Digital Media Introduction SM1001 Digital Media, Semester A, 2010 School of Creative Media © Week 02, 2011

Digital MediaDigital MediaIntroductionIntroduction

SM1001 Digital Media, Semester A, 2010School of Creative Media ©

Week 02, 2011

TeachersTeachers

Mr. Ryan Lam Website: http://sweb.cityu.edu.hk/smying/sm1001 Email: [email protected]

Course ComponentsCourse Components

LecturesLectures

TutorialTutorial

Individual/Group AssignmentsIndividual/Group Assignments

Final ExaminationFinal Examination

Lectures and TutorialsLectures and Tutorials

LecturesLectures:: C01: C01:

Wednesday: 3:30 pm - 5:20 pm (CMC M4003)Wednesday: 3:30 pm - 5:20 pm (CMC M4003)

Tutorial SectionsTutorial Sections : : L01: L01:

Wednesday: 1:30 pm - 3:20 pm (CMC M7062)Wednesday: 1:30 pm - 3:20 pm (CMC M7062)

L02: L02: Monday: 1:30 pm - 3:20 pm (CMC M7062)Monday: 1:30 pm - 3:20 pm (CMC M7062)

AssessmentAssessment

Assignments: total mark 40%

Participation: 20% 1% for each lecture 1% for each tutorial session

Final Examination: 40%

What to Expect from SM1001What to Expect from SM1001

In this course you’ll be introduced to In this course you’ll be introduced to several major topics in digital media (it is a several major topics in digital media (it is a very big world). very big world).

E.g. Computer Hardware, digital image, E.g. Computer Hardware, digital image, Internet, Web Design, Programming, Internet, Web Design, Programming, Games, Computer Vision, etc.Games, Computer Vision, etc.

You and Technology: You and Technology: a gentle starta gentle start

A fact of life: A fact of life: We are living the information era!We are living the information era!

We are users of digital technology:We are users of digital technology: Computers, mobile phones, and PDAs, etc.Computers, mobile phones, and PDAs, etc.

But for a media professional being a naive But for a media professional being a naive user is not enough in this competitive era: user is not enough in this competitive era:

You have to be one step of ahead!You have to be one step of ahead!

What is your Digital Life Style?What is your Digital Life Style?

““Digital” Life StyleDigital” Life Style

Online news/WebRadioOnline news/WebRadio e-Booke-Book Youtube.comYoutube.com BT/FoxyBT/Foxy Online Shopping (e.g eBay)Online Shopping (e.g eBay) Online Booking…etcOnline Booking…etc PC Game/Online GamePC Game/Online Game Make FriendMake Friend Search for beautiful bodiesSearch for beautiful bodies

and Farming…and Farming…

Example 1: Communication Example 1: Communication

EmailEmail BlogBlog SkypeSkype ICQ/MSN/QQICQ/MSN/QQ FacebookFacebook TwitterTwitter iPhoneiPhone Smart PhoneSmart Phone ……etcetc

Example 2: Example 2: Digital SoundDigital Sound

MP3MP3 MIDIMIDI

Example 3: Digital ImageExample 3: Digital Image

Example 4: Digital MovieExample 4: Digital Movie



Analog vs DigitalAnalog vs Digital

AnalogueAnalogue forms are natural to humans: the forms are natural to humans: the images and sounds we hear are in images and sounds we hear are in analogue form.analogue form.

DigitalDigital forms are natural only to a digital forms are natural only to a digital computing device: it handles only bits and computing device: it handles only bits and bytes. bytes.

Analog vs DigitalAnalog vs Digital

Important factsImportant facts::

Digital format is useful only to a digital device, Digital format is useful only to a digital device, such as a computer, an MP3 player, or a such as a computer, an MP3 player, or a digital camera.digital camera.

What we see and hear are reconstructed What we see and hear are reconstructed analogue signalsanalogue signals which have been converted which have been converted from from digital formatdigital format to their analogue to their analogue equivalentequivalent (but not exact!) (but not exact!)

Analog vs DigitalAnalog vs Digital All stories were told in All stories were told in analoganalog form. form.

AnalogAnalog is perhaps the most natural form of expression is perhaps the most natural form of expression which includeswhich includes Songs/musicSongs/music SculpturesSculptures BuildingsBuildings PaintingsPaintings DancingDancing DramaDrama CookingCooking Natural sceneries: mountains, ocean waves, trees…Natural sceneries: mountains, ocean waves, trees…

Digital TechnologyDigital Technology

Most media are moving to Most media are moving to digital formdigital form:: MusicMusic PhotographyPhotography Movies Movies AnimationAnimation GamesGames E-bookE-book Communication/NetworkingCommunication/Networking WWWWWW Interactive MediaInteractive Media Digital TV/CinemaDigital TV/Cinema

Digital TechnologyDigital Technology

Why use digital technology? There are Why use digital technology? There are four major reasons:four major reasons:

1.1. Easier to manage (size, search, sort…etc), Easier to manage (size, search, sort…etc),

2.2. Easier to edit,Easier to edit,

3.3. Easier to maintain content quality,Easier to maintain content quality,

4.4. Easier to move between media.Easier to move between media.

Media: Continuous and DiscreteMedia: Continuous and Discrete

Media have both Media have both analogue (continuous)analogue (continuous) and and digital forms (discrete).digital forms (discrete).

Digital representations are based on Digital representations are based on discrete units in both space and time.discrete units in both space and time.


Continuous (Continuous (analogueanalogue):): everything can be divided into everything can be divided into smaller and smaller parts, e.g.,smaller and smaller parts, e.g.,

water can be divided into smaller water can be divided into smaller and smaller quantities.and smaller quantities.

New things can made by simply New things can made by simply mixing together existing things, mixing together existing things, e.g.,e.g., Soft drinks, such as punch/cocktail Soft drinks, such as punch/cocktail

is a mix of different liquids.is a mix of different liquids.

Example: Analog clocksExample: Analog clocks

Analog clocks usually indicate time using angles

Example: SundialExample: Sundial

Sundial tracks the sun continuously, registering the time by the shadow position of its gnomon

Example: Analog Example: Analog ComputerComputer

An analog computer is a form of computer that uses the continuously-changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical or mechanical quantities to model the problem being solved.

oscilloscope

Example: Analog Example: Analog Calculators Calculators Abacus Abacus 算盘算盘

The abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used primarily in parts of Asia for performing arithmetic processes

Good Link: http://www.abacus.org.hk/

Example: Analog Example: Analog photographyphotography

(Film)(Film)

Analog photography is a term for photography using a progressively changing recording medium, which may be based either on a chemical process (e.g., photographic film or plate) or electronic means (e.g., using a CCD sensor).

Example: Analog Example: Analog recordingrecording

vinyl record 黑膠

Compact Cassette

60-minutes playing time

Example: Analog Example: Analog recordingrecording

Video cassette recorder Radio

Example: Analog TVExample: Analog TV


Discrete (digital)Discrete (digital): everything built from : everything built from primitive building blocks;primitive building blocks;

small set of primitive units used to small set of primitive units used to construct everythingconstruct everything


Binary signals

Digital Audio are constructed by a set of binary signals—‘on/off’ pulses


PixelImage are constructed pixel-by-pixel


Frame

Movies are constructed frame-by-frame

What is digital mediaWhat is digital media (Discrete data)(Discrete data)??

DigitalDigital: Method of representing information using : Method of representing information using "1" and "0" numbers "1" and "0" numbers

01010111010101 01010111010101 The digital information The digital information

MediaMedia: materials such as VHS, DVDs, films, : materials such as VHS, DVDs, films, audiotapes and CDs, that require special audiotapes and CDs, that require special equipment to be used. equipment to be used.

In a word, In a word, digital mediadigital media just is a digital just is a digital version version of media.of media.


For media professionals working with For media professionals working with digital data means manipulating digital data means manipulating bits and bits and bytes bytes with with digital toolsdigital tools: a computing : a computing device ( e.g.a computer) and application device ( e.g.a computer) and application software.software.


Digital media is Digital media is discretediscrete: we divide (discretize) : we divide (discretize) an analogue media into small units according to an analogue media into small units according to a standard established, accepted internationally. a standard established, accepted internationally.

