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EUROIMMUN Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen Teil 2 Enzephalitiden Dr. rer. nat. Jasmin Aldag EUROIMMUN AG

Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

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Page 1: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner

ZNS-Erkrankungen

Teil 2 – Enzephalitiden

Dr. rer. nat. Jasmin Aldag

EUROIMMUN AG

Page 2: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Stiff-Person-

Syndrom

Autoimmun-

Neuropathie

Myasthenie-

Syndrom

Autoimmun-

Enzephalitis

Zerebelläre

Syndrome

Erkrankungen mit

Demyelinisierung

Antikörper-assoziierte

Syndrome

Page 3: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Stiff-Person-

Syndrom

Autoimmun-

Neuropathie

Myasthenie-

Syndrom

Autoimmun-

Enzephalitis

Zerebelläre

Syndrome

Erkrankungen mit

Demyelinisierung

Erkrankungen des

ZNS

Page 4: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN Abbildung modifiziert nach Lancaster and Dalmau, Nat Review Neurol 2012

Intrazelluläre Antigene

Hu, Yo, Ri, CV2, Ma, SOX1,

Zic4, ANNA-3, PCA-2, GAD

Zelloberflächen-/Synapsenantigene

NMDAR, AMPAR, GABABR, VGKC,

LGI1, CASPR2, mGluR1, mGluR5,

GlyR, DPPX, D2R, AQP4, Tr, AChR

Autoantikörper in der Neurologie

Page 5: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Entzündung des limbischen

Systems können eine Vielzahl

von Symptomen verursachen:

Limbische Enzephalitis

Page 6: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

• Gedächnisstörungen

• Psychiatrische Symptome

• Epilepsie

Entzündung des limbischen

Systems können eine Vielzahl

von Symptomen verursachen:

Limbische Enzephalitis

Page 7: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Diagnostik:

Virale Enzephalitis (HSV)

Limbische Enzephalitis

Page 8: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Diagnostik:

Virale Enzephalitis (HSV)

Antikörper gerichtet gegen

• intrazelluläre/klassische paraneoplastische Antigene:

Hu, Ma2, CV2, Amphiphysin

• Zellmembran Antigene:

Glutamatrezeptoren (Typen NMDA und AMPA), VGKC (LGI1,

CASPR2), GABAB-Rezeptoren, „Antikörper gegen Neuropil“

Limbische Enzephalitis

Page 9: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Antikörper gegen intrazelluläre vs

Oberflächenantigene (Hippocampus)

Lancaster E, Dalmau J et al. Neurology 2011

Page 10: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Antikörper

gegen

Klinisches Syndrom Paraneoplastische

Fälle

Assoziierte

Tumore

NMDAR NMDAR-Enzephalitis 9%-55% (Abhängig von Alter,

Geschlecht, Ethnizität)

Ovarialteratom

(seltener andere)

AMPAR Limbische Enzephalitis,

atypische Psychose

70% Lunge, Thymom,

Mammakarzinom

GABARB

Limbische Enzephalitis 60% SCLC

LGI1 Limbische Enzephalitis <20% SCLC, Thymom

CASPR2 Neuromyotonie,

Morvan-Syndrom,

Limbische Enzephalitis

<20% Thymom

Antikörper gegen neuronale Oberflächenantigene

Lancaster E, Dalmau J et al. Neurology 2011

Page 11: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Page 12: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN Dalmau et al., Lancet Neurology 2011

Anti-NMDA-Rezeptor Enzephalitis

Prodromale

Phase

Page 13: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN Dalmau et al., Lancet Neurology 2011

Anti-NMDA-Rezeptor Enzephalitis

Prodromale

Phase

Unruhe, Halluzinationen,

Psychosen, Gedächnis-

störung, Sprachreduzierung,

mit /ohne Krampfanfälle

Bewegungsstörungen,

Koma, Hypoventilation, mit

/ohne autonome Instabilität

Page 14: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN Dalmau et al., Lancet Neurology 2011

