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Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universiteti
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti
xelnaweris uflebiT
sofio Tamazis asuli TevdoraZe
sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSesatyvisoba, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis
faqtori
disertacia
fsiqologiaSi filosofiur mecnierebaTa doqtoris akademiuri
xarisxis mosapoveblad
disertacia Sesrulebulia
Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis fsiqologiis
mimarTulebis bazaze.
xelmZRvaneli:
fsiqologiur mecnierebaTa doqtori
dali farjanaZe
Tbilisi
2011
2
sarCevi
Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Tavi I. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTkavSiris bunebis Sesaxeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
1.1. enobrivi niSnis problema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
1.2. saxeldebis problema eqsperimentul .fsiqologiaSi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
1.3. eqsperimentuli masalebi bunebrivi enis leqsikis saxeldebis
kanonzomieri xasiaTis Sesaxeb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5
Tavi II. problemis dayeneba da dasamtkicebeli debulebebi . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8
2.1. problema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8
2.2. dasamtkicebeli debulebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3
Tavi III. empiriuli nawili . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6
3.1 .I eqsperimenti. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis
faqtoris kvleva iaponuri enis sityvebze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.2 .II eqsperimenti. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis
faqtoris kvleva Sveduri enis sityvebze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4
3.3.III eqsperimenti. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis
faqtoris kvleva Sveduri enis sityvebze – bavSvTa saxlebSi. . . . . . . . . 101
3
3.4. Cveulebrivi skolebis da bavSvTa saxlebis cdispirTa
monacemebis Sedareba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2
Tavi IV. Sedegebis mimoxilva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9
4.1. mexsierebis klasifikacia aRdgenis maxasiaTeblebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, tulvingis mexsierebis ierarqiuli modelis
mixedviT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9
4.2. semantikuri praimingis gamovlinebis Sesaxeb saxeldebis
cdebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 5
daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 2
literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 5
4
Sesavali
saxeldeba sityvis qmnadobas, saxelisa da mniSvnelobis
pirveldakavSirebas gulisxmobs. sakiTxs _ rogor myardeba kavSiri
saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris, ra udevs safuZvlad sityvis bgeriTi
mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTTan dakavSirebas, didi xnis istoria
aqvs. miuxedavad amisa, dRemde specialur literaturaSi, ZiriTadad, am
sakiTxis ramdenime gadawyvetis cda gvxvdeba:
1. saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri SemTxveviTia, pirobiTia,
nebismieria, mocemuli mniSvnelobis gamosaxatavad, sasurveli ,,ragind
ra“ bgeraTa kompleqsi SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli.
2. saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri kanonzomieri xasiaTisaa,
maT Soris kavSiri ar aris SemTxveviTi. mocemuli mniSvnelobis
gamosaxatavad nebismieri bgeraTa kompleqsi ar gamodgeba.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi, saxeldebis sakiTxis gadawyveta dafuZnebulia
enaze dakvirvebiT miRebul masalaze, romelic emyareba mravalenianobis
faqts_erTi da igive sagani sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxva saxeliT
aRiniSneba.
meore SemTxvevaSi, saxeldeba emyareba faqtebs, romelTa sisworeSi
eWvis Setanis safuZveli ar arsebobs. saxeldebis kanonzomier xasiaTze
miuTiTebs mravali eqsperimentuli masala, romlebic Tanamedrove
fsiqologebisa da enaTmecnierebis mier iqna dadgenili. saxeldebis
kanonzomiri buneba vlindeba C. foqsis, r. irvinis, r. devisis, z. fiSeris,
S. tsurus, p. frisis, d. uznaZis, a. bainduraSvilis da sxvaTa
eqsperimentul gamokvlevebSi.
d. uznaZe eqsperimentuli kvlevis analizis safuZvelze mivida im
daskvnamde, rom saxeldeba SeuZlebelia SemTxveviT movlenad CaiTvalos
da mas aqvs Tavisi fsiqologiuri safuZveli, romelTagan pirveladad da
yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovnad Tvlis iseT faqtorebs, rogorebicaa
`zogadi STabeWdileba, emociuri toni da moyvaniloba, romelSic
saxelsadebi obieqti da bgeraTa kompleqsi urTierTs xvdeba~ (d. uznaZe
gv. 59, 1956).
5
ganwyobis Teoriis mixedviT, saxeldeba obieqtis asaxvis Taviseburi
formaa, cnobierebis winare mocemulobaa, romelic subieqtSi ganwyobis
saxiT aris warmodgenili. aRniSnuli Teoriis mixedviT, sityvasa da
mniSvnelobas ganwyoba aSualebs da maT gaerTianebas, maT sinTezs
ganwyoba udevs safuZvlad.(d. uznaZe, 1956w).
Mmiuxedavad, imisa, rom d.uznaZem da misi skolis warmomadgenlebma
eqsperimentulad daasabuTes saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba, jer kidev
ganagrZobs arsebobas Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviTac sityvasa da
mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri SemTxveviT, arakanonzomier xasiaTs atarebs.
winaaRmdeg enobrivi niSnis pirobiTobis Teoriisa, yovelTvis unda
arsebobdes damatebiTi argumentebi, romlebic gamoavlens sityvis
bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris ara SemTxveviT, aramed
kanonzomier xasiaTs.
a. bainduraSvili (1971w) enobrivi niSnis pirobiTobis Teoriis
sawinaaRmdego, yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovan argumentad miiCnevs,
saxeldebis cdebSi cdispirTa monacemebs Soris damTxvevis maRal
xarisxs. informacias, romelsac cdispirebi Rebuloben ucnobi enis
bgeriTi mxaridan, erTgvari interindividualuri konstantobiT
xasiaTdeba. masSi monawileobs pirveladi ganwyoba, romelic sxva
enobrivi koleqtivis wevrebisTvisac absoluturad identuria.
savaraudod, es aris yvela enaSi impliciturad Cadebuli fenomeni,
romelic scildeba individualuri gamocdilebis farglebs da yvela
eqsperimentSi sxvadasxva lingvisturi masalis, Tu sxvadasxva
situaciuri faqtoris (xanmokle da xangrZlivi mexsierebis
strategiebis) gamoyenebiT, vlindeba, rogorc koleqtiuri gamocdilebis
amsaxveli monacemi.
Cveni hipoTezis mixedviT, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSesatyvisad gancdis unari xels unda uwyobdes da zrdides
daswavlis produqtiulobas. sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas
Soris urTierTmorgebuloba da urTierTSesatyvisoba mniSvnelovan
rols unda asrulebdes sityvebis dauflebisa da daswavlis procesSi.
naTqvamidan gamomdinare, erT-erTi sfero, romelSic SeiZleba
gamovlindes sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
6
urTierTSesatyvisobis xasiaTi, unda iyos mexsierebis procesebi,
kerZod, daswavlis procesi.
saxeldebis problemis irgvliv kvlevaTa simravlis miuxedavad, jer
ar momxdara sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze mexsierebis sxvadasxva formis
gavlenis Seswavla. Cveni eqsperimentuli kvlevis mizans warmoadgenda
pasuxis gacema Semdeg sakiTebze:
1.ra gavlenas axdens miwodebuli lingvisturi masalis
reproduqciaze mexsierebis sxvadasxva forma, kerZod, xangrZlivi da
xanmokle mexsiereba. rogoria mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiis gavlena
saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze.
. eqsperimentis gansxvavebulad dagegmvis gziT, romelic cdispirebs
masalis aRdgenis sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda, vikvlieT mexsierebis
specifikuri, gansakuTrebuli roli saxeldebis procesSi.
2.aris Tu ara Sesatyvisoba sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas
Soris mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtori, stimuli da indikatori.
saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba unda vlindebodes mnemur efeqtSi. Cveni
hipoTezis mixedviT,es aris implicituri mexsiereba; igi praimingis saxiT
vlindeba da gavlena aqvs mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze. Cveni
eqsperimentis Sedegebi, semantikuri (konceptualuri) praimingis SesaZlo
gamovlinebas warmoadgens. konceptualuri testebi ki moiTxoven iseT
mimniSneblebs, rogoricaa mag.: kategoriebi, an zogad codnasTan
damakavSirebeli kiTxvebi, mimniSneblebi, romlebic mniSvnelobis
gaTvaliswinebas emyarebian ( Toth. H. 1996). saxeldebis kanonzomieri
bunebis amsaxvel yvela eqsperimentSi, swored cnobierebaSi mocemuli
Sinaarsis am Taviseburebas iTvaliswineben, radgan cdispirTa
umravlesoba, mocemul bgeraTa kompleqss Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi
ganwyobiT aRiqvams.
3. saxeldebis sakiTxi Cven davukavSireT mexsierebis Tanamedrove
Teoriebs (Tulving E., Schacter D.L. & Stark H.A. 1982). saxeldebis cdebSi
gamovlenili Sedegis safuZvels d. uznaZe ganwyobis TeoriiT xsnis. Cvens
eqsperimentebSi gamoikveTa gamocdilebis, rogorc ganwyobis, kognituri
aspeqtis mniSvneloba. gansxvavebiT individualuri gamocdilebisagan,
7
saxeldebis cdebSi saqme gvaqvs enaSi fiqsirebul e.w. ,,arqaul
gamocdilebasTan.‘‘
mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiis gansxvavebulad moqmedebis
SesaZlebloba saxeldebis procesze, saxeldebis safuZvlis sakiTxis
garkvevisaTvis , vfiqrobT, axal arguments warmoadgens, xolo ganwyobis
meqanizmSi kognituri aspeqtebis gamokveTa aris is procesi, romelic
safuZvlad udevs bgeraTa kompleqssa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSirs.
4. eqsperimentebis Sedegad irkveva, rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da
mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis wvdomis unari gavarjiSebadia
da mis ganviTarebas xels uwyobs saganmanaTleblo profesiuli
gamocdileba. (a.bainduraSvili, 1971w.) magram sakvlevia:
a) Tu rogoria gansxvaveba saskolo asakSi am unaris mixedviT
dabali, saSualo da maRali socialuri fenis bavSvebs Soris, axdens Tu
ara maTze gavlenas yoveldRiuri yofiTi pirobebi.
b)ra mniSvnelobas iZens individualur-kognituri
gamocdileba(leqsikuri maragi da sxva) sxvadasxva asakobrivi da
genderuli jgufis cdispirebisaTvis, bavSvTa saxlebSi Cveulebriv
skolebTan SedarebiT.
amrigad, SevecadeT gamogvevlina im faqtorTa jgufi, romelsac
SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos sityvis bgeris mxaresa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze.
5. a.bainduraSvilis mier (a. bainduraSvili, 1971) mraval sxvadasxva
erovnebis (monolingvist) cdispirTan analogiuri meTodiT eqsperimentis
Catarebis Sedegad gairkva, rom informacias, romelsac eqsperimentis
pirobebSi iReben rogorc qarTveli, aseve ucxo enaze molaparake
cdispirebi, maTTvis sruliad ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriT mxareze
dayrdnobiT, erTgvari interindividualuri konstantobiT xasiaTdeba.
analogiuri Sedegebi iqna miRebuli ,r.braunis, a.blekisa da a.horoviCis
eqsperimentebSic (Brown R.W., Black A.H. & Horowitz A.E. 1955) kvlevis Sedegad,
yvelgan Cndeba kiTxva, Tu ratom xdeba , rom sxvadasxva enis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi vRebulobT gansxvavebul Sedegebs sworad amocnobil
sityvaTa raodenobis mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa, rom cdebSi
gamoyenebuli yvela ucxo enis SemTxvevaSi, sworad amocnobili da
8
daxsomebuli ucxo enis sityvebi, SemTxveviTobiT mosalodneli odenobis
farglebs scildeba. es sakiTxebi eqsperimentulad vikvlieT ori enis-
iaponuris da Sveduri enis safuZvelze.
aRniSnuli debulebebis gansaxorcieleblad dasaxuli iqna Semdegi
amocanebi:
1. saxeldebis sakiTxis irgvliv literaturis mimoxilvis safuZvelze,
sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis mnemuri
efeqtis Sesaxeb, problemis dasabuTeba;
2. S.tsurusa da g. frisis meTodis modifikacia;
3. mexsierebis gansxvavebuli strategiebis SerCeva;
4. sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis mnemur
efeqtze genderuli, asakobrivi da socialuri faqtorebis gavlena da
Sesabamisi jgufebis SerCeva;
5. miRebuli Sedegebis Teoriuli damuSaveba mexsierebis Tanamedrove
Teoriebis safuZvelze ( Tulving E., Schacter D.L. & (1982). Ashcraft M.N. (1994).
sadisertacio naSromis aqtualoba
Mmiuxedavad, imisa, rom d.uznaZem da misi skolis warmomadgenlebma
eqsperimentulad daasabuTes saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba, jer kidev
ganagrZobs arsebobas Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviT sityvasa da
mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri SemTxveviT, arakanonzomier xasiaTs atarebs.
Cvens SromaSi miRebuli monacemebi, sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da
mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis mexsierebaze gavlenis
moxdenis Sesaxeb, damatebiT arguments warmoadgens niSnis pirobiTobis
Teoriis sawinaaRmdegod, kerZod:
1. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis Sesatyvisobis Seswavla
mexsierebis sxvadasxva formebze dayrdnobiT pirvelad Cvens SromaSia
ganxorcielebuli.
2. Cveni Sromis aqtualobas gansazRvravs, agreTve, sityvis bgeriTi
mxarisa da mniSvnelobis Sesatyvisobis mnemuri efeqtis, Tanamedrove
kogniturfsiqologiuri Teoriis safuZvelze (praimingis cnebaze
dayrdnobiT) axsna.
.
9
naSromis Teoriuli mniSvneloba mdgomareobs sityvis bgeriTi
mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis
intensifikaciis faqtoris rolis gamovlenaSi. saxeldebis kanonzomieri
buneba vlindeba mnemur efeqtSi, romelic swored mexsierebis aracnobier
formebTan aris dakavSirebuli. savaraudod, es aris implicituri
mexsierebis muSaobis Sedegi, romelic praimingis saxiT vlindeba da
gavlenas axdens mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze anu warmoadgens
mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors. aRniSnul mosazrebas saxeldebis
safuZvlis garkvevisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba, romelsac
SeuZlia naTelyos aracnobier doneze informaciis gadamuSavebis
SesaZlebloba.
Cveni eqsperimentebi adastureben, rom praimingi aadvilebs pasuxs
maRali tipiurobis mqone wyvilTaTvis.
