dimensions of OD.ppt

8/14/2019 dimensions of OD.ppt

1/20

What are Organizations?

DEFINED:

1) social entities

2) goal-directed 3) deliberately

structured andcoordinated activity

systems 4) linked to external

environment

CEO

VP Sales VP Production VP Finance


2/20

Types of Organizations

Small / Large

Manufacturing /

Service Domestic /

Multinational

For-profit /Not-for-profit


3/20

Dimensions of Organization

Design 1) Structural

Dimensionsdescribe the internalcharacteristics of anorganization

2) ContextualDimensions

everything thatshapes the structure ofthe organization


4/20

Structural Dimensions

1) Formalization

2) Specialization

3) Hierarchy ofAuthority

4) Centralization

5) Professionalism 6) Personnel Ratios


5/20


1) Formalization:

- the amount of written

documentation in theorganization

- Include procedures,

job descriptions,

regulations, and policy

manuals


6/20


2) Specialization:

- the degree to which

organizational tasksare subdivided into

separate jobs

- Skilled trades often

exhibit a high degree

of specialization


7/20


3) Hierarchy of

Authority:

- describes who reportsto whom and the span

of control of each

manager

- The number of layers

of management: tall

vs. flat organizations


8/20


4) Centralization:

- refers to the

hierarchical level thathas authority to make

a decision

- Centralized decision

making (at top) gives

little discretion to

lower level employees


9/20


5) Professionalism:

- is the level of formal

education and trainingof employees

- accounting firms have a

high level of

professionalism


10/20


6) Personnel Ratios:

- refer to the

deployment of peopleto various functions

and departments

- Measures include

various ratios such as

administrative ratio


11/20

Contextual Dimensions

1) Size

2) Organizational

Technology 3) Environment

4) Goals & Strategy

5) Culture


12/20


1) Size:

- is the organizations

magnitude as reflectedin the number of

people in the

organization

- organization as a

social system


13/20


2) Organizational

Technology

- is the nature of theproduction subsystem

that changes inputs to

outputs

- Includes assembly

lines, classrooms, oil

refineries, etc.


14/20


3) Environment:

- includes all elements

outside the boundariesof the organization

- Includes customers,

suppliers, competitors,

government, etc.


15/20


4) Goals & Strategy:

- define the purpose and

competitive techniquesthat set one

organization apart

from others

- Includes mission

statements and plans

of action


16/20


5) Culture:

- is the underlying set of

key values, beliefs,understandings, and

norms shared by

employees

- May be observed in

stories, symbols,

ceremonies, etc.


17/20


18/20


19/20


20/20

As environments become more

turbulent, organizations change From vertical to horizontal

structures

From routine tasks to

empowered tasks

From formal control to

shared information

From competitive to

collaborative strategy

From rigid to adaptive

control

Documents

dimensions of OD.ppt