O r g a n iz a t io n N a m e P ro po s a l T i t l e

1

DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Centre for New European Research

21st Century COE Programme, Hitotsubashi University

026

April 2007

http://cner.law.hit-u.ac.jp Copyright Notice

Digital copies of this work may be made and distributed provided no charge is made and

no alteration is made to the content. Reproduction in any other format with the exception

of a single copy for private study requires the written permission of the author.

All enquiries to cs00350@srv.cc.hit-u.ac.jp

1

1204 61

*

1204 4 1204

1261

1

1204

1

1081 1118 1092/93

5 42

* “Propaganda and Denominations of the Byzantine Successor States and the

Crusader States (1204-1261): An Essay on the Political History of the Empire in Exile”,

Mediterranean World, 18 (2006), pp.197-209. 1 G

2001 545 609 2 M. F. Hendy, Coinage and Money in the Byzantine Empire, 1081-1261, Washington D.C., 1969.

Idem, Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and the Whittemore

Collection: Vol.4, Alexius I to Michael VIII, 1081-1261, Washington D.C., 1999. C. Morrisson,

“Byzantine Money: Its Production and Circulation”, in The Economic History of Byzantium, ed. A.

E. Laiou, Washington D.C., 2002, pp.909-966.

12

4.3g 87

4.3g 10 30 4.3g

6 2 4g 2g 1:3:48:288 864?:576

1728? Hendy, Catalogue, p.51. Morrisson, “Byzantine Money”,

p.924.

2

3

4

1

________ ______ ______ ______ _______

__ ______ ______ __ __

______ _ _ _ _ ___

______ _ _ _ _ _

_________ _ _ _ _

_____ ___ _ _ _ _

_________ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _

____ _ _ _ _ _

____ _ _ _ _ _

_1224_ 46__

_1205_ 24__

_ 2________

1

513

12

6

1224 46

1205 24 12

2

3 V. Penna, Byzantine Coinage, Medium of Transaction and Manifestation of

Imperial Propaganda, Nicosia, 2002. 4 A. M. Stahl, “Coinage and Money in the Latin Empire of Constantinople”, Dumbarton Oaks

Papers, 55 (2001), pp.197-206. A. Laiou, “Use and Circulation of Coins in the Despotate of

Epiros”, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 55 (2001), pp.207-215. 5 Hendy, Catalogue, p.52, Table 3

1

ibid., p.664 6 1204 1304 (~4.3g,

75~50% Au) : (~4.3g, ~95% Ag) :

(~4.3g) : (~2.2g) = 1 : (12) : (288) : (576) Morrisson,

“Byzantine Money”, p.925.

3

1 3 1

7

2

3 12

8

3

91

3

1. 1204 1230

1 1204 05

10

7 Hendy Catalogue, pp.52-53.

8 A. E. Laiou, “Byzantine Trade with Christians and the Muslims and the Crusades”, in

The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World, ed. idem, Washington

D.C., 2001, pp.157-196. 9 Hendy, Catalogue, pp.635-638.

ibid., pp.648-650. 10

G 4

2003 J. Longnon, L’empire latin de Constantinople et la principauté de

Morée, Paris, 1949. A History of the Crusades, vol.2, ed. K. Setton, Madison, 1969.

4

2 1205 4

1197 1207

1207 1

1206 16

1207 24

11

1205

1192 1205 1207

3

3 1195 1203

1208

1211 1 1205 1208 21

3

1

1

11

P. Lock, The Franks in the Aegean, 1204-1500, London, 1995. W. Miller, The Latins in the

Levant: a history of Frankish Greece (1204-1566), London, 1908. J. Longnon, “The Frankish

States in Greece, 1204-1311”, in A History of the Crusades, vol.2, pp.234-275.

5

12

2 1185 95 3

1 1204

1513

4 1

1183 85

14

1216 1

1216

1216 19

1221 28 2 1228 61

2

________ ______ ______ ______ _______

__ ______ ______ __ __

_____ ___ _ _ _ _

_________ _ _ _ _

_1205_ 24__

215

12

M. Angold, A Byzantine Government in Exile, Oxford, 1975. 13

D. M. Nicol, The Despotate of Epiros, Oxford, 1957. 1267 idem, The

Despotate of Epiros, 1267-1479, Cambridge, 1984. 14

W. Miller, Trebizond: The Last Greek Empire, London, 1926. A. Bryer, The Empire of

Trebizond and the Pontos, London, 1980. 15

Hendy, Catalogue, pp.664-667,

pp.673-690. ibid., pp,668-669, pp.690-694.

ibid., pp.80-88,

pp.661-669. ibid., pp.670-672, pp.694-697.

6

16

14 La pratica

della mercatura perperi latini d’oro

17

181224

1 1215

1215 30 1216

1224 2

1227

1227 30

1230

2

2 1236 68

16

A. M. Stahl, “Coinage and Money”, pp.197-206. G. Schlumberger, Numismatique de l’Orient

latin, Paris, 1878; repr. Graz, 1954, p.274. 17

F. B. Pegolotti, La pratica della mercatura, ed. A. Evans, Cambridge, 1936, pp.288-289. 18

Hendy, Catalogue, p.53, pp.475-477, pp.661-663.

7

3-119

20

2

2 2

3 2

3

21

3-1

________ ______ ______ ______ _______

__ ______ ______ __ __

_ _ _ _ ____________

______

_ _ _ _ ____________

_____

_ _ _ _ ____________

_ _ _ _ ____________

_ _ _ _ _______

____ 1_

_1204___ 15___

_1215___ 30__

_1230__ 36___

____ 2_

_1236___ 68___

__________ 3_

____ 2_______

______ 1248__

3-2 1242

________ ______ ______ ______ _______

__ ______ ______ __ __

______

_ _ _ _ ____________

_____

_ _ _ _ ____________

_____

_ _ _ _ ____________

_______

_ _ _ _ ____________

_1225_ 30__

_1230_ 37__

_1237_ 44__

_1244_ 46__

3-2 1242

2212

19

Hendy, Catalogue, pp.621-631. 20

Hendy, Catalogue, pp.627-631. 21

Hendy, Catalogue, pp.625-626. pp.630-631. 22

Hendy, Catalogue, pp.543-600. C. Morrisson, “The Emperor”, pp.173-203.

8

23

4

2 1246

2. 1230 1261

123024

1204

1207

10

2 1218 41 2

1230

1230 2

2

4

________ ______ ______ ______ _______

__ ______ ______ __ __

_ _ _ _ _

_____________ _ _ _ _

____ 2____

_1218_ 41__

_1257_ 77__

4

252

23

2 S. Bendall,

“A Comment on the Coinage of John Comnenus-Ducas (1237-1244) in the Light of a New

Discovery”, Numismatic Circular, 113-5 (2005), pp.312-314. 24

1227 Hendy, Catalogue,

pp.473-475. 2 1230 ibid., pp.639-641. 25

Hendy, Catalogue, pp.639-647. ibid., pp.67-80,

pp.435-443.

9

261257 77

2

2 1827

20 1/2

=85.42% 1204 83.23% =20

282

2

2

1

1 1221

3 1221 54 1225

1230 13

1246

2 3

1240

3 1254 2 1254 58

4

1258 61

8 1258 82

5-129

1210 1211 12

26

Morrisson, “The Emperor”, p.188. 27

Hendy, Catalogue, p.641. 24

28

C. Morrisson, C. Brenot, J-P. Callu, J-N. Barrandon, J. Poirier, R. Halleux, L’or monnayé I:

purification et altérations de Rome à Byzance, Paris, 1985. 29

Hendy, Catalogue, pp.447-540.

10

301

3 4

3

4

5-1

________ ______ ______ ______ _______

__ ______ ______ __ __

_ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _

_____ 1______

_1205_ 21__

____ 3______

_1221_ 54__

_____ 2______

_1254_ 58__

____ 8________

_1258_ 61__

5-2

______ ______ Morrisson et al. "Proton"

______

____ ________

______ ______ ___ ______

16

perperi ingiallati 18

70.2 16.85

perperi latini 16 1/2perperi comunali 16 3/4

perperi buoni +16 2/3perperi d’un’ altra ragione -16 2/3perperi d’un’ altra ragione -16 2/3

_ _ 71.4 17.1

15 perperi paglialoccati 15 1/2 65.1 15.6

____ 3______

_1221_ 54__

_____ 2______

_1254_ 58______ 8________

_1258_ 82__

5-2

31

3 16 8 15

3 -16 2/3

18 8 15 1/2

30

Hendy, Catalogue, pp.133-134. 31

G. Pachymeres, De Michaele et Andronico Palaeologis, ed. I. Bekker, Bonn, 1835, 2 vols, II,

pp.493-494. Pegolotti, La pratica, pp.288-289. Hendy, Studies, p.527, Table 23. C. Morrison, J. N.

Barrandon, and S. Bendall, “Proton Activation and XRF Analysis: An Application to the Study of

the Alloy of Nicaean and Palaiologan Hyperpyra Issues”, in Metallurgy in Numismatics, vol.2, ed.

W. A. Oddy, London, 1988, pp.23-39.

11

3 70.2% 16.85 2

71.4% 17.1 8 65.1% 15.6

3

2 12 8

3 8

5-3

________ ______ ______ ______ _______

__ ______ ______ __ __

_ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _

____ 3______

_1246_ 54__

_____ 2______

_1254_ 58__

5-332

1246

2

4

1240

2 1246 78

1

1249

9 1226 70 7

14 1250

933

1255

1258

1 1225 63

32

Hendy, Catalogue, pp.601-617. 33

Marino Sanudo Torsello, Istoria del Regno di Romania, ed. C. Hopf, Chroniques gréco-romanes,

Berlin, 1873, p.102. D. M. Metcalf, “Frankish Petty Currency from the Areopagus at Athens”,

Hesperia, vol.34 no.3 (1965), pp.203-223. Stahl, “Coinage and Money”, p.203.

12

2 1220 50

1258 66 2

2

1259

1262

2

1

34

1261

8

835

3

1

34

Metcalf, “Frankish Petty Currency”. Idem, Coinage of the Crusades and the Latin East in the

Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 2nd ed., London, 1995, pp.252-257. 35

D. J. Geanakoplos, Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258-1282: A study in

Byzantine-Latin Relations, Cambridge-Harvard, 1959. S 13

2002

13

36

2 = 3

12

2 1

9 1

1266 8237

3 2

12

2

3

2

12

36

K

M

1994 37

9 J

2001

14

1252

38

1252

38

R. S. Lopez, “Back to Gold, 1252”, Economic History Review, ser. ii. 9 (1956-7), pp.219-40. A.

Watson, “Back to Gold-and Silver”, Economic History Review, ser. ii. 20 (1967), pp.1-34.

11 1231 2

Ph. Grierson and L.Travaini, Medieval European

Coinage: With a Catalogue of the Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, vol.14: Italy (III)

(South Italy, Sicily, Sardinia), Cambridge, 1998.