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8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 1/13 Partcutaway view of the Volkswagen Group 6speed DirectShift Gearbox. The concentric multiplate clutches have been sectioned, along with the mechatronics module. This also shows the additional power takeoff for distributing torque to the rear axle for fourwheel drive applications. View this image with annotations Schematic diagram of a dual clutch transmission Directshift gearbox From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A directshift gearbox (German: DirektSchaltGetriebe [1] ), commonly abbreviated to DSG, [2][3] is an electronically controlled dualclutch [2] multipleshaft manual gearbox, in a transaxle design – without a conventional clutch pedal, [4] and with full automatic, [2] or semimanual control. The first actual dualclutch transmissions derived from Porsche inhouse development for 962 racing cars in the 1980s. In simple terms, a DSG is two separate manual gearboxes (and clutches), contained within one housing, and working as one unit. [2] [3][5] It was designed by BorgWarner, [4] and is licensed to the Volkswagen Group, with support by IAV GmbH. By using two independent clutches, [2][5] a DSG can achieve faster shift times, [2][5] and eliminates the torque converter of a conventional epicyclic automatic transmission. [2] Contents 1 Overview 1.1 Transverse DSG 1.2 Audi longitudinal DSG 2 List of DSG variants 3 Operational introduction 3.1 DSG controls 3.1.1 "P" 3.1.2 "N" 3.1.3 "D" mode 3.1.4 "S" mode 3.1.5 "R" 3.1.6 Manual mode 3.1.6.1 Paddle shifters 4 Advantages and disadvantages 5 Applications 5.1 Audi 5.2 Bugatti 5.3 SEAT 5.4 Škoda 5.5 Volkswagen Passenger Cars 5.6 Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles 6 Problems and recalls of DSGequipped vehicles 6.1 United States of America 6.2 Australia 6.3 China

Directshift gearboxDQ500. Its first use was in the Audi TTRS.[13] Audi longitudinal DSG. 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ... 2009, it is only used in

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  • 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox  Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 1/13

    Partcutaway view of the VolkswagenGroup 6speed DirectShift Gearbox.The concentric multiplate clutcheshave been sectioned, along with themechatronics module. This alsoshows the additional power takeofffor distributing torque to the rear axlefor fourwheel drive applications. View this image with annotations

    Schematic diagram of a dual clutchtransmission

    Directshift gearboxFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    A directshift gearbox (German: DirektSchaltGetriebe[1]),commonly abbreviated to DSG,[2][3] is an electronically controlleddualclutch[2] multipleshaft manual gearbox, in a transaxle design –without a conventional clutch pedal,[4] and with full automatic,[2] orsemimanual control. The first actual dualclutch transmissionsderived from Porsche inhouse development for 962 racing cars inthe 1980s.

    In simple terms, a DSG is two separate manual gearboxes (andclutches), contained within one housing, and working as one unit.[2][3][5] It was designed by BorgWarner,[4] and is licensed to theVolkswagen Group, with support by IAV GmbH. By using twoindependent clutches,[2][5] a DSG can achieve faster shift times,[2][5]and eliminates the torque converter of a conventional epicyclicautomatic transmission.[2]

    Contents

    1 Overview1.1 Transverse DSG1.2 Audi longitudinal DSG

    2 List of DSG variants3 Operational introduction

    3.1 DSG controls3.1.1 "P"3.1.2 "N"3.1.3 "D" mode3.1.4 "S" mode3.1.5 "R"3.1.6 Manual mode

    3.1.6.1 Paddle shifters4 Advantages and disadvantages5 Applications

    5.1 Audi5.2 Bugatti5.3 SEAT5.4 Škoda5.5 Volkswagen Passenger Cars5.6 Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles

    6 Problems and recalls of DSGequipped vehicles6.1 United States of America6.2 Australia6.3 China

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_pedalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAVhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_transmissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechatronicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaxlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BorgWarnerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_timehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaway_drawinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dual-clutch_transmission.svghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-offhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrichttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VW_DSG_transmission_DTMB.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VW_DSG_transmission_DTMB.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch

  • 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox  Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 2/13

    Dualclutch gearbox:M: MotorA: Primary driveB: Double ClutchC: shaftD: main shaft, even gearsE: main shaft, odd gearsF: Output

    6.3 China6.4 Sweden6.5 Japan6.6 Malaysia6.7 World wide recall

    7 See also8 References9 External links

    9.1 Official links9.2 Independent links

    Overview

    Transverse DSG

    At the time of launch in 2003[2][6]  it became the world's first dualclutch transmission in a series production car,[2][6] in the Germanmarket Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32[2][6] and shortly afterwards, worldwide in the original Audi TT 3.2;[7]and for the first few years of production, this original DSG transmission was only available in transverselyoriented[2] frontengine, frontwheeldrive — or Haldex Tractionbased fourwheeldrive vehicle layouts.

    The first DSG transaxle that went into production for the Volkswagen Group mainstream marques had sixforward speeds (and one reverse),[6][7] and used wet/submerged multiplate clutch packs[2][4] (VolkswagenGroup internal code: DQ250, parts code prefix: 02E).[7][8] It has been paired to engines with up to 350 N·m(260 lb·ft) of torque,[6][7] and the twowheeldrive version weighs 93 kg (205 lb). It is manufactured atVolkswagen Group's Kassel plant,[2] with a daily production output of 1,500 units.[6]

    At the start of 2008, another world first,[6] an additional 70 kg (150 lb) sevenspeed DSG transaxle[6]

    (Volkswagen Group internal code: DQ200, parts code prefix: 0AM)[8][9][10] became available. It differsfrom the sixspeed DSG, in that it uses two singleplate dry clutches (of similar diameter).[10] This clutchpack was designed by LuK Clutch Systems, LLC.[11] This sevenspeed DSG is used in smaller frontwheeldrive cars with smaller displacement engines with lower torque outputs,[6][7][10] such as the latestVolkswagen Golf,[6][10] Volkswagen Polo Mk5,[10] and the new SEAT Ibiza.[7] It has been paired to engineswith up to 250 N·m (180 lb·ft).[12] It has considerably less oil capacity than the sixspeed DQ250; this newDQ200 uses just 1.7 litres (0.37 imp gal; 0.45 US gal) of transmission fluid.[6]

    In September 2010, VW launched a new sevenspeed DSG built to support up to 650 N·m (480 lb·ft), theDQ500. Its first use was in the Audi TTRS.[13]

    Audi longitudinal DSG

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Polo_Mk5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_factorieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_layouthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-wheel-drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasselhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldex_Tractionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-engine_designhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Golfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_TThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cambio_a_doppia_frizione.svghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Golf_Mk4#R32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-wheel-drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Ibizahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel-drive

  • 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox  Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 3/13

    In late 2008, an allnew sevenspeed longitudinal[7][14] S tronic[14] version of the DSG transaxle went intoseries production (Volkswagen Group internal code: DL501, parts code prefix: 0B5).[8] Initially, from early2009, it is only used in certain Audi cars, and only with longitudinally mounted engines. Like the originalsixspeed DSG, it features a concentric dual wet multiplate clutch.[14] However, this particular variant usesnotably more plates — the larger outer clutch (for the oddnumbered gears) uses 10 plates, whereas thesmaller inner clutch (driving evennumbered gears and reverse) uses 12 plates.[14] Another notable changeover the original transverse DSGs is the lubrication system[15][16] — Audi now utilise two totally separateoil circuits.[14] One oil circuit, consisting of 7.5 litres (1.65 imp gal; 1.98 US gal), lubricates the hydraulicclutches and mechatronics with fully synthetic specialist automatic transmission fluid (ATF),[14] whilst theother oil circuit lubricates the gear trains and front and centre differentials with 4.3 litres (0.95 imp gal;1.14 US gal) of conventional hypoid gear oil.[14] This dual circuit lubrication is aimed at increasing overallreliability, due to eliminating crosscontamination of debris and wear particles.[14] It has a torque handlinglimit of up to 600 N·m (440 lb·ft),[7] and engine power outputs of up to 330 kW (450 PS; 440 bhp).[7] It hasa total mass, including all lubricants and the dualmass flywheel of 141.5 kg (312 lb).[7]

    This was initially available in their quattro allwheeldrive variants,[8] and is very similar to the new ZFFriedrichshafensupplied[17] Porsche DoppelKupplung (PDK).[18][19]

    List of DSG variants

    name speeds max. torque (N·m) typeDQ200 7 250 dryDQ250 6 350 wet

    DQ380[20] 7 380 wet

    DQ500 7 550 wetDQ511 10 550 wetDL501 7 550 wet

    Operational introduction

    The internal combustion engine drives two clutch packs.[2][4][5] The outer clutch pack drives gears 1, 3, 5[2][4] (and 7 when fitted), and reverse[2] — the outer clutch pack has a larger diameter compared to the innerclutch, and can therefore handle greater torque loadings. The inner clutch pack drives gears 2, 4, and 6.[2][4]Instead of a standard large dry singleplate clutch, each clutch pack for the sixspeed DSG is a collection offour small wet interleaved clutch plates (similar to a motorcycle wet multiplate clutch). Due to spaceconstraints, the two clutch assemblies are concentric, and the shafts within the gearbox are hollow and alsoconcentric.[5] Because the alternate clutch pack's gearsets can be preselected[2][4][5] (predictive shiftsenabled via the 'unused' section of the gearbox), unpowered time while shifting is avoided[2][5] because thetransmission of torque is simply switched from one clutchpack to the other.[2] This means that the DSG

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF_Friedrichshafenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porschehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-wheel-drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quattro_(all_wheel_drive_system)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_horsepowerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsepower#Brake_horsepowerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_oilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_(mechanical_device)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilowatthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_bevel_gear

  • 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox  Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 4/13

    takes only about 8 milliseconds to upshift.[3][4] In comparison, the sequential manual transmission (SMT) inthe Ferrari F430 Scuderia takes 60 milliseconds to shift,[21] or 150 milliseconds in the Ferrari Enzo.[3] Thequoted time for upshifts is the time the wheels are completely nonpowered.

    DSG controls

    The directshift gearbox uses a floormounted transmission shift lever, very similar to that of a conventionalautomatic transmission.[10] The lever is operated in a straight 'fore and aft' plane (without any 'dogleg'offset movements), and uses an additional button to help prevent an inadvertent selection of aninappropriate shift lever position.

    "P"

    P position of the floormounted gear shift lever means that the transmission is set in "Park". Both clutchpacks are fully disengaged, all gearsets are disengaged, and a solid mechanical transmission 'lock' isapplied to the crown wheel of the DSG's internal differential. This position must only be used when themotor vehicle is stationary. Furthermore, this is the position which must be set on the shift lever before thevehicle ignition key can be removed.

    "N"

    N position of the floormounted shift lever means that the transmission is in "neutral". Similar to P above,both clutch packs and all gearsets are fully disengaged; however, the parking lock is also disengaged.

    "D" mode

    Whilst the motor vehicle is stationary and in neutral (N), the driver can select D for "drive" (after firstpressing the foot brake pedal). The transmission's reverse gear is selected on the first shaft K1,[3] and theouter clutch K2 engages at the start of the 'bite point'. At the same time, on the alternate gear shaft, thereverse gear clutch K1 is also selected[2][3] (preselected), as the gearbox doesn't know whether the driverwants to go forward or reverse. The clutch pack for second gear (K2) gets ready to engage. When the driverreleases the brake pedal, the K2 clutch pack increases the clamping force, allowing the second gear to takeup the drive through an increase of the 'bite point', and thereby transferring the torque from the enginethrough the transmission to the drive shafts and road wheels, causing the vehicle to move forward.Depressing the accelerator pedal engages the clutch and causes an increase of forward vehicle speed.Pressing the throttle pedal to the floor (hard acceleration) will cause the gearbox to "kick down" to first gearto provide the acceleration associated with first, although there will be a slight hesitation while the gearboxdeselects second gear and selects first gear. As the vehicle accelerates, the transmission's computerdetermines when the second gear (which is connected to the second clutch) should be fully used. Dependingon the vehicle speed and amount of engine power being requested by the driver (determined by the positionof the throttle pedal),[4] the DSG then upshifts. During this sequence, the DSG disengages the first outerclutch whilst simultaneously engaging the second inner clutch[2][3][4] (all power from the engine is nowgoing through the second shaft), thus completing the shift sequence. This sequence happens in8 milliseconds (aided by preselection),[3][4] and can happen even with full throttle opening, and as a result,there is virtually no power loss.[2][4]

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_(lock)#Car_keyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millisecondhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drivinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_(mechanical_device)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_trainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_pawlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehiclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_pedalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_leg_gearboxhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stationaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari_F430https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_manual_transmission

  • 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox  Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 5/13

    Once the vehicle has completed the shift to second gear, the first gear is immediately deselected, and thirdgear (being on the same shaft as 1st and 5th) is preselected,[2][3][4] and is pending. Once the time comes toshift into 3rd, the second clutch disengages and the first clutch reengages.[2] This method of operationcontinues in the same manner for the remaining forward gears.

    Downshifting is similar to upshifting but in reverse order, and is slower, at 600 milliseconds, due to theengine's Electronic Control Unit, or ECU, needing to 'blip' the throttle so that the engine crankshaft speedcan match the appropriate gear shaft speed.[2][4] The car's computer senses the car slowing down, or morepower required (during acceleration), and thus engages a lower gear on the shaft not in use, and thencompletes the downshift.