Cvens kvlevaSi gamovlenili Sedegis, sityvis bgeriT mxarisa da
mniSvnelobis Sesatyvisobis mnemuri efeqtis, Teoriuli analizis
safuZvelze moxda d. uznaZis ganwyobis Teoriis kognituri aspeqtis
gamokveTa. rac Tanamedrove kogniturfsiqologiuri cnebis-praimingis
SemotaniT gaxda SesaZlebeli. zemoT moyvanili citatis WeSmariteba, rom
saxeldebas aqvs Tavisi fsiqologiuri safuZveli, romelTagan yvelaze
mniSvnelovania ,,zogadi STabeWdileba, emociuri toni da moyvaniloba,
romelSic saxelsadebi obieqti da bgeraTa kompleqsi urTierTs xvdeba~
(d. uznaZe gv. 59, 1956) , dasturdeba ramdenime aTeuli wlis Semdeg axali
da sruliad gansxvavebuli fsiqologiuri mimarTulebis safuZvelzec.
naSromSi gamovlenili Sedegebis analizi xdeba, m.aSkraftis (Ashcraft
M.N. 1994) mier warmodgenili modelis, semantikur mexsierebaSi
praimingis safuZvelze. saxeldebis SemTxvevaSic swored semantikur
(konceptualur) praimingis gamovlenasTan gvaqvs saqme. radgan
konceptualur testebSi, mexsierebis aRdgenisas moiTxoven iseT
mimniSneblebs, rogoricaa mag.: kategoriebi, an zogad codnasTan
damakavSirebeli kiTxvebi, mimniSneblebi, romlebic mniSvnelobis
gaTvaliswinebas emyareba ( Toth. H. 1996). xolo, saxeldebis kanonzomieri
bunebis amsaxvel yvela eqsperimentSi cnobierebaSi mocemuli Sinaarsis
10
swored am Taviseburebas iTvaliswineben, cdispirTa umravlesoba
mocemul bgeraTa kompleqss Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi ganwyobiT aRiqvams.
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba naSromis praqtikuli
mniSvneloba gamoixateba imaSi, rom sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da
mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unaris da sxvadasxva
faqtoris(asaki, genderi, socialuri garemo) Taviseburebebis
gaTvaliswineba sayuradRebo iqneba meore ucxo enis swavlebis meTodikis
SemuSavebis procesSi. am sakiTxis warmatebiT gadawyveta ki SeuZlebelia
sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTdakavSirebis
meqanizmis, misi struqturisa da bunebis codnis gareSe.
sadisertacio naSromSi miRebuli kvlevis Sedegebi saSualebas
iZleva, SevafasoT sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTdakavSirebis meqanizmze mexsierebis gansxvavebuli strategiis
zemoqmedebis pirobebSi Msxvadasxva faqtorTa gavlena(asaki, genderi,
socialuri garemo).
kvlevis mecnieruli siaxle _ kvleviT damtkicda mexsierebis
sxvadasxva strategiiT moqmedebis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
saxeldebis cdebSi. kerZod, erT SemTxvevaSi, saxeldebis procesi
dasrulda (xangrZlivi mexsierebis strategia), xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi
bgeriTi mxaris saxelsadeb SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis ganwyobis
SemuSaveba xanmokle droSi ar moxerxda.
damtkicda agreTve, rom . saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba vlindeba
mnemur efeqtSi,romelic swored mexsierebis aracnobier formebTan aris
dakavSirebuli. savaraudod ,es aris implicituri mexsierebis muSaobis
Sedegi. implicituri mexsiereba praimingis saxiT vlindeba,romelic
gavlenas axdens mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da warmoadgens
mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors. Cveni kvlevis farglebSi
sainteresod migvaCnia saxeldebis sakiTxi davukavSiroT mexsierebis
Tanamedrove Teoriebs.
11
cdispirTa monacemebs Soris damTxvevis maRali xarisxi orive enis
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi miuTiTebs imaze, rom maTi arCevani emyareba
raRac iseTs, romelic cdispirebisaTvis SemTxvevaTa did umravlesobaSi
erTnairad misawvdomia. igi ar aris ganpirobebuli am bgeraTa
kompleqsiT gamowveuli asociaciebiT da, saerTod, enis Sualobis
SedegiT. savaraudod, es aris yvela enaSi impliciturad Cadebuli
fenomeni, romelic scildeba individualuri gamocdilebis farglebs da
yvela eqsperimentSi, sxvadasxva lingvisturi masalis Tu sxvadasxva
situaciuri faqtoris moqmedebis pirobebSi (xanmokle da xangrZlivi
mexsierebis strategiebis) vlindeba, rogorc ,,koleqtiuri
gamocdilebis’’ amsaxveli monacemi.
.
12
Tavi 1. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTkavSiris
bunebis Sesaxeb
. 1.1.enobrivi niSnis problema
ena adamianTa urTierTobis iaraRia, romelic aRmocendeba SromiT
procesSi; ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, igi adamianTa kultu-
rul_SemoqmedebiTi, sazogadoebrivi urTierTobisa da sxvadasxva
msoflmxedvelobis gamomxatvelia.
ena Seqmnilia adamianTa koleqtivis mier iseve, rogorc iqmneboda
sazogadoebrivi yofis pirvel safexurze materialuri kultura,
pirveladi moTxovnilebis sagnebi da TviTon koleqtiuri meurneobis
saxeebi (nadiroba TamaSi, sxvadasxva xeloba). maTi arsebobis SedarebiT
Semdeg safexurze ukve Seiqmna mecniereba da xelovneba (mxatvruli
literatura, mxatvroba, musika, simRera, cekva), samarTali da
sazogadoebrivi Rirebulebis sxva kategoriebi.
enaSi aisaxa zemoT CamoTvlili kacobriobis kulturis ganviTarebis
yvela stadia, yvela gza da safexuri.
metyvelebis (enis) warmoSobis problema miuxedavad Tavisi
sirTulisa erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli problemaa.
enis Seswavlisas saWiro xdeba masSi sxvadasxva sakiTxebis gamoyofa.
`saWiroa gairkves metyvelebis biologiuri wanamZRvrebi, urTierTobis
moTxovnilebis gaCenisaTvis saWiro aucilebeli pirobebi, ra iyo sawyisi
masala da rogoria saxelis da mniSvnelobis dakavSirebis meqanizmi,
metyvelebis stadiebi da sxva~ (a. bainduraSvili 1971 gv. II).
metyveleba, ena gaCnda im momentidan, roca ama Tu im wamoZaxils,
sxvadasxva bgerebs garkveuli mniSvneloba daukavSirda, azri mieca.
amrigad azrovneba da metyveleba erTdroulad Caisaxa. metyvelebis
warmoSobis Sesaxeb Teoriebi, marTalia amomwuravad ver ganixilavs
problemis yvela mxares, magram verc erTi maTgani gverds ver auvlis
saxeldebis problemis gadawyvetas.
saxeldeba, sityvis qmnadobis, saxelisa da mniSvnelobis pirvel-
dakavSirebas gulisxmobs. sityvis aRqmisas es ori momenti – mniSvneloba
13
da bgeraTa kompleqsi – erTi Sinaarsis saxiT ganicdeba, misi qmnadoba
anu bgeraTa kompleqsisa da mniSvnelobis dakavSireba, raimes Sesaxeb
azris gamoxatvis saSualebac aris da SesaZleblobac. es procesi
socialurad ganpirobebuli fenomenia da socialur aqtivobad aRiqmeba.
antikur periodSi metyvelebis warmoSobis problema saxeldebis
sakiTxiT amoiwureboda. berZnuli lingvisturi azrovnebis pirvel
periodSi enobriv problemebs ZiriTadad filosofiur aspeqtSi
ganixilavdnen. gacxovelebuli diskusia warmoebda imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
gansazRvravs ama Tu im sagnis saxels, mocemul sagans ratom ewoda es
saxeli da ara sxva. platonis dialog `kratilSi~ problema sakmaod
detalurad aris ganxiluli. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi mosazreba
gamoTqves heraklitem, demokritem, protagoram, epikurelebma, stoelebma
da sxva.
yvelaze aqtualuri problema, romelmac filosofosTa yuradReba
miiqcia, iyo sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis, aRmniSvnelsa da
aRsaniSns Soris urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi.
imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iqneboda gacemuli pasuxi zemoT aRniSnul
kiTxvebze, Seiqmna ori Teoria. dResac saxeldebis sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi
SeiniSneba ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba, romlebic antikur periodSi aseTi
saxiT Camoyalibda.
erTis mixedviT, saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri bunebrivia;
maT Soris saerTo – is, rac safuZvlad daedo saxeldebas obieqturad,
saxelmdeblisgan damoukideblad arsebobs, sagnis saxeli misi bunebiTaa
ganpirobebuli.
meore ki Tvlis, rom saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris saerTo
araferia, maTi dakavSireba SemTxveviT, nebismier xasiaTs atarebs;
mocemuli mniSvnelobis gamosaxatavad sasurveli `ra gind ra~ bgeraTa
kompleqsi SeiZleba yofiliyo gamoyenebuli. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,
saxeldeba ar aris kanonzomieri procesi.
sakiTxis pirvelnairi gadawyveta mocemulia e.w. xmamibaZvisa da
Sorisdebulebis TeoriebSi, romlebic jer kidev Zvelma berZnebma
wamoayenes. xmamibaZvisa da Sorisdebulebis Teoriebi amtkiceben, rom
14
bgerebsa da am bgerebis saSualebiT aRniSnul mniSvnelobebs Soris
arsebobs bunebrivi kavSiri.
am Teoriis mowinaaRmdegeni miuTiTeben, rom sityvaTagan, romlebsac
es Teoriebi emyarebian Cveulebriv sityvaTawarmoeba ar momdinareobs da
arc gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad aris miCneuli. sagnis xmis, misi
formis da sxva niSnebis mibaZvas saxeldebasTan araferi aqvs saerTo.
sagans garegan TvisebebTan erTad sakuTari arsic gaaCnia, mxolod arsis
mibaZviT miiReba saxeli.
xmamibaZvis principze agebuli sityvebi zustad arasodes ar
warmoadgenen bunebriv bgerebs, radganac es ukanasknelni
daunawevrebulni arian, metyveleba ki danawevrebulia. delakruas azriT,
xmamibaZvis principze agebuli sityvebis mcirericxovanobis Sesaxeb, rom
araferi vTqvaT es Teoria mecnierebis ukve ganvlil etaps warmoadgens.
saxeldebis meorenairi gadawyveta, romlis mixedviTac saxelsa da
mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri nebismieria, pirobiTia sawyiss aseve
antikuri saberZneTidan iRebs. problemis am saxiT gadawyvetam asaxva
hpova enobrivi niSnis pirobiTobis formaSi, romelic enobrivi niSnis
ZiriTad Taviseburebad Tvlis aRsaniSnisa da aRmniSvnelis kavSiris
srul nebismierobas, sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
Sinagani motivirebis ararsebobas. am Teoriis momxreTa Soris unda
aRiniSnos sen-simoni, j. loki, J. ruso, e. kondilaiki, f. de-sosiuri da
sxva.
saxeldebis amgvari gadawyveta gansakuTrebiT f. de-sosiuris Semdeg
gavrcelda da ZiriTadad misi koncefciis safuZvelze mimdinareobda.
f. de-sosiuris fundamentalur naSromSi `zogadi lingvistikis
kursi~ yuradRebas iqcevs enobrivi niSnis Tvisebebisa da raobis miseburi
interpretacia. enobrivi niSani – f. de-sosiuris azriT, sagansa da mis
saxels ki ar akavSirebs erTmaneTTan, aramed cnebasa da akustikur xats.
. orive es elementi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan da erTmaneTs
gulisxmobs. `ena es niSanTa sistemaa, romelSic erTaderT arsebiTs
warmoadgens azrisa da akustikuri xatis SeerTeba, amasTan niSnis es
orive elementi Tanabrad fsiqikuria~ (sosiuri – 1933 w. gv. 39).
15
aseTi gansazRvra mniSvnelovan terminologiur sakiTxis wamoWris,
magram orazrovneba qreba, Tu samive arsebul cnebas iseTi saxelebi
daerqmeva, romlebic erTmaneTs gulisxmoben da Tan urTierTdapiri-
spirebulnic arian. sosiuri gvTavazobs SenarCunebul iqnas sityva
`niSani~ aRsaniSnavad, xolo termini `cneba~ da `akustikuri xati~
SevcvaloT Sesabamisad `aRsaniSnaviTa~ da `aRmniSvneliT~. am terminebis
upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom isini gadmoscemen rogorc maT
Soris arsebul dapirispirebas, aseve dapirispirebas mTelsa da mis
Semadgenel nawils Soris. rac Seexeba termins “niSani” sosiuri mas
sjerdeba, radganac sxva ufro Sesaferisi termini yoveldRiur sasaubro
enaSi ar arsebobs.
amgvarad, gansazRvrul enobriv niSans ori umniSvnelovanesi Tviseba
gaaCnia da amis Semdeg sosiuri ayalibebs enobrivi niSnis Sesaxeb
kvlevis ZiriTad principebs.
enobrivi niSani misi azriT, nebismieria. magram sityva nebismieri ar
unda iqnes gagebuli ise, TiTqos molaparakes SeeZlos aRmniSvnelis
Tavisuflad SerCeva. mas mxolod imis Tqma unda, rom aRmniSvneli
motivirebuli ar aris, e. i. nebismieria mocemuli aRsaniSnis mimarT,
romelTanac mas sinamdvileSi ar aqvs araviTari bunebrivi kavSiri
(sosiuri 1972 w.). sosiuri Tvlis, rom enis arseboba koleqtivis wevrebs
Soris erTgvari xelSekrulebis Sedegia, Tumca `niSnis nebismierobis
ZiriTadi principi xels ar gviSlis yovel enaSi ganvasxvaoT, is rac
safuZvelSive nebismieria, e.i. umotivacioa, imisgan rac mxolod
SedarebiT nebismieria – amgvarad niSnis nebismierobis gverdiT is uSvebs
aranebismier niSnebsac da askvnis, rom niSani SeiZleba iyos SedarebiT
motivirebuli” (sosiuri 1933 w. gv. 127-128). magram gadamwyveti mniSvne-
loba, rac ganapirobebs enobrivi niSnis nebismier xasiaTs aris is, rom
enis pirveladi ZiriTadi masala ar aris motivirebuli. debuleba
aRsaniSnisa da aRmniSvnelis kavSiris nebismierobis Sesaxeb emyareba da
xsnis mravalenianobis faqts, miuTiTebs imaze, rom saxeli ar aris sagnis
asaxva.
sosiurs enobrivi niSnis Sesaxeb aRniSnuli Sexedulebis gamo
usayvedureben araTanmimdevrobas, is erTi mxriv enobriv niSans
16
gansazRvravs, rogorc cnebisa da akustikuri xatis erTianobas, xolo,
meore mxriv, niSnis nebismierobaze msjelobisas mxedvelobaSi aqvs
saxelis mimarTeba saganTan. rac Seexeba aRsaniSnisa da aRmniSvnelis
kavSiris nebismier, aramotivirebul, SemTxveviT xasiaTs, es debuleba
uyoymanod aris gaziarebuli.
rogorc vxedavT, enobrivi niSnis TeoriebSi, gvaqvs saxeldebis
sakiTxis orgvari gadawyveta:
1. aRsaniSnisa da aRmniSvnelis dakavSireba kanonzomieri xasiaTisaa,
igi motivirebulia, maT Soris kavSiri ar aris SemTxveviTi, nebismieri,
mocemuli aRsaniSnis aRmniSvnelad nebismieri bgeriTi kompleqsi ar
gamodgeba.
