Upload
krall
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
1/19
Written By Matt Angwin
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
2/19
Report on
Digital Media
Submitted to
Avon Barksdale
President of Bioware Technological Research Facility
Maryland, Baltimore
July 24th, 2007
By
Matthew AngwinHead of the Black Mesa Research Facility
Nevada, Mexico
Contents2
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
3/19
(1.0) Executive Summary ...4
(2.0) Audio .. 5
(2.1) Audio Introduction .....5(2.2) Audio Hardware ..5(2.3) Recorders .6(2.4) Audio Editing ...7(2.5) Production
...7(2.6) Delivery .7(2.7) File Types .8(2.8) Benefits .9(2.9) Future .9
(3.0) Video 10
(3.1) Video Introduction .10(3.2) Applications 10(3.3) Video Hardware .10(3.4) Delivery 11(3.5) Video Software .12(3.6) Benefits ..12(3.7) Future ..13
(4.0) Photography 14
(4.1) Photography Introduction ..14
3
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
4/19
(4.2) Photography Hardware ..14(4.3) Delivery ..15(4.4) Photography Software ..
15(4.5) Editing 16(4.6) Benefits ..16(4.7) Future 16
(5.0) Report Conclusion .17
(6.0) References ..18
Executive SummaryThis report is an analysis of digital media services that are expanding all over thebusiness world. These services include podcasts, online advertising and video features.
The digital media world will continue to grow steadily, that by the year 2015, over 52
million households will be exposed to daily digital media services. The keys to success
will be subscriptions, ad targeting, and monetising the many ways that digital media
will be consumed.
4
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
5/19
Digital Audio
(2.0)
Introduction
(2.1)
Digital audio uses digital signals for sound reproduction. This includes analogue-to-
digital conversion, digital-to-analogue conversion, storage, and transmission. Digital
audio has emerged because of its usefulness in the recording, manipulation, mass-
production and distribution of sound. Modern distribution of music across the Internet
through on-line stores depends on digital recording and digital compression
algorithms. Distribution of audio as data files rather than as physical objects has
significantly reduced costs of distribution. (1)
Audio Hardware
(2.2)
5
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
6/19
As audio advances, more and more hardware becomes available for it. In recent years,
audio players have become increasingly popular with the general population. These
audio players include: Flash-Based Players, Hard-Drive Based Players and MP3 CD
Players.
Flash-based Players
Fig 1. MP3 Fig 2. Ipod
These are solid-state devices that hold digital audio files on internal or external media,
such as memory cards. Due to technological limitations, these are relatively low-
storage devices, commercially ranging from 128MB to 8GB, such as the second-
generation iPod nano, the SanDisk Sansa series of players. (2)
Hard-Drive Based Players
Fig 4. LifeBox Hard Drive
Hard Drive-based Players or Digital Jukeboxes aredevices that read digital audiofiles from a hard drive. These players have higher capacities, ranging from 1.5GB
to 160GB, depending on the hard drive technology. (2)
6
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
7/19
MP3 CD Players
Fig 4. MP3 CD Player
MP3 CD Player devices are that can play audio files from a CD-ROM in addition to
audio CDs. It uses a lossy compression algorithm that is designed to greatly reduce theamount of data required to represent the audio recording, yet still sound like a faithful
reproduction of the original uncompressed audio to most listeners.(2)
Recorders
(2.3)
Microphone (Mic)
The microphone is a device used for recording different types of audio. This devicehas become increasingly popular in recent years, as it makes recording and editing
easier.
Fig 5. Recorder Fig 6. Shure SM58 Mic
Audio Editing(2.4)
In recent years, with the growing popularity of GNU/Linux, a number of Open Source
software projects have sprung up in order to develop an open source audio editing
program. This movement has been bolstered recently by the development of ALSA,
and the Linux low latency kernel patch, which allow the GNU/Linux Operating
System to achieve audio processing performance equal to that of commercial operating
systems. The multi-platform package Audacity is currently the most fully featured free
software audio editor. (5) Other editing software include Quickaudio, Goldwave,
Soundbooth and Wavesurfer.
7
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
8/19
Production(2.5)
With the advancements within the Digital Audio world, production in this field has
never been more popular, with the development of Podcasting and Studio Sound, etc.
It is becoming easier for the average person to create and access such material, and itwill only grow stronger as time continues.
Delivery(2.6)
Optical Disk
Fig 7. Optical Disk
In computing, sound reproduction, and video, an optical disc is a flat, circular, usually
polycarbonate disc whereon data is stored in the form of pits (or bumps) within a flat
surface, usually along a single spiral groove that covers the entire recorded surface of
the disc. This data is generally accessed when a special material on the disc (often
aluminium) is illuminated with a laser diode. (1)
InternetAs the Internets community increases, more and more people are using it to transfer,
record and edit their audio. At the present day, the Internet is the most effective way to
transfer audio.
BroadbandBroadband in telecommunications is a term, which refers to a signalling method,
which includes or handles a relatively wide range of frequencies, which may be
divided into channels, or frequency bins. The wider the bandwidth, greater is the
information carrying capacity. In radio, for example, a very narrow-band signal will
carry Morse code; a broader band will carry speech; a still broader band is required tocarry music without losing the high audio frequencies required for realistic sound
reproduction.
Flash Memory
Fig 8. DiskGo Flash Fig 9. 2.0GB Flash
8
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
9/19
Flash memory is non-volatile computer memory that can be electrically erased and
reprogrammed. It is a technology that is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash
drives (thumb drives, handy drive, memory stick, flash stick, jump drive), which are
used for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital
products. Examples of applications include PDAs and laptop computers, digital audio
players, digital cameras and mobile phones. (3)
File Types(2.7)
There are a handful of audio file types you should be familiar with if you are planning
to copy music off the Internet or even copy a CD. (1)
Waveform Audio (.wav)
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (.mp3)
Windows Media Audio (.wma)
Benefits(2.8)
As digital audio players have spread, new uses have been found for them. This
includes podcasting, which are radio-like programs, or even TV-like video feeds, are
automatically downloaded into the device to be played at the owners convenience. As
the years progress, it is becoming easier to effectively use digital audio to our
advantage. (1)
Future(2.9)
New digital audio services like satellite radio, online radio, HD radio, and podcasting
with new subscription and data service business models are changing the way
consumers listen to radio. All four digital audio markets will grow steadily by 2010,
20.1 million households will listen to satellite radio and 12.3 million households will
synchronize podcasts to their MP3 players. Broadcasters and music labels must learn
to deal with this new, fragmented audience. The keys to success will be subscriptions,
ad targeting, and monetizing the many ways that digital audio will be consumed. (4)
9
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
10/19
Digital Video(3.0)
Introduction(3.1)Digital video is a type of video recording system that works by using a digital, rather
than analog, representation of the video signal. This generic term is not to be confused
with the name DV, which is a specific type of digital video targeted at the consumer
market. Digital video is most often recorded on tape, and then distributed on optical
discs, usually DVDs. There are exceptions, such as camcorders that record directly to
DVDs, Digital8 camcorders which encode digital video on conventional analog tapes,
and other high-end camcorders which record digital video on hard disks or flash
memory. (4)
Applications(3.2)
Digital video is more easily manipulated than analogue video. Digital video can be
duplicated without loss of quality, which is important for editing applications. The
ability to easily store and transmit digital video. The low bandwidth requirements of
digital video also makes it easy to store and digital video can be stored on compact
disc. (1)
10
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
11/19
Video Hardware(3.3)
Cameras Phones
Fig 10. Camera Fig 11. Film Camera Fig 12. Camera Phone Fig 13. Camera Phone
Delivery(3.4)
Analog tape formats
Analog tapes are often referred to as a dead technology as Digital tape and Optical
disc continue to increase in popularity. Although still popular for home recording, the
VHS tape has largely been replaced by DVD for pre-recorded home video content.