Two possible Two possible discretizationdiscretization::

Spatial divisionSpatial division: e.g. divide an image into a number of : e.g. divide an image into a number of small units which we call small units which we call pixelspixels..

Temporal divisionTemporal division: represent the media at fixed points : represent the media at fixed points in time.in time.

Analogue Analogue Digital Digital

Digital format is purposefully created Digital format is purposefully created artifactsartifacts::

The information is called The information is called analog signalanalog signal or or datadata which which have to go through the following three stages:have to go through the following three stages:

SamplingSampling (chop the analogue data into pieces); (chop the analogue data into pieces); QuantizationQuantization (assign a numeric value for each piece); (assign a numeric value for each piece); BinarizationBinarization (turn the numeric value into 0’s and 1’s). (turn the numeric value into 0’s and 1’s).

Let’s look at an example: voice signalsLet’s look at an example: voice signals

Example 1: SoundExample 1: Sound

The sound of “Hello!”

A Sentence

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Time (msecs)

Am

plitu

de

“A sailboat may have a bone in her teeth one minute and lie becalmed the next.”

Sampled Signal

SamplingSampling

Time

Magnitude

Analog Signal

QuantizationQuantization and and BinarizationBinarization

Quantized SignalTime

Magnitude: quantized levels

75 = 1001011

BinarizationBinarization

QuantizationQuantization

Digital Media: How does it work?Digital Media: How does it work?

Music

MP3

Music

SamplingSampling Reconstruction

Original Analogue signal

Reconstructedequivalent

QuantizationQuantization,BinarizationBinarization

Example 2: Digital ImageExample 2: Digital Image

With digital technology, With digital technology, we can paint completely we can paint completely on the computer:on the computer:

No paper wastedNo paper wasted No real paint wastedNo real paint wasted A digital image is A digital image is

constructed by a constructed by a number of pixelsnumber of pixels

0x1BEE1A (RGB)

http://gotbill.net/rgb2hex.htm

Freedom to ChangeFreedom to Change

With computers, you can make changes at With computers, you can make changes at will; for example to change the color tone, will; for example to change the color tone, you may just click a button;you may just click a button;

It gives you a greater ability and freedom It gives you a greater ability and freedom for artistic expression.for artistic expression.

Freedom to experimentFreedom to experiment

Sometimes digital Sometimes digital paintings give you the paintings give you the extra ability to extra ability to experimentexperiment with some with some different ideas you’ve different ideas you’ve never tried…never tried…


Movies have been moving to digital form for over 20 Movies have been moving to digital form for over 20 years.years.

Some new releases are all digital - Some new releases are all digital - Star WarsStar Wars - no film - no film involved.involved.

Digital cinemas.Digital cinemas.

Director George Lucas and the Sony 24p digital camera he used to shoot 20th Century Fox's Star Wars: :Episode II - Attack of the Clones - 2002

Why Digital Movie?Why Digital Movie?

Movies in digital form:Movies in digital form: easier to editeasier to edit easier to produce special effectseasier to produce special effects easy to preview, no film to developeasy to preview, no film to develop easier to distribute: CDs, DVDs, the easier to distribute: CDs, DVDs, the

Internet, wireless.Internet, wireless.

Digital MovieDigital Movie

Final Fantasy

Digital Movie: Computer GraphicDigital Movie: Computer Graphic

SummarySummary

There are 3 main digital media:There are 3 main digital media:1.1. Digital SoundDigital Sound

2.2. Digital ImageDigital Image

3.3. Digital VideoDigital Video

SummarySummary

Media have both Media have both analogue (continuous)analogue (continuous) and and digital forms (discrete).digital forms (discrete).

Digital representations are based on discrete units Digital representations are based on discrete units in both space and time.in both space and time.

Digital formsDigital forms are natural only to a digital are natural only to a digital computing device: it handles only bits and bytes. computing device: it handles only bits and bytes.

Analogue formsAnalogue forms are natural to humans: the are natural to humans: the images and sounds we see/hear are in analogue images and sounds we see/hear are in analogue form.form.

Documents

Digital Media Introduction SM1001 Digital Media, Semester A, 2010 School of Creative Media © Week 02, 2011