Anti-NMDA-Rezeptor Enzephalitis

Prodromale

Phase

Unruhe, Halluzinationen,

Psychosen, Gedächnis-

störung, Sprachreduzierung,

mit /ohne Krampfanfälle

Bewegungsstörungen,

Koma, Hypoventilation, mit

/ohne autonome Instabilität

Klinische Verschlechterung

Page 15: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN Dalmau et al., Lancet Neurology 2011

Anti-NMDA-Rezeptor Enzephalitis

Prodromale

Phase

Unruhe, Halluzinationen,

Psychosen, Gedächnis-

störung, Sprachreduzierung,

mit /ohne Krampfanfälle

Bewegungsstörungen,

Koma, Hypoventilation, mit

/ohne autonome Instabilität

Klinische Verschlechterung

Klinische Verbesserung

Page 16: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

One day, I woke up in a strange hospital

room, strapped to my bed, under guard,

and unable to move or speak.

Only weeks earlier I had been a healthy

twenty-four year old, beginning a career

as a cub reporter at the New York Post.

As weeks ticked by and I moved

inexplicably from violence to catatonia,

$1 million worth of blood tests and brain

scans revealed nothing. The exhausted

doctors were ready to commit me to the

psychiatric ward, in effect condemning me

to a lifetime of institutions, or death,

until Dr. Souhel Najjar joined my team.

www.susannahcahalan.com

Page 17: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN Titulaer et al., Lancet Neurology 2013

Anti-NMDA-Rezeptor Enzephalitis

Patientenalter bei Erkrankungsbeginn

Page 18: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN Titulaer et al., Lancet Neurology 2013

Anti-NMDA Rezeptor Enzephalitis

Erste Symptome der Patienten

Page 19: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN Titulaer et al., American Academy of Neurology´s annual meeting 2012, abstract

Anti-NMDA Rezeptor Enzephalitis

Klinische Merkmale, Behandlung u. Prognose von 500 Patienten

~75% der Patienten zeigen eine vollständige /weitgehende Verbesserung

Genesungsprozess kann > 24 Monate dauern

Outcome ist abhängig von

- Verzögerung bei der Behandlung

- Schwere der Erkrankung

Wenn 1st line Immuntherapie (Steroide, IVIg u/o Plasmapherese) fehlschlägt,

ist eine 2nd line Behandlung (Rituximab o Cyclophosphamid) meist effektiv.

Rückfälle in 14%, 73% davon bei Patienten ohne Tumor

Page 20: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Referenzmethode: Radioimmun-Assay (RIA)

Dendrotoxin bindet an Kv1.1, Kv1.2 und Kv1.6

Kv-assoziierte Proteine: LGI1, CASPR2, weitere...

Antikörper gegen Spannungsabhängige

Kaliumkanäle (VGKC)

Diagnostisch wegweisend bei:

• Limbischer Enzephalitis

• Neuromyotonie

• Morvan‘s Syndrom

Page 21: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Die Mehrheit der VGKC Antikörper richtet sich

gegen komplexierte Proteine

80 %

17 %

3 %

„VGKC-Komplex

Antikörper“

o LGI1

o CASPR2

o unbekannte Antigene

o Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.6

Irani et al., Brain 2010

Page 22: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Laboratoriumsdiagnostik

von Antikörpern gegen Oberflächenantigene

Page 23: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Cerebellum

Charakteristische Muster, jedoch nicht spezifisch!

→ monospezifische Assays notwendig

Immunhistochemie (IHC)

Hippocampus

Page 24: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Wandinger et al., J Lab Med 2011

Page 25: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Wandinger et al., J Lab Med 2011

Cyclophosphamide

Rituximab

Plasmapheresis

Page 26: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Verlaufsuntersuchungen sinnvoll ?