    The actual shift points are determined by the DSG's transmission ECU, which commands a hydromechanical unit.[2] The transmission ECU, combined with the hydromechanical unit, are collectivelycalled a "mechatronics"[2] unit or module. Because the DSG's ECU uses "fuzzy logic", the operation of theDSG is said to be "adaptive" ; that is, the DSG will "learn" how the user drives the car, and willprogressively tailor the shift points accordingly to suit the habits of the driver.

    In the vehicle instrument display, between the speedometer and tachometer, the available shiftleverpositions are shown, the current position of the shiftlever is highlighted (emboldened), and the current gearratio in use is also displayed as a number.

    Under "normal", progressive and linear acceleration and deceleration, the DSG shifts in a "sequential"manner, i.e. under acceleration: 1st > 2nd > 3rd > 4th > 5th > 6th; and the same sequence reversed fordeceleration. However, the DSG can also skip the normal sequential method, by 'missing out' adjacentgears, and shift two or more gears.[3] This is most apparent if the car is being driven at sedate speeds in oneof the higher gears with a light throttle opening, and the accelerator pedal is then pressed down, engagingthe "kickdown" function. During kickdown, the DSG will skip gears,[10] shifting directly to the mostappropriate gear depending on speed and throttle opening. This kickdown may be engaged by anyincreased accelerator pedal opening, and is completely independent of the additional resistance to be foundwhen the pedal is pressed fully to the floor, which will activate a similar kickdown function when inManual operation mode. The sevenspeed unit in the 2007 Audi variants will not automatically shift to 6thgear; rather, it stays at 5th to keep power available at a high RPM while cruising.

    When the floormounted gear selector lever is in position D, the DSG works in fully automatic mode,[3][5]

    with emphasis placed on gear shifts programmed to deliver maximum fuel economy.[3][10] That means thatshifts will change up and down very early in the revrange. As an example, on the Volkswagen Golf Mk5GTI, sixth gear will be engaged around 52 km/h (32 mph), when initially using the DSG transmission withthe 'default' ECU adaptation  although with an "aggressive" or "sporty" driving style, the adaptive shiftpattern will increase the vehicle speed at which sixth gear engages.

    "S" mode

    The floor selector lever also has an S position.[2] When S is selected, "sport" mode[2] is activated in theDSG. Sport mode still functions as a fully automatic mode,[3] identical in operation to "D" mode, butupshifts and downshifts are made much higher up the engine revrange.[2][3][10] This aids a more sportydriving manner,[2] by utilising considerably more of the available engine power, and also maximising

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_gearboxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_economy_in_automobileshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Golf_Mk5#Mk5_GTIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachometerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Control_Unithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedometerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kick-downhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechatronicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motive_powerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration

  • 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox  Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 6/13

    engine braking. However, this mode does have a detrimental effect on the vehicle fuel consumption, whencompared to D mode. This mode may not be ideal to use when wanting to drive in a 'sedate' manner; norwhen road conditions are very slippery, due to ice, snow or torrential rain — because loss of tire tractionmay be experienced (wheel spin during acceleration, and may also result in roadwheel locking duringdownshifts at high engine rpms under closed throttle). On 4motion or quattroequipped vehicles this may bepartially offset by the drivetrain maintaining fulltime engagement of the rear differential in 'S' mode, sopower distribution under loss of frontwheel traction may be marginally improved.

    S is highlighted in the instrument display, and like D mode, the currently used gear ratio is also displayed asa number.

    "R"

    R position of the floormounted shift lever means that the transmission is in "reverse". This functions in asimilar way to D, but there is just one 'reverse gear'. When selected, R is highlighted in the instrumentdisplay.

    Manual mode

    Additionally, the floor shift lever also has another plane of operation, for manual[3][5] mode, with springloaded "+" and "−" positions. This plane is selected by moving the stick away from the driver (in vehicleswith the driver's seat on the right, the lever is pushed to the left, and in lefthand drive cars, the stick ispushed to the right) when in "D" mode only. When this plane is selected, the DSG can now be controlledlike a manual gearbox, albeit only under a sequential shift pattern.

    In most (VW) applications, the readout in the instrument display changes to 6 5 4 3 2 1, and just like theautomatic modes, the currently used gear ratio is highlighted or emboldened. In other versions (e.g. on theAudi TT) the display shows just M followed by the gear currently selected, e.g. M1, M2 etc.

    To change up a gear, the lever is pushed forward (against a spring pressure) towards the "+", and to changedown, the lever is pulled rearward towards the "−". The DSG transmission can now be operated with thegear changes being (primarily) determined by the driver. This method of operation is commonly called"tiptronic".[2] In the interests of engine preservation, when accelerating in Manual/tiptronic mode, the DSGwill still automatically change up just before the redline, and when decelerating, it will change downautomatically at very low revs, just before the engine idle speed (tickover). Furthermore, if the driver callsfor a gear when it is not appropriate (e.g.: requesting a downshift when engine speed is near the redline) theDSG will not change to the driver's requested gear.[3]

    Current variants of the DSG will still downshift to the lowest possible gear ratio when the kickdown buttonis activated during full throttle whilst in manual mode. In Manual mode this kickdown is only activated byan additional button at the bottom of the accelerator pedal travel; unless this is pressed the DSG will notdownshift, and will simply perform a fullthrottle acceleration in whatever gear was previously beingutilised.

    Paddle shifters

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiptronichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_manual_transmissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kick-downhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_brakinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-hand_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redlinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_consumptionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_transmissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_speed

  • 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox  Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 7/13

    Initially available on certain highpowered cars, and those with a "sporty" trim level — such as those usingthe 2.0 TFSI and 3.2/3.6 VR6 engines[2] — steering wheelmounted paddle shifters[3][5] were available.However, these are now being offered (either as a standard inclusive fitment, or as a factory optional extra)on virtually all DSGequipped cars, throughout all model ranges, including lesser power outputapplications, such as the 105 PS Volkswagen Golf Plus.[10]

    These operate in an identical manner as the floor mounted shift lever when it is placed across the gate inmanual mode. The paddle shifters have two distinct advantages: the driver can safely keep both hands onthe steering wheel when using the Manual/tiptronic mode; and the driver can temporarily manually overrideeither of the automatic programmes (D or S),[10] and gain instant manual control of the DSG transmission[10] (within the above described constraints).

    If the paddleshift activated manual override of one of the automatic modes (D or S) is used intermittentlythe DSG transmission will default back to the previously selected automatic mode after a predeterminedduration of inactivity of the paddles, or when the vehicle becomes stationary. Alternatively, should thedriver wish to immediately revert to fully automatic control, this can be done by activating and holding the"+" paddle[10] for at least two seconds.

    Advantages and disadvantages

    Advantages

    Better fuel economy[2][6] (up to 15% improvement) than conventional planetary geared automatictransmission (due to lower parasitic losses from oil churning)[5] and for some models with manualtransmissions;[2]

    No loss of torque transmission from the engine to the driving wheels during gear shifts;[2][4][5]Short upshift time of 8 milliseconds when shifting to a gear the alternate gear shaft has preselected;[3][4]

    Smooth gearshift operations;[4][5]

    Consistent downshift time of 600 milliseconds, regardless of throttle or operational mode;[4]

    Disadvantages

    Achieving no acceleration or hill climbing, while avoiding engine speeds higher than a certain limit(e.g. 3000 or 4000 RPM), is difficult since it requires avoiding triggering the kickdownswitch.Avoiding triggering the kickdownswitch requires a good feel of the throttle pedal, but use of fullthrottle can still be achieved with a little sensitivity as the kickdown button is only activated beyondthe normal full opening of the accelerator pedal.Marginally worse overall mechanical efficiency compared to a conventional manual transmission,especially on wetclutch variants (due to electronics and hydraulic systems);[5]Expensive specialist transmission fluids/lubricants with dedicated additives are required, which needregular changes;[15][16]Relatively expensive to manufacture, and therefore increases new vehicle purchase price;Relatively lengthy shift time when shifting to a gear ratio which the transmission control unit did notanticipate (around 1100 ms, depending on the situation);[4][22]Torque handling capability constraints perceive a limit on aftermarket engine tuning modifications(though many tuners and users have now greatly exceeded the official torque limits.); Later variants

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VR6_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_overridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_timehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Golf_Mk5#Golf_Plushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering_wheelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger

  • 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox  Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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    have been fitted to more powerful cars, such as the 300 bhp/350 Nm VW R36 and the272 bhp/350 Nm Audi TTS.Heavier than a comparable Getrag conventional manual transmission (75 kg (165 lb) vs. 47.5 kg(105 lb));Fuel economy up to 15% worse than a manual.

    Applications

    Volkswagen Group vehicles with the DSG gearbox include:[8]

    Audi

    After originally using the 'DSG' moniker, Audi subsequently renamed their directshift gearbox to "Stronic".

    Audi TTAudi A1Audi A3Audi S3Audi A4 (B8)[7][14]

    Audi S4 (B8)[7][14]Audi A5Audi A7Audi A8 (D4)Audi Q3Audi Q5[7][14]Audi R8 facelift

    Bugatti

    Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4[6] (developed by Ricardo[23] rather than Borg Warner)

    SEAT

    SEAT IbizaSEAT LeónSEAT AlteaSEAT ToledoSEAT Alhambra

    Škoda

    Škoda FabiaŠkoda OctaviaŠkoda Rapid (2012)Škoda RoomsterŠkoda Superb IIŠkoda Yeti

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_S4#B8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_R8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_Q5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_A7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Yetihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getraghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Rapid_(2012)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Alhambrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Consulting_Engineershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Roomsterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_S3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_A8#D4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugattihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_A1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Le%C3%B3nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Autohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Toledohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_TThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_Q3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Octaviahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugatti_Veyronhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Fabia#5Jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_A5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_A4#B8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Superbhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_A3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Alteahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Ibizahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi

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    Volkswagen Passenger Cars

    Volkswagen PoloVolkswagen Golf, GTI, TDI, R32, R[2][6]Volkswagen Jetta GLI, TDIVolkswagen EosVolkswagen Touran[6]Volkswagen New BeetleVolkswagen New Beetle ConvertibleVolkswagen Passat and R36Volkswagen CCVolkswagen SharanVolkswagen SciroccoVolkswagen Tiguan 2011Volkswagen Lupo 9905 1.2 TDI 3L

    Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles

    Volkswagen Caddy carderived vanVolkswagen Transporter (T5) medium van[24]

    Problems and recalls of DSGequipped vehicles

    The 7speed DQ200 and 6speed DQ250 gearboxes sometimes suffer from powerloss (gear disengaging)due to shortcircuiting of wires caused by a buildup of sulphur in the transmission oil.[25]

    United States of America

    In August 2009, Volkswagen of America issued two recalls of DSGequipped vehicles. The first involved13,500 vehicles,[26] and was to address unplanned shifts to the neutral gear,[26] while the second involvedsimilar problems (by then attributed to faulty temperature sensors) and applied to 53,300 vehicles.[26][27][28]These recalls arose as a result of investigations carried out by the US National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration (NHTSA),[29] where owners reported to the NHTSA a loss of power whilst driving.[26] Thisinvestigation preliminary found only 2008 and 2009 model year vehicles as being affected.[26][29]

    Australia

    In November 2009, Volkswagen recalled certain Golf, Jetta, EOS, Passat & Caddy equipped with 6speedDQ250 DSG transmission because the gearbox may read the clutch temperature incorrectly which lead toclutch protection mode, causing a loss of power of the vehicle.[30]

    China

    Since 2009 there have been widespread concerns from Chinese consumers particularly among the onlinecommunity, who expressed that Volkswagen has failed to respond to complaints about defects in its DSGequipped vehicles. Typical issues associated with 6speed DSG include abnormal noise and inability to

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Scirocco#3rd_generationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Tiguanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Passat_(B6)#Passat_R36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Jettahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_New_Beetlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Golfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Caddyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Eoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Caddyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Passathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_yearhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_CChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administrationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Polo_Mk5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Lupohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Touranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Sharan#Second_generation_.282010-.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Transporter_(T5)

  • 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox  Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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    change gear; while issues associated with 7speed DSG include abnormal noise, excessive shift shock,abnormal increase in engine RPM, flashing gear indicator on the dashboard as well as inability to shift toevennumbered gears.[31] In March 2012 China’s quality watchdog the General Administration of QualitySupervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) said that it had been in contact with Volkswagen (China)and urged the carmaker to probe the issues.[32][33] In a survey held by Gasgoo.com (China) of 2,937industry experts and insiders, 83% of respondents believed that the carmaker should consider a full vehiclerecall.[34] In March 2012 Volkswagen Group China admitted that there could be an issue in its sevenspeedDSG gearboxes that may affect approximately 500,000 vehicles from its various subsidiaries in China.[35] Asoftware upgrade has since been offered for the affected vehicles in an attempt to repair the problem.

    According to 163.com  one of China's most popular web portals  in March 2012 about a quarter of thecomplaints about problems found in cars in China's automotive market were made against DSGequippedvehicles manufactured by Volkswagen.[36] The top five models that dominate those complaints were:

    Volkswagen Magotan  6%Volkswagen Bora  5.3%Volkswagen Sagitar  5.3%Volkswagen Touareg  4.7%Volkswagen Golf  4%

    On March 15, 2013, China Central Television aired a program for the World Consumer Rights Day. Theprogram criticized the issue associated with DSGequipped vehicles manufactured by Volkswagen. OnMarch 17, 2013 Volkswagen Group China announced on its official Weibo that it will voluntarily recallvehicles equipped with DSG boxes.[37] Some sources have estimated the failure rate of DSGequippedvehicles sold in China to be greater than 20,000 per million sold.

    Sweden

    VW Sweden stopped selling the Passat EcoFuel DSG as a taxi after many cars had problems with the 7speed DSG gearbox. They instead offered the Touran EcoFuel DSG, which is using an updated version ofthe same DSG gearbox.[38]

    Japan

    The recall has been extended to Japan with 91,000 (VW and Audi using the same DSG) being recalled. [39]

    Malaysia

    13 days after the Singapore recall, Volkswagen Malaysia also announced a recall for the 7speed DSG. Noofficial statement was released by the company, but it was stated that a total of 3,962 were involved in theunit recall exercise  units produced between June 2010 and June 2011, with affected vehicles being Golf,Polo, Scirocco, Cross Touran, Passat and Jetta models equipped with the transmission. [40]

    World wide recall

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Consumer_Rights_Dayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Televisionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Borahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Touareghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Sagitarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Administration_of_Quality_Supervision,_Inspection_and_Quarantinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Golfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Magotanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPM

  • 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox  Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 11/13

    November 14, 2013 Volkswagen Group announced a major world wide recall over problems with the 7speed DSG gearbox (model: DQ200) which might lead to loss of power, covering some 1.6m cars includingthose carrying the Audi, Skoda and SEAT badges. [41]

    See also

    Volkswagen 01M transmissionList of ZF transmissionsList of Aisin transmissionsList of GM transmissionsList of Ford transmissionsMultimode manual transmission

    References1.  Volkswagen Service Training Manual 308  02E 6speed DSG2.  "Volkswagen DSG  World's first dualclutch gearbox in a production car" (https://www.volkswagenmedia

    services.com/medias_publish/ms/content/en/pressemitteilungen/2002/11/22/volkswagen_dsg__world.standard.gidoeffentlichkeit.html). VolkswagenMediaServices.com (Press release). Volkswagen Group /Volkswagen AG. 22 November 2002. Retrieved 30 October 2009.

    3.  "Twin Clutch / Direct Shift Gearbox (DSG)  What it is, how it works"(http://cars.about.com/od/thingsyouneedtoknow/a/ag_howDSGworks.htm). Cars.About.com. Retrieved27 October 2009.

    4.  Mark Wan. Gearbox "Transmission  TwinClutch Gearbox"(http://www.autozine.org/technical_school/gearbox/tech_gear_manual.htm#TwinClutch). AutoZine.org. AutoZineTechnical School. Retrieved 27 October 2009.

    5.  "How the Dual Clutch Transmission Works" (http://www.dctfacts.com/widc_pg3a.asp). DCTfacts.com. TheLubrizol Corporation. 2009. Retrieved 27 October 2009.

    6.  "The 7speed DSG  the intelligent automatic gearbox from Volkswagen"(http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/themes/2008/01/the_7speed_dsg.html).VolkswagenAG.com. Volkswagen Group / Volkswagen AG. 21 January 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2009.

    7.  "Volkswagen Group extends reach of dual clutch transmissions" (http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory6a.asp).DCTfacts.com. The Lubrizol Corporation. 8 May 2009. Retrieved 27 October 2009.

    8.  ETKA9.  Volkswagen Service Training Manual 390  0AM 7speed DSG10.  "Golf Plus on the Road" (http://www.dctfacts.com/otr_pg1.asp). DCTfacts.com. The Lubrizol Corporation. 2009.

    Retrieved 28 October 2009.11.  "LuK Dual Dry Clutch 7Speed DSG Gearbox in volume production at Volkswagen"

    (http://www.lukclutch.com/content.schaeffler_as.us/us/press/pressreleases/pressdetails.jsp?id=2877676).LuKclutch.com. Schaeffler Group USA Inc., BÜHL, GERMANY. 13 February 2008. Retrieved 27 October 2009.

    12.  http://en.volkswagen.com/en/innovationandtechnology/technicalglossary/7gangdsggetriebe.html13.  http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/themes/2010/01/dsg_the_new_dq500.html14.  "Inside Audi’s premium DCT" (http://www.dctfacts.com/indusIn_pg3.asp). DCTfacts.com. The Lubrizol

    Corporation. 8 May 2009. Retrieved 27 October 2009.15.  "Special Transmissions Need Special Lubricants" (http://www.dctfacts.com/hmStory2a.asp). DCTfacts.com. The

    Lubrizol Corporation. 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2009.16.  "Special Transmissions Need Special Lubricants" (http://www.dctfacts.com/information/speciallubricants.aspx).

    DCTFacts.com. Retrieved 15 May 2011.17.  "ZF 7speed dual clutch transmission"

    (http://www.zf.com/corporate/en/products/product_range/cars/cars_7_speed_dual_clutch_transmission.shtml).ZF.com. ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Retrieved 28 October 2009.

    18.  "Top 911 moves to industrystandard shift controls" (http://www.dctfacts.com/lnws_pg12a.asp). DCTfacts.com.

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    26.  Jensen, Christopher (21 August 2009). "VW DSG Transmission Problem Leads to Recall"(http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/21/vwdsgtransmissionproblemleadstorecall/).wheels.blogs.nytimes.com (The New York Times Company). Retrieved 30 November 2009.

    27.  Chang, Richard S. (28 August 2009). "VW Has More Problems With Its DSG Transmission"(http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/28/vwhasmoreproblemswithitsdsgtransmission/).wheels.blogs.nytimes.com (The New York Times Company). Retrieved 30 November 2009.

    28.  "Volkswagen will repair DSG transmissions on 53,300 vehicles" (http://blog.caranddriver.com/volkswagenwillrepairdsgtransmissionson53300vehicles/). Blog.CarAndDriver.com. Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S., Inc.,.28 August 2009. Retrieved 27 October 2009.

    29.  ODI Resume  Volkswagen of America, Inc., 20082009 Volkswagen EOS, GTI, Jetta and R32 with DSGtransmission (http://nhthqnwws112.odi.nhtsa.dot.gov/acms/docservlet/Artemis/Public/Pursuits/2009/PE/INOAPE0903536241.pdf) PDF, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Retrieved 30 November 2009. Thedirect shift gearbox can malfunction at any speed and cause the vehicle to lose motive power suddenly andwithout warning

    30.  "Volkswagen—Volkswagen Golf, Jetta, EOS, Passat & Caddy Vehicles"(https://www.recalls.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/1048814). Nov 3, 2009.

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    35.  "VW issues software upgrade to resolve gearbox problems, shies away from recall"(http://autonews.gasgoo.com/chinanews/vwissuessoftwareupgradetoresolvegearboxprob120313.shtml).Gasgoo. Retrieved 20120405.

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    som taxi39.  "Volkswagen recall extended." (http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motornews/volkswagenrecallextended

    201305132jhon.html). drive.com.au (Fairfax Media). 13 May 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2013.40.  "VW Malaysia joins recall of 7speed DSG cars" (http://ride.asiaone.com/news/general/story/vwmalaysiajoins

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  • 8/7/2015 Directshift gearbox  Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directshift_gearbox 13/13

    External links

    Dual Clutch Transmission  DCT Facts (http://www.dctfacts.com)

    Official links

    Volkswagen AG corporate website(http://www.VolkswagenAG.com/vwag/vwcorp/content/en/homepage.html)

    Independent links

    Pictures and diagrams of DQ250 DSG (http://www.worldcarfans.com/204030112966/vwdsgtransmission) at WorldCarFans.com.Reviews, videos, and explanation of DSG transmission(http://www.myturbodiesel.com/1000q/dsg_faq.htm)First Drive: Audi TT 3.2 DSG (http://www.vwvortex.com/artman/publish/article_317.shtml) reviewat VWvortex.com.European interest in dual clutch technology shifts up a gear (http://www.justauto.com/features_detail.asp?art=1171), an informative article from JustAuto.com.Computercontrolled Meccano model of a DSG Transmission(http://www.selmec.org.uk/article_0004_computer_controlled_dsg_transmission.aspx) by AlanWenbourne of the South East London Meccano Club (SELMEC).Video of Alan Wenbourne's Meccano DSG in operation (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUdc48RH9OE) at YouTube.com.

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Directshift_gearbox&oldid=674678025"

    Categories:  Volkswagen Group Automotive transmission technologiesAutomotive technology tradenames BorgWarner transmissions

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