

5. Underweight

6. Women who have never been pregnant

7. Smoking

8. Alcoholism

9. Cortisone, anticonvulsants and antacids containing aluminum

10. Illnesses like hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, cushings

syndrome, diabetis, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease&

gastrointestinal problems that impair absorption of calcium.



Diet recommended diet to reduce osteoporosishave adequate calories to attain or maintain bodyweight, provide a calcium intake of 1000 mg

per day or 1500 mg for individuals with highcalcium need like pregnancy, adolescence andlactation; have a relatively low phosphorus,moderate protein, adequate amounts of vitamin

D and flouride.

Documents

Dietary Management for Diseases of the Musculoskeletal And