• Antikörpertiter im Liquor, nicht Serum, korrelieren mit Aktivität

• Antikörpersistenz im Serum

Frechette et al., Neurology 2011

Hansen et al., Arch. Neurol. 2012

• Persistenz der intrathekalen NMDAR-Antikörper Synthese

Alexopoulos et al., J. Neurol. 2011

Akute NMDAR Enzephalitis:

Remission:

Page 27: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Verlaufsuntersuchungen sinnvoll ?

• Antikörpertiter im Liquor, nicht Serum, korrelieren mit Aktivität

• Antikörpersistenz im Serum

Frechette et al., Neurology 2011

Hansen et al., Arch. Neurol. 2012

• Persistenz der intrathekalen NMDAR-Antikörper Synthese

Alexopoulos et al., J. Neurol. 2011

Klinik entscheidend!

Akute NMDAR Enzephalitis:

Remission:

Page 28: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN Hansen H-C et al., JAMA Neurol 2013;70:117-9.

Nachweis von NMDAR Antikörpern 16 Jahre

nach Präsentation der Symtome

Page 29: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Serum:

Hu, Yo, Ri, Ma, CV2, Amphiphysin, Recoverin, SOX1,

Zic4, Tr, PCA-2, ANNA-3 Intrazelluläre-Antigene

Laboranforderung: Serum oder Liquor?

AQP4 Oberflächen-Antigen

Liquor und Serum:

NMDAR, GABABR, AMPAR, LGI1, CASPR2, GAD

Oberflächen-Antigene

Page 30: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Zusammenfassung

o Diagnostikstrategie:

Antikörper gegen Oberflächenantigene

IIFT (Gewebe und/oder RC-IIFT)

o Untersuchungsmaterial:

Liquor und Serum (ANSA, GAD)

o ANSA sind häufiger als klassische PNS Ak - Differentialdiagnose

neurologischer, psychatrischer und pädiatrischer Krankheitsbilder

o Multiparametrische Testung ist klinisch notwendig

Page 31: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

NMDAR + CASPR2

0,9%

NMDAR + GABAB

0,9%

Neuropil / classical

(NMDAR + Hu)

1,9% classical / classical

(Hu + CV2) 2,8%

Neuropil / Neuropil Anti-Hu

5,6% Anti-Yo

8,2%

Anti-Ri

9,3%

Anti-Ma

1,9%

Anti-CV2

3,7%

Anti-Amphiphysin

0,9%

Anti-PCA2 0,9%

Anti-NMDAR

38%

Anti-AMPAR

0%

Anti-GABAB 2,8%

Anti-LGI1

11,1%

Anti-CASPR2

11,1%

Häufigkeit von Autoantikörpern

n=108 Patienten

Page 32: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

NMDAR + CASPR2

0,9%

NMDAR + GABAB

0,9%

Neuropil / classical

(NMDAR + Hu)

1,9% classical / classical

(Hu + CV2) 2,8%

Neuropil / Neuropil Anti-Hu

5,6% Anti-Yo

8,2%

Anti-Ri

9,3%

Anti-Ma

1,9%

Anti-CV2

3,7%

Anti-Amphiphysin

0,9%

Anti-PCA2 0,9%

Anti-NMDAR

38%

Anti-AMPAR

0%

Anti-GABAB 2,8%

Anti-LGI1

11,1%

Anti-CASPR2

11,1%

Häufigkeit von Autoantikörpern

31% der Ergebnisse weichen ab von der Anforderung!

Page 33: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Weitere spezifische Antikörper…

Antikörper gegen Klinisches Syndrom Paraneoplastische Fälle

GlyR Stiff-Person Syndrom, PERM +/- Hodgkin-Lymphom

mGluR1 Cerebellitis +/- Hodgkin-Lymphom

mGluR5 Ophelia-Syndrom Hodgkin-Lymphom

Dopamin(D2)R Basalganglien-Enzephalitis, Chorea

Sydenham -

DPPX (Kv4.2) Enzephalitis, prodromale Diarrhoe -

Page 34: Differentialdiagnostik autoimmuner ZNS-Erkrankungen · as a cub reporter at the New York Post. As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth

EUROIMMUN

Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit