Name ________________________________________ Date _________ Class ________ __

Physical Geography of Latin America

DiHerentiated Instruction

The Andean Countries The Andes mountain ranges in western South America dominate the

countries of Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile. The Andes affect the natural resources and economies of each country in different ways. The table below provides facts for each Andean country.

Bolivia Chile Colombia Ecuador

Terrain Rugged Andes Low coastal Flat coastal Coastal plain (from with a highland mountains; lowlands; (costa); Andean western plateau (Alti- fertile central central high- central high-to eastern plano); east- valley; rugged lands and lands (sierra);

side of ern hills and Andes in east Andes cordillera; flat to rolling country) lowland plains eastern lowland eastern rain

of the Amazon plains forest Basin (oriente)

Highest Nevado Sajama Nevado Ojos Pico Cristobal Chimborazo Elevation (21,463 ft.) del Salado Colon (20,561 ft.)

(22,572 ft.) (18,947 ft.)

Natural Tin, natural Copper, tim- Petroleum, Petroleum, Resources gas, petroleum, ber, iron ore, natural gas, coal, fish, timber, (in order zinc, tungsten, nitrates, pre- iron ore, nickel, hydropower of great- antimony, cious metals, gold, copper, est to least silver, iron ore, molybdenum, emeralds, amount) lead, gold, hydropower hydropower

timber, hydropower

Percent 2.78% 2.62% 2.01 % 5.71% of Arable Land

Natural Flooding in Severe earth- Volcanic erup- Frequent Hazards the northeast quakes, active tions, occasional earthquakes,

(March- April) volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, vol-tsunamis periodic canic activity;

droughts floods, periodic droughts

Source: CIA World Factbook.

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, answer these questions.

1. Differentiating How are Ecuador's natural resources different from those in the other Andean nations?

2. Making Inferences Arable land is land that is suitable for farming. Examine the table to find an explanation for why so little arable land exists in the Andean countries.

Peru

Western coastal plain (costa); high, rugged Andes in center (sierra); eastern lowland rain forest of Ama-zon Basin (selva)

Nevado Huascaran (22,205 ft.)

Copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phos-phate, potash, hydropower, natural gas

2.88%

Earthquakes, tsunamis, flood-ing, landslides, mild volcanic activity

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-Teaching Strategies for Different Learning Styles

The following activities are ways the basic lesson can be modified to accommodate students' different learning styles.

English Learners (EL)

The table contains a number of non-English words. Ask EL students to identify them. Then ask them to find at least one source where they might learn how to pronounce these words.

Verbal/Linguistic; Intrapersonal All of the following terms relate to the

physical features and natural resources of the Andean region: cordillera, llanos, altiplano, Titi­caca, sodium nitrate, Tierra del Fuego, landlocked, Atacama, Cape Horn. Ask students to research the terms and write a short story that incorpo­rates all of them.

Visual/Spatial; Interpersonal

Ask pairs of students to create a map of the Andean region. One student will map the physical features and highest elevation points mentioned in the table, as well as major bod­ies of water. The other will indicate where the natural resources listed in the table are located on the map. Remind students to use a map key. Display students' maps throughout the classroom as you study the Andean countries.

Kinesthetic Assign students to construct a terrain map

of one of the Andean countries, using differ­ent materials to represent each region's terrain (e.g., rocks for mountainous regions, sand for deserts, leaves for rain forest areas, and so on).

Verbal/Linguistic Deforestation, soil erosion, and desertifica­

tion are just some of the numerous environ­mental issues facing the Andean region. Ask students to write a magazine article spot­lighting one of these issues. Students' articles should include numerous photos and illus­trations as well as explanations and practical solutions.

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Advanced Learners; Interpersonal

Each year the Andean region suffers from natural disasters. Organize the class into three groups, each of which will prepare an in-class presentation. One group will compile exam­ples of natural disasters in the region, such as floods, earthquakes, and mudflows. The second will discuss the causes- both natural and human-made- of the region's natural disasters. The third will explain measures (such as the Multinational Andean Project) that are being attempted to reduce the impact of natural disasters in the region.

Logical/Mathematical

Ask students to measure the length of the Pacific coastline of each Andean country. Then ask them to analyze the data to make one observation about how access to the sea might affect the economic growth of the various Andean countries.

Below Grade Level Have students create a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to determine in which Andean countries the following natural resources can be found: fish, silver, petroleum, copper, timber, and coal.

Fish Silver Petroleum

Copper Timber Coal