VHS betacamvideo8
Fig 14. VHS Fig 15. BetaCam Fig 16. Video8
Optical disc storage formats
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) is a popular optical discstorage media format that can be used for data storage, including movies with high
11
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
12/19
video and audio quality. DVDs are modelled in size after the compact disc (i.e.
diameter: 120 mm or 4.72 in, occasionally 80 mm or 3.15 in.); both are optical storage
media so similar that a DVD reader or writer can usually read CDs, but DVDs are
encoded in a different format of much greater density, allowing a data storage capacity
8 times greater. (3)
HD DVD, or High-Definition DVD is a high-density optical disc format designed for
the storage of data and high-definition video. HD DVD has a single-layer capacity of
15 GB and a dual-layer capacity of 30 GB; the HD DVD-RAM has a single-layer
capacity of 20 GB and a dual-layer capacity ofUndecided. (3)
A Blu-ray Disc is a high-density optical disc format for the storage of digital media,
including high-definition videoBecause of its shorter wavelength (405 nm),
substantially more data can be stored on a Blu-ray Disc than on the DVD format,which uses a red, 650 nm laser. A single layer Blu-ray Disc can store 25 gigabytes
(GB), over five times the size of a single layer DVD at 4.7 GB. A dual layer Blu-ray
Disc can store 50 GB, almost 6 times the size of a dual layer DVD at 8.5 GB. (3)
Software(3.5)
After Effects 7
After Effects uses a system of layers organized on a timeline to create composites fromstill images and motion footage, such as video files. Properties such as position and
opacity can be controlled independently for each layer, and each layer can have effects
applied. After Effects is often described as the Photoshop of video, because its
flexibility allows compositors to alter video in any way they see fit, as Photoshop does
for images. (2)
Premiere Pro 2Adobe Premiere Pro, formerly known as Adobe Premiere, is a real-time, timeline
based video editing software application. It is part of the Adobe Creative Suite, a suite
of graphic design, video editing, and web development applications made by Adobe
Systems.
12
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
13/19
Benefits(3.6)
Analogue video recording is a mature technology and has almost reached limits
determined by the laws of physics. Digital video technology has the potential to
achieve much higher levels of quality and the technology is being improved at anincreasing rate. But digital video does more than provide better pictures than analogue.
It has a number of unique properties that make possible applications that could not be
realised using analogue video. Firstly, digital video can be manipulated more easily
than analogue video. In addition to this, digital video can be stored on random access
media, whereas analogue video is generally stored sequentially on magnetic tape. This
random access allows for interactivity, since individual video frames are addressable
and can be accessed quickly. Finally, video in digital form can be transmitted across
channels unavailable to analogue video. The applications unique to digital video rely,
to varying degrees, on these properties. (1)
Future(3.7)
As the popularity for digital video increases, so will the technology for it. Exciting
new applications become possible when video becomes part of products, which in the
past, have been unable to incorporate video systems. The applications for video go far
beyond mere playback of existing content. With advanced processing technology, not
only is a higher quality user experience possible, so is a whole new range of
innovative applications where the device itself is able to intelligently use video to
improve quality of service, operating reliability and user safety. Consider a whole new
world enabled by digital video technology.
13
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
14/19
Digital Photography(4.0)
Introduction(4.1)
Digital Photography, as opposed to film photography, uses electronic devices to record
and capture the image as binary data. This facilitates storage and editing of the images
on personal computers, and also the ability to show and delete unsuccessful images
immediately on the camera or software itself. Digital cameras now outsell film
cameras and include features that are not found in film cameras such as the ability to
shoot video and record audio. Some other devices, such as mobile phones, includedigital photography features. (1)
Digital Photography Hardware(4.2)
For several decades, the film cameras dominated the photography market, the ability
to simply take photos with the camera and take them to a film developer became an
everyday thing. Although in recent years, film cameras have become less popular as
the digital camera took its place, as well as cameras being installed within most
common mobile phones. (1)
Film Cameras Digital Cameras
Fig 17. Film Camera Fig 18. Film Camera Fig 19. Digital Camera Fig 20. Digital Camera
Camera Phones
14
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
15/19
Fig 21. Camera Phone
Delivery(4.3)
A large variety of data storage device formats are used in consumer digital cameras:
Secure Digital card (SD)
CompactFlash (CF-I and CF-II)
Memory Stick
MultiMediaCard (MMC)
SmartMedia
xD-Picture Card (xD)
USB flash drive
Software(4.4)
As digital photography increases in popularity, more and more software has become
available for the general public. The different types of software enable the user to
make changes to his/her photos using a PC.
