DISCUSSION ON POLLUTION (AIR POLLUTION) IN INDIAN …

DISCUSSION ON POLLUTION (AIR POLLUTION) IN INDIAN

PARLIAMENT

Published By: ENVIS CENTRE - WWF INDIA Supported By: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

LOK SABHA, 2016-17 BUDGET SESSION

Picture Source: Google

Be Fair

Clean Air !

Q NO. Q Type Date Ministry Member Subject 1565 Unstarred

03.05.2016 Environment,

Forests And Climate Change

Venkatesh Babu Shri T.G.

Air Pollution

1406 Unstarred 03.05.2016 Environment,


Mahto Dr. Banshilal Monitoring of Air Pollution

721 Unstarred

28.04.2016 Civil Aviation Venkatesh Babu Shri T.G.

Noise Pollution at Airports



Ranjan Smt. Ranjeet Air Pollution

2857 Unstarred

15.03.2016 Environment, Forests And

Climate Change

Venugopal Dr. Ponnusamy

Air Pollution



Gogoi Shri Gaurav Monitoring of Air Pollution

866 Unstarred


Climate Change

Kataria Shri Rattan Lal

Study on Air Pollution



Patil Shri Kapil Moreshwar

Assessment of Air Pollution

814 Unstarred 01.03.2016 Environment, Forests And

Climate Change

Fatepara Shri Devajibhai

Govindbhai,Mahtab Shri

Bhartruhari,Dhotre Shri Sanjay

Shamrao,Trivedi Shri Dinesh

Level of Air Pollution

AIR POLLUTION BUDGET SESSION, LOK SABHA

2016-17

AIR POLLUTION 3rd May, 2016 LSQ 1565 T.G. Venkatesh Babu Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:- (a) whether the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has been receiving large number of complaints from residents living near railway stations regarding problems of air pollution due to loading, unloading as well as transportation activities from railway sidings; (b) if so, the details thereof and the number of such complaints received during each of the last three years, State-wise and the action initiated thereon;

800 Unstarred 01.03.2016 Environment, Forests And

Climate Change

Raj Smt. Krishna Air/Water Pollution

775 Unstarred


Climate Change

Dwivedi Shri Harish Air Pollution



Singh Deo Shri Kalikesh Narayan

Indoor Air Pollution

(c) whether the CPCB has any proposal to bring in detailed guidelines, rules and standards for environmentally sound management of railway sidings in the country; (d) if so, the details thereof; and (e) the time by which the new set of guidelines are likely to be implemented? MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR) (a) & (b) Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has received complaints from public regarding pollution due to loading and unloading industrial materials at railway sidings. During last three years, complaints have been received on loading and unloading sites of Singraulli (Morwa) railway siding of Uttar Pradesh, Tandur railway siding of Telengana and Rengali & Sambalpur railway sidings of Odisha. (c) to (e) CPCB has developed guidelines in association with Railway Infrastructure Technical and Economic Services Limited for the Environmentally Sound Management of Railway Sidings. The guidelines are posted on website of CPCB for implementation.

*** MONITORING OF AIR POLLUTION 3rd May, 2016 LSQ 1406 Banshilal Mahto Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:- (a) the total funds allocated and utilized for checking and monitoring air pollution in the metropolitan cities of the country during each of the last three years and the current year, scheme and city/State-wise; (b) whether the Government is considering America's proposal regarding monitoring air quality in the country and if so, the details thereof; (c) whether the Government has any proposal for implementing public-private partnership module for traffic and industrial pollution management schemes; and (d) if so, the details thereof? MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR) (a) Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is monitoring the ambient air quality in the country including metropolitan cities in association with State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) / Pollution Control Committee (PCCs) of UTs, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) under the scheme “National Air Quality Monitoring Programme” (NAMP). The total funds allocated and utilized for checking and monitoring air pollution during each of the last three years and the current year, scheme and city/State-wise is annexed. (b)A proposal of Environment Protection Agency, United States of America regarding monitoring of air quality in the country in collaboration with CPCB is at conceptual stage. (c) & (d) Yes, Sir. CPCB has embarked upon to set up Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System (CAAQMS) in 46 million plus cities under Corporate Social Responsibilities Programme of Central Public Sector Undertakings. The CPCB is setting up 62 air monitoring systems in the first phase.

ANNEXURE

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) OF LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 1406 DUE FOR REPLY ON 03/05/2016 REGARDING ‘MONITORING OF AIR POLLUTION’ RAISED BY DR. BANSHILAL MAHATO, HON'BLE MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT

Details of Payment Released to Various Monitoring Agencies under National Air Quality

Monitoring Programme (NAMP)

S. No

Name of Monitoring A

2012-13 (Amount in

2013-14 (Amount in

2014-15 (Amount in

2015-16 (Amount in

1. Andhra Pradesh SPCB 9365000 8450000 7666250 - 2. Assam SPCB 2920000 8690000 7842500 - 3. Chandigarh PCC 248333 1986667 - - 4. Chattisgarh ECB 1373750 - - 1526250 5. Gujarat SPCB 805000 3809583 - - 6. Goa SPCB 9248000 8882500 7125000 7789333 7. Jharkhand SPCB 1960000 - - -

8. Himachal Pradesh SEP & PCB

3480000 5578333 - 10128333

9. Karnataka SPCB 2867500 - 354167 6749583 10. Kerala SPCB 3808333 - 6474167 - 11. Maharashtra SPCB 9428750 7467083 - - 12. Meghalaya SPCB 2496667 2297500 - 7845833

13. Madhya Pradesh SPCB 5153583 - - -

14. Mizoram SPCB 472500 5931667 1765000 5413333 15. Nagaland SPCB 793333 1360000 906667 - 16. Orissa SPCB 3956417 - 5734583 - 17. Punjab SPCB - - 7795417 - 18. Pondicherry PCC 1266000 - - - 19. Rajasthan SPCB 4788750 - - 4218750 20. Tamil Nadu SPCB 5327000 4399166 2358333 - 21. Uttar Pradesh SPCB 4150000 9586667 - 7263333 22. Uttarakhand EP&PCB - 3694334 - 4085833 23. NEERI 4860000 - 7047000 10800000 24. IIT Kanpur 458366 450000 3709378 - Total = 79227282 72583500 58778462 65820581

Note:- SPCB – State Pollution Control Board, SEP & PCB – State Environment Protection & Pollution Control Board, EP& PCB

– Environment Protection & Pollution Control Board, PCC – Pollution Control Committee, NEERI is at present monitoring in 6 cities in 5 different states/Union territories namely Delhi,

Maharashtra, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

*** NOISE POLLUTION AT AIRPORTS 28th April, 2016 LSQ 721

T.G. Venkatesh Babu Will the Minister of CIVIL AVIATION be pleased to state:- (a) whether the Government is aware that the noise created by aircraft at the Indira Gandhi International and other airports in the country is affecting the health of residents of nearby areas; (b) if so, the remedial measures taken by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation to reduce the noise pollution levels; (c) whether the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has directed the Government to file a report on noise level standards for airport zones and to restrict night flying at airports; (d) if so, the action taken by the Government on the directive of NGT; and (e) if not, the reasons there for? Minister of State in the Ministry of CIVIL AVIATION (Dr Mahesh Sharma) (a) & (b): Reducing the effect of aircraft noise on people and communities is one of the major objectives of International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). To address the aircraft noise related issue in an objective manner, Directorate General of Civil Aviation issued Civil Aviation Requirements (CAR) which provides the general requirements,procedures and practices to be adhered to by the stakeholders in order to manage the noise generated from aircraft operations inside and in the vicinity of all airports and to reduce its adverse impact on human beings and the environment without hampering the sustainable growth of the industry. (c) to (e) As per the direction of NGT, a status report on aircraft noise standards for airports including IGI Delhi airport was filed in March, 2016. No direction has been given to restrict night flying at airports. However, NGT has directed to submit a synopsis on restrictions on night flying before the next date of hearing on 29.04.2016.

*** AIR POLLUTION 26th April, 2016 LSQ 427 Ranjeet Ranjan Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:- (a) whether the Government is aware of air pollution related deaths and incidents of air pollution associated diseases and respiratory disorders in the country; (b) if so, the details thereof, State-wise; (c) whether the Government has notified any rules for transition to clean fuel technologies for households and is considering any international standards for reducing air pollution such as slum upgradation, waste management and urban planning; and

(d) if so, the details thereof? MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR) (a) & (b) There are no conclusive data available in the country to establish direct correlationship of death exclusively due to air pollution. Air Pollution could be one of the triggering factors for respiratory ailments and associated diseases. (c) & (d) The Government has taken steps to expedite the process of transition to cleaner fuel and notified rules for waste management in the country which include the following: i. The Ministry revisited the existing rules for better waste management i.e. hazardous waste, e-waste, plastic waste, bio-medical waste, construction and demolition waste and solid waste for better implementation and management in the country by notifying the following rules: a) Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 vide G.S.R. No. 395 (E) on 4th April, 2016. b) E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016 vide G.S.R. No. 338 (E) on 23rd March, 2016. c) Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 vide G.S.R. No. 320(E) on 18th March, 2016. d) Bio-medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 vide G.S.R. No. 343(E) on 28th March, 2016. e) Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 vide G.S.R. No. 317(E) on 29th March, 2016 and f) Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 vide G.S.R. No. 1357(E) on 8th April, 2016. ii. Revised final & Draft standards have been notified in respect of various industrial sectors; iii. Introduction of 5% ethanol gasoline fuel blends across the country by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoP&NG), iv. Introduction of alternative fuels like CNG, LPG and bio-diesel (B20), v. Progressive tightening of the emission norms along with supply of commensurate Fuel Quality and leapfrogging from BS IV to BS VI w.e.f. 01.04.2020. vi. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is implementing the Unnat Chulha Abhiyan (UCA) Programme with the objective to develop and deploy improved biomass cook stoves for providing clean cooking energy solution with aview to reduce drudgery of women and children through reduction of consumption of fuel wood, saving in cooking time and reduction of emissions.

*** AIR POLLUTION 15th March, 2016 LSQ 2857 Ponnusamy Venugopal Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:- (a)whether it is a fact that India does not have any mechanism to bring down peak air pollution levels and if so, the reaction of the Government thereto; (b)whether a lot of standardization work needs to be done to get all cities and all monitoring stations comparable; and (c)if so, the details thereof? MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR)

(a) to (c) The Government has notified National Ambient Air Quality Standards envisaging 12 pollutants to control air pollution under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. These norms have been formulated to adopt uniform methodology for measurement of air pollutants with the help of network of 612 monitoring stations set up across the country. The Government has also notified emission standards for on-road vehicles and mass emission standards for new vehicles under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. The same are enforced by Transport Departments of the State Governments through Pollution Under Control (PUC) regime. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has set up a mechanism called ‘Environmental Surveillance Squad’ (ESS) programme for carrying out surprise inspections of industrial units based on adoption of a uniform approach and elimination of subjectivity in scheduling of inspection. The role of State Pollution Control Boards / Pollution Control Committees is critical in enforcing the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The steps taken by the Government to mitigate air pollution in cities in the country include the following:- (i) Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards envisaging 12 pollutants; (ii) Formulation of environmental regulations / statutes; (iii) Setting up of monitoring network for assessment of ambient air quality; (iv) Introduction of cleaner / alternate fuels like gaseous fuel, ethanol blend etc. replacing petrol and diesel; (v) Promotion of cleaner production processes; Taking note of the gravity of Air Pollution, the Government has taken some more measures which include: (i) Launched National Air Quality index by the Prime Minister in April, 2015 starting with 10 cities and now extended to 23 cities; (ii) Implementation of Bharat Stage IV (BS-IV) norms in 63 selected cities and universalization of BS-IV by 2017; (iii) Decision taken to leapfrog directly from BS-IV to BS-VI fuel standards by 1st April, 2020; (iv) Comprehensive review of all Waste Management Rules including Municipal Solid Waste, Plastic Waste, Hazardous Waste, Bio-medical Waste and Electronic Waste. (v) Ban on burning of leaves, biomass, municipal solid waste; (vi) Promotion of public transport network of metro, buses, e-rickshaws and promotion of car pooling, Pollution Under Control, lane discipline, vehicle maintenance; (vii) Revision of existing environmental standards and formulation of new standards for prevention and control of pollution from industries. (viii) Regular co-ordination meetings at official and ministerial level with Delhi and other State Governments within the NCR. (ix) Issuance of directions under Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and under Section 18(1)(b) of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. (x) Installation of on-line continuous (24x7) monitoring devices by major industries.

*** MONITORING OF AIR POLLUTION 8th March, 2016 LSQ 1783 Gaurav Gogoi Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:- (a) whether the Government has specified a time-frame within which air quality index would be made operational in all cities of the country; (b) if so, the details thereof;

(c) whether the Government has any mechanism to ensure that air quality monitoring centres have sufficient data on air pollution; (d) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor; (e) whether the Government has taken steps to strengthen the monitoring infrastructure for such centres; and (f) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor? MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR) (a) & (b) At present, the Air Quality Index (AQI) is being implemented in 23 cities in the country. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has targeted all 46 million plus cities and 20 state capitals for operationalising AQI by the end of 2018. The AQI has been launched by Hon''ble Prime Minister on April 06, 2015. It is a tool loaded in the web portal of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for public information on the status of ambient air quality of selected cities considering eight pollutants i.e. Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Lead, Ozone, PM10, PM2.5, Carbon Monoxide and Ammonia for short term (upto 24 hourly) norms as prescribed in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS-2009). The National AQI is a significant tool helping the country in Decision Supporting System as a part of e-Governance measures. (c) to (f) Air Quality Index is a web-based system designed to provide status of Ambient Air Quality monitored through the network of CAAQMS set up by CPCB and SPCBs. The expansion and strengthening of CAAQMS is ongoing process. Presently, 23 cities covering 41 stations are connected to the continuous AQI network. They are Agra, Ahmadabad, Bangaluru, Chandrapur, Chennai, Delhi, Faridabad, Gaya, Gurgaon, Haldia, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Mumbai, Muzaffarpur, Navi Mumbai, Panchkula, Patna, Pune, Solapur and Varanasi. According to CPCB, an amount of ? 9, 01, 21, 917 has been released to State and UT Governments including metropolitan cities for strengthening air quality monitoring under National Air Quality Monitoring Programme during 2015-16 (till January, 2016).

