Disaster in Oil & Gas Sector

– Preparedness in the country

Oil India Limited given Birth to Indian Petroleum Industry with Discovery of Oil in 1889

Oil India Private Ltd was Incorporated on 18th February, 1959 as ‘Rupee Company of Assam’ with 2/3rd shareholding of BOC Ltd &

1/3rd GoI. By signing the 2nd supplemental agreement between GoI & BOC on 27.07.1961 both became equal partner with 50%

shareholding each- OIL was fully Nationalised on 14th October, 1981

Discovery first Crude Oil in the country as well as in Asia 130 years

back in 1889 at Digboi, Assam

130 years old Digboi Field today

It is more Difficult to tackle Oil & Gas Fires than Regular Fires

§ Oil and Oil and Gas fires are more difficult to extinguish

than regular fires due to the enormous continuous fuel

supply for the fire

§ Oil or Gas fires can be the result of human actions, such as

Accidents Arson or Natural events, such as Lightning.

§ In case of huge scale fire, jets of flames from ignited high

pressure well/vessel/others moves forward at faster

pace.

§ A frequent cause of a well fire is a high-pressure Blowoutduring drilling operations.

§ Few major Disasters in the globe is detailed here

Oil & Gas Production Platform in the North Sea at North-east of Aberdeen,Scotland, experienced an explosion on 6th July 1988 resulting oil and gas firesand destroyed Piper Alpha killing 167 people, including 2 crewmen. 61 workersescaped and survived. 30 bodies were never recovered. The total insured losswas about £1.7 billion ($3.4 billion)

6th July,1988 : Piper Alpha –Off-shore FireOne of the Costliest Man-made Catastrophes ever in terms of Lives

Lost and Industry Impact

March, 1991- Kuwait Oil Fire : 11 monthsKuwaiti oil fires were caused by Iraqui Military Forces setting fire to 605 to 732Oil Wells. The fires were started in January / February 1991, and the first Wellfires were extinguished in early April 1991 and total operation completed onNovember 6, 1991

Gulf of Mexico Fire in 2010 (BP)- Largest Marine Oil Spill in the World

The Deepwater Horizon Semi Submersible Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit(MODU) of BP experienced Explosion on 20th April, 2010 in the MacondoProspect Oil Field ,southeast off the Louisiana killing 11 workers and causingOil Well Fire and a massive Offshore Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico -Considered the largest marine Oil Spill in the World, and the largestEnvironmental Disaster in U.S. history

19th November, 1984: The LPG Terminal Disaster in San Juanico - One of the Deadliest in World History- Killed 500 - 600 people

Six of these spherical typeLPG containers Explodedinto huge fireballs killing500–600 people andcausing severe burns in5,000–7,000 others

The Explosion consumed 11,000 m3 of LPG, representing one third of Mexico City's entire liquid petroleum gas supply. It destroyed the facility and devastated

the local town of San Juan Ixhuatepec

The facility consisted of 54 LPG Storage Tanks; 6 largeSpherical Tanks (4 holding 1,600 cubic metres and 2 holding2,400 cubic metres) and 48 smaller horizontal Bullet shapedtanks of various sizes. All together the tanks contained11,000 cubic metres of a Propane/ Butane mixture at thetime of the accident- All of which Exploded

San Juanico LPG Terminal Disaster – Cause and Chronology

§ The Disaster was initiated by a Gas Leak on the site due to Pipe Rupture duringTransfer operations, which caused a Plume of LPG to Concentrate at Groundlevel for 10 minutes.

§ The Plume eventually grew Large enough to Drift on the wind towards the west endof the site, where the facility's waste-gas Flare Pit was located.

§ At 5:40 a.m (19.11.84), the Cloud reached the Flare and Ignited, resulting in aVapor Cloud Explosion that severely damaged the Tank Farm and resulted in amassive Conflagration fed by the LPG Leaking from newly damaged Tanks.

§ Just four minutes later, at 5:44 a.m, the First Tank underwent a BLEVE (BoilingLiquid/Expanding Vapor Explosion).

§ Over the next hour, 12 separate BLEVE explosions were recorded.

§ The fire and smaller explosions continued until 10 a.m. the next morning (20.11.84)§ The escalation was caused by an ineffective gas detection system

Oil and Gas Industry is very

Important for Indian Economy-

It contributes about 15%

to Country’s GDP

Statistical Data of Indian Oil and Gas Industry• GoI signed 310 production sharing contracts (PSCs), 30 Revenue Sharing Contracts (RSCs)

• ONGC is operating 9 PEL and 334 PML blocks covering an area of about 94,358 sq. Km on

nomination blocks and OIL 3 PEL and 22 PML• ONGC and OIL have drilled total 6,451 exploratory wells since inception as on 31st

December, 2018 and Private/Joint venture companies drilled so far 1,054 wells

• 16,800 km long gas pipeline presently under operation in the country and around 14,200 kmpipeline is approved/under construction. 10,419.7 Km Crude Oil, 14,062.5 Km Product &3,380.69 Km of LPG Pipelines presently under operation in the country

• LNG Terminal capacity at present is 95 MMTPA at terminals- Dahej, Hazira, Kochi andDabhol. 20 MMTPA additional Terminal Capacity planned at Mundra, Gujarat, Ennore, Tamil

Nadu, Dhamra, Odisha & Jaigarh, Maharashtra

Last Years Achievements in Petroleum Sector (Source: MoPNG’s Annual Report: 2018-19)

• 35.68 MMT Crude Oil produced

• 32.65 Billion Cubic Metres (BCM) Natural Gas produced

• 220.43 MMT Crude Oil imported (Valued Rs 5,66,450 crore)

• 254.40 MMT Petroleum Products Produced

• 206.17 MMT Petroleum Products Consumption in the Country

PMO’s Hydrocarbon Vision-2030 for N-East India

Develop North-East region as a Dominant Hydrocarbon Hub at the forefront of India’s Energy Economy

Vision Document Stipulates: § Double the production of Oil and Natural Gas (0+0EG in MMTOE) by 2030§ Access to clean fuel for 100% households in the region (LPG/PNG)

§ Bolster development through creation of service provider Hubs§ Ensure availability to support growth in per capita petroleum product

consumption§ Provide pipeline connectivity by installing new POL and LPG Pipeline

§ Develop, CGD networks and CNG natural gas grid Highways§ Generate employment opportunities through Industrial and skill development

§ Promote manufacturing industry related to oil and gas in the region§ Incentivize production of Bio fuel in the region for providing access to clean fuels

and to boost rural economy§ Promote trade between North East Region of India and neighbouring SAARC

countries

Oil & Gas

Industries are Concentrated in

India around the

Sedimentary Basins shown in

the Map

Refineries DistributedAccordingly in India

Basic Operations of Oil & Gas Industry

On-shore & Off-shore Well DrillingWell Blow Out/Fire –

While Drilling or

During Production-Causes big

Disaster

Oil & Gas Storage Tank Farms & LNG Terminals- Vapor Cloud Explosion

Oil & Natural Gas Process Installations

Refinery Installations

Refineries World’s 4th

Largest Refiner

23 Refineries (Total Refining

capacity of 247.57 MMTPA)

• 18 under

Public Sector

• 3 under Private sector

• 2 in Joint Venture (JV)

Transportation of Oil/Gas through Pipeline/Rail / Road & Sea

Crude Oil/ Natural Gas/LPG/Petroleum Product Pipelines

• 16,800 km gas pipeline• 10,419.7 Km Crude Oil pipeline• 14,062.5 Km Product pipeline• 3,380.69 Km of LPG Pipelines

North-East Gas Grid Pipeline - By Indradhanush Gas Grid Pipeline (IGGL)

• 1,656 Km Pipeline length in 8 NE-States including Sikkim

• Project Cost: Rs 9,300 cr

• PMO laid foundation stone on 09.02.2019

• Out of 130 km Pipeline up to Sikkim- 35 Km in Sikkim State and rest 95 Km in WB

LPG: Processing /Bottling/Storage/ Distribution Plant

Causes of Disasters in Oil & Gas Sector• Uncontrolled Release/Leakage of of Oil & Gas from

the operating installation/ Well(s)

• Blowout or Fire in Wells- Either during Drilling orwhile producing- Here we are not well equipped inthe country and need help of Experts

• Occurrence of Fire and Explosion for whatever maybe the reason(s)

• Gas Broaching into the Surface due to failure ofCasing Tubes of the Wells

• Oil spillage from Oil Pipeline due to Bomb Blast orNatural Calamities like Flood etc

Jets of Flames from Ignited Source- How it moves Fast

Video: (1) Jets of Flames from

Ignited Source (Vapour

Cloud Explosion)- Moves

at Rapid Speed

§ Gas Leakage was observed from Dikom -15 producing

well of OIL at around 2.30 PM on 13.09.2005 - Attempt

was made to control the leakage but could not succeed

and subsequently on 15.09.2005 at 11.50 AM there was

a sudden explosion and well caught fire.

