WATER SAFETY PLANDOCUMENT

This WSP has been simplifiedand anonymized for learning purposes

Water Safety Plan

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 1

2 WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM.......................................................................................................................... 1

2.1 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CORE WSP TEAM.........................................................................................12.2 WSP TEAM MEMBERSHIP................................................................................................................................2

3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................................. 3

3.1 INTENDED USERS AND USES.............................................................................................................................33.2 DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS..............................................................................................................33.3 SYSTEM DIAGRAMS........................................................................................................................................33.4 GOOGLE IMAGE (AERIAL VIEW) OF THE WATER SUPPLY SCHEME..............................................................................43.5 ADDITIONAL SYSTEM INFORMATION...................................................................................................................5

4 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT........................................................................................6

4.1 KEY TERMINOLOGY.........................................................................................................................................64.2 RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH...........................................................................................................................64.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT..................................................................................................8

5 IMPROVEMENT PLAN................................................................................................................................. 11

6 OPERATIONAL MONITORING...................................................................................................................... 13

6.1 WATER QUALITY TESTING..............................................................................................................................136.2 VISUAL INSPECTIONS....................................................................................................................................14

7 VERIFICATION............................................................................................................................................ 15

7.1 COMPLIANCE MONITORING............................................................................................................................157.2.........................................................................................................................................................................157.3 CONSUMER SATISFACTION.............................................................................................................................167.4 INTERNAL WSP AUDITS................................................................................................................................16

8 MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES..................................................................................................................... 16

8.1 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPS)....................................................................................................168.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN.........................................................................................................................17

9 SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES...................................................................................................................... 17

9.1 OPERATOR TRAINING....................................................................................................................................179.2 COMMUNITY EDUCATION..............................................................................................................................18

10 REVIEW & REVISION................................................................................................................................... 18

10.1 QUARTERLY REVIEW.....................................................................................................................................1810.2 ANNUAL REVIEW.........................................................................................................................................1810.3 POST-INCIDENT REVIEW................................................................................................................................18

1 IntroductionA Water Safety Plan (WSP) is widely considered to be the most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of a drinking water supply. A WSP follows a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply, from catchment to consumer, and it is a valuable tool to help suppliers effectively operate and manage the water supply system.

2 Water Safety Plan Team

2.1 Roles and responsibilities of the core WSP team

Walk the complete system (from catchment to consumer) Develop a detailed system description (including diagrams) Identify relevant hazardous events/hazards and control measures and assess risk Develop and implement an improvement plan Develop and implement monitoring plans Develop standard operating procedures and an emergency response plan Develop and implement supporting programmes (e.g. operator training) Meet at least quarterly to review WSP-related records Review and update the WSP at least annually Maintain records of all WSP-related activities (e.g. monitoring results, meeting minutes)

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2.2 WSP team membership

Name Organization Job title WSP team role/focus

Susan Smith Water supplier Water quality senior manager Chairman

Adam Clark Water supplier Laboratory analyst Water quality monitoring

Jane Doe Water supplier Municipal engineer Abstraction to tap operations and safety

John Parker Water supplier Treatment plant operator Treatment operations and safety

Alison Williams Water supplier Distribution system technician Distribution and storage operations and safety

Amanda Gordon Ministry of Environment Environment officer Catchment management

Jim Nelson Ministry of Health Health officer Compliance monitoring; consumer health

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3 System Description

3.1 Intended users and uses

The water supplied is intended for consumption, food preparation, bathing and laundry. Intended consumers do not include individuals or industries with special water quality needs. These groups are advised to apply additional treatment as appropriate.

3.2 Drinking water quality standards

Drinking water quality shall be in accordance with the national Drinking Water Quality Standards.

3.3 System diagrams

3.4G

oogle image (aerial view) of the water supply scheme

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Blue Stream Water Source

3.5 Additional system information

Type of source (surface water or groundwater) Surface water (Blue Stream)

Number of staff dedicated to water supply system operation and maintenance 3

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Catchment Area & Intake point

Treatment Plant & Clean Water Reservoir

Capacity of source/abstraction infrastructure 300 L/s

General description of catchment Forested with some settlements

Specific catchment activities or developments that may impact water safety (upstream of intake)

Human settlement, agriculture, livestock raising, granite processing, incense factory, farm road construction

Population served by the water supply system Resident Population-5063Floating population-900 approx.

Number of service connections 328 (water meter connected)

Hours of supply (daily) 8

Total consumer demand 2.4 MLD

Description of treatment works Sedimentation, Euro Water treatment and chlorination

Year of construction of the water supply system 2005; sedimentation tank and Euro water filter added in 2012

Capacity of treatment plant 2.4 MLD-Euro Water Treatment Plant

Any known treatment plant issues Unable to treat turbidity >500 NTU during monsoon, insufficient capacity

Distribution pipeline information 500 meters HDP and 3500 meters GI

% non-revenue water (% volume produced lost through leaks, illegal connections, etc.) To be investigated

Any known treated water quality problems (e.g. issues with low chlorine or high microbial counts at certain locations, etc.)

Raw water connected directly to the distribution tank to meet the demandLack of technical capacity of the technician handling the treatment plant

Consumer practices Household storage

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4 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

4.1 Key terminology

A hazard is a biological, chemical or physical agent that has the potential to cause harm. A hazardous event is an event or situation that can introduce a hazard to the water supply

system. Risk is the likelihood that a hazardous event/hazard will occur combined with the severity of

the consequences. Control measures are activities or processes to prevent or reduce a hazardous event/hazard. Validation refers to reviewing evidence to determine whether or not the control measures

can effectively control the hazardous event/hazard.

4.2 Risk assessment approach

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Likelihood level Definition

1 Unlikely Could occur at some time but has not been observed

2 Possible Might occur at some time; has been observed occasionally

3 Most likely Will probably occur in most circumstances; has been observed regularly

Consequence level Definition

1 No/minor impactMinor or negligible impact on water quantity or quality (e.g. aesthetic impact, not health related) for a small percentage of customers; some manageable disruptions to operation; rise in complaints not significant

2 Moderate impactMinor impact on water quantity or quality (e.g. aesthetic impact, not health related) for a large percentage of customers; clear rise in complaints; community annoyance; minor breach of regulatory requirement

3 Major impactMajor water quantity or quality impact; illness in community associated with the water supply; large number of complaints; significant level of customer concern; significant breach of regulatory requirement

4.3

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4.4 Hazard identification and risk assessment

Are controls effective? Risk assessment Additional control needed?

Process Step (catchment, source, treatment plant, etc.)

Hazardous Event (how a hazard could potentially be introduced)

Hazard (microbial, chemical, physical, etc.)

Existing control measures (measure in place to address hazard) Ye

s

No

Som

ewha

t

Validation notes (basis of control measure effectiveness decision)

Like

lihoo

d

Cons

eque

nce

Risk

scor

e

Risk

leve

l

Yes

No

If yes, proposed controls (and Improvement Plan reference number, or IP#)

Catchment Human waste from septic tanks in upstream settlements may wash into stream during flood events

Microbial None N 3 2 6 H Y

Relocation of intake (IP#1); Advocacy and Awareness programme (IP#2)

Indiscriminate dumping of waste from the incense factory may contaminate the stream

Physical and Chemical

None N 2 2 4 M Y

Construct a proper waste disposal site (IP#9)

Source/ Intake

Intake works are vulnerable to damage and blockage by debris during monsoons

Quantity

Low gabion wall, metal strainer at intake

S

In monsoon, intake tank and gabion wall often under water

2 3 6 H Y

Increase the height of river training walls (IP#3)

Lack of fencing and security cover make

Microbial None N 2 2 4 M Y Fence the intake tank and install

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Are controls effective? Risk assessment Additional control needed?

Process Step (catchment, source, treatment plant, etc.)

Hazardous Event (how a hazard could potentially be introduced)

Hazard (microbial, chemical, physical, etc.)

Existing control measures (measure in place to address hazard) Ye

s

No

Som

ewha

t

Validation notes (basis of control measure effectiveness decision)

Like

lihoo

d

Cons

eque

nce

Risk

scor

e

Risk

leve

l

Yes

No

If yes, proposed controls (and Improvement Plan reference number, or IP#)

intake vulnerable to contamination from cattle and bird droppings

light metal mesh over the intake tank (IP#4)

Treatment Plant

Inadequate capacity of the Euro-Water plant to serve the consumers allows only half of the of the supply to be treated to a high standard

Physical, Microbial, None N 2 3 6 H Y

Install additional 1.2 MLD Euro-Water treatment Plant (IP#5)

Operator is not trained/qualified enough to do the job may under dose or over dose chlorine

Chemical and Microbial

None N 2 2 4 M Y

Provide appropriate training to the person responsible (IP#6)

Distribution Leakage of distribution pipes results in water wastage and possible

QuantityMicrobial

Temporary sealing with rubber

S

Visual observation and complaints of leakage

2 2 4 M YReplace the old pipes and unions (IP#7)

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Are controls effective? Risk assessment Additional control needed?

Process Step (catchment, source, treatment plant, etc.)

Hazardous Event (how a hazard could potentially be introduced)

Hazard (microbial, chemical, physical, etc.)

Existing control measures (measure in place to address hazard) Ye

s

No

Som

ewha

t

Validation notes (basis of control measure effectiveness decision)

Like

lihoo

d

Cons

eque

nce

Risk

scor

e

Risk

leve

l

Yes

No

If yes, proposed controls (and Improvement Plan reference number, or IP#)

contaminant ingress

Consumer premises

Improper tank maintenance practices could allow the water to become contaminated prior to consumption (by bird droppings, sediment build-up, algal growth, etc.)

Physical, Microbial

None N 2 2 4 M Y

Educate consumers about proper tank maintenance, including quarterly tank cleaning (IP#8)

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5 Improvement Plan

IP#1 Specific improvement action Relevant hazardous event/hazard Responsible party

Est. budget

(Nu)

Funding source

Due date Status update2

1Relocation of intake point up stream above the settlement

Contamination (Chemical, Physical, Microbial) of the source (Blue Stream) from the settlement in and around the catchment area

Municipal Engineer

25 MRGoB/Donor grant

End of 2025

2Public education for the people living in and around the catchment area

Contamination (Chemical, Physical, Microbial) of the source (Blue Stream) from the settlement in and around the catchment area

Environment Officer & Municipal Engineer

1 M RGoB/Donor Grant

December 2019

3Increasing the height of the river training walls at the intake point

The pipelines at the intake point could be damaged during monsoon (Quantity)

Municipal Engineer

0.5 M RGoBDecember

2024

4Fencing around and putting a light metal mesh over the intake tank and

Accessible to men and animals (Microbial)

Municipal Engineer

0.06 M RGoBDecember

2021

5Installation of additional 1.2 MLD Euro-Water treatment plant

Shortage of clean water to the consumers (Physical and Microbial)

Municipal Engineer

12.97 M RGoB May 2019

1 Improvement Plan reference number from the hazard identification and risk assessment table2 As planned improvements are implemented, they are removed from this Improvement Plan and documented in the “record of completed improvement works” (see Appendix B)

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6Provide training to the technicians to build their capacity

The technician may over dose or under dose chlorine in the water; technician may bypass treatment plant (Chemical, Physical and Microbial)

Municipal Engineer

0.1 M RGoB May 2020

7Replacement of old and damaged distribution pipes

Leakage of water (Quantity)Municipal Engineer

1.0 M RGoBEnd of 2025

8Educate consumers about proper tank maintenance, including quarterly tank cleaning

Improper tank maintenance could allow the water to become contaminated prior to consumption (Physical, Microbial)

Municipal Engineer

0.025 MRGoB May 2019

9

The municipal office shall advise the incense factory management to construct proper waste disposal site in line with the Waste Prevention and Management Act 2009 and the Water Act, 2012.

Indiscriminate dumping of waste from incense factory may contaminate the stream (Physical and Chemical)

The Manager of the factory

Private funding

December 2019

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6 Operational Monitoring Operational monitoring is carried out by the supplier by visual inspection and water quality testing in accordance with the tables below to confirm that key water supply system components and control measures are working effectively.

6.1 Water quality testing

The table below describes the preferred monitoring plan, but monitoring is presently not performed as described due to a lack of testing equipment. As indicated in the improvement plan, equipment and training for test turbidity, chlorine residual and pH are needed before the monitoring plan can be implemented.

Where What When WhoCritical limits (or target range)3

Corrective actions if critical limits exceeded

Source (intake chamber)

Turbidity Seasonally Municipal Technician

Turbidity: <1000 NTU

Technician to divert flood water immediately & suspend raw water harvesting until turbidity level drops below critical limit.

Clearwater tank (outlet)

pH

Weekly Municipal Technician

pH: 6.5-8.5 Technician to investigate change in pH.

Turbidity Turbidity: <5 NTU

Technician to confirm WTP performance and check for leaks/breaks in pipeline.

Cl2Cl2: 0.6-0.8mg/L Technician to check and adjust chlorine dosing as needed.

Customer taps (5 taps each time)

pH

Weekly Municipal Technician

pH: 6.5-8.5 Technician to investigate change in pH.

Turbidity Turbidity: <5 NTU

Technician to confirm WTP performance and check for leaks/breaks in pipeline.

Cl2Cl2: 0.2-0.6 mg/L Technician to check and adjust chlorine dosing as needed.

3 Test results for all treated water must comply with drinking water quality standards (i.e. WHO guidelines)Page 13

6.2 Visual inspections

Visual inspection plan is under development.

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7 Verification Verification is carried out as described below to confirm that drinking water quality standards are being met, consumers are satisfied and the WSP continues to be implemented and updated appropriately.

7.1 Compliance monitoring

Health workers perform water quality testing to confirm compliance with drinking water quality standards in accordance with the table below. It is the responsibility of the supplier to obtain a copy of the compliance monitoring results from the health workers and respond to adverse results as appropriate. (This compliance monitoring programme by health workers complements the operational monitoring programme carried out by the supplier, which is detailed above.)

Sampling frequency: Quarterly

Parameter tested: Fecal coli forms

Target value: 0 cfu/100mL

Sampler: District health technician

Sampling locations:

Intake point, Sedimentation tank, Clean Water Reservoir, Consumer tap (5 randomly selected)

Samples tested at: District health laboratory

7.2

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7.3 Consumer satisfaction

Consumer satisfaction monitoring plan is under development.

7.4 Internal WSP audits

Independent internal audits should be led by the water supplier annually.

8 Management Procedures

8.1 Standard operating procedures (SOPs)

Note that detailed SOPs are under development for key operational tasks and will eventually replace the simplified SOPs outlined below.

Key operational task

Standard operations and maintenance Responsible party

Pressure filter backwashing

Monsoon (Daily) and winter (twice a month)Switch off the raw water pump, close all the inlet & outlet gate valves, and drain out the raw water from the pressure tank. Close drain out valve. Open inlet valve and switch on the blower pump and run for 10 minutes. Switch off the blower pump. Switch on the rinse/backwash pump to wash out the dirt from the tank. Switch off the rinse pump and switch on the raw water pump and open all the inlet or outlet valves.

In-charge and caretaker

Chlorination SOP to be developed when new chlorination system is installed. Operator

Sedimentation tank cleaning

Annually, close the inlet, drain out the water, dry the tank for one day, clean the walls and remove the silt manually. The consumers will be notified through the local TV channel or BBS two days ahead of the tank cleaning date.

Caretaker and municipal technician

Raw water storage tank cleaning

Annually, close the inlet, drain out the water, dry the tank for one day, clean the walls and remove the silt manually. The consumers will be notified through the local TV channel or BBS two days ahead of the tank cleaning date.

-do-

Clear water Reservoir cleaning

Every five years, close the inlet, drain out the water, dry the tank for one day, clean the walls and remove the silt manually. The consumers will be notified through the local TV channel or BBS two days ahead of the tank cleaning date.

-do-

Note: All the tanks will be cleaned on the same day.

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8.2 Emergency response plan

Potential water quality incidents or emergencies (e.g. treatment chemical

overdose, microbiological contamination, etc.)

High dose of chlorineOutbreak of water borne diseasesHigh content of fecal coliform

Persons to be notified (from within the supplier as well as external agencies),

including contact detailsSusan Smith, Water Quality Senior Manager (555 555 5555)

Person responsible for notifying external agencies, including contact

details Jane Doe, Municipal Engineer (555 555 5556)

Plan for disseminating alert to consumers (when necessary), including

responsible parties and method of communication

The Municipal Engineer shall notify the public through local TV channel (TT cable) and the Health Officer will inform the public through the village chiefs.

9 Supporting Programmes

9.1 Operator training

Pressure filters (Euro Water treatment plant)The municipal in-charge is trained on the operating system of the plant by the supplier of the Euro Water treatment plant. The in-charge shall further train his technicians annually (and when there are new recruits or staff turnover). The technicians will be awarded a certificate by the WSP Chairman.

Chlorine dosingTechnicians shall be sent for training at National Training Institue, where the officials from the Ministry of health will provide the training on manual chlorination. The technicians shall be trained whenever there are opportunities. They will be given refresher courses every year and when there is staff turnover. The WSP chairman shall provide the certificate of competency once the training is successfully completed.

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9.2 Community education

Catchment protection educationThe WSP team shall conduct awareness programme for the people living in the catchment area annually. The WSP team will present on the possible contaminants from their activities. The need for proper sanitary toilets and to avoid construction of cattle sheds along the river basin will be stressed more. The provisions of Water Act 2012 shall be made clear to the public.

Consumer educationThe municipal technician and the health officer will educate the consumers on the need to clean up their storage tanks quarterly. The programme will be carried out every two years at the Multi-purpose Hall at the Higher Secondary School. The WSP team shall present and acquaint the consumers on the water supply system of the Municipality. The consumers shall be briefed on the consumer satisfaction form (Appendix C).

10 Review & Revision

10.1 Quarterly review

The WSP team will meet at least quarterly to ensure that the WSP is being carried out as planned and is effective, and the WSP team will keep records/minutes for all meetings. Major items for review and discussion during quarterly meetings include: Improvement plan implementation Operational monitoring records Verification monitoring record

10.2 Annual review

The WSP team will meet annually to thoroughly review and revise the WSP to keep it up-to-date, and the WSP team will keep records/minutes for all meetings. Possible reasons for WSP revision include: Changes to the WSP team Changes to land use in the catchment Any system changes (source, treatment, storage, distribution, population served, etc.) New hazardous events or control measures Updates or changes to the improvement plan Changes to the operational or verification monitoring plans Changes to management procedures or supporting programmes

10.3 Post-incident review

In addition to scheduled WSP reviews, relevant components of the WSP will be reviewed following incidents or emergencies and revised as appropriate to avoid recurrence and to improve response.

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