Disaster Management Based on Nursing University Student's Knowledge (Case Study of Situ Gintung Flood March 23 2009)

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT BASED ON NURSING UNIVERSITY

STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE (CASE STUDY OF SITU GINTUNG FLOOD

MARCH 23 2009)

Rio Febrian

Student of University of Indonesia

Abstract

Disaster Management Based on Nursing University Students Knowledge (Case Study of

Situ Gintung Flood March 23 2009).Disaster management is a cycle that is consisted of four

phase, that is prevention and preparedness phase, response phase, recovery phase, and

rehabilitation and reconstruction phase. The student of nursing major held a strategic role indisaster management. Disaster management that is conducted by the student of nursing is ought

to include the education of well-preparedness for disaster that may happen to people. Flood

disaster is one of the best case studies to implement the disaster management that can be done

by the student of nursing.

Keywords: disaster, the education of well-preparedness, the student of nursing,

PREFACE

Indonesia has faced a lot of disaster. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB)

reported that since 2006 until 2009 the number of disaster occurrences that caused deaths in

Indonesia shows a steady grow. Indeed, the number of disaster that cost lives in 2009 is down by498 occurrences, as compared to 1302 occurrences in 2008. However, the quality of disaster is

increasing because the number of deaths is increasing from 470 lives in 2008 to 1807 lives in

2009 (Ivan, 2010).

The flood disaster of Situ Gintung at March 23 2009 is one of the disasters that happened

in Indonesia that year. The calamity caused destruction, suffering, loss, even death in adisheartening number. Satuan kordinasi pelaksana (Satkorlak) penanggulangan bencana provinsi

Banten reported that there are 82 people dead, 103 people missing, 179 people injured, and 250

house damaged because of the Situ Gintung flood disaster (BNPB, 2009)

University student has a strategic role in handling disaster that is happened in Indonesia.

The role of university student as social control is the key to the change in the dynamics of

society. The active role of university student in disaster management for the society is to be


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expected and it shouldnt have to be postponed until the end of the students study. Besides, the

obligation of serving to the society is a mandate that must be adhered by a student in order to

fulfill the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi.

The student of nursing that is one of the elements of civitas academica is charged to carry

out social function that is based on that knowledge that is obtained in the process of learning.The student of nursing must be able to apply the theoretical knowledge about disaster

management skill in its concept, theory, principle, indication, and so forth to decrease the risk of

disaster. Besides, the student of nursing must put those skills into practice in the times of disaster

under the supervision of senior nurse.

PROBLEMS

The sign of Situ Gintungs breakage was actually had been reported by the resident that

lives near the dam two years before the disaster happened in March 23 2009. At that time it wasdiscovered that the lower portion of water door has been eroded by the lake water, Situ Gintungeven had broke once at November 2008 (Daroyni dalam Mahardhika, 2009). Those facts show

that the management for disaster was still not effective and efficient. Besides, the management

for disaster didnt involved proper people and the student of nursing to decrease the risk of

disaster. Because of that, the student of nursing must take an active role in disaster managementfor the society based on the knowledge that is obtained in the process of learning.

PURPOSE

To formulate a constructive idea about disaster management that can be applied by the

student of nursing in a certain case of calamity and involving many people in an organized way.

BASIC OF THEORY

The Observation of Situ Gintung Flood

Situ Gintung is a small manmade lake in the sub district of east ciputat, the town of southTangerang, Banten Province. The lake is built at the colonial age around 1932-1933. At first the

lake is positioned as source for rice field irrigation water, which is to water two sites of irrigation

that is located at the downstream of the lake, the Gintung 1 that is 20 hectare wide and Gintung 2

that is 25 hectare wide. Based on the information of the locals, the downstream site of SituGintung until the eighties is still consists of rice fields. Nevertheless, the area of the farm is

slowly turned into housing area (Hutapea, 2009).


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Picture 1. The location of Situ Gintung between the dense settlements

Situ Gintung has been marked as a dangerous place for building settlement because it is

already predicted that the situ embankment might broke. Peraturan Menteri PU no 63/PRT/1993about Lake Boundary line, lake beneficial site, lake governance site, and former lake, is

prohibited to be used as a site to built permanent building for settlement and trade. But then, the

continuing utilization of space on the area of Situ Gintung becomes incontrollable and evendeveloped into places for recreation, restaurant, housing area, even educational facility.

The cause of the Situ Gintung flood is the overflowing water that seeped into the dikes

ground that is already has wide cracks before. Those things made the water inside the groundthat formed the dike became saturated and the load of the dike is increasing, this in turn caused

the cohesion value to become small and reducing its shearing strength. The congeries soilbecame loose, then triggered by the pressure (impellent) from the huge water level of SituGintung, the congeries soil began to form into new balance.

Those conditions are even made worse by the high level of rain that happened the daybefore the breakage of the dam that caused the water splash above the dam (overtopping). The

masses of the soil that formed the dam combined with water crushes the land and the stone

located under it and flows as combined substance (water combined with mud) that pour andbroke all things that stands in its path. The Situ Gintung dam will see the similar condition if the

dam is not immediately reconstructed with more firm structure.

Picture 2. The already leveled dam


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Picture 3. Natural dam that is formed by the slide

Disaster Management

The basics of disaster management are the four steps that must be done in a series before

and after disaster. Those steps are called the cycle of disaster management. Generally, the cycle

of disaster management is distinguished into four steps, which are prevention and preparednessphase, response phase, recovery phase, and rehabilitation and reconstruction phase.

Picture 4. The cycle of disaster management

Prevention and preparedness phase is the phase for preparing and watching about the risk

of incoming disaster. At this stage the focus is on the good preparation with thinking everymeasure to minimize the loss that is caused by disaster. Besides that, there is also the activity to

make a plan for effective way in aiding and helping the victims in the times of disaster (Anindita,2006).

Response phase, it consists of acute phase and sub acute phase. In this phase the thing towatch is how to do real emergency action to protect oneself or property at the times of disaster.

The activities that can be done is: the search and rescue for victims, instruction for evacuation,

guarantying the safety in the area of disaster, etc (Anindita, 2006).

Recovery phase is a shifting phase from emergency into stable situation. Recovery

phase is a short term phase to recover the public facility for the people (life support system) sothat it can function normally (Morissey, 2004). At this phase, the victims of disaster began to

repair their houses, moving to an emergency settlement, or begin to go back to school or work

and also engaged in recovering their residential area (Anindita, 2006).

Rehabilitation and reconstruction phase is made of two stages that is the rehabilitation

and reconstruction phase. the stage of rehabilitation is geared towards the effort to regain the

normal state of transportation infrastructure, energy and electrical source, mailing and telematicsystem, housing infrastructure and support (drinking water, waste, trash and drainage


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The activity that must be done immediately to decrease the effects of disaster is the

evacuation of victims and their possessions will get full attention from the government and

private enterprise alike and the society. At the times of disaster usually many people will giveattention and help for the victims. Those things are the big potential that can be used by the

nursing student to gather support towards the victims of disaster.

The student of nursing held a strategic role in building the awareness from the society

especially in the circle of civitas academica of higher learning. The nursing academica may use

the facility that is provided by the faculty such as the faculty news, wall magazine (mading), and

other things in order to built public opinion so that all of the civitas academica could be aware ofthe disaster that is in motion. In the end, this will bring positive effects with the morale, power,

or material support that is provided for the victims of disaster.

The high amount of gathered support is the advantage that must be carefully managed.

The university student may build a network with stakeholders from the government, lembaga

swadaya masyarakat (LSM), etc. on the other hand, the students must remain selective informing cooperation with each stakeholder so that every newly obtained support can be useful,

appropriate, and efficient towards the aid of disaster victim. The ordering for the disasteraftermath is one of the parts of rehabilitation and reconstruction phase in disaster management.At the stage of rehabilitation and reconstruction, the student took the role in providing health

support for society such as combating disease, monitoring, preventing the nutritional deprivation

and also anticipating the reproduction health especially of the victims that placed in shelter.

However, those activities will not have any significant effect if not done in a massive andintensive way in a long time. Therefore, the students must involve the entire stakeholder e.g. the

government, society, and LSM that has the same vision for the welfare of society.