§ The fire continued for 20 days and OIL had to take help

of M/S Boots and Coots, Houston§ More than 3,000 people were evacuated from surrounding

radius of 3 KM

OIL in its long E&P Operation experienced first Well blow out in September, 2005

15.09.2005 : Fire in Dikom -15 Producing Well of OIL (Assam)

Lasted

for 20 Days

Dikom -15 Fire : September, 2005 – Oil India Ltd

Video: (2)Dikom -15 Well Fire Oil

India Ltd

TO DIBRUGARH

TO DIBRUGARH

TO DULIAJAN

14, 12, 2

KB3, KB2, KB1

WDW(abandoned),13,438

OCS

11,9,3

1, 15

M1,M2,M3

Indirect Heater

5, 6, 7, 8

4

26

To Tinsukia

Alimur TiniAli

MadarkhatTiniAli

Loc: HKW

MadarkhatT.E.

DikomT.E.Factory

NH 37

Tea GardenHousing

LP School

DIKOM-15 PRODUCING WELL & OTHER WELLS UNDER DIKOM OCS

KB-4

53

5458

16

17KB-5

22,20, 19, 18

98

Tengakhat End

Dikom End

HQW

21

I/Heater

I/Heater

24

25

10

2830

23

2729

DBUScompressor

Civil camp

Security camp

97

63

8th January 1995: ONGC-Pasarlapudi Blowout in Andhra Pradesh, Amalapuram 15th March 1995 it was brought under control : Lasted for 65 days

Initially Neil Adams Fire Fighters(NAF), Houston was Hired to bring the Fire under control.-Later on ONGC manged themselves

Rig

E 1400-18GF of

worth Rs 9.2 crore and other

equipment of worth Rs

7 crore at drilling site

were

damaged completely

Largest Blowout Ever

Recorded in the History

of the India’s Oil and

Gas Exploration

Operation

Uncontrolled release of crude oil

Video: (3)ONGC Well Fire

Andhra Pradesh

Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) & Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion(BLEVE)

Considered to be the Most Dangerous

Phenomenon

27 June 2014: GAIL’s 18 “ Pipeline Fire followed with Blast in Andhra Pradesh

Tatipaka-Kondapalli PL:22 people were killed

at Nagaram

Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE)

Corrosion in Pipeline due to Water and Condensate led to gas and condensate

leakages & lighting of a stove led to a blast

Video: (4)GAIL Pipeline Fire

Andhra Pradesh

IOCL Jaipur Fire at Sitapura Terminal & MB Lal Committee’s Recommendations

29th October 2009 § It occurred, when Petrol was

being transferred from the Tankholding 8,000 kilolitres of Petrolto a Pipeline

§ The Blaze continued for Over aWeek and half a million peoplewere evacuated from the area-12 people were killed

Jaipur Fire: October, 2009 : IOCL

Video: (5)

Jaipur Fire, IOCL

27th July,2005- ONGC Mumbai High Fire

11 people were killed &

11 missing

The property loss faced by ONGC was 300 Million USD.The MPSV was sunk later on 1st August , 2005

The fire was triggered in the Multi Purpose Support Vessel (MPSV) when it Collided with one of the Four platforms. The Platform was destroyed within 2 hours of fire

18.02.2004: Fire at Well No- 525 at LOC. HOC of Oil India Ltd19.02.2014 - Killed the Well

Fire at ONGC’s Uran Plant in Mumbai-Due to Gas Leakage

14.07.2011: Gas Broaching at Well NHK#285 (OIL) -Assam

§ Gas leakage from the well NHK # 285 in Assam was experienced first on

14.07.2011 due to failure of Casing Tubing§ The gas found trapped in pockets around 10 Km radius and was coming out

to surface in nearby Tea garden area, Buildings, Tube wells, Drains etc.§ It took 2/ 3 years to resolve the issue by drilling multiple relief wells to

release the pressure of the trapped gas charging the surface above

2 Videos: (6) & (7)Gas Broaching at Well NHK#285 (Deohal)

OIL

29th Sept 2015 :Gas Broaching at Dandewala Well No.-09, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan

Starting on 29th September,2015 - After about 21days ofresilient and indomitableefforts of both OIL andONGC teams, the wellcould be killed on 20th Oct2015 using coil tubing unitof ONGC