*** STUDY ON AIR POLLUTION 1st March, 2016 LSQ 866 Rattan Lal Kataria Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state: (a) whether a comprehensive study on air pollution and green house gases in big metropolitan cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai (Madras) has analysed several sources for hazardous air including vehicle, power plant, industries, traffic, local power generators, hotels and open burning of municipal solid waste in these cities; (b) if so, the details thereof; (c) whether economically lower strata of the society which do not have proper infrastructure for collection and disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is also adding to dirty air; (d) if so, whether any proposal is under consideration for restaurants with seating capacity of more than ten to shift from coal to electric or gas based appliances; and (e) if so, the details thereof? MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR)

(a) & (b) The study conducted by Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore namely “GHG Footprint of Major Cities in India”, accounted the amount of three important greenhouses gases namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane(CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) for seven major Indian cities namely Delhi, Greater Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Greater Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad. The study showed that domestic sector has higher emissions than industries located in these cities. (c) As per the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 (MSW Rules), the municipal authorities are responsible for collection, segregation and disposal of municipal solid wastes within their jurisdiction. MSW rules prohibit open burning of garbage and guidelines are also in place to prevent air pollution from the MSW management sites. (d) & (e) Central Pollution Control Board has issued directions on 29.12.2015 to the State Pollution Control Boards/Pollution Control Committees of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi under Section 18 (1) b of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 for abatement of Air Pollution and improvement of Ambient Air Quality In Delhi & NCR region which includes prohibition of use of coal in hotels and restaurants and promotion of use of LPG instead of coal in restaurants/ dhabas / roadside eateries.

*** ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION 1st March, 2016 LSQ 831 Kapil Moreshwar Patil Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:- (a) whether the Government has assessed the level of air pollution in Delhi in the aftermath of mass introduction of Compressed Natural Gas and Liquefied Petroleum Gas driven public/private transport vehicles; (b) if so, the details and the outcome thereof; and; (c) the details of funds allocated and utilised during the last three years and the current year for improving the quality of air in the metropolitan cities and the details of the benefits accrued as a result thereof? MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR) (a) & (b) The ambient air quality is being regularly monitored in Delhi by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in association with Delhi Pollution Control Committee and National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) under the National Air Monitoring Programme (NAMP). The monitoring is being done in respect of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Particulate Matter less than or equal to 10 micron (PM10) in Delhi at ten locations. Ambient air quality data during 2000-2015 of Delhi are annexed. The analysis of data reveals that, SO2 levels are within National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 50 µg/m3 (annual standard) during 2000-2015 and shows decreasing trends. The data relating to NO2 levels are within NAAQS of 40 µg/m3 (annual standard) during 2000-2002 and exceed the NAAQS during 2003 to 2015 and shows increasing trend during 2000-2008 and fluctuating trend thereafter. The annual average of Particulate Matter (PM10) shows fluctuating trends from year 2000 to 2005, and after year 2005 annual average of PM10 shows increasing trend. The main contributors to PM10 are soil/road dust, airborne fly ash, secondary particles, combustion related sources etc.

(c) CPCB has informed that an amount of ? 7,92,27,282, ? 7,25,83,500, ? 5,87,78,462 and ? 9,01,21,917 have been released to State and UT Governments including for metropolitan cities for air quality monitoring under NAMP during 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15 and current year respectively.

ANNEXURE ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) & (b) OF LOK SABHA UNSTARRED

QUESTION N0. 831 DUE FOR REPLY ON 01/03/2016 REGARDING ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION RAISED BY SHRI KAPIL MORESHWAR PATIL

Air quality trend of Delhi

Years Concentration in annual average µg/m3

SO2 NO2 PM10 2000 15 36 1602001 13 40 1512002 12 38 1582003 10 42 1512004 10 46 1492005 9 47 1402006 9 47 1532007 6 50 1702008 6 57 2142009 6 50 2522010 5 55 2612011 5 57 2222012 5 59 2372013 4 66 2212014 5 61 2152015 5 59 221

Note: Source: Data as reported by CPCB/NEERI. Calculation for 2015 as per data available on date.

