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Direct Leadership Techniques
Methods used when leading in face-to-face situations Game leading Song leading Facilitating a leisure education
session Giving a guided tour Coaching a youth sport Conducting a meeting
Phase I: Know the Group Group composition
Size of group % females and males Age mix Needed accommodations Experience levels Motivations Familiarity with one another Medical histories available?
Phase I: Risk Management
Have you gone through the risk management checklist?
Do you have the right staff? Do you know enough about the
participants to be safe? Are the activities appropriate for
the group? Have you played “What if…?”
Phase I: Goals and Objectives
Goals Something for which one strives, an
aim
Objectives Steps to reaching a goal
Types of Goals
Societal goals Aims or ideals of community Tend to be culturally relevant
Professional goals Professionalism Performance standards Ethical behaviors
Types of Goals
Agency or organizational goals Quality Service orientation
Participant goals Diverse Influenced by culture, demographics
Common Participant Goals
Skill, knowledge development Physical, cognitive Progression facilitates proper
learning
Interpersonal skills Human relations skills Manipulate physical environment to
facilitate learning
Common Participant Goals
Democratic living skills Cooperation, fair play, equality Being a “good sport”
To have fun Health benefits
Physical exercise, mental health Often a “bonus benefit” to leisure
participation
Types of Objectives
Cognitive Deal with thinking
Behavioral Deal with physical actions, skills
Affective Deal with feelings, emotions
Thinking SMART
S = Specific M = Measurable A = Achievable R = Realistic T = Trackable
Objectives must be…
ABCDs of Writing Objectives
A = Audience Who is doing the action
B = Behavior The action the audience must do The verb Only one behavior/verb per
objective
ABCDs of Writing Objectives
C = Condition Describes the behavior specifically Describes how, when, where, form,
number of trials, etc. D = Degree
Describes how well the behavior will be accomplished
Must directly relate to the behavior
Setting the Tone
Leaders positively influence a leisure experience Set the mood Manipulate the physical
environment Enhance the socioemotional
element Enhance the psychological
environment
Setting the Tone
Alter the physical environment Use of color Lighting Noise, sounds, music Pictures, artwork, visual media Arrange space safely, efficiently,
for maximum effectiveness
Phase II: Getting Attention
Keep it fun Unexpected Respectful Experiential Consider participant
perceptions Experiment
Phase II: Dividing Groups
Divide according to primary goal Be joyful, fun Be creative, equitable Consider participant perceptions Strive to enhance the leisure
experience
Phase II: Learning Names
Demonstrates respect of participants
Facilitates group cohesion Facilitates trust Learn proper pronunciation Use preferred name
Delivery: Phase III
Introducing an activity Leader introduces self Name the activity Identify the goal Tell a short story to set the mood
Phase III: Giving Directions
Do not assume participants know the activity
Ensure that everyone knows the same rules
KISS KIP PLAY
Phase III: Leading Songs Sing the song through Demonstrate any associated
motions Sing a verse, participants repeat Group and leader sing entire song Add motions, sing verse at a time As a group, sing entire song with
motions Sing through at least twice
Phase III: Song Rounds
Sing as many times as there are groups
Follow the steps listed for song leading
Engage the groups using your entire body, inviting gestures
Phase III: Transitions
Links within and between activities, between activity sessions
Comment on similarities Comment on differences Comment on both similarities and
differences
Phase III: Conclusions
Stop when people are having fun Emphasize strengths, group
cohesion Review how things went Keep it positive Be sure conclusion is definitive
Successful Meetings
Formal meetings Robert’s Rules of Order
Controls who speaks when How to make, decide a motion What material can be considered
Informal meetings More free-flowing Allows people to freely interact
Successful Meetings
Prior to the meeting Identify the purpose Identify who should be in attendance Make a conscious choice of location Decide how it will be conducted Provide an agenda several days
before the meeting
Meeting Agendas
Provide guidance, structure to the meeting
Enable participants to prepare Send final version a minimum of
two days ahead of time Estimate the amount of time per
item
Meeting Agendas
Heading centered at the top: AGENDA
Name of the group meeting Date of the meeting Time of start and end Location of the meeting Purpose statement
Meeting Agendas cont’d
Introduction of guests Acceptance of minutes Old business New business Other items Announcements
During a Meeting the Leader…
Sets the tone Considers seating arrangement Is responsible for time management Establishes/Reiterates ground rules Identifies a recorder (for taking
minutes) Facilitates involvement of everyone
(consider diversity, cultural influences) Finishes at stated time
After the Meeting
Be aware of the “meeting-after-the meeting”
Ask to bring these issues up at the next scheduled meeting
Periodically evaluate meetings
Meeting Minutes
Official record of what occurred The “gist” of what was said Follow the format of the agenda Also include…
Roll call Action items Next meeting information Submitted by…
Virtual Meetings
Participants are in different physical locations
Teleconference Videoconference Online meeting Requires same level of leader
preparation and coordination as face-to-face meeting
Oral Presentations: Preparation
Preparation Know the topic Know the reason for the presentation Know the audience Know the technology Organize the presentation Practice
Oral Presentations: Delivery
Personal appearance and presence matter Dress neatly Carry yourself well Avoid fidgeting Keep hands out of pockets Use appropriate gestures, do
so consciously
Oral Presentations: Delivery
Personal style and language Relax Project your voice Make eye contact Use appropriate language Avoid big words
Oral Presentations: Delivery
Be aware of the anchor Location that draws the presenter Engage your kinesthetic awareness,
conscious use of the anchor Anchor should enhance the
presentation Podium Projector Chalkboard Etc.
Visual Aids: Handouts
Should be clear, clean and readable Use good grammar, no typos Use no more than two font types Use 10-point font or larger Need large print version (18+ point) Decide when to use handouts Decide when to distribute handouts
Visual Aids: Flip Charts
Are easily portable Useful for keeping ideas in view Best suited for small audiences Require legible handwriting Can be prepared ahead of time Can be prepared during
presentation
Overhead Transparencies
Can be a static or dynamic tool Text should be at least 28-point
font Allows leader to face audience Legible handwriting required Turn off projector when not in use