Kishangarh

Ramgarh

Jaisalmer

Nachna

Jodhpur

Ganganagar

Baghewala Area

Jaisalmer Area

Bikaner

TanotInternational Boundary

ML Area

PML BLOCKS OF OIL IN RAJASTHAN

20 August 2009

Due to high concentration of CO2 (11 to 13%) in the produced Gas – Tubular Casing got Corroded and started Broaching

Pakistan

India

27.08.2012: LPG Tanker Explosion at Chala in Kannur, Kerala

20 People were killed§ The Disaster occurred when one LPG Tanker Exploded after collision with a

Road Divider

§ The Three chambered tanker with total 16 tonnes of LPG Exploded Thrice

§ A total of 41 people became victims during first blast; out of which 20 died

§ Five people remained inside the house after first blast and escaped unhurt fromthe zone of accident before the second blast.

LPG Godown Fire in the Densely Populated Locality- Patna

100 cylinder Exploded

Nurpur ,

Didarganj check

post , Patna

Pipeline Disasters due to

Natural Calamities like Flood

and due to man made causes

Both 14” OIL & 8 “ IOCL’sPipeline at Teesta Meter GaugeRailway Bridge were sheared on4th October, 1968 as the Railwayembankment at both end of theBridge were completely washedaway in high flood- Oil Pumpingwas totally shutdown 24 days forOIL Pipeline and 27 days, IOCL’sPipeline and pumping resumedon 28th October, 1968 and 31st

October,1968 respectively

4th October, 1968: Teesta Wash Out : 27 days Interruption

On midnight of 17th /18th August, 1969 high flood water washed away one of the piers of the Railway Bridge over the

Chel River, WB

The Bridge decking, Railway lines and other fittings together with the OIL and IOCL Pipelines were thrown into the river. Both the Pipelines were dented and twisted, but fortunately there were no breaches and pumping was resumed within 21 hours

Chel Fury- August’1969

Flooded

Pump Station

Dumarin

Bihar

1972

Flooded

Pump Station

Dumarin

Bihar

1987

Disang Suspension Crossing Bomb Blast 8th June, 2005

Chaulkhowa

Bomb Blast

on 28th November, 1996

§ 14 ”Crude Pipeline of OIL§ 8 ” Product Pipeline of

IOCL§ 16 ” Crude Oil Loop Line

of OILCompletely sheared and Oil flow to Barauni Refinery, Bongaigaon Refinery and NJP Terminal of IOCL was disrupted for long duration

28.11.1997: Bomb Blast at Saklatinga ( Km 153.1), Assam

§28th November, 1998: Pipeline Blast at Kapili River Railway Bridge

§13th January, 2000 : Pipeline Blast at Dhansiri Road Bridge

§ 28th July,1963 : Road bridge carrying Pipeline over Dhansiri river

near Jorhat collapsed under pressure of high flood water. The

Pipeline remained intact and Pumping was continued through it. A

temporary submerged crossing was laid across the river and the

Oil flow was diverted through it. On 20th May,1964 the new Pipeline

was stringed on the newly concrete Road Bridge

§ March, 1965 : Pipeline had to be realigned due to massive erosion

of river bank due to flood at Parman River ( Km 951) in Bihar and

installed river training Spurs to avoid future erosion

Pipeline Disasters due to Blast & Flood

Our Country is yet not Well Equipped to

Tackle Well Blowouts and Well Fires due to lack of Expertise as well as Facilities

-We need to call Experts from abroad for

implementing various special techniques detailed in subsequent Slides

"Big Wind” vehicles being used to Extinguish Well Fire

“Big Wind”

MiG-21 Aircraft Engines mounted on T-43 Tank and T-55 TankWas very much successful in Kuwait Fire and was brought to the region by Hungarians

.“ Big Wind” - Equipped with MiG-21 Engines mounted originally on a T-34 (later replaced with T-55) Tank

To Blast a Large Volume

of Water at High Velocity

at the Fire-Using Gas

Turbine

Extinguished

9 Fires in 43 days in Kuwait -1991

Expertise Techniques Required for Tackling Well Blowout/Fire

§ "Athey wagons”- Special vehicles as well as the typical Bulldozer

protected by Corrugated Steel Sheeting used in Well Fires

§ Raising the Plume - Placing a Metal Casing 30 to 40 feet high over the

Well Head (thus raising the Flame above the ground). Liquid Nitrogen or

Water is then Forced in at the Bottom to Reduce the Oxygen Supply and

Put othe Fire

§ The "LeRoy Corporation, Houston Oil well Firefighters" developed Three

machines with an Arm that was Positioned over an Oil well Pipe on Fire. The

machine then Lowers a Cap over the pipe, Extinguishing the flames. These

machines and named as Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, for the

Biblical characters, who Survived Death from a Fiery Furnace. The walls of

the machines are Hollow, allowing Water Pumped through them to circulate

and keep the Interior Control Room Water Cooled during fire fighting

Expertise Techniques Required for Tackling Well Blowout/Fire

§ Nuclear Explosion: Through underground nuclear explosions

Well fires are extinguished, as the High Heat of the Detonation

simultaneously Displaces and Melts the Rock in its Vicinity, and

with that Seals the Previously Drilled Hole –It was first used

successfully in the former Soviet Union

§ Drilling of Relief Wells into the producing zone to Redirect

some of the Oil and make the Fire smaller by Pumping Heavy Mud

and Cement deep into the Wild Well- The first success of it was

experienced in Texas in the mid 1930s

§ Mechanical Jaws developed to Clamp Off the Pipe below the Fire

§ Dousing with copious amounts of water

Expertise Techniques Required for Tackling Well Blowout/Fire

We Depend on Experts- During Well Blowout & Well Fires

We Need - Specialised Equipment / Expert / Training

We NeedSpecialised Equipment / Expert / Training

We NeedSpecialised Equipment / Expert / Training

We Need -Specialised Equipment / Expert / Training

We Need - Specialised Equipment / Expert / Training

Athey Wagon

We Need - Specialised Equipment / Expert / Training

Athey Wagon

Major Oil Spill Cases : Tons of Crude Oil (thousands)

§ (16th January to 6th November),1991: Kuwait Oil Fire: 1,42,818 thousand Tons

§ (19th to 28th) January ,1991: Gulf War Oil Spill at Kuwait, Iraq & Persian Gulf:1,091thousand Tons

§ (20th April to 15th July), 2010: Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill at Gulf of Mexico: 585thousand Tons

§ 3rd June, 1979 to 23rd March, 1980: Ixtoc I Oil Spill at Gulf of Mexico: 480thousand Tons

A U.S. Air Force Reserve Plane Sprays

Corexit Dispersant

over the Deepwater

Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico

Clean-up Efforts

after the Exxon Valdez

Oil Spill

What Action Initiated in Country so Far ? - To handle Catastrophic Fire incidents in Refineries, Process Plants, Tank farms,

Pipeline, Marketing Terminals , Gas Gathering Stations and controlling Well

Blowouts and Well Fires etc ?

Plan for Setting up of Emergency Response Centre (ERC) for Petroleum Sector

§ Jaipur Fire in 2009 : Considering the recommendations madeby the MB Lal Committee after the Jaipur Fire in 2009, MoPNGtook initiative in setting up of ERC in India equipped with state-of-the-art fire-fighting equipment, modern gadgets andexpertise to handle Catastrophic fire incidents in Refineries,Process Plants, Tank farms, Terminals etc

§ November,2014: OISD team visited Refinery Terminal FireCompany (RTFC) situated at Texas, USA & in turn RTFC visiteddifferent Indian Refineries & Terminals on 20th & 22nd November,2014 & also gave a presentation on the same before MoPNG on21st November, 2014 in presence of all concerned stakeholders

§ March, 2015: Final report submitted by RTFC in March 2015with recommendations of setting up 22 ERCs across Indiataking into consideration of 2 hrs response time and costestimated to be Rs 1,000 cores

Plan for Setting up of Emergency Response Centre (ERC) for Petroleum Sector

§ May, 2016 : In the meeting at MoPNG on 19th May, 2016 -IOCL mentioned that they don’t have land at Hazira

§ May, 2016 : In the meeting of 19th May, 2016- IOCL, BPCL,HPCL, GAIL & ONGC were advised to identify place where4 to 5 acres land available for building up Five ERCs

§ September, 2016: Meeting was organized by MoPNG on15th September, 2016 involving all the Stakeholders and acommittee was formed under OISD for execution of theERC Project. It was planned that, first Pilot Project will beexecuted at IOCL Hazira plant at Gujarat followed withanother Five, after necessary survey, so that the can behandled as per requirement. Cost will be shared equally bythe participating Oil Companies

Plan for setting up of Emergency Response Centre (ERC) for Petroleum Sector

§ September, 2016: M/S EIL gave a presentation to MoPNG on19th September, 2016 and it was decided to engage M/S EIL asEPC Consultant for the ERC project

§ January, 2019 : In the Report of Chairman, StandingCommittee on Petroleum & Natural Gas dtd 2nd January, 2019,followings are mentioned which finally incorporated in the24th Report of Standing Committee on Petroleum & NaturalGas dtd 22nd January, 2019:

ü IOCL will set up ERC at Jaipur, HPCL in Vizag, BPCL inManmad, ONGC in Hazira & GAIL in Dibiyapur

ü Global Pre-Bid Meeting was conducted to engage EPCConsultant for the ERC project

ü No Response against the Global Tender publishedü It advices to revise BEC & BRC and Re-float global tender once

againHere we stand today in setting up of ERC starting action in 2014

§ The ERC proposed can meet the requirements of

Refineries, Process Plants, Tank Farms, Terminals etc butnot Well Blowout or Well Fire incidents

§ No ERC set up planned for North-East, where most of the Oilblocks are located

§ It is difficult to ply such Equpt in N-E Hills/others due toInadequate Infrastructure facilities like Road/Bridges /Culverts etc

Emergency Response Centre (ERC) Planned for Petroleum SectorHas not considered operations in N-East Region

06

75

OIL’s Operational Areas N-East : Upper Assam & Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal

Pradesh

ASSAM

ONGC, JV Group & Pvt Operators also having many blocks- Additionally 39 nos. of blocks awarded in recent times by GoI under OALP I, DSF I, DSF II and OALP II and III rounds to various Operators in N-E States

§ April,2010: However to comply MB Lal Committee’s 118

Recommendations in reference to Jaipur Fire in 2009, MoPNG vide its

order dtd 22.04.2010 advised all Oil Companies to upgrade the Fire

Fighting system in alignment to revised OISD Standards- 116 & 117

§ Such has been Upgraded in time bound manner for following cases:

ü IOCL : Refineries, Marketing Installations, Central Tank Farms and

Pipelines

ü HPCL , BPCL, CPCL, Mangalore Refinery & Petro Chemical: Refineries

& Marketing Installations

ü ONGC: Crude Oil Tank Farms , Gas Gathering Stations, Refineries,

Gas Processing Plants

ü Oil India Limited : Four Tank Farms- CTF at Duliajan, ITF at Tengakhat

and Tank Farms at Moran and Jorhat

Compliance of MB Lal Committee’s RecommendationsIn reference to Jaipur Fire in 2009

Recent

Major Changes

IOCL OIL DEPOT FIRE3,026 no : High Volume Long Range Monitors (HVLR)

installed at Refinery & Processing Plants (1,424 no) ,Marketing Installations (1,142 no) and 460 no in

Pipelines and Central Tank Farms

Major Upgradation in Fire Fighting Arrangements Done As per MB Lal Committee’s Recommendations

1,312 no: Auto Actuated Rim Seal Fire Detection &

Extinguisher System for all external Floating RoofClass A Tanks, based on linear heat Hollow

Metallic Tubes- Refinery & Processing Plants (540 no) ,Marketing Installations (683 no) and 89 no in Pipelinesand Central Tank Farms

Installation of Hydrocarbon Detection & Alarm System for all required cases

Recent

Major Changes

§ Fire Water System and Pumps are upgraded for Double Fire Contingencies forinstallation where Storage Capacity is more than 30,000 KL

• Medium Expansion Foam Generators (MEFG: 450 LPM) arranged for all requiredcases

• All Tank Body Valves converted to ROSOV ( Remote Operated Shut Off Valve)

• Mass Flow Meters installed for all required cases for Pipeline Transfer

• Replacement of Hammer Blinds for all required cases

• CCTVs installed for all required cases

• Emergency Kit arranged as per specification given in the MB Lal Committee’sRecommendation

Major Upgradation in Fire Fighting Arrangements Done As per MB Lal Committee’s Recommendations

Recent

Major Changes

Lessons Learnt from Oil & Gas Disasters in India

E Non-availability of critical equipment and resources for tackling

the scenario and lack of Expertise in the country to tackle Well

Blowouts/ Well Fire etc

E Crucial time lost in planning and arranging resources to tackle

the situation – As a result the situation gets aggravated

E Improper Evaluation/Analysis & and attacking the incident

E Failure to respond in time by the Site-in-charge /others during

occurrence of the incident

E Either absence of SOPs or non-adherence to SOPs

E Propagating negative messages in print and electronic medias

due to in-competent spokes person selected

Mother Lost her Son Children lost their parents

End Result after the Mishap/Disasters

Together towards Disaster Resilience in the North-East