National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Residential, Industrial, Rural and others Areas (Annual

average) for SO2 = 50 µg/m3, NO2 = 40 µg/m3and PM10 = 60 µg/m3.

*** LEVEL OF AIR POLLUTION 1st March, 2016 LSQ 814 Bhartruhari Mahtab Devajibhai Govindbhai Fatepara Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre Dinesh Trivedi

Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:- (a) whether the annual average level of air pollution in urban and industrial areas have reached/crossed the alarming level in major cities of the country including Delhi, if so, the details thereof, city-wise and the reasons there for along with the reaction of the Government thereto; (b) the measures taken by the Government to curb the sources of air pollution in the said cities along with the funds provided for the purpose during each of the last three years and the current year, State/UT-wise; (c) whether the Government has issued guidelines and launched any new scheme or employed modern techniques to make the country pollution free; (d) if so, the details and achievements made so far; and (e) the other steps taken/being taken by the Government in this direction? MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR) (a) & (b) Central Pollution Control Board initiated National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) in the year 1984. Under NAMP, three air pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Particulate Matter size equal to or less than 10 micron (PM10), have been identified for regular monitoring at all the locations. The NAMP network presently comprises 612 operating monitoring stations located in 254 cities/towns in 29 states and 5 union territories across the country. Air quality data for million plus cities including Delhi during 2012-2015 is annexed. The Measures taken by the Government to curb of air pollution inter-alia include: • Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (2009), envisaging 12 pollutants; • Formulation of environmental regulations / statutes; • Setting up of monitoring network for assessment of ambient air quality; • Introduction of cleaner / alternate fuels like gaseous fuel (CNG, LPG), ethanol blend etc.; • Promotion of public transport network of metro, buses, e-rickshaws etc.; • Promotion of cleaner production processes; Taking note of the gravity of Air Pollution, the Government has taken some more measures which include: • Launching of Clean India Mission (Swatch Bharat Abhiyan); • Amending rules for handling and management of municipal wastes including construction and demolition waste rules notified for comments of stakeholders; • Launching of National Air Quality index by the Prime Minister in April, 2015 starting with 14 cities and now implemented in 22 cities; • Implementing Bharat Stage IV norms in the 63 selected cities and universalization of BS-IV by 2017; • Decision taken to leapfrog directly from BS-IV to BS- VI fuel standards w.e.f. 01.04.2020; • Holding regular co-ordination meetings at official and ministerial level with Delhi and other State Governments within the National Capital Region (NCR) and Punjab; • Formulating and notifying stringent industrial standards which include standards recently notified for thermal power plants and sugar industry; • Giving high priority for public partnership in lane discipline, car pooling, vehicle maintenance, pollution under control certification, action against visibly polluting vehicles etc.; • Installation of on-line continuous (24x7) monitoring devices by major industries; CPCB has informed that an amount of ` 7,92,27,282, ` 7,25,83,500, ` 5,87,78,462 and ` 9,01,21,917 have been released to State and UT Governments including for metropolitan cities for air quality monitoring under NAMP during 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15 and current year respectively. (c) & (d) Government has adopted modern methods/technologies to minimize pollution which inter alia include; cleaner technologies with new innovations, Air Quality Index, Online continuous (24x7) monitoring, promotion of

cleaner production by prescribing stringent environmental standards / norms etc. But for the various measures taken to control air pollution it could have been much higher. (e) The Central Pollution Control Board has issued directions on 29.12.2015 to the PCCs/SPCBs of Delhi, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana under section 18 (1) (b) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, for prevention and control of air pollution. The directions relate to control of vehicular emissions, road dust, other fugitive emissions, pollution from bio-mass burning, industrial air pollution, pollution from construction & demolition activities etc.

Annexure

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARA (a) OF THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 814 DUE FOR REPLY ON 01.03.2016 AIR POLLUTION BY SHRI BHARTRUHARI MAHTAB: SHRI DINESH TRIVEDI: SHRI DEVAJIBHAI G. FATEPARA: SHRI SANJAY DHOTRE

Air quality status of million plus cities for 2012,

2013 and 2014 (Annual average

(µg/m3)

S. No.

City State 2012 2013 2014 2015

SO2

NO2

PM10

SO2

NO2

PM10

SO2

NO2

PM10

SO2

NO2

PM10

PM2.5

1. Agra Uttar Pradesh

5 23 196*

5 21 184*

8 12 182*

8 15 192*

-

2. Ahmedabad Gujarat 12 24 83* 12 17 79* 13 20 85* 13 20 86* 31

3. Allahabad Uttar Pradesh 4 32 317

*5 29 235

*4 28 250

* 3 28 249

*-

4. Amritsar Punjab 15 39 202*

13 40 180*

14 42* 187*

12 34 169*

-

5. Aurangabad Maharashtra 9 32 80* 10 37 84* 12 39 85* 12 40 82* -

6. Bangalore Karnataka 14 28 121*

13 26 113*

13 30 140*

5 20 131*

-

7. Bhopal Madhya

3 21 173*

3 26 220*

2 20 156*

3 23 168*

100

8. Chennai Tamilnadu 12 21 57 14 22 75* 13 22 59 13 20 56 22

9. Coimbatore Tamilnadu 3 27 68* 4 24 56 5 25 48 4 25 47 24

10. Delhi (DMC) Delhi 5 59* 237*

4 66* 221*

5 61* 215*

5 59* 221*

95

11. Dhanbad Jharkhand 17 40 178*

16 40 151*

14 37 162*

12 37 168*

-

12. Faridabad Haryana 12 38 184*

12 26 196*

13 25 197*

15 73* 105*

-

13. Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh

30 34 248*

26 34 285*

26 39 246*

23 37 247*

-

14. Gwalior Madhya

13 27 329*

13 27 197*

11 17 148*

10 14 127*

78

15. Howrah West Bengal

13 40 186*

11 45* 187*

9 35 111 15 43* 123*

73

16. Hyderabad (GH)

Telangana 4 28 79* 5 24 90* 5 24 98* 5 25 94* -

17. Indore Madhya

12 20 143*

11 19 156*

11 20 144*

11 20 95* -

18. Jabalpur Madhya

2 24 75* 2 23 69* 2 23 69* 9 26 88* 33

19. Jaipur Rajasthan 9 52* 187*

7 40 160*

7 41* 154*

7 35 167*

-

20. Jodhpur Rajasthan 6 24 189*

5 23 176*

7 31 189*

6 24 151*

-

21. Kalyan Dombivali

Maharashtra IA IA 114*

25 54* 91* 40 77* 141*

17 47* 94* -

22. Kanpur Uttar Pradesh

8 34 215*

7 31 201*

5 34 199*

6 35 200*

-

NB. NA- no monitoring station in the city, @ -monitoring station sanctioned but not yet operational, ‘-‘ data not received, IA inadequate data, $ -there are three operating station in Raipur, however during 2013,2014 only one station is in operation and for 2015 two monitoring station is operating, *Concentration exceeding NAAQS of 50 µg/m3 for SO2, 40 µg/m3 for NO2, 60 µg/m3 for PM10, and 40 µg/m3 for PM2.5 for Residential/ industrial / other area & 20 µg/m3 for SO2, 30 µg/m3 for NO2, and 60 µg/m3 for Ecologically sensitive area. The data furnished in the table for year 2015 is as available on date.

23. Kolkata West Bengal

12 70* 135*

11 70* 159*

15 IA 107*

6 53* 108*

56

24. Kota Rajasthan 8 32 156*

7 33 122*

7 35 128*

6 33 115*

25. Lucknow Uttar Pradesh

8 32 211*

8 29 192*

8 28 175*

8 28 172*

106

26. Ludhiana Punjab 11 27 228*

11 26 204*

10 26 152*

11 27 139*

-

27. Madurai Tamilnadu 14 30 48 14 22 41 13 26 45 13 26 65* 24

28. Meerut Uttar Pradesh

4 43* 129*

5 39 134*

8 48* 154*

- - - -

29. Mumbai Maharashtra 5 20 117*

3 13 117*

4 20 95* 3 23 90* 22

30. Nagpur Maharashtra 10 32 103*

8 27 89* 10 25 93* 10 29 85* -

31. Nashik Maharashtra 24 27 95* 28 29 85* 25 26 73* 19 22 78* -

32. Navi Mumbai Maharashtra 17 43* 120*

17 44* 137*

18 40 151*

18 43* 137*

-

33. Patna Bihar 6 36 166*

- - - - - - - - - -

34. Pimpri Chinchwad

Maharashtra 22 47* 89* 20 43* 86* 22 41* 93* 19 53* 98* -

35. Pune Maharashtra 22 45 92 20 41* 88* 23 45* 92* 20 59* 96* -

36. Raipur$ Chattisgarh 14 40 268*

15 41* 305*

16 41* 329*

13 36 186*

-

37. Rajkot Gujarat 13 17 99* 12 17 87* 13 19 82* 13 19 83* 30

38. Ranchi Jharkhand 18 35 202*

19 36 177*

18 34 197*

- - - -

39. Shrinagar Jammu &Kashmir @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @

40. Surat Gujarat 16 26 97* 13 20 88* 15 20 89* 14 20 89* 31

41. Thane Maharashtra

20 12 72* 17 32 110*

18 60* 109*

28 58* 116*

-

42. Vadodara Gujarat 16 33 102*

14 19 89* 15 21 87* 14 21 89* 33

43. Varanasi Uttar Pradesh

18 21 138*

19 28 145*

19 32 139*

19 36 174*

-

44. Vasai-virar Maharashtra NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

45. Vijaywada Andhra

6 12 97 5 19 104*

5 24 100*

5 34 107*

-

46. Vishakhapatnam

Andhra

12 13 65* 13 18 67* 13 20 64* 8 18 60* -

***

AIR/WATER POLLUTION 1st March, 2016 LSQ 800 Krishna Raj Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:- (a) whether the Government has taken note of the increasing air and water pollution day by day in the country; (b) if so, the steps being taken by the Government to check the same; (c) whether the Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is also continuously increasing; and (d) if so, the details thereof and the reaction of the Government thereto? MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR) (a) to (d) Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in association with State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) / Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) is monitoring air and water bodies across the country under National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) and National Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NWMP). Three air pollutants viz. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM) of size less than or equal to 10 micron (PM10) are being monitored at all the locations. The air quality data for 41 major cities for the year 2015 indicate that all the cities were within the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 50 µg/m3 in respect of SO2, 9 cities exceed the NAAQS of 40 µg/m3 in respect of NOx, 38 cities exceed NAAQS of 60 µg/m3 in respect of PM10. Out of 15 cities, 6 cities exceed the NAAQS of 40 µg/m3 in respect of PM2.5. The water quality monitoring of water bodies at 2500 locations across the country under NWMP indicate that organic pollution is the predominant cause of water pollution which results in increase in Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Based on the BOD concentration criteria, CPCB has identified 302 polluted river stretches in 2015 against 150 polluted river stretches in 2008. The river stretches are polluted mainly due to discharge of untreated / partially treated sewage and discharge of industrial wastewater. Major steps taken by the Government to address the issues of air and water pollution in the country include the following:- • Launched National Air Quality index by the Prime Minister in April, 2015 starting with 14 cities and now extended to 22 cities; • Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards 2009, envisaging 12 pollutants; • Implementation of Bharat Stage IV (BS-IV) norms in 63 selected cities and universalization of BS-IV by 2017; • Decision taken to leapfrog directly from BS-IV to BS-VI fuel standards;

• Ban on burning of leaves, biomass, municipal solid waste; • Introduction of cleaner / alternate fuels like gaseous fuel, ethanol blend etc. replacing petrol and diesel; • Promotion of public transport network of metro, buses, e-rickshaws and promotion of car pooling, Pollution Under Control, vehicle maintenance; • Promotion of cleaner production processes; • Action to comply with effluent standards is taken by SPCBs / PCCs to improve the water quality of the rivers; • Installation of Common Effluent Treatment Plants for cluster of Small Scale Industrial units; • Issuance of directions for implementation of Zero Liquid Discharge; • Preparation of action plan for sewage management and restoration of water quality in aquatic resources by State Governments; • Installation of Online Effluent Monitoring System to check the discharge of effluent directly into the rivers and water bodies; • Setting up of monitoring network for assessment of ambient air and water quality; • Formulation of stricter regulations/ rules; • Issuance of directions under Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to industries and under Section 18(1)(b) of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

*** AIR POLLUTION 1st March, 2016 LSQ 775 Harish Dwivedi Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:- (a) the steps being taken by the Union Government to control the increasing air pollution in big cities of the country; (b) whether the Government proposes to make the use of CNG mandatory in all the big cities having more than 10 lakh population to check pollution in the country; and (c) if so, the details thereof? MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR) (a) The Govt. of India has taken number of steps to control the increasing air pollution. The steps taken by the Government inter-alia include; • Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (2009), envisaging 12 pollutants; • Formulation of environmental regulations / statutes; • Setting up of monitoring network for assessment of ambient air quality; • Introduction of cleaner / alternate fuels like gaseous fuel (CNG, LPG), ethanol blend etc.; • Promotion of public transport network of metro, buses, e-rickshaws etc.;

• Promotion of cleaner production processes; Taking note of the gravity of Air Pollution, the Government has taken some more measures which include: • Launching of Clean India Mission (Swatch Bharat Abhiyan); • Amending rules for handling and management of municipal wastes including construction and demolition waste rules notified for comments of stakeholders; • Launching of National Air Quality index by the Prime Minister in April, 2015 starting with 14 cities and now implemented in 22 cities; • Implementing Bharat Stage IV norms in the 63 selected cities and universalization of BS-IV by 2017; • Decision taken to leapfrog directly from BS-IV to BS- VI fuel standards w.e.f. 01.04.2020; • Holding regular co-ordination meetings at official and ministerial level with Delhi and other State Governments within the National Capital Region (NCR) and Punjab; • Formulating and notifying stringent industrial standards which include standards recently notified for thermal power plants and sugar industry; • Giving high priority for public partnership in lane discipline, car pooling, vehicle maintenance, pollution under control certification, action against visibly polluting vehicles etc.; • Installation of on-line continuous (24x7) monitoring devices by major industries; (b) & (c) There is no proposal at this stage to make the use of CNG mandatory in all the big cities having more than 10 lakh population.

*** INDOOR AIR POLLUTION 1st March, 2016 LSQ 769 Kalikesh Narayan Singh Deo Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state:- (a) the number of deaths reported across the country due to indoor air pollution and the amount spent by the Government on air pollution health-related costs in the last three years, State-wise; (b) whether the Government has held awareness drives to inform citizens, using biomass for cooking and lighting, regarding the effects of indoor air pollutions and if so, the details thereof; and (c) whether the Government proposes to provide solar cookers to households to reduce the incidence of indoor air pollution and if so, the details thereof ? MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (SHRI PRAKASH JAVADEKAR)

(a) There are no conclusive data available across the country to establish direct correlationship of death exclusively due to indoor air pollution. The details of funds released to various monitoring agencies under National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) for air pollution monitoring during last three years (2012-2015) and current financial year (till January 2016) are given at Annexure. (b) The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is implementing the Unnat Chulha Abhiyan (UCA) Programme with the objective to develop and deploy improved biomass cook stoves for providing clean cooking energy solution with a view to reduce drudgery of women and children through reduction of consumption of fuel wood, saving in cooking time and reduction of emissions. The MNRE provides partial financial assistance under this programme which includes distribution /installation of improved biomass cook stoves, training & user orientation, publicity & awareness generation and monitoring etc. State level workshops are held to create awareness about the need and benefits of improved cook stoves. (c) The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is promoting solar cookers to reduce indoor air pollution, under which about 7.05 lakhs solar cookers have been distributed/sold so far.

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARA (a) OF LOK

SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 769 FOR 1.03. 2016 REGARDING INDOOR AIR POLLUTION RAISED BY

SHRI KALIKESH N. SINGH DEO

Details of Payment Released to Various Monitoring Agencies under National Air Quality Monitoring Programme

(NAMP) till January 2016

S.No .

Name of Monitoring Agency

2012-13 (Amount in Rs.)



2015-16 (Amount in Rs.) till Jan 2016

Andhra Pradesh SPCB 9365000 8450000 7666250 - Assam SPCB 2920000 8690000 7842500 - Chandigarh PCC 248333 1986667 - - Chattisgarh ECB 1373750 - - 1526250 Gujarat SPCB 805000 3809583 - - Goa SPCB 9248000 8882500 7125000 7789333 Jharkhand SPCB 1960000 - - - Himachal Pradesh SEP

& PCB 3480000 5578333 - 10128333

Karnataka SPCB 2867500 - 354167 6749583 Kerala SPCB 3808333 - 6474167 -

Maharashtra SPCB 9428750

7467083

-

16316919

Meghalaya SPCB 2496667 2297500 - 7845833

Madhya Pradesh SPCB 5153583

-

-

7984417

Mizoram SPCB 472500 5931667 1765000 5413333 Nagaland SPCB 793333 1360000 906667 - Orissa SPCB 3956417 - 5734583 - Punjab SPCB - - 7795417 - Pondicherry PCC 1266000 - - - Rajasthan SPCB 4788750 - - 4218750 Tamil Nadu SPCB 5327000 4399166 2358333 - Uttar Pradesh SPCB 4150000 9586667 - 7263333 Uttarakhand EP&PCB - 3694334 - 4085833 NEERI 4860000 - 7047000 10800000 IIT Kanpur 458366 450000 3709378 - Total = 79227282 72583500 58778462 90121917Note:- SPCB – State Pollution Control Board, SEP&PCB – State Environment Protection

& Pollution Control Board, EP& PCB – Environment Protection & Pollution Control Board, PCC – Pollution Control Committee. NEERI is at present monitoring in 6 cities in 5 different states/Union territories namely Delhi, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Tamil

Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

***

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DISCUSSION ON POLLUTION (AIR POLLUTION) IN INDIAN …