The next step that can be done by the students of nursing in the phase of rehabilitationand reconstruction is to develop the society. One of the efforts that have been done by the student

of nursing in the phase of reconstruction and rehabilitation is to provide education support for the

child victims of disaster. This support is done by the student of nursing together with one of the

LSM to provide education for the child victim of Situ Gintung disaster. The support is namedSekolah Ceria Situ Gintung which is the abbreviation of Sekolah Cerdas, Riang, dan Agamis Situ

Gintung.

Sekolah Ceria is one of the parts of 100 programs for recovery after Situ Gintung

disaster. The Sekolah Ceria program focuses on the recovery from disaster trauma, while also

holding the children away from supranatural perception that is rampant among the victims ofdisaster. The student of nursing took role in educating those children and monitoring the

development of the childrens psychology. The educational funding and management is handledby the LSM.

Forming the Education for Well-preparedness Towards Disaster in the Society


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The role of nursing students for the management of disaster is not only in the state of

emergency. The nursing students also could hold important role in the stage of preparing and

readying for disaster and the stage of rehabilitation and reconstruction. Those things made acycle of disaster management that cant be separated from each other.

The things that can be done by the student of nursing in the phase of preparing andreadying is to form the education or preparing for disaster (disaster preparedness education).

Disaster preparedness education in its simple and organized form cannot be separated from

disaster management. Those things can be done in the society or the educational area from the

elementary until the senior high school.

The disaster management education ought to be done in the area that has huge potential

for disaster. Besides, the lesson that is taught covered two things that is the understanding aboutdisaster and the cycle of disaster management. And what is more, the student of nursing in their

efforts to decrease the risk of disaster could take a role as a pioneer that has an active role in

giving training for disaster management such as the training for First Aid in the Case of Accident(P3K), disaster simulation, etc. of course all of the above must be done by the students that has

already understood the knowledge about disaster management from the lesson.

CONCLUTION

1. The disaster management that is conducted by the students of nursing is not only for

when a disaster already occurred. It is also needed for monitoring, recovery phase,rehabilitation and reconstruction after the disaster.

2. The students must build a network with the stakeholders so that the incoming support can

be useful and efficient.

3. The recovery of trauma for the child victim of disaster must be implemented to fulfill the

childrens psychological needs

4. The education and training for disaster management in the society is one of the effort to

bring a sense of well-preparedness towards disaster

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anindita, 2006, Perencanaan Penanggulangan Bencana dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan

Disaster Management , Tugas Akhir TI-ITS, Surabaya.

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. 2009. Rencana Nasional PenanggulanagnBencana 2010-2014. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Jakarta.


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Hutapea, Firman M. 2009. Tinjauan Bencana Situ Gintung dari Sudut Pandang Penataan

Ruang.http://bulletin.penataanruang.net/index.asp?mod=_fullart&idart=164 [7 Juni

2010]

Ivan. (2010). Kerusakan Lingkungan, Risiko bencana Meningkat. Diakses dari

http://www.mpbi.org/content/kerusakan-lingkungan-risiko-bencana-meningkat [7Juni 2010].

Mahardhika, Putra. 2009. Situ Gintung, Tragedi bagi Kita Semua. Diakses dari

http://www.p2kp.org/wartaarsipdetil.asp?mid=2531&catid=1&. [8 Juni 2010]

Morrissey, J. 2005. Prepared by the Disaster for Sustainable Livelihood Programme. Cape

Town

CURRICULUM VITAE

Full Name : Rio Febrian

Place, Date of Birth : Jakarta, February 19th 1989

Sex : Male

Address : Jln. Syarbini II RT / RW 06 / 06 No 2

Kel/Kec Makasar

Jakarta 13570

Mobile Phone : 02191521916 / 085695662515
http://bulletin.penataanruang.net/index.asp?mod=_fullart&idart=164http://bulletin.penataanruang.net/index.asp?mod=_fullart&idart=164http://www.p2kp.org/wartaarsipdetil.asp?mid=2531&catid=1&http://bulletin.penataanruang.net/index.asp?mod=_fullart&idart=164http://www.p2kp.org/wartaarsipdetil.asp?mid=2531&catid=1&


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Disaster Management Based on Nursing University Student's Knowledge (Case Study of Situ Gintung Flood March 23 2009)