Examples of such software include:
15
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
16/19
Auto FX Software, allows the user to adjust the lighting and shading within the
desired photo, thus allowing the user to create the feel and tone they wish.
BlackMagic, which allows the user to change black and white photos to colour and
vice versa.
Editing
(4.5)
The most powerful program for editing photos is Adobes Photoshop. Unfortunately,
its very expensive. The good news is that there is a less expensive version called
Photoshop Elements, which has nearly all of features of the full version is can be
downloaded for a free trial. An increasingly intriguing alternative is the The Gimp.
The Gimp is a freeware alternative to Photoshop that runs on Windows, Unix and
MacOS X. This is a complex program and the Windows version may not be
completely bug free. (1)
Benefits
(4.6)
Cost: Every film shot involves film and development costs even if you dont
print. If you use rechargeable batteries, then each unprinted digital shot is
essentially free since the cost in electricity and reduction in lifetime battery
capacity is attitude zero.
Time: If you like to share your photos through email or web based galleries, it
is easier and faster if you start with digital in the first place.
Instant gratification: You can view your results immediately.
Learning: Since you see your results immediately, you can learn from yourmistakes faster.
Size: Digital cameras are available in a wide range of form factors, some of
which can be smaller and more convenient than film cameras.
No need to change film: You can fit many times more shots on a large memory
card than you can on a large roll of film, and you dont need to change memory
cards to change ISO. (1)
Future(4.7)
16
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
17/19
Despite technological advances, a few negatives remain: You may make a larger initial
investment to get a digital camera instead of a film camera, and your cost per print
may be higher especially if you are printing on an inkjet printer at home. However,
this is often offset by the fact that you save money by only printing the shots that you
really want. Finally, digital can be less forgiving than film in some ways.
Report Conclusion(5.0)
Through this report, I have concluded that if your company wishes to stay ahead of the
competition, more Digital Media elements are needed. Many companies use a
combination of Audio, Video and Photography within their organization in order tohelp them expand. In conclusion of this report it is highly recommended that your
company try to expand more into the digital media community in order to evolve your
company for the coming years.
17
8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
18/19
ReferencesAudio
1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio - Visited
24/07/072.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_player - Visited
24/07/073.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_drives - Visited 24/07/074.
http://www.forrester.com/Research/Document/Excerpt/0,7211,36428,00.html - Visited 03/08/07
5.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_editing - Visited
24/07/07
Video
1.http://www.newmediarepublic.com/dvideo/compression/ad
v01.html- Visited 01/08/07
2.http://focus.ti.com/lit/ml/spry066/spry066.pdf- Visited
01/08/073.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc - Visited01/08/07
4.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_video - Visited
01/08/07
Photography
18
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_driveshttp://www.forrester.com/Research/Document/Excerpt/0,7211,36428,00.htmlhttp://www.forrester.com/Research/Document/Excerpt/0,7211,36428,00.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_editinghttp://www.newmediarepublic.com/dvideo/compression/adv01.htmlhttp://www.newmediarepublic.com/dvideo/compression/adv01.htmlhttp://focus.ti.com/lit/ml/spry066/spry066.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_dischttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_driveshttp://www.forrester.com/Research/Document/Excerpt/0,7211,36428,00.htmlhttp://www.forrester.com/Research/Document/Excerpt/0,7211,36428,00.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_editinghttp://www.newmediarepublic.com/dvideo/compression/adv01.htmlhttp://www.newmediarepublic.com/dvideo/compression/adv01.htmlhttp://focus.ti.com/lit/ml/spry066/spry066.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_dischttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_video8/15/2019 Digital Media Report ( Ma )
19/19
1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography - Visited 06/08/07
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography