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Prior Investment
on
Disaster Risk Reduction
Japan-India Workshop on
Disaster Risk Reduction 19-20 March, 2018
Toru UEMACHI Senior Representative,
JICA India Office
JICA’s Approach along with
The SENDAI Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
1. UNDERSTANDING disaster risk
• MINDSET CHANGE through education and emergency training
• Enhancement of PUBLIC AWARENESS
2. Strengthening disaster RISK GOVERNANCE to manage disaster risk
3. INVESTING in disaster risk reduction for RESILIENCE
4. Enhancing disaster PREPAREDNESS for effective response, and
“BUILD BACK BETTER” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction
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*Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 New Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, which was adopted in UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in 2015
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Example for each stage of disaster management cycle
Disaster Education Emergency Drill
Hazard Map
Weather Monitoring
DISASTER!!
1. EMERGENCY RESPONSE
2. RECOVERY/RECONSTRUCTION
3.Resilience
Rescue Team Medical Team
Delegation of Specialist Team
4. Preparedness
Recovery of Infrastructure
Recovery of Livelihood
River Management
Shelter Landslide-Proof Construction
http://knowledge.jica.go.jp/km/FSubject0301.nsf/VIEWALL/3958A0A725ABA98549257A7900124F29/$FILE/Disaster%20Resilient%20Society_EN.pdf
JICA’s Approach
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NEPAL : Recovery and Rehabilitation from Earthquake
<Housing> • Emergency housing reconstruction • New guidelines for building earthquake-resistant houses • Training for engineers and house owners on safer building skills
<School> • Emergency school reconstruction with earthquake-resistant design
<Infrastructure> • Rehabilitation of damaged roads • Reconstruction of hospitals • Reconstruction of water transmission system • Construction of bridges
<Livelihood Recovery> • Technical support for communities affected by the earthquake
https://www.jica.go.jp/nepal/english/office/others/c8h0vm00009vyd39-att/brochure_08.pdf https://www.jica.go.jp/nepal/english/office/topics/c8h0vm0000b7cjnk-att/170426_03.pdf
Technical guideline for masons
Image of reconstructed school
Case Study - Recovery : Build Back Better!
Case Study - Resilience
Corruption of Rana Plaza, April 2013 Casualty:1,135
Japan’s Technical & Financial Assistance
• 65% factories did NOT comply the standard
• 2 Step loan for building resilience • Support ‘ENFORCEMENT’ of building standard
Ready-made Garment Sector Safe Working Environment Program (2013-)
Urban Building Safety Project (2015-)
• Financing(2 step loan) for private building safety • Construction & Retrofit of public buildings + Technical Cooperation (Retrofit manual, retrofit work…)
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Mangahan discharge channel
In September, 2009, the typhoons “Ondoy” hit Metropolitan Manila and around 500 people died in upper area.
In downstream area, the discharge channel cut the flood and succeeded to harness the flood 600m3 which was almost planned level.
Case Study - Resilience against Flood
The discharge channel constructed by Japanese ODA
Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement in Philippine
Great Flood in Manila (2009)
Protected urban area
Damaged area
Discharge channel
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Case Study - Mainstreaming of DRR
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Implementing Projects with DRR elements in Various Sectors
– Road Raising for Flood Mitigation
– Typhoon Resistant Hospital
– School-cum-Evacuation Center
– Flood Resilient Subway System
Thailand:Flood Resilient Subway
Raised 1m for flood mitigation
Philippines: Typhoon
Resistant Hospital
Thailand: Raised Road
Flooded!
Case Study – Preparedness : DRR Plan Building
8 industrial complexes 808 companies (inclu. 469 Japanese companies) → request for flood forecast system in Thailand Full-scale system to forecast overflow area with satellite
information. First time in the world!
Flood forecast map Water level forecast
Flood in the basin of Chao Phraya River
Project on Comprehensive Flood Management Plan for the Chao Phraya River, Thailand
Flood forecast! 8
Case Study – Preparedness : DRR Plan Building
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The typhoon “Sendong (Washi)” hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died.
JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for flood control.
This survey assisted to setup a river boarder line, which is the first case in Philippine, with the concept “not to live in danger area”.
Cagayan de Oro river
Detail topographical survey
Inundation analysis and evaluation
Briefing to local residents
Setup a river boarder line in the M/P
Master Plan for Flood Management and Management Capacity Enhancement in Philippine
GPS Station
GPS
Laser
Digital imagery
Case Study – Preparedness : DRR Plan Building
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DRR advisor stationed in Ministry of Disaster Management (2017 - 2020) Support in making National DM Plan 2018-2022 Technical support for introduction of up-to-date DRR technologies etc…
Landslide Mitigation Project Capacity enhancement in investigation, design, construction-supervision and monitor
Landslide Disaster Protection Project of the National Road Network Slope stabilization along high risk highways and introduction of early warning system
Landslide cutting off a road Collapsed Slope Slope management for falling
rocks
http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12154050.pdf https://www.jica.go.jp/srilanka/office/information/event/ku57pq0000211swv-att/151119_01.pdf
Case Study – Preparedness : DRR Plan Building
BCM : To maintain business continuity by protecting company's production, information, equipment, and employees.
Area BCM : A concept proposed by JICA in 2013. To maintain common resources to enable business to continue in widespread area.
Pilot Area BCP for Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand
Business is stopping.
With Area BCP
Time
Rate
of O
pera
tion
100%
0%
Without Area BCP
A-BCP
Disaster
Restart
Disaster Restart
RTO
Bottleneckresources
RTO =Recovery TimeObjective
Great flood in Thailand
Risk evaluation [case of Philippine] Effectiveness of area BCM
Area Business Continuity Plan (BCP) in SE Asia
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https://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/topics/press160829.html PRESS RELEASE JICA Extends Technical Assistance for Slope Disaster Mitigation Component in Uttarakhand
Enhance the capacity to plan and implement erosion control works for slope disaster management
The knowledge will be disseminated to other states
Damaged slope in a pilot site
Unit net
Round-shaped
anchor bearing
plate
Reinforcem
ent material
Image: Stabilization of unstable natural slope
Image: Completed hillside crib work
Erosion control techniques introduced by JICA experts
Case Study – Capacity Development Natural Disaster Management in the Forest Areas in Uttarakhand
Combination of loan project and technical cooperation
Risk reduction component
Loan Project Technical Cooperation
Experiences in pilot sites
Training for engineer in Japan
(Key point) Thorough preparation with strategic planning!!
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National Highway eroded by river, in West Bengal
Dangerous overhung in Meghalaya
~Enhancing Connectivity for North-East Region~ A loan project is also going on
North East Connectivity Improvement Project Phase-1
NH54
Mizoram Aizawl~Tuipang
about 350km
Connection to Kaladan Multi Modal Transport Corridor
NH51
Meghalaya Tura~Dalu
about 50km
Connection to Bangladesh border
Case Study – Capacity Development Highways in Mountainous Regions
New guideline for highways in mountainous regions inclu. tunnels, high-pier bridges, earthworks, slope protection etc.
Long-term cooperation for high quality infrastructure Fulltime JICA experts stationed in India for continuous support e.g. First JICA expert for highway project came to India in 2007
Steady advance!!!
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https://www.jica.go.jp/shikoku/topics/2017/1010.html
1. Young Leaders Training Course (Disaster Reduction Course) • 6 November - 25 November 2017 by JICA Hokkaido, Japan • 15 participants from various parts of India including NER • Course on;
a) History, experience, social background…etc., regarding disaster in Japan b) Knowledge, skill and advanced system used in Japan
2. Comprehensive Disaster Management in Small Islands • 14 August – 23 September 2017 by JICA Shikoku and Kochi University, Japan • Participants from Andaman Nicobar Islands
Education on disaster in an elementary school in Kochi, Japan
Survey on evacuation route from tsunami, in Kochi, Japan
Japan experiences various disasters ⇒ Know-how and Technology in Japan can be useful in India, too
Observing the community disaster risk reduction workshop,
Hokkaido, Japan
Young Leaders Training Disaster Management in Small Islands
Case Study – Capacity Development Training Course in Japan
Thank you!
धन्यवाद
c.f. http://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/about/message.html http://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/others/brochures.html http://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/others/presentations.html
Disclaimer While every effort is made to provide accurate information, JICA does not guarantee that there will be no errors in the contents of this presentation document, nor does JICA disclaims any liability for errors accruing from the use of the contents. The presentation document also includes contents, other information, and translated material provided by third-parties for which JICA claims no responsibility.
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