2. aRsaniSnisa da aRmniSvnelis dakavSireba ar aris motivirebuli,
es kavSiri SemTxveviTia, pirobiTia, nebismieria, mocemuli aRsaniSnis
aRmniSvnelad nebismieri bgeraTa kompleqsi gamodgeba.
pirvelnairi gadawyveta emyareba faqtebs, romelTa sisworeSi eWvis
Setanis safuZveli ar arsebobs, kerZod: yovel enaSi piqtoraluri
momentebis Semcveli sityvebis sakmao raodenobiT arseboba, bunebrivi
enebis sxvadasxva kategoriis sityvebSi fonemaTa sxvadasxvagvari
ganawileba, mravalmxriv da mravalricxovan gamokvlevaTa Sedegebi. (am
gamokvlevaTa Sesaxeb Cven saubari gveqneba SemdegSi).
meorenairi gadawyveta emyareba mravalenianobis faqts – erTi da
igive sagani sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxva saxeliT aRiniSneba.
Tu yovel Sinaarss moepoveba Tavisi Sesatyvisi bgeraTa kompleqsi –
cxadia, es imasac niSnavs, rom garkveul Sinaarss imdeni Sesatyvisi
aRmniSvneli moepoveba, ramdeni enac arsebobs. swored miuTiTebs a.
bainduraSvili, rom `sinamdvilis erTi da imave faqtis, am SemTxvevaSi
aRsaniSnisa da aRniSnulis mimarT, gamoTqmuli ori urTierTsapirispiro
da urTierTgamomricxavi debuleba ar SeiZleba Tanabrad marTebuli
iyos, erT-erTi maTgani mcdaria~ (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 36).
marTalia aRniSnulisa da aRmniSvnelis mimarTebis nebismierobis da
aramotivirebulobis debulebis sasargeblod wamoyenebul argumentebs
Soris angariSgasawevi argumentebic arsebobs, magaliTad iseTebi
rogorebic aris, erTi da igive sagani sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxva
17
saxeliT aRiniSneba, saxeli ar warmoadgens sagnis asaxvas da a. S. magram
rogorc a. bainduraSvili aRniSnavs, debuleba aRsaniSnisa da aRniSnu-
lis dakavSireba pirobiTia, nebismieri da a. S. ara mxolod logikuri
TvalsazrisiT ar gamoiyureba unaklod, aramed TavisTavad ar unda iyos
marTebuli. amis dasamtkiceblad a. bainduraSvils mohyavs ramodenime
argumenti:
1. mocemuli mniSvnelobis aRmniSvnelad winaaRmdeg niSnis
nebismierobis Teoriisa, nebismieri bgeraTa kompleqsi ar gamodgeba jer
erTi imitom, rom sityvis bgeriTi garsis konstruireba xdeba ara
nebismieri bgerebisagan, aramed garkveuli enis bgerebisagan, romlebic
mis fonologiur sistemas qmnian da amitom imyofebian garkveul
urTierTmimarTebaSi, rogorc erTmaneTTan, aseve sxva enis struqturul
elementebTan.
2. mecnierebisa da teqnikis ganviTarebis Sedegad ena sul axal-
axali sityvebiTa da terminebiT ivseba. miuxedavad amisa “xelovnuri”
sityvebis Seqmna Zalian iSviaTi movlenaa da siZneles warmoadgens.
rogorc a. bainduraSvili aRniSnavs, aseT siZneles adgili ar unda
hqondes, Tu saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri nebismieria, iseve
rogorc ar unda arsebobdes `raRac, rac arCevans winaswar
gansazRvravda.~ `maSasadame, winaaRmdeg enobrivi niSnis nebismierobis
Teoriisa, enis axali sityvebiT Sevsebis praqtika gviCvenebs, rom saxelTa
SerCevisas, saxedebisas, yovelTvis dgas sakiTxi, saxelis ukeTes-
uaresobis Sesaxeb, yovelTvis aris raRac, rac SeuZlebels xdis
nebismieri bgeraTa kompleqsi nebismieri aRsaniSnis saxelad iqnes
gamoyenebuli~ (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 62).
3. nebismieri bgerebis nebismier SinaarsTan dakavSirebis damateba
aucileblobiT moiTxovs ara marto abstraqtiuli azrovnebis unaris
daSvebas, aramed daSvebas, rom ena Segnebuli qmnadobis Sedegia, rac
Tanamedrove mecnierebis monacemebs ewinaaRmdegeba.
4. Tu ki pirvelyofilma adamianma SeZlo da daamyara kavSiri
aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnels Soris da am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar
mieqca es dakavSireba cnobierad moxda, abstraqtuli azrovnebiTi
operaciebis gamoyenebis saSualebiT Tu ara; es jer kidev ar aris
18
sakmarisi, mTavaria am kavSiris gamoyeneba momxdariyo komunikaciis
mizniT.
imis gamo, rom kavSiri nebismieria, pirobiTia, cxadia am sazoga-
doebis jgufis yovel wevrs SeeZlo gansxvavebuli bgeraTa kompleqsi
daekavSirebina am SinaarsTan – es ki urTierTgagebinebas gaxdida
SeuZlebels. nebismierad gamogonili sityvebis gverdiT enaSi yovelTvis
aris yvelasaTvis erTnairad gasagebi araxelSekrulebis gziT miRebuli
sityvebi. es ki ewinaaRmdegeba ZiriTad debulebas, `rom ena arsebobs
mxolod erTgvari xelSekrulebis ZaliT~.
5. saxelisa da referentis nebismieri kavSiris daswavlisaTvis
aucilebelia am kavSiris mravalnair situaciaSi mravaljeradi
ganmeoreba. es ukanaskneli gulisxmobs bgeraTa kompleqsis nebismierad
warmoebis unaris arsebobas, rac saTanado motoruli grZnobis qonebis
gareSe SeuZlebelia, xolo nebismieri bgeraTa kompleqsis mimarT aseTi
grZnobis arsebobis daSveba SeuZlebelia.
6. f. sosiuri asociacianistur gavlenas ganicdis. misi debulebis
mixedviT, aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnels Soris damakavSirebel meqanizms
asociacia warmoadgens. ramdenad gamarTlebulia aRniSnul komponentebs
Soris damyarebuli kavSiris meqanizmad miviCnioT asociacia? rogorc
cnobilia, or movlenas Soris rom asociaciuri kavSiri damyardes,
aucilebelia asociaciis damyarebamde es ori movlena adamianis
cnobierebaSi cal-calke iyos mocemuli. asociacia meordeba am or
movlenas Soris droSi ramdenjerme, an ukidures SemTxvevaSi erTxel
mainc gancdis Sedegad. imis gamo, rom asociaciur kavSirSi asociaciis
wevrebi damoukidebel arsebobas inarCuneben, aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnels
Soris asociaciuri kavSiris daSvebiT vRebulobT, rom aRsaniSni da
aRmniSvneli adamianis cnobierebaSi cal-calke aRmocendeba. asociaciuri
kavSiri gamowveulia droSi mezoblobiT da ara Sinagani kavSiriT.
asociaciis wevrebs Soris mxolod meqanikuri, garegani kavSiria. anu Tu
davuSvebT, rom aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnels Soris kavSiri asociaciuria,
maSin miviRebT, rom metyveleba niSanTa erTobliobaa, romelic gvagonebs
am niSnebTan dakavSirebul mniSvnelobebs. aranairi aucileblobiT ar
aris ganpirobebuli metyvelebis unaris mqone adamianebSic ki, rom
19
azrovneba mxolod metyvelebaSi gamovlindes. aseTi msjelobiT miviRebT,
rom azrovnebas Tavisi arseboba aqvs da aranairi kavSiriT ar aris
dakavSirebuli metyvelebasTan. es ki Tanamedrove mecnierebis monacemebs
ar Seesabameba (a. bainduraSvili 1991 w. gv. 67). Tanamedrove fsiqologiaSi
eqsperimentulad dasabuTebulia, rom `bgeraTa kompleqsebisa da
garkveuli obieqtebis asociaciur dakavSirebas arasodes ar Seswevs
Zala bgerebis kompleqsi obieqtis saxelad aqcios: am niadagze,
saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa, rom bgeram signalis mniSvneloba
moipovos~ (d. uznaZe 1940 w. gv. 392). sityva signali ar aris. sityvebs Cven
mis mniSvnelobebTan erTad mTlianobaSi ganvicdiT. gancdis es
mTlianoba azrovnebis Sedegia. azrovnebis Sedegad sityva, rogorc bgera
hkargavs Tavis damoukidebel arsebobas da mniSvnelobis matarebeli
xdeba. mxolod amis Semdeg gadaiqceva bgera sityvad. mxolod amis Semdeg
qmnian bgerebi metyvelebas (r. naTaZe 1945 w. gv. 165-166). sityvis pirobiT
niSnad miCnevas ar eTanxmeba d. ramiSvili, romelic samarTlianad
miuTiTebs, rom `sityvis pirobiT niSnad aRiareba ZiriTadad gulisxmobs
sityvis orive arsebiTi momentis, bgerisa da mniSvnelobis winaswar
mocemulobas subieqtisaTvis. is gulisxmobs, rom es momentebi subieqtis,
saxeldobr, misi cnobierebis winaswari kuTvnilebaa. swored es
igulisxmeba sityvis konvencionalobaSi. amis gamo fsiqologiuri
TvalsazrisiT ar aris marTebuli sityvis pirobiT niSnad miCneva,
vinaidan sityvis gamoyenebis kanonzomiereba ar eyrdnoba aRmniSvnelisa
da aRsaniSnis winaswar dauflebas cnobierebis mier, sul erTia – am
cnobierebis subieqtad calkeul pirovnebas miviCnevT, Tu sazogadoebas~
(d. ramiSvili 1957 w. gv. 12). d. uznaZis mixedviT, sityva, enobrivi
ganwyobiT Seqmnili fenomenia –enobribi ganwyoba ki, misi azriT enis
Sinaformaa.
sityva bgeraTa kompleqsisa da mniSvnelobis organuli erTianobaa,
es erTianoba enobrivi ganwyobiT xorcieldeba. “sityva mniSvnelobisa da
bgeris erTianobas warmoadgens, ase vTqvaT, sinTezs oris sruliad
gansxvavebuli, heterogenuli procesisa . . . maS, rogoraa SesaZlebeli,
rom igini urTierTs xvdebodnen da sityvaSi gaerTianebuli saxiT
gvevlinebodnen? sityva, rogorc ideisa da bgeriT-motoruli formis
20
ganawevrebuli mTlianobaa, specifikuri enobrivi ganwyobis realizacias
warmoadgens . . . `mis `Sinaformas~ ara enis `inteleqtualuri nawili~
(humboldti 1936 w.) an esa Tu is fsiqologiuri Sinaarsi (vundti 1913 w.),
aramed ganwyoba qmnis. `sityvasa da mniSvnelobas ganwyoba aSualebs, maTs
gaerTianebas, maTs sinTezs ganwyoba udevs safuZvelad~” (d. uznaZe 1947
w.).
7. da bolos xmamibaZvis, Sorisdebulebis da sxva Teoriebs, romel-
Ta mixedviTac kavSiri aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnels Soris kanonzomier
xasiaTs atarebs, TavianTi mtkicebis damadasturebeli faqtebi mohyavT,
kerZod, yovel enaSi piktoraluri sityvebis arsebobis faqti. is, vinc
saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSirs nebismierad, pirobiTad acxadebs,
valdebulia es faqtebi axsnas. nebismierobis Teoriis warmomadgenlebi
ver axerxeben TavianT principebze dayrdnobiT axsnan piqtoraluri
sityvebi da sabolood iZulebulni xdebian enis leqsika ori kategoriis
sityvebad dahyon. rac ukve TavisTavad sakiTxis gadawyvetis sisusteze
miuTiTebs. amgvarad enebrivi niSnis pirobiTobis TeoriaSi saxedebis
sakiTxis gadawyveta mravali seriozuli naklovanebebiT xasiaTdeba.
SesaZlebelia Tu ara sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
eqsperimentuli kvleva?
saxeldebis problemis eqsperimentuli kvleva mTel rig
siZneleebTan aris dakavSirebuli. umTavresi siZnele uznaZis azriT,
mainc imaSi mdgomareobs, rom eqsperimentisaTvis Sesaferisi cdispiri ar
arsebobs. paulis TqmiT, sityvaTa pirvelqmnadobis arsi imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom `esa Tu is bgeraTa jgufi Seufarddeba ama Tu im
warmodgenaTa jgufs, romelic Semdeg mis mniSvnelobad iqceva, magram es
Sefardeba uTuod ise xdeba, rom verc erTma warmodgenaTa jgufma,
romelic ukve dakavSirebulia bgeraTa gansazRvrul jgufTan ver unda
SeZlos raime Suamavlobis gaweva~ (g. pauli 1960 w.). magram radgan
Tanamedrove adamiani ganviTarebuli enis atmosferoSi cxovrobs, rogor
unda SeZlos ise, rom bgeraTa kompleqsis mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebis
dros ukve saxeldebulis raime warmodgenis Suamavlobas ar mimarTos?
amrigad eqsperimentul pirobebSi yovelTvis iarsebebs iseTi raRac, rac
TiTqosda SeuZlebels gaxdis sityvaTa pirvelqmnilobis procesis
21
daxasiaTebas, amis mizezad g. paulsa da d. uznaZes miaCniaT asociaciebi,
riTac es Sinaarsebi ukavSirdeba saxelmdeblis mier memkvidreobiT
miRebul gonebriv masalas.
es ueWvelad qmnis did siZneles, magram meore mxriv arc imis
uaryofa SeiZleba, rom Tanamedrove kulturul enebSic warmoebs axali
enobrivi masalis Semoqmedeba, rom aseTi Semoqmedeba arc arasodes
Sewyvetila da albaT arc arasodes Sewydeba. verc imas vityviT, rom
pirvelyofili adamianis is SesaZleblobebi, romlebic enis Semoqmedebas
edo safuZvlad, enis warmoSobasTan erTad moispo da Tanamedrove
adamianis enobrivi Semoqmedeba principulad gansxvavebul procesebs
Seicavs. es Sexedulebebi ukugdebul iqna.
paulis azriT, aRniSnuli siZnele SesaZlebelia moxsnilad
CaiTvalos da cdispirad Tanamedrove adamianic gamosadegad iqnes
miCneuli. Tanamedrove adamiansac xSirad uxdeba am sakiTxis gadawyveta.
igi xSirad xvdeba enaSi axal aRuniSnav movlenebs da iZulebulia
moaxdinos maTi saxeldeba. saxeli mis mier ise unda iqnes SerCeuli, rom
rac SeiZleba naklebi asociaciebi aRZras nacnob saganTa mimarT. d.
uznaZis saxeldebis cdebi, swored iseT SemTxvevebs exeba, roca
Tanamedrove adamians uxdeba ucnobi obieqtebis saxeldeba garkveuli
sityvieri masaliT. Tumca, rogorc TviTon aRniSnavs “sruliad
indiferentuli masala adamianisaTvis da isic TanamedrovesaTvis ar
arsebobs . . . sanam pirvelyofili adamiani sityvis saxeldebis funqcias
SeimuSavebda, igi ukve icnobda bgeraTa kompleqsebsa da Jestebis enas,
viTarca afeqtTa da survilTa sityvebs. misi gansxvaveba Tanamedrove
adamianTan SedarebiT, romelic aRniSnuli pirobebSia Cayenebuli,
principialurisa da arsebiTi bunebisad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. amitom
Tanamedrove adamianis saxeldebis fsiqologiis gaTvaliwineba, garda
imisa, rom es TavisTavadia, sainteresoa, uTuod mogvcems xelT zog iseT
debulebaT, romelTaganac daskvna pirveladi enobrivi Semoqmedebis
Sesaxebac SeiZleba moxerxdes (d. uznaZe 1956 w. gv. 4).
a. bainduraSvili Tvlis, rom saxeldebis procesis eqsperimentuli
kvlevis marTebuloba-umarTebuloba, misi Sedegebis adgilisa da
22
mniSvnelobis rolis gansazRvra, unda gadawydes am kvlevis Sedegebis
safuZvelze da ara winaswar miRebuli Teoriuli mosazrebebis mixedviT.
saxeldebis problemis, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTmimarTebis eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebis mimoxilva
gvaZlevs imis Tqmis saSualebas, rom kvleva SesaZlebelia, xolo
Sedegebi – sakmaod mniSvnelovani (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w.).
1.2. saxeldebis problema eqsperimentul fsiqologiaSi
saxeldebis problemis eqsperimentuli kvleva Cveni saukunis ociani
wlebidan iwyeba. 1916 w. j. ingliSma gamoaqveyna eqsperimentuli
gamokvleva, romelic miznad isaxavda gaerkvia `sakuTari saxelebis
fiziognomiis roli am saxelebis matarebel ucnob individebze
SemuSavebuli warmodgenebis ragvarobaSi~.
es gamokvleva sawyiss iRebs k. kolaritsisa da e. klaparedis
gamokvlevebidan (1914 w.). k. kolaritsis dakvirvebis masalebis analizis
Sedegad askvnis, rom ucnob individebze, literaturul gmirebze an
ucnob adgilmdebareobaze Cven mier SemuSavebuli vizualuri xati
SeiZleba gansazRvruli iyos misi azrebiT, stiliT, nacionalobiT, misi
saxelisa da profesiis msgavsebiT nacnob pirovnebebTan da sxva.
e. klaparedi, k. kolaritsis am gamokvlevis ganxilvisas miuTiTebs,
rom aseTi vizualuri xatebis ragvaroba sxva faqtorebTan erTad
mniSvnelovnad aris gansazRvruli agreTve `sakuTari saxelebis
fiziognomiiTac~ – saxelis JReradobas aqvs afeqturi toni, romelic
monawileobs am saxelis matarebeli individis Sesaxeb gonebrivi xatis
SemuSavebaSi. klaparedis azriT, sakuTari saxelebis fiziognomia ar
SeiZleba iyos individualuri faqtori, radganac es saxelebi yvela
mkiTxvelSi analogiur efeqts iwvevs.
j. ingliSma eqsperimentulad Seamowma e. klaparedis zemoT
moyvanili mosazreba: man Caatara cdebis sami varianti: 1. cdispirebs
aZlevda maTTvis ucnobi adamianebis saxelebs da sTxovda aReweraT am
23
saxelebis matarebeli individebi; 2. adamianTa saxelebis nacvlad
cdispirebs eZleodaT uazro bgeraTa kompleqsebi da evalebodaT
aReweraT adamianebi, romlebsac SeiZleboda hqonodaT zustad aseTi
saxeli; 3. cdispirebs aCvenebdnen ucnobi individebis suraTebs da
avalebdnen saxeli SeerCiaT maTTvis.
j. ingliSis eqsperimentebSi, rogorc TviTon miuTiTebs,
fiziognomiis mxolod ramodenime SemTxveva gamovlinda. `Tu aviRebT 500
Cvenebas, Sedegi negatiuria~. ar arsebobs konstanturi an mudmivi,
erTgvarovani tendencia cdispirebs Soris arc erTi da igive saxeli-
saTvis msgavsi tipis warmodgenaSi, arc erTi da imave suraTisaTvis
msgavsi saxelis micemaSi.
e. alspaCi (1917 w.) agrZelebs ingliSis mier wamowyebul kvlevas. man
Tavis erTaderT cdispirs, romelic adre ingliSis cdebSi
monawileobda, ukiTxavda 50 uazro sityvas da sTxovda aRewera
pirovneba, romelsac SeiZleba rqmeoda es saxeli. cdispiris
TviTdakvirvebis masalebidan gamoirkva, rom mowodebul “saxelTagan”
zogierTi miuTiTebda nacionalobaze, zogierTi ki ufro konkretuli
pirovnebis saxelad ganicdeboda. zogjer gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
eniWeboda asociaciebs, xSir SemTxvevaSi ki cdispiris qcevis
ganmsazRvreli iyo `sityvis~ bgeriTi mniSvneloba.
j. ingliSis da e. alspaCis gamokvlevebSi miRebuli Sedegebi ar
ganixileboda saxeldebis problemasTan mimarTebaSi, magram maTi
gamokvlevebis Sedegad vlindeba faqti, romelic metad mniSvnelovania
saxeldebis problemisaTvis. kerZod, cdaSi gamoyenebuli bgeraTa
kompleqsebi cdispirebis mier `ganicdeba iseTi Tvisebebis matarebl;ad,
romlebic Seesityvebian im STabeWdilebas, romelsac cdispirSi esa Tu
is individi iwvevs~. amasTan dadginda, rom bgeraTa kompleqsiT
gamowveuli es STabeWdilebebi xasiaTdebian erTgvari intraindivi-
dualuri konstantobiT.
aseve unda avRniSnoT z. fiSeris (1922 w.) gamokvleva, Tumca
saxeldebis problemis kvleva arc mas hqonia miznad dasaxuli.
z. fiSeri ikvlevs process, Tu rogor xdeba bgeriTi kompleqsi
sagnis saxeli da imas Tu rogor myardeba kavSiri saxelsa da
24
mniSvnelobas Soris. igi Tavis cdispirebs awvdida uazro naxazebs da
uazro bgeraTa kompleqsebs, romlebic am naxazebis saxelebi unda
yofiliyvnen. cdaSi gamoyenebuli iyo eqvsi figura. TiTo figuris
eqsponireba 5 wams grZeldeboda. cdispirebs igive figurebs meoredac
awvdidnen, oRond sxva TanmimdevrobiT. 5 wuTiani Sesvenebis Semdeg
cdispirebs aZlevdnen naxazs da sTxovdnen daesaxelebinaT is bgeraTa
kompleqsi, romelTa kavSirSic igi maT wina eqsponirebisas miawodes. (I
seria) cdis II seriaSi uazro naxazebis nacvlad gamoyenebuli iyo
adamianTa fotografiuli suraTebi da maTTvis nebismierad SerCeuli
saxelebi – uazro bgeraTa kompleqsebi.
am cdaSi metad mniSvnelovani faqti gamovlinda saxeldebis
problemisaTvis. saxeldobr: `uazro bgeraTa kompleqsebi cdispirebis
mier yovelTvis ar ganicdebodnen am obieqtebis saxelebad rodesac
bgeraTa kompleqsi gvevlineboda rogorc saxeli, igi Zlier Taviseburad,
sxva bgeraTa kompleqsisgan gansxvavebulad ganicdeboda. misi mosmenis an
warmoTqmis dros damkvirvebels `mxedvelobaSi hqonda” obieqti, anda
TviTon iyo mimarTuli misken~.
amasTan dakavSirebiT a. bainduraSvili xsnis fiSeris kvlevisas
miRebul Sedegebs da aRniSnavs, rom mizezi imisa, Tu ratom ganicdeba
zogierTi bgeraTa kompleqsi rogorc maTTan dakavSirebuli obieqtis
saxeli da zogierTi ara dakavSirebulia azrdebis procesTan. `azrdeba
rom ganxorcieldes, bgeraTa kompleqsi am Sinaarsis saxelad unda
ganicdebodes, garda mniSvnelobasTan kavSirisa. unda akmayofilebdes
kidev raRac sxva moTxovnebs~. misi azriT, (rac a. bainduraSvilis
eqsperimentebSic gamovlinda) dakavSirebuli da gaerTianebuli
saxelsadebi Sinaarsi aucileblad gancdaSic erT mTlianobaSi unda
iyos warmodgenili. aRmoCnda, rom azriT erTobas yovelTvis ar axlavs
Tan Sinaarsisi gancdis erTianoba, mTlianoba. cnebis codna da misi
gancda erTi da igive ar unda iyos. aucilebelia cdis pirma saxelsadeb
Sinaarss Tavisi codnis sistemaSi Sesaferisi adgili miuCinos (a.
bainduraSvili 1971w.).
miuxedavad am gamokvlevebisa, saxeldebis problemis eqsperimentuli
kvlevis pionerad da fuZemdeblad iTvleba d. uznaZe, radgan rogorc
25
zemoT avRniSneT arc j. ingliSi da arc e. alspaCi miznad ar isaxavdnen
saxeldebis problemis kvlevas.
d. uznaZis gamokvleva `saxeldebis fsiqologiuri safuZvlebi~
qarTul enaze 1923 wels, xolo germanulad 1924 wels gamoqveynda. es iyo
pirveli eqsperimentuli gamokvleva, romelmac safuZveli Cauyara,
saerTod, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis kavSiris bunebis
Sesaxeb eqsperimentul kvlevas. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom d. uznaZisaTvis
j. ingliSisa da e. alspaCis gamokvlevebi cnobili ar iyo.
d. uznaZem saxeldebis fsiqologiuri safuZvlebis sakvlevad
gamoiyena eqvsi uazro naxazi. `TiToeuli maTgani ise iyo Sedgenili, rom
SeZlebisdagvarad arc erTi nacnobi sagnis warmodgena ar unda gamoewvia
asociaturad. damzadebuli iyo agreTve eqvsi calke furceli,
romlebzec sammarcvliani sityvebi iyo Camowerili (TiToze – rva),
magaliTad: izayuj, uberif, loyazu da sxva.
. . . cdispirs eZleoda 5 wamiT TiToeuli naxazi, igi unda
Cahkvirveboda mas da SeZlebisdagvarad naTlad aReqva. mas winaswar
eZleoda ganmarteba, rom TiToeuli es naxazi magiuri niSani iyo da
TiToeul maTgans Tavisi saxeli hqonda, romelic mas uazro
sammarcvliani kompleqsidan unda amoerCia. cdispirs unda gadaekiTxa is
furceli romelic mas TiToeuli naxazis eqspoziciis Semdeg eZleoda
da Sesaferisi kompleqsi amoerCia . . . saxelis amorCevis Semdeg TiToeuli
cdispiri iZleoda angariSs Tavis gancdaTa Sesaxeb, romlis
dawvrilebiTi oqmi iqve dgeboda~ (d. uznaZe 1956 w.).
eqsperimentis Sedegad gairkva, rom `sityva SemTxveviT ki ar
ukavSirdeba obieqts da maSasadame igi SemTxveviT ki ar Rebulobs
saxelwodebis funqcias Tavis Tavze, aramed Cveulebriv, sityvisa da
obieqtis warmodgenaTa mimerTebis monacem Sesaferisobas emyareba,
romelSic sityvisa da obieqtis mniSvneloba urTierTs xvdeba~. am
komponentebis Sexvedris oTxi gansxvavebuli gza arsebobs: 1. arsebulis
cnobili enis sityvebis `saxelTa mimsgavsebis gziT ganzraxulis bgeriT
kompleqsTan. 2. saxelsadebi obieqtisa da bgeriTi kompleqsis moyvani-
lobaTa SeTanxmebulobis cnobierebis gziT; 3. maTi emocionaluri
komponentebis Sedarebis gziT; 4. im Taviseburi mdgomareobis gancdis
26
Sesaferisobis gziT, romelic Tan axlavs orTave relatis aRqmas, da
romelsac cdispirni saerTo STabeWdilebis saxelwodebiT axasiaTeben . . .
~ (d. uznaZe 1956 w.). aRniSnuli oTxi gzidan sami ukanaskneli iZleva
saxeldebisaTvis mtkice safuZvels. xolo pirveli, nacnobi enis
Suamavloba, miuxedavad imisa rom dRevandeli adamianisatvis Yvelaze
ufro bunebrivi gzaa, mtkice Sesaferisobis gancdas naklebad gvaZlevs.
d. uznaZis eqperimentebiT gamovlenili Sedegebi ZiriTadad mis mier
dasaxuli mimarTulebiT SemdgomSi warmoebul bevr sxva gamokvlevaSic
dadasturda: miuxedavad imisa, rom cdebi sxvadasxva asakisa da
sxvadasxva enaze molaparake cdispirebze tardeboda.
d. uznaZis cdebSi gamovlinda: 1. bgeriTi kompleqsi cdispiris mier
garkveuli saxelis funqciis matareblad ganicdeba. e.i. j. ingliSisa da
e. alspaCis eqsperimentebSi gamovlenili faqti, zogadi xasiaTisaa da ar
warmoadgens mxolod sakuTari saxelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebels. 2.
bgeriT kompleqssa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri rom damyardes,
saWiroa bgera kompleqsi saxelmdeblis saxelsadebi Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi
saxelis funqciis matareblad ganicdebodes. 3. ama Tu im bgeraTa
kompleqsis garkveuli saxelis funqciis matareblad gancda
interindividualuri konstantiobiT xasiaTdeba, radgan saxelsadebi
SinaarsisaTvis SerCeul saxelTa damTxvevis xarisxi sakmaod didia da
SeuZlebelia SemTxveviTobiT iyos ganpirobebuli. 4. bgeraTa kompleqsis
garkveuli saxelis funqciis matareblad gancda intraindividualuri
konstantiobiTac xasaTdeba (d. uznaZe 1956 w.).
d. uznaZis Semdeg am mimarTulebiT bevri gamokvleva Sesrulda: v.
koleri, C. foqsi, f. irvini, e. niulendi, r. devisi, a. bainduraSvili da
sxvebi.
v. kolers saxeldebis eqsperimentuli kvleva specialurad ar
uwarmoebia, magram sxvadasxva grZnobaTa organoebidan miRebul
STabeWdilebaTa msgavsebis sakiTxis ganxilvis dros, moyavs metad
sagulisxmo eqsperimenti, romelmac Semdgom didi gavlena moaxdina
saxeldebis Semdgom eqsperimentalur Seswavlaze. igi cdispirebs
sTavazobda ori faqturis naxazs, romelTagan erTi texilia, xolo
meore mrude xazi. moyavs agreTve ori uazro bgeraTa kompleqsi takete
27
da maluma. cdispirebs moeTxovebodaT gadaewyvitaT am figurebidan Tu
romels uwodebdnen taketes da romels malumas. mas mohyavs bevri sabuTi
im mosazrebis sasargeblod, rom sagnebisa da movlenebis saxelebi
xSirad warmoSobilia mxedvelobiT an smeniT gelStaltebis msgavsebis
safuZvelze.
d. uznaZis gamokvlevis Sedegebis Semdgom dazustebas warmoadgens C.
foqsis gamokvleva.
C. foqsma d. uznaZis msgavsad eqsperimenti Caatara, romliTac
daadastura d, uznaZis mier miRebuli Sedegebi, man agreTve yuradReba
miaqcia iseT mniSvnelovan momentebs, romlebic Semdgom dazustebas
saWiroebdnen da iseTebs, romelnic manmade sxva mkvlevarebis yuradRebis
miRma rCebodnen. misi cdebi imis sasargeblod metyvelebdnen, rom
saxelsa da Sinaarss Soris kavSiri SemTxveviTi ar aris. C. foqsma
gamoarkvia, rom: 1. cdispirebis calkeuli naxazisaTvis saxelis SerCevis
dros gacilebiT ufro xSirad irCeven erTsa da imave sityvas, vidre
avlenen SeTanxmebulobas arCevanis safuZvelis dasaxelebisas. 2.
dadebiTi korelacia aRmoCnda im cdispirebis raodenobisa, romlebmac
airCies sityva, da sizustes Soris, romliTac igive sityva iyo
aRdgenili imave cdispirebis mier xangrZlivi intervalis Semdeg
ganmeorebiT cdebSi.
saxeldebis fsiqologiuri bunebis garkvevisaTvis pirvelsaxovani
mniSvneloba hqonda, foqsis mier dasmul sakiTxs, saxeldebis realuri
safuZvelisa da imis erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebis Sesaxeb, rasac
cdispirebi aseTad asaxeleben. es garemoeba aZnelebs saxeldebis
realuri safuZvelis gamovlenis SesaZleblobebs, magram SeuZlebels ar
xdis.
bgeraTa kompleqssa da mniSvnelobas Soris arsebuli kavSiris
araSemTxveviT bunebaze, ara nebismier xasiaTze metyvelebs r. devisis
eqsperimentic.
r. devisma cdebi Caatara rva-ToTxmeti wlis bavSvebze, romlebic
Bbantus tipis dialeqtze laparakobdnen, skolaSi ki svahidis enaze
swavlobdnen, inglisuri ena maTTvis ucnobi iyo. cdaSi gamoyenebuli iyo
v. koleris figures msgavsi naxazebi da sityvebi, mxolod “maluma”
28
Seicvala `ulumuTi~. ZiriTad eqsperiments win uswrebda winaswari
eqsperimenti. winaswar eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli iyo naxatebis sxva
wyvili kerZod, `qinZisTava kacebi~. erT maTgans hqonda wriuli Tavi,
xolo meores kvadratuli. instruqcia Semdegi iyo: `dauSvaT, erT-erTi
amaTgani aris mamakaci, meore ki qali. dawereT mamakaci im naxatis qveS,
romelic Tqveni azriT mamakacia, xolo qali im naxatis qveS, romelic
Tqven qali ggoniaT~.
winaswari eqsperimentis Semdeg cdispirebs dafaze uxatavdnen
koleris figurebis msgavs figurebs da sTxovdnen cdispirebs daexataT
isini, Semdeg ki am figurebs Slidnen da maT nacvlad werdnen uazro
sityvebs `taketes~ da `ulumus~. cdispirebs eubnebodnen, rom es ori
sityva naxazebis SesaZlo saxelebia da ameorebinebdnen manam, sanam
bavSvebi maT uSecdomod reproduqcias ar moaxerxebdnen. amis Semdeg maT
unda ganesazRvraT romeli naxazi iyo `takete~ da romeli `ulumu~.
cdebis Sedegebi erTmaneTs rom Seadares, aRmoCnda, rom afrikeli
bavSvebic iseve axdendnen saxelebis SerCevas naxazebisaTvis, rogorc
ingliseli bavSvebi. is faqti, rom afrikeli da ingliseli bavSvebis
arCevanis Sedegebi erTnairia, laparakobs saxelsa da Sinaarss Soris
kavSiris kanonzomieri da ara SemTxveviTi xasiaTis Sesaxeb. miRebuli
Sedegebi sruliad sandoa.
zemoT dasaxelebul gamokvlevebSi gamoyenebuli eqsperimentuli
meTodebis zogadi sqema aseTia: cdispirs eZleva uazro naxazi (ori
naxazi) da man maT saxeli (saxelebi) unda SeurCios mowodebuli uazro
bgeraTa kompleqsebis siidan.
aRniSnuli meTodis Rirseba, rogorc a. bainduraSvili aRniSnavs
imaSia, rom saxeldebis amocanis gadawyveta xorcieldeba eqsperimentis
procesSi da, maSasadame dakvirvebis obieqti uSualod saxeldebis
procesia da ara misi Sedegi.
miRebuli Sedegebis mniSvnelobis miuxedavad a. bainduraSvilis
azriT, TiTqmis yvela aRwerili eqsperimenti naklovanebebiT xasiaTdeba
da saWiroebs miRebuli Sedegebis dazustebas.
imis gamo, rom cdis pirobebi maqsimalurad yofiliyo miaxlovebuli
pirveladi saxeldebis pirobebTan, rom saxeldebis procesSi
29
gamoericxaT enis monawileoba, gamoyenebuli iyo uazro masala. magram am
Canafiqris ganxorcieleba ver moxerxda, uazro masalaSi cdispirebi
mainc garkveul mniSvnelobas, garkveul azrs debdnen. amasTan xSirad
cdispirebs erTi da igive uazro Sinaarsi sxvadasxva azris, sxvadasxva
mniSvnelobis matareblad warmoudgebodaT, e.i. irRveoda eqsperimentis
Catarebis erTgvarovnebis principi.
gansxvavebiT zemoaRniSnuli eqsperimentebisa a. bainduraSvili
Seecada eqsperimentuli saxeldebis pirobebi maqsimalurad mieaxlovebina
Tanamedrove adamianis mier warmoebuli saxeldebis pirobebTan. am mizniT
man saxelsadeb Sinaarsebad gamoiyena garkveuli azris, garkveuli
mniSvnelobis mqone Sinaarsebi, romlebic qarTul enaSi calkeuli
sityvebiT ar aRiniSneboda. saxelsadebi Sinaarsebi erTmaneTisgan
gansxvavdebodnen TvalsaCinoebisa da zogadobis xarisxiT. saxel-
debisaTvis sul gamoyenebul iqna 23 Sinaarsi, maT Soris 2 uazro,
romlebic koleris figurebis saxelwodebiT aris cnobili (a.
bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 97).
sul Catarda 402 cda 19 cdispirze. cdispirebad umTavresad iyvnen
fsiqologebi da ufrosi kursis studentebi, 23-dan 47 wlis asakamde.
bunebrivi saxeldebis procesSi saxelmdebeli saxeldebisaTvis
saxels TviTon adgens. saxeldebis eqsperimentSi saxeldebis bunebrivi
procesis es specifika unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli, radgan am mxriv
SezRudvam SesaZloa cdispiris aqtivoba saxeldebisaTvis araspecifikuri
mimarTulebiT warmarTos. garda amisa eqsperimentul situaciaSi
`sityvawarmoebis~ gzebi Sedarebuli unda iqnes enaTmecnierebaSi cnobil
sityvaTwarmoebis wesebs da am gziT gairkves ramdenad bunebrivi
saxeldebis win idga cdispiri. am moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT a.
bainduraSvilma Caatara eqsperimenti, sadac saxelsadeb Sinaarsebad
SeirCa mravalferovani masala. ZiriTadi Sinaarsebi, sadac ramdenime
variantad miewodebodaT cdispirebs sityvebi saxelsadebad:
a) moqmedebis gamomxatveli cnebis saxeldeba;
b) TvalsaCinoebas moklebuli verbaluri masalis saxeldeba;
g) uaxloesi gvarovnuli cnebis saxeldeba;
d) gvarovnuli cnebis saxeldeba;
30
e) mravalsityviani saxelebis mqone movlenaTa saxeldeba;
v) TvalsaCinod mocemuli sunis saxeldeba;
z) mxatvruli suraTebis saxeldeba.
cdis masalebis analizis Sedegad gamovlinda saxeldebis procesis
specifikurobani, romelTa Sorisac mniSvnelovania Semdegi:
1) cdis pirobebis erTgvarovnebis miuxedavad erTi da igive
saxelsadebi Sinaarsi, sxvadsxva cdispiris cnobierebaSi sxvadasxvagvari
struqturiT aris warmodgenili. es sxvadasxvaoba ZiriTadad vlindeba am
Sinaarsis cnobierebaSi warmodgenili centrirebuli niSnis sxvada-
sxvaobaSi. niSani, romliTac es Sinaarsi cnobierebaSi aris
warmodgenili, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar amowuravs cnobierebis Sinaarss.
cnobierebaSi saxelsadebi sxva niSnebicaa warmodgenili. yvela
cdispiris cnobierebaSi erTidaigive Sinaarsi arsebobs, magram igi
sxvadasxva cdispiris cnobierebaSi sxvadasxva struqturiTaa
warmodgenili. cnobierebaSi warmodgenil centrirebul niSans logikuri
TvalsazrisiT xSirad araviTari kavSiri saxelsadeb SinaarsTan ara aqvs,
magram miuxedavad amisa saxelis SerCevisas mas mainc gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba. cdispiri saxels centrirebuli niSniT irCevs,
magram rwmundeba ra rom es saxeli ver gamoxatavs im codnas, romelic
mas saxelsadebis Sesaxeb gaaCnia, uaryofs mas.
2) saxeldebis amocana sakmaod Zneli gadasawyvetia; es siZnele,
rogorc amas cdispirTa TviTdakvirvebis monacemebi gviCvenebs, ar aris
dakavSirebuli arc instruqciis gagebis siZnelesTan, arc amocanisadmi
cdispiris pasiur midgomasTan. d. uznaZe saxelis SerCevis siZnelis
gamomwvev ramodenime mizezze miuTiTebs: `pirveli mizezi amisa, Cemis
azriT, saerTod axali sityvebis gamogonebis obieqturi siZnele unda
iyos . . . es imitom aris Zneli, rom jer erTi imwamsve gamococxldeba
didZali leqsikuri masala, romelic Cven mzada gvaqvs da aferxebs
saTanado centrs. meore – leqsikur axladqmnilebaze – zog SemTxvevaSi
mets, zogSi nakleb gavlenas axdens yoveldRiur sityvaTa maragi;
zogjer axali sityva romelime Cveulebrivi sityvis STabeWdilebas qmnis
da amitom sasaciloc kia~ (d. uznaze Sr. t. 1 1956 w. gv. 116). a.
bainduraSvilis eqsperimentma siZneleTa sxva mizezebic gamoavlina,
31
kerZod “azriT erTianobas yovelTvis ar axlavs subieqtis gancdis
erTianoba, mTlianoba; cnebis gageba, codna da am cnebaSi Semavali
saxeobebis erT mTlianobaSi gancda erTi da igive ar unda iyos.”
saxelsadebis erT mTlianobaSi gancdis gareSe cdispirebi ver axerxeben
Seqmnan saxeli, romelic mTliani saxelsadebi Sinaarsis saxelad
gamodgeba. saxelsadeb Sinaarss cdispirma Tavis codnis sistemaSi
Sesaferisi adgili unda miuCinos.
3) `saxeldeba saxelsadebi Sinaarsis sxvisTvis gaziarebis miz-
niT xdeba. magram imisaTvis, rom Cveni codna saxelsadeb Sinaarsze sxvebs
gavuziaroT, saxeli ise unda iqnes SerCeuli, rom man ara marto
saxelsadebi Sinaarsis obieqtis SesaZlebloba mogvces, aramed im
urTierTkavSiris obieqtivaciisa da sxvisTvis gaziarebis SesaZleblobac,
romelSic saxelsadebi sxva ukve saxeldebul movlenebTan imyofeba da
romelsic misi specifika vlindeba~ (a. bainduraSvili 1957 w. gv. 248).
enobrivi koleqtivi komunikaciis procesSi “amowmebs” ramdenad swored
mounaxa saxelmdebelma saxelsadeb Sinaarss codnis sistemaSi
Sesaferisi adgili, ramdenad swored hpova gamoxatuleba saxelSi
saxelsadebis sxva SinaarsebTan mimarTebam, ramdenad sworad iqna
SerCeuli samotivacio sityva. amas Sesabamisad gonebrivi koleqtivi
`sanqcias~ miscems axal sityvas. axali sityva Semova leqsikur fondSi
anda uaryofs mas.
4) eqsperimentuli masalebidan irkveva, rom SesaZlebelia
saxelsadebi Sinaarsi gavigoT, masSi Semavali movlenebis
urTierTkavSirSi sxva SinaarsebTan misi damokidebuleba, magram ver
movaxerxoT am codnis `kombinireba~. misi erTi mTliani gancdis saxiT
`sinTezireba~. rogorc Cans azriT erTianobas yovelTvis Tan ar axlavs
gancdaSi erTianoba, cnebis codna, gageba, am cnebaSi semavali saxeobebis
erT mTlianobaSi gancda erTi da igive ar aris.
5) bgeraTa kompleqsi saxelmdeblis cnobierebaSi uecrad
aRmocendeba. bgeraTa kompleqsis qmnadobis, misi formirebis procesi
cnobierebis kontrols ar eqvemdebareba, igi cnobierebaSi ukve mTliani
formirebuli saxiT aRmocendeba.
32
6) bgeriTi kompleqsis saxelsadeb SinaarsTan dakavSirebisaTvis
saWiroa saxelmdebeli maT erTmaneTis Sesatyvisad, Sesaferisad
ganicdebodes. gamoirkva, rom bgeraTa kompleqsis saxelsadebi Sinaarsis
Sesatyvisad gancdisaTvis semantikur an asociaciur kavSirs gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba ara aqvs.
7) saxelisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTdakavSirebisaTvis saWiroa
cdispiri bgeraTa kompleqss saxelsadebi Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi saxelis
funqciis matarebeli romelobis mqoned ganicdides. saxelis funqciis
romeloba cdispiris mier `mtkice Sinagani bunebis~ mqoned ganicdeba,
magram ratom swored aseTi `mtkice Sinagani bunebis~ mqoned ganicdeba
da ara sxvanairi. cdispirebi amaze verafers amboben. es sakiTxi sakvanZo
punqtia, saxeldebis safuZvelis problema am sakiTxs gadawyvetis gareSe
ver gairkveva da specialur kvlevas saWiroebs.
8) cdispirebi eqsperimentuli situaciaSi amJRavnebdnen sityvaT-
warmoebis iseTsave gzebs, romelic damaxasiaTebelia bunebrivi praq-
tikuli sityvaTwarmoebisaTvis. es garemoeba ki avtors afiqrebinebs, rom
eqsperimentul situaciaSi saxeldebis procesi imave faqtorebiT unda
yofiliyo gansazRvruli, romlebiTac gansazRvrulia saxeldebis
bunebrivi procesi. aqedan gamomdinare ufro meti safuZveli unda
arsebobdes imisa, rom a. bainduraSvilis eqsperimentis miRebuli Sedegebi
saxeldebis bunebrivi procesisaTvis damaxasiaTeblad iqnes miCneuli (a.
bainduraSvili 1957 w.).
da bolos, mokled SevexoT im zogierT gamokvlevaTa Sedegebs,
romlebic marTalia saxeldebis procesis kvlevas miznad ar isaxavda,
magram es Sedegebi CvenTvis saintereso problemis TvalsazrisiT sakmaod
sainteresoa.
bartletma (1932 w.) mexsierebis sakiTxis kvlevis dros cdispirebs
miawoda aTi azriani sityva (mag: sagani, filosofosi, usamarTloba da
sxva) da grafikul simboloTa rigi. aRniSnuli simboloebidan zogierTi
mowodebul sityvas uSualod gamoxatavs, zogierTi meorexarisxovani
asociaciebis gamowvevis SesaZleblobebs Seicavda, zogierTi ki uazro
naxazs warmoadgenda. cdispirebs evalebodaT sityvebis simboloebTan
dakavSireba, da am damyarebuli kavSiris daswavlac. roca maT sityvebs
33
xelaxla waukiTxavdnen maTTan dakavSirebuli simboloebis reproduqcia
unda moexdinaT. bartleti askvnis, rom `sityvisa da simbolos Sesatyvis
gancdisaTvis ar aris aucilebeli raime aSkarad gamoxatuli
Sesaferisoba, emociebi, reaqciebi da sxva. is, rasac cdispirebi xSirad
arCevis motivad asaxelebdnen, SesaZloa arCevis momentSi ar iyos
qmediTi da warmoadgendes Semdgomi racionalizaciis Sedegs~.
m. harouerma (1933 w.) Caatara sagulisxmo eqsperimenti, fsiqikuri
procesebis organizaciis kvlevis mizniT. misi azriT, TiTqmis yvela
andaza saSualebas iZleoda mis nawilebs Soris mimarTeba grafikulad,
diagramulad yofiliyo warmodgenili. cdispirebi andazebs gacilebiT
zustad igonebdnen rodesac maT Tan axlda Sesatyvisi diagrama,
naklebad zustad, rodesac andazebs Tan axlda SemTxveviT
dakavSirebuli diagramebi da gacilebiT naklebad zustad – rodesac
andazebi eZleodaT diagramebTan kavSiris gareSe.
k. hali da r. olfildi (1950 w.) TavianT gamokvlevebSi
`eqsperimentuli gamokvleva simbolos Sesatyvisobaze sityvasTan~, miznad
isaxaven bartletisa da heroueris Sedegebis dazustebas. saxeldobr: 1.
ramdenad didia cdispirebis arCevanTa damTxvevis xarisxi sityvebTan
simboloebis dakavSirebisas; 2. cdispiris mier arCevis motivebis
dasaxelebisas adgili aqvs ufro metad Semdgom racionalizacias, Tu
pirvelad mxolod safuZvelze miuTiTebdnen; 3. arCeuli simboloebi
ufro advilad gasaxsenebelia, Tu ara arCeuli simboloebi.
eqsperimentis zogadi sqema aseTi iyo: cdispirs eZleoda
simboloebis wyvili – sul 6 wyvili da sityvebi (riTmi, samarTlianoba,
usamarTloba, simSvide, qariSxali da filosofia) cdispirebs
evalebodaT ganesazRvraT romeli ufro Sesaferisia mocemuli ori
simbolodan. Semdeg cdispirTa erT nawils evaleboda sityvis
mowodebisas aRedgina orive es simbolo, danarCen jgufebs ki
simboloebis reproduqcia evalebodaT sxvadasxva xangrZlivi intervalis
Semdeg.
bartletis, haroueris, holisa da olfildis (1960w.) eqsperimentebis
Sedegebidan irkveva, rom sityvis (analizis) da grafikuli simbolos
34
dakavSirebis procesi saxelisa da saxelsadebi Sinaarsis dakavSirebis
procesis msgavsi kanonzomierebebiT xasiaTdeba.
a. bainduraSvili miiCnevs, rom eqsperimentebis Sedegebi sainteresoa
problemebis TvalsazrisiT, Tumca zogierT ganzogadebaSi avtorebs ar
eTanxmeba. aRniSnul avtorTa eqsperimentebis Sedegebidan gansakuTrebiT
Rirebulia Semdegi:
1. sityvis (analizis) da grafikuli simbolos dakavSireba
saxeldebis msgavsad kanonzomieri procesia da ara SemTxveviTi;
2. cdispirebi ver axerxeben gaacnobieron sityvisa (analizis) da
simbolos urTierTdakavSirebis safuZveli, xolo maT mier miTiTebuli
safuZveli, iseve rogorc saxeldebis cdebSi, arCevanis Semdgomi
racionalizaciis Sedegia da arsebiTad arCevanis dasabuTebis cdas
warmoadgens da ara safuZvels;
3. rac ufro zustia sityvis (analizis) da simbolos Sesatyvisoba,
miT ufro zustia masalis Semdgomi reproduqcia. Sesatyvisobis xarisxis
SemcirebasTan erTad mcirdeba masalis reproduqciis sizustec, rogorc
Cans sityvis (analizis) da simbolos Sesatyvisobas garkveuli minemuri
Rirebuleba aqvs.
4. `saxeldebis eqsperimentSi gamoirkva, rom saxeli da saxelsadebi
Sinaarsi erTmaneTs meqanikurad ki ar ukavSirdebian, aramed
urTierTzemoqmedebas axdenen da erTimeoris gancdaSi garkveuli
koreqtivebi SeaqvT~ (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 119-120).
amgvarad, rogorc saxeldebis eqsperimentuli kvlevis masalebidan
irkveva, eqsperimentul situaciaSi saxeldeba kanonzomier xasiaTs
atarebs. saxelmdeblisaTvis sulerTi ar aris, romeli Sinaarsis
saxelad romel bgeraTa kompleqss gamoviyenebT. saxelmdebelma
aucilebelia saxelsadebi Sinaarsi bgeraTa kompleqsis urTierT-
Sesatyvisad ganicados. bunebrivia, Cndeba kiTxva `iseTive kanonzomieri
gziT aris Tu ara Sedgenili bunebrivi enebis leqsikac?” es sakiTxi
imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom saWiroebs sxvadasxvagvar midgomebs,
miRebuli Sedegebisa da daskvnebis Semdgom dazustebisa da Semowmebisa.
am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs eqsperimentebi, romlebSic
35
saxeldebis problemis kvlevis mizniT, cdis mxolod bunebrivi enebis
leqsika gamoiyeneboda.
1.3. eqsperimentuli masalebi bunebrivi enis leqsikis saxeldebis
kanonzomieri xasiaTis Sesaxeb
aseTi tipis gamokvlevebi iwyeba S. tsurusa da h. frisis (1933 w.)
eqsperimentebidan. am gamokvleviT safuZveli Caeyara saxeldebis
eqsperimentuli kvlevis axal gamovlinebas.
eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli iyo 25 wyvili iaponuri sityva, TiToeuli
sityva-wyvili ise iyo SerCeuli, rom SeZlebis farglebSi erTimeoris
sapirispiro Sinaarsebi gamoexataT. mag: Citi da Wia; wiTeli da mwvane;
omi da zavi da sxva. TiToeul iaponur sityva-wyvils miwerili hqonda
maTi Sesaferisi inglisuri enis sityva-wyvili, magram pirvel adgilze
moTavsebuli inglisuri sityva, yovelTvis ar Seesabameboda pirvel
adgilze myof iaponur sityvas. cdispirs unda waekiTxa TiToeuli
sityva-wyvili da gamoecno romeli iaponuri sityva Seesabameboda.
aRmoCnda, rom cdispirebma, romlebmac savsebiT ar icodnen iaponuri ena,
gamoicnes iaponur sityvaTa 75 %.
S. tsurum ganmeorebiT Caatara cdebi inglisurad molaparake
studentebze, romlebmac ar icodnen iaponuri ena. cdaSi gamoiyeneboda 36
antonimuri iaponuri sityvawyvili. cdis organizacia da amocana igive
iyo, rogorc wina gamokvlevaSi, im gansxvavebiT, rom cdispirebi
xedavdnen daweril iaponur sityvawyvilebs maTTvis nacnobi SriftiT,
xolo oTaxis ukana nawilSi myofi iaponeli TiToeul sityvawyvils
xmamaRla kiTxulobda. aseT pirobebSi gamocnobili iaponuri
sityvawyvili 50 %-s aRemateboda. gamocnobis aseTi maRali xarisxi ki
SeuZlebelia ganpirobebuli yofiliyo maT arCevanTa Soris SemTxveviTi
damTxveviT.
a. bainduraSvili aRniSnuli Sedegebis gamo, svams SekiTxvas,
romelic mas cdispirTa mier ucnobi enis sityvaTa gamocnobis aseTi
36
sixSiris gamo uCndeba `xom ar aris ganpirobebuli es faqti ucnobi enisa
da mSobliuri enis sityvebs Soris SesaZlo SemTxveviTi msgavsebiT?~
`saqme imaSia, rom yovel enaSi sityvaTa sawarmoeblad fonebaTa
sakmaod mcire ricxvi gamoiyeneba. aseT pirobebSi ki sxvadasxva enaSi
gamoyenebuli fonemebs Soris mosalodnelia damTxveva. aqedan
gamomdinare savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom zemoT dasaxelebul
eqsperimentSi miRebuli maRali maCveneblebi iyo iaponur da inglisur
enaSi gamoyenebuli saerTo fonemebiT ganpirobebuli sityvaTa
SemTxveviTi msgavsebis Sedegi~ (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 163).
rogorc a. bainduraSvili miiCnevs aseTi Sedegi ufro sarwmunod
warmogvidgeba Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom cdis masalis SemrCevni
kargad floben, rogorc iaponur, aseve inglisur enebs da miT ufro
metad savsebiT bunebrivia, uneburad iseTi sityvebi SearCies, romlebic
fonetikurad msgavsni arian.
am mimarTulebiT warmoebuli Semdgomi kvlevebi warmoadgens am
varaudis marTebulobis Semowmebis cdebs da Catarebuli eqsperimentebis
xarisxis garkvevis cdas.
g. olportma tsurus mier gamoyenebuli antonimuri sityvawyvilebi
aTargmnina ungrul enaze da inglisur-ungruli sityvawyvilebiT cdebi
Caatara inglisur enaze molaparake cdispirebze.
g. olporti mis eqsperimentSi Setanili mcire koreqtivebiT Seecada
gamoericxa is SesaZlo msgavseba, romelic SeiZleboda arsebuliyo
tsurius mier SerCeuli inglisur-iaponur sityvawyvilebs Soris. jer
erTi imitom, rom ungruli ena istoriulad ar aris dakavSirebuli arc
inglisur da arc iaponur enebTan da meore, imitom, rom masalis SerCeva
xdeba ara eqsperimentatoris mier, romelmac orive ena icis, aramed
iTargmneba gareSe piris mier, romelic eqsperimentatorisaTvisac
ucnobia.
ungruli sityvawyvilis gamocnobisas saSualo maCvenebeli
olportis monacemebis mixedviT ufro naklebia, vidre tsurusTan. (56.6
%), magram mainc imdenad didia, rom SeuZlebelia cdispirTa arCevanis
SemTxveviTi xasiaTi hqondes.
37
olportis sqema gaimeores riCma, (inglisur-iaponuri da inglisur-
polonuri masaliT). agreTve r. braunma, a. blekma da a. horoviCma (1955 w.)
maT Seitanes cvlilebebi cdis organizaciaSi da masalis statistikurad
damuSavebis wesebSi. ZiriTadad SeirCa sensoruli xasiaTis sityvebi. mag:
Tbili-grili, mZime-msubuqi da sxva. es sityvebi maT aTargmnines Cinur,
Cexur, hindis enebze. samive enis masalis SemTxvevaSi swori pasuxebi
aRmoCnda ufro meti, vidre es mosalodneli iyo SemTxveviTi damTxvevis
pirobebSi.
TiTqmis yvela zemoTmoyvanil eqsperimentSi ucnobi enis sityvebs
warmoTqvamda am enis mcodne piri, romlisTvisac ucnobi ar iyo
eqsperimentis mizniT.
cdis meore variantSi cdispirebs masalas awvdidnen mxolod
werilobiT. Sedegebi, amis miuxedavad, aRmoCnda odnav ukeTesi, vidre
pirvel variantSi. e.i. cdis Sedegebi pirvel variantSi ar aris
ganpirobebuli enis mcodnis mier sityvaTa warmoTqmis eqspresiuli
TaviseburebebiT.
i. brekbilma da k. liTlma (1957 w.) TavianT eqsperimentebSi
gamoiyenes iaponuri, ebrauli da Cinuri enis masalebi. maT Seitanes
cvlilebebi cdis procesSi da TavianT cdispirebs nacvlad antonimuri
sityva-wyvilebisa awvdidnen inglisuri enis erT sityvas (I, II, III
eqsperimentebi) cdispirebs unda epasuxaT es sityvebi TavianTi
mniSvnelobiT `erTnairia~ Tu `gansxvavebuli~. IV, V, VI eqsperimentebSi
rogorc stimuli-sityva aseve sapasuxo sityva cdispirisaTvis ucnobi
enis sityvebs warmoadgendnen. eqvsi eqsperimentidan miRebuli iqna: (I)
inglisur-iaponuri 50.3 %, (II) inglisur-ebrauli 53.0 %, (III) inglisur-
Cinuri 49.9 %, (IV) Cinur-iaponuri 54.8 %, (V) Cinur-ebrauli 48.1 %, (IV)
ebraul-iaponuri 52.3 %, SemTxveviT mosalodnelze meti Sedegebi miiRes
or cdaSi. (IV, VI), rodesac cdispirebs orive ucnobi enis sityvebi
eZleodaT. erT SemTxvevaSi (II) rodesac nacnobi inglisuri da ebrauli
sityva-wyvilebi eZleodaT. am cdebis safuZveleze avtorebi askvnian, rom
ekvivalentur sityvaTa Sexameba emyareba ara raRaca saxis msgavsebas,
`aramed sityvebs Soris struqturuli msgavsebis perspeqtivas~.
38
a. bainduraSvilis azriT es daskvna ra Tqma unda winaaRmdegobis
Semcvelia da simbolizmis sasargeblod Zlier arguments warmoadgens.
winaaRmdegobis Semcvelia i. malcmanis, l. morisetisa da l. bruksis
(1956 w.) eqsperimentebi, romlebmac cdebi Caatares S. tsurusa da h.
frisis mier SerCeuli sityvebiT. pirvel eqsperimentSi iaponur-inglisur
da inglisur-iaponur sityvawyvilebze Catarebul eqsperimentSi maT
daadastures tsurus da frisis Sedegebi, gamoarkvies, rom
cdispirebisaTvis ar hqonda mniSvneloba pirvels inglisur sityvebs
miawerdnen Tu iaponurs.
meore eqsperimenti inglisur-xorvatiul enaze unda Catarebuliyo.
xolo mesame-meoTxe eqsperimenti tardeboda inglisurad molaparake
cdispirebze, mxolod masalad gamoiyeneboda xorvatiul-iaponuri da
iaponur-xorvatiuli sityva-wyvilebi. eqsperimentis Sedegebidan gairkva,
rom misi warmatebiT ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebelia Sexamebis erTi
wevri mainc iyos inglisuri sityva, radgan Sedegebi am SemTxvevaSi ar
aRemateba SemTxveviT mosalodnels (iaponur-xorvatiuli CR=0.46,
xorvatiul-iaponuri CR=0.80).
malcsmanis, morisetis, bruksisa da liTlis eqsperimentebSi
miRebuli uaryofiTi Sedegebi gamowveulia mniSvnelovani proceduruli
cvlilebebiT, romelic maT Seitanes meTodSi.
brekbili da liTli cdispirebs awvdidnen erT stimul sityvas da
erT sapasuxo sityvas, amiT isini erTmeoTxedSi amcirebdnen im
informacias, rac xelmisawvdomi iyo cdispirebisaTvis sxva
eqsperimentul situaciaSi. xolo malcmanis, morisetis da bruksis
cdispirebi gansxvavebiT sxva eqsperimentebis cdispirebisagan, ver
Rebulobdnen informacias mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb, radgan sityvawyvilebi
maTTan ori ucnobi enis sityvebisagan Sedgeboda (a. bainduraSvili 1971
w.).
maSasadame, am mkvlevarebis mier eqsperimentebSi miRebuli Sedegebi
ar ewinaaRmdegeba tradiciuli eqsperimentebiT miRebul Sedegebs.,
inglisurad molaparake cdispirebi axerxeben ucxouri sityvebis Sesaxeb
maT inglisur ekvivalentTan SemTxveviTobiT mosalodnelze ufro metad.
aqedan gamomdinare, a. bainduraSvili svams kiTxvas, Tu ucnobi enis
39
sityvaTa gamocnoba kanonzomieri xasiaTisaa, maSin xom SesaZlebelia,
rom bunebrivi enis leqsikuri Semadgenlobis saxeldebac kanonzomier
xasiaTs atarebdes da ara SemTxveviTs?
aRniSnuli eqsperimentis Sedegebi am kiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxis
gasacemad ar aris sakmarisi, radgan gamoricxuli ar aris maTi
sxvagvarad interpretaciac.
ase magaliTad: brauni Tvlis, rom gamoricxuli ar aris es Sedegebi
lingvisturi gamocdilebiT iyos ganpirobebuli, Tumca eqsperimentebSi
sxvadasxva enobrivi ojaxis sityvebi iqna gamoyenebuli (iaponuri,
holandiuri, ungruli, Cinuri, Cexuri, hindis, xorvatiuli) maTi
umravlesoba mainc erTi indoevropuli enebis ojaxs miekuTvneba,
eqsperimentSi dadgenili simbolizmi braunis azriT, SesaZloa
momdinareobdes erTi saerTo fuZiseuli, protoindoevropuli enidan,
romelic Tavis mxriv Tavdapirvelad SesaZloa SemTxveviTi, da nebismieri
iyo. aseTi Sedegis sxva mizezi r. braunis azriT, SeiZleba yofiliyo is,
rom eqsperimentebi tardeboda mxolod inglisurad molaparake
cdispirebze da maTi Sedegebi ar SeiZleba ganzogaddes yvela enis
mimarT. eqsperimentis Catareba sxvadasxva enis monolingvist cdispirebze
r. braunis azriT, warmoadgens pirdapir empiriul gzas am sakiTxze
pasuxis gasacemad. brauni miuTiTebs aseve jvaredin-enobrivi kvlevis
saWiroebaze. jvaredin-enobriv eqsperimentebis pirveli cda. bunebrivi
enebis leqsikis gamoyenebiT ekuTvniT r. brauns, a. bleks da horoviCs. es
eqsperimentebi mraval SeniSvnas imsaxurebs, magram mniSvnelovania,
radgan aseTi xasiaTis kvlevis erTaderT cdas warmoadgens.
amrigad, bunebrivi enebis e.w. fonetikuri sombolozmis kvlevebSi
arsebuli xarvezebi, rac sxvadasxva enebis warmomadgenlebze Catarebuli
cdebis ararsebobaSi mdgomareobda braunis, blekis da horoviCis
eqsperimentebiT ar aris daZleuli. am mizniT, a. bainduraSvilma
analogiuri eqsperimentebi Caatara mraval cdispirze. xolo am cdebis
Sedegebis Sedarebis SesaZleblobis mizniT, sxva mkvlevarebis SedegebTan
SedarebiT man eqsperimentul masalad gamoiyena igive S. tsurus da h.
frisis mier SerCeuli iaponuri sityvebi. es sityvebi iTargmna cxra sxva
enaze: portugaliur, arabul, qmeris (kamboja), aSantis (gana), Sonas
40
(samxreT rodezia), lugandis (uganda), iorubis (nigeria), tigrinas
(eritreia).
cdispirebs TanmimdevrobiT eZleodaT 25 baraTi, romlebzedac
qarTuli asoebiT dawerili iyo ori qarTuli da aRniSnuli erT-erTi
ucxo enidan ori Sesatyvisi sityva. baraTebze sityvaTa wyvilebi ise iyo
ganlagebuli, rom pirvel adgilze myof qarTul sityvas Seesatyviseboda
xan pirvel, xan meore adgilze myofi ucnobi enis sityva, amasTan es
monacvleoba xdeboda Sereuli wesiT.
cdispirebs evalebodaT xmamaRla waekiTxaT jer qarTuli, xolo
Semdeg ucxo enis sityva-wyvili da `gamoecnoT~ qarTuli sityvebis
eqvivalenturi ucnobi enis sityvebi.
amgvari eqsperimentis tradiciul mimdinareobaSi Setanili iqna erTi
damateba – cdispirebs moeTxovebodaT xuTbaliani sistemiT SeefasebinaT
sityvaTa gamocnobis sisworeSi darwmunebulobis xarisxi.
qarTul-iaponuri masaliT cdebi Catarda 100 cdispirze. xolo sxva
enebis masaliT 50-50 cdispirze. cdispirebi iyvnen kvalificiuri mecnier-
muSakebi da Tbilisis universitetis ufrosi kursis studentebi,
umTavresad fsiqologebi.
a. bainduraSvilma yuradReba gaamaxvila am tipis eqsperimen-
tebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel erT seriozul naklze. misi azriT, saxelisa
da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba, cxadia srulyofilad gamovlin-
deba maSin, rodesac ucnobi enis sityvis fonetikuri Semadgenloba
cdispirebis mier savsebiT adeqvaturad iqneba aRqmuli. aseTi ram ki am
tipis eqsperimentebSi ver xerxdeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom cdispirs
ucnobi enis sityva misTvis cnobili transklipciiT eZleva wasakiTxad,
Tu am enis mcodnis mier moxdeba misi warmoTqma. es garemoeba sxvadasxva
mizeziT aris ganpirobebuli.
erTerT aseT mizezad a. bainduraSvili miiCnevs Seusatyvisobas enasa
da damwerlobas Soris. am tipis eqsperimentebSi ucxo enis sityvebis
warmoTqma maTi fonetikuri warmomadgenloba miaxlovebulia da ara
identuri am sityvebis bunebriv metyvelebaSi warmodgenil
JReradobasTan. `es garemoeba mniSvnelovnad gaaZnelebs saxelisa da
mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis SemCnevas, riTac cdispirebma unda
41
ixelmZRvanelon sityvaTa gamocnobis, maTTvis mSobliuri enis
leqsikonidan ekvivalenturi sityvebis SerCevis procesSi” (a.
bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 179).
miuxedavad am winaaRmdegobebisa, a. bainduraSvilis eqsperimentSi
monawile cdispirebi amJRavnebdnen gamocnobis sasworeSi darwmune-
bulobis maRal xarisxs. yvela cdis aTive enis sityvebidan saSualo
monacemebis mixedviT, sityvebis gamocnobisas, maTTvis ekvivalenturi
qarTuli sityvebis SerCevis sisworeSi cdispirebi darwmunebulebi iyvnen
94.5 %-is semTxvevaSi.
maRali xarisxis darwmunebulobas adgili hqonda 71 %-Si (Sefaseba 4
da 5 bali), xolo Sedegi, roca cdispirebi ar iyvnen darwmunebulni
miwodebuli sityvebis sisworeSi, Seadgenda mxolod 5.5 %-s.
cdispirTa monacemebis aseTi zedapiruli analizic ki, askvnis a.
bainduraSvili – naTlad mowmobs, rom cdispirTa arCevani atarebs
kanonzomier da ara SemTxveviT xasiaTs. am daskvnis marTebulobaze
miuTiTebs cdispirTa monacemebs Soris damTxvevis xarisxis maCveneblebi.
monacemTa damTxvevis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad aRemateba SemTxveviTobiT
mosalodnel odenobas (50 %).
saerTo monacemebis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT 212 SemTxvevidan
cdispirTa monacemebis damTxveva 163 SemTxvevaSi aris an aRemateba 60 %-s,
e.i. TiTqmis 77 % SemTxvevebidan aseTia. e.i. cdispirTa arCevani emyareba
raRac iseTs, rac did umravlesobaSi maTTvis erTnairad misawvdomia da
erTgvari interindividualuri konstantobiT xasiaTdeba.
Tumca arian cdispirebi, romlebic icnoben mowodebuli sityvebs
did raodenobiT da arian iseTebic, romelTa mier gamocnobil sityvaTa
raodenoba SemTxveviTobiT mosalodneli odenobis farglebs TiTqmis ar
scildeba. cdispirTa monacemebs Soris aseTi mkveTri sxvaobis gamo a.
bainduraSvili svams kiTxvas ucnobi enis sityvebisaTvis ekvivalentur
sityvaTa SerCevis ara kanonzomier, aramed SemTxveviTi xasiaTis bunebis
SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb, im cdispirTa SemTxvevaSi, romelTa monacemebic
SemTxveviTobis farglebSia. eqsperimentis masalebis mixedviT am ori
jgufis Sedarebis safuZvelze (I jgufis cdispirebi, romlebmac
sityvebis 48 %-dan 60 %-mde gamoicnes da II jgufis cdispirebi,
42
romlebmac sityvebis 60 %-ze meti gamoicnes) a. bainduraSvili askvnis
rom `ucnobi enis bgeriTi mxareebi TavianTi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb met-
naklebi xarisxis informacias iZlevian~ da garda amisa, TviTon
cdispirebic xasiaTdebian interindividualuri sxvadasxvaobiT, sityvis
amocnobis unaris mixedviT. es unari ki varjiSebadia da mis ganviTarebas
xels uwyobs sxvadasxva enebis codna.
es varaudebi emyareba winaswar cdebs da saWiroa maTi specialuri
kvleva. specialur kvlevas saWiroebs eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli
sityvebis SerCevis sisworis sakiTxi, radgan jer kidev dawyebuli
tsurudan da frisidan sityvis bgeriT masalasa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSesatyvisobis kvlevis upiratesobas ratomRac aniWeben
antonimur sityvaTa wyvilebs. maTi azriT sityvaTa antonimuri
dapirispirebis pirobebSi ufro radikalurad gamoiyureba sityvis bgeriT
mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris arsebuli Sesatyvisoba.
am sakiTxis garkvevis mizniT a. bainduraSvilis mier Catarebuli
eqsperimentis Sedegebis mixedviT gairkva, rom varaudi, TiTqos ucnobi
enis sityvebisaTvis mSobliuri enis ekvivalenturi sityvebis SesarCevad
aucilebelia cdispirebs cdis masala antonimuri sityvebis saxiT
eZleodeT, umarTebulia. araantonimuri dapirispirebis SemTxvevaSi
cdispirebi warmatebiT axerxeben amocanis gadaWras. rac kidev erTxel
asabuTebs hipoTezas ekvivalenturi sityvebis SerCevis kanonzomieri
xasiaTis Sesaxeb da ara rogorc SemTxveviTis.
amgvarad, bunebrivi enis leqsikis saxeldebis kanonzomier xasiaTis
Sesaxeb Catarebuli eqsperimentebidan gamoirkva:
1. cdispirebi ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriT mxaresa da
mniSvnelobebis urTierTSedarebis gziT iReben informacias maTi
urTierTSesatyvisobis Sesaxeb.
2. ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobaTa
urTierTSesatyvisis gancdas umetes SemTxvevaSi Tan axlavs rwmena maTi
gamocnobis Sesaxeb.
3. ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSedarebiT miRebuli informacia maTi Sesatyvisobis Sesaxeb
interindividualuri konstantobiT xasiaTdeba.
43
4. zogierTi sityvawyvilis, cdispirTa mier mcire raodenobiT
gamocnoba ar niSnavs, rom am sityvebis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas
Soris Sesatyvisoba sustia an sul ar arsebobs. es mxolod imaze
miuTiTebs, rom sityva aseTi dapirispirebis pirobebSi am Sesatyvisobis
sawvdomad ar aris xelsayreli.
5. jvaredin-enobrivi kvleva gviCvenebs, rom ucnobi enis sityvebis
gamocnoba ar aris maTi mSobliuri enis sityvebis bgeriT mxareTa Soris
rame saxis msgavsebis Sedegi. igi ar unda iyos ganpirobebuli
konvencionaluri asociaciebiT (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 192-193).
garda aRniSnuli daskvnebisa, romlebic am avtorebis
eqsperimentebis Sedegebidan Cans, sainteresod gveCveneba sakiTxi,
romelic a. bainduraSvilma dasva sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da
mniSvnelobis individualuri Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb. raki garkveulad
iTvleba sakiTxi, rom adamianebs axasiaTebT erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebuli sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis wvdomis unari,
xom ar iqneboda saintereso am sakiTxis Seswavla asakobriv WrilSi. ra
TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeva esa Tu is asakobrivi periodi sityvis
grZnobis unaris ganviTarebis mixedviT.
f. irvinma da g. niulendma es sakiTxi 1940 wels inteleqtis
ganviTarebis problemasTan kavSirSi ikvlies. Tumca miRebuli Sedegebi
saxeldebis sakiTxTan kavSirSi ufro iqna miRebuli. maT eqsperimenti
Caatares 299 bavSvze, 4-dan 18 wlis asakamde. am eqsperimentebiT gamoirkva,
rom 4 wlis asakSi saxelsadebi SinaarsisaTvis saxelis SerCeva
SemTxveviT xasiaTs atarebs. 5-dan 9 wlamde saxeldeba upiratesad `ara
SemTxveviT faqtorebis~ safuZvelze xorcieldeba, xolo 9 wlis Semdeg
igi sakmaod gamokveTil kanonzomier xasiaTs Rebulobs.
avtorTa azriT, cdispirebi TavianTi arCevanis safuZvlad asaxeleben
zogad STabeWdilebebs, asociaciebs, atributul faqtorebs. asociaciuri
dasaxelebis SemTxvevaSi umniSvnelo aRmoCnda 5 %. xSirad arCevanis
safuZvels racionalizacia warmoadgens.
sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis
sakiTxis kvlevis Semdgom etaps warmoadgens XX saukunis ukanaskneli
ramodenime aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli eqsperimentebi
44
qarTveli fsiqologebis mier (n. baramiZe, n. bainduraSvili, m.
sirbilaZe). es avtorebi Seecadnen gamoerkviaT aRniSnul komponentebs
Soris arsebuli kavSiris asakobrivi dinamika, sakiTxi maTi mnemuri
Rirebulebis Sesaxeb da sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
urTierTSesatyvisoba, rogorc lingvistikuri unaris erTerTi
komponenti. Cveni eqsperimentic garkveulwilad am sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba,
da mis logikur gagrZelebas warmoadgens. Tumca specifikuria da
saxeldebis safuZvelis sakiTxisaTvis saintereso informacias
gvTavazobs.
aRniSnuli kvlevebi Catarebuli iqna S. tsurusa da h. frisis mier
sityvis mniSvnelobis sakvlevad SerCeuli iaponuri sityvebiT.
n. baramiZis (n. baramiZe 1999 w.) eqsperimentis mizans Seadgenda
sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis mnemuri
Rirebulebis Seswavla. sakiTxis amgvari dayeneba imTaviTve gulisxmobs
sityvis zemoT aRniSnuli ori mxaris Sesatyvisobas. n. baramiZis
eqsperimentis Sedegad miRebuli faqtebi avlenen ara marto
saxeldebisaTvis sityvis ori mxaris urTierTSesatyvisobis
aucileblobis erT-erT ganmsazRvrel faqtors, aramed metad saintereso
masalebsac gvawvdian sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
arsebuli kavSiris bunebis Sesaxeb. am avtoris azriT, Tu ki garkveuli
meTodiT xelovnurad davarRvevT sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da
mniSvnelobas Soris arsebul Sesabamisobas, e.i. nebismierad SevcvliT
sityvis bgeriT mxares, maSin es umalve iCens Tavs aseTi sityvebis
daswavlis siZneleSi, aRmniSvnelisa da aRsaniSnis urTierTkavSiris
aramoxerxebulobaSi. sityvis zemoTaRniSnuli mxareebis urTierT-
Sesaferisoba mniSvnelovnad aadvilebs maT Soris kavSiris damyarebas da
axels uwyobs am sityvebis daswavla-dauflebas. avtori am kvlevis did
aqtualur mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs.
sityvis grZnobis unaris ganviTarebas sxvadasxva asakobriv periodSi
ikvlevda n. bainduraSvili (1986 w.). man cdebi Caatara 9-dan 16 wlamde
asakis moswavleebTan, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis wvdomis
unaris sakvlevad. gamocnobisa da daxsomebis variantebidan miRebuli
iqna urTierTSesatyvisobis wvdomis unaris garkveuli kanonzomiereba.
45
kerZod: asakis matebasTan erTad sworad gamocnobili sityvaTa
raodenoba izrdeboda (3-10 kl.) gamocnobis sisworesa da
darwmunebulobis xarisxs Soris aris maRali korelacia.
n. bainduraSvilis azriT, cdispirebisaTvis antonimuri sityva-
wyvilebis wardgenis SemTxvevaSi amocnobis xarisxi ukeTesia, vidre
araantonimuri wyvilebis wardgenis dros. xolo mnemuri efeqtis
gamovlineba antonimuri wyvilebis miwodebis Semdeg winaaRmdegobrivi
xasiaTisaa, adgili aqvs araekvivalenturi mniSvnelobis sityvawyvilis
ekvivalentur aRdgenas. mnemur efeqtsa da gamocnobis siswores Soris
arsebobs korelacia. amrigad mnemuri efeqtis gamosavlenad ufro
efeqturia araantonimuri sityvebi, romlebic jer amosacnobad da Semdeg
dasaxsomeblad eZlevaT cdispirebs, xolo sityvis bgeriTi mxaresa da
mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiris damyareba ufro misawvdomia cdispire-
bisaTvis antonimuri sityvebis wardgenisas.
amrigad, n. bainduraSvilis mier, garda aRniSnulisa dadgenili iqna,
rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierT-
Sesatyvisobas aqvs gansazRvruli informaciuli Rirebuleba, romlis
safuZvelzec cdis pirebs saSualeba eZleodaT sworad amoicnon ucxo
enis sityvebis umravlesoba, romelTac maT awvdian. aRniSnulidan
gamomdinare avtoris kvlevis hipoTezas Seadgens varaudi imis Sesaxeb,
rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba
warmoadgens lingvisturi unaris specifikur komponents, romlis
mixedviTac SesaZlebelia miRweuli iqnes sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da
mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba, romelic ganisazRvreba,
rogorc fonetikuri kodireba da mniSvnelovani xarisxiT enis leqsikis
aTvisebas uwyobs xels. Tu es hipoTeza Seesityveba sinamdviles, maSin
unari sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
urTierTSesatyvisobis miRwevisa, iqneba korelaciaSi am urTierT-
Sesatyvisobis mnemur efeqtTan, aseT SemTxvevaSi ki es unari aRiarebuli
iqneba, rogorc individualur-fsiqologiuri maxasiaTebeli. aRniSnuli
mosazreba damtkicebul iqna eqsperimentulad. m.sirbilaZem (m. sirbilaZe
2005 w.) eqsperimentulad ikvlia sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
46
urTierTSesatyvisobis gancdis unari, rogorc lingvisturi unaris
komponenti umcros saskolo asakSi.
misi kvlevis mizans warmoadgens: lingvisturi unaris struqturuli
Semadgenlobis dazusteba da misi specifikuri komponentis (sityvis
bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis Sesatyvisobis gancdas) asakobrivi
dinamikis kvleva umcros saskolo asakSi.
lingvistikuri unaris aRniSnuli komponentis prognostikuri
mniSvnelobis gamovlena enebis dauflebis warmatebis mizniT.
m. sirbilaZis kvlevis safuZvelze lingvisturi unari moazrebulia,
rogorc integraluri erTianobis mqone damoukidebeli unari, romelic
kavSirSia zogad gonierebasTan da ucxo enis dauflebis
SesaZleblobasTan. avtoris eqsperimentis Sedegad, lingvisturi unaris
specifikuri komponenti, anu unari romliTac miiRweva sityvis bgeriT
mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba, gansxvavebuli
zomiT aris mocemuli ara mxolod individualurad, aramed klasebisa da
sqesis mixedviTac. aqedan gamomdinare avtori aRniSnavs, rom
SesaZlebelia es maCvenebeli gamoyenebuli iqnas, rogorc lingvisturi
unaris maCveneblad da umcros saskolo asakSi garkveuli
prognostikuli roli iTamaSos ucxo enis warmatebiT aTvisebis
gansazRvraSi.
amrigad, aRniSnulma avtorebma ganagrZes saxeldebis procesis
eqsperimentaluri kvleva, romelic a. bainduraSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT
mimdinareobda. maT gamoarkvies aRniSnul komponentebs Soris (sityvis
bgeriTi mxare da mniSvneloba) kavSiris asakobrivi dinamikis Tavisebu-
rebebi saskolo asakSi da sakiTxi maTi mnemuri Rirebulebis Sesaxeb.
gamoarkvies agreTve, rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc lingvisturi unaris erT-erTi
komponenti, daxsomebis uzrunvelyofas uwyobs xels da adamianis
individualur- fsiqologiuri maxasiaTebelia.
zemoTmoyvanili kvlevebidan gamomdinare SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom
saxeldebis problemis irgvliv, axalaxali davalebebis Sedgena da
miRebuli monacemebis interpretacia im Teoriuli daSvebis farglebSi
iyo mocemuli, ris SesaZleblobasac mecnierebis arsebuli, faqtiuri
47
mdgomareoba iZleoda. magram dReisaTvis mecnierebis ganviTarebis
logikam saxeldebis sakiTxis kvlevis axali mimarTulebiT warmarTvis
aucileblobamde migviyvana, romelic mecnierebisa da praqtikis
urTierTqmedebiT aris ganpirobebuli. Cveni kvleva, saxeldebis sakiTxis
kvlevis Semdgom gagrZelebas warmoadgens, romelic sityvis bgeriTi
mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis
intensifikaciis faqtoris mizniT iqna Catarebuli. kvleva warmoaCens
mexsierebis rols saxeldebis procesSi da misi Tanamedrove mexsierebis
TeoriebiT axsnis mcdelobas warmoadgens.
48
Tavi II. problemis dayeneba da dasamtkicebeli debulebebi.
2.1. problema
1. rogorc vnaxeT, enobrivi masalebis mokle ganxilvac, rom araferi
vTqvaT mravalricxovan eqperimentul kvlevebze, adasturebs, rom
bunebrivi enis leqsikuri fondic kanonzomieri saxeldebis gziT aris
Sedgenili. es sakiTxi safuZvels araa moklebuli, magram imdenad
mniSvnelovania, rom miRebuli Sedegebi da daskvnebi saWiroebs
dazustebas, Semowmebas da kvlevebis ganmtkicebas axal-axali
argumentebiT.
saxeldebis kanonzomiri buneba vlindeba C. foqsis, r. irvinis, r.
devisis, z. fiSeris, S. tsurus, p. frisis, d. uznaZis, a. bainduraSvilis
da sxvaTa eqsperimentul gamokvlevebSi.
XX saukunis ukanaskneli ramodenime aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi
qarTveli fsiqologebis mier sityvis grZnobis unaris Taviseburebebis
Sesaxeb, sxvadasxva dros Catarebuli iqna ramodenime eqsperimenti,
romelTa mixedviTac sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
urTierTSesatyvisoba warmoadgens lingvisturi unaris erT-erT
komponents (m. sirbilaZe 2005 w.) da adamianis individualur fsiqolo-
giur maxasiaTebels (n.bainduraSvili 1986 w.). lingvisturi unari m.
sirbilaZis kvlevaSi moazrebulia, rogorc integraluri erTianobis
mqone damoukidebeli unari, romelic kavSirSia zogad gonierebasTan.
zemoTaRniSnul or komponents Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba gansxvave-
buli zomiT aris warmodgenili ara mxolod individualurad, aramed
klasebisa da sqesis mixedviT. amrigad, irkveva, rom individualuri
ganviTarebis procesSi cvlilebebs ganicdis, rogorc urTierTSe-
satyvisobis miRwevis unari, aseve mnemuri efeqtic. eqsperimentebis
Sedegad gairkva agreTve, rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas
49
Soris urTSesatyvisobis wvdomis unari gavarjiSebadia da mis
ganviTarebas xels uwyobs saganmanaTleblo profesiuli gamocdileba.
kvlevaTa simravlis miuxedavad, kidev arsebobs mTeli rigi
problemebisa, romlebic sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSesatyvisad miRwevis unaris Seswavlis aucileblobaze
miuTiTebs.
Cveni hipoTezis mixedviT, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSesatyvisad gancdis unari xels unda uwyobdes da zrdides
daswavlis produqtiulobas. naTqvamidan gamomdinare, kidev erTi sfero,
romelSic SeiZleba gamovlindes sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas
Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis xasiaTi, unda iyos mexsierebis procesebi,
kerZod, daswavlis procesi.
naTqvamidan gamomdinare, eqsperimentis mizans warmoadgens sityvis
bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis miRwevis
unaris, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris kvleva,
mexsierebis sxvadasxva formebze dayrdnobiT. Cven davinteresdiT, axdens
Tu ara gavlenas sityvawyvilebis urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis da
aRdgenis SesaZleblobaze, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis
faqtorze, asakobrivi Taviseburebebi, genderuli faqtori da socialuri
garemo. kerZod vikvlieT:
gansxvaveba saskolo asakSi am unaris mixedviT, dabali, saSualo da
maRali socialuri fenis bavSvebs Soris, da agreTve sakiTxi, Tu ra
mniSvnelobas iZens individualur-kognituri gamocdileba(leqsikuri
maragi da sxva) sxvadasxva asakobrivi da genderuli jgufis
cdispirebisaTvis, bavSvTa saxlebSi Cveulebriv skolebTan SedarebiT.
amitom, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia kvlevis Catareba saskolo asakis
moswavleTa or asakobriv jgufTan (9-12 wlis da 13-16 wlis) da agreTve
dabali, saSualo da maRali socialuri fenis bavSvebTan (bavSvTa
saxlebSi da Cveulebriv skolebSi).
2 mraval sxvadasxva erovnebis (monolingvist) cdispirebTan analo-
giuri meTodiT eqsperimentebis Catarebis Sedegad a. bainduraSvili
mivida daskvnamde, rom `informacias, romelsac eqsperimentul pirobebSi
iReben rogorc qarTul enaze, aseve ucxour enaze molaparake
50
cdispirebi, maTTvis sruliad ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriTi mxaridan
erTgvari interindividualuri konstantobiT xasiaTdeba . . . igi ar unda
iyos ganpirobebuli am bgeraTa komplesiT gamowveuli asociaciebiT da
saerTod enis Sualobis SedegiT~. rogorc gairkva, enebs Soris
gansxvaveba ar arsebobs, anu aq saqme exeba Sesatyvisobis gavlenis
erTnairad gancdis fenomens. Cvens naSromSi sainteresod miviCnieT
gagverkvia msgavsi problema moswavleebTan ori enis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi. saxeldebis eqsperimentebSi, kvlevis Sedegad yovelTvis
Cndeba kiTxva, Tu ratom xdeba xolme, rom sxvadasxva enis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi vRebulobT gansxvavebul Sedegebs swored amocnobil
sityvaTa raodenobis mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa, rom cdebSi
gamoyenebuli yvela ucxo enis SemTxvevaSi, sworad amocnobili da
daxsomebuli ucxo enis sityvebis SemTxveviTobiT mosalodneli
odenobis farglebs scildeba. es sakiTxebi mexsierebis kuTxiT dRemde
ar aris nakvlevi. naTqvamidan gamomdinare, Cven miznad davisaxeT igive
meTodiT aRniSnuli eqsperimenti Cagvetarebina Cveni cdispirebisaTvis
ucnob or enaze: iaponur da Svedur enaze. a. bainduraSvilis mier
qarTvel cdispirebTan iaponur enaze Catarebuli cdebidan gairkva, rom
qarTuli da iaponuri enebis bgeriT mxareTa Soris msgavseba
absoluturad gamoricxulia. magram Sveduri enis SemTxvevaSi sxva
dabrkolebas SeiZleba SevxvdeT (Sveduri enis msgavseba qarTul enasTan
aseve gamoricxulia). saqme imaSia, rom Sveduri ena evropuli enis ojaxis
sxva enebTan aris dakavSirebuli, romelic Cveni cdispirebisaTvis aris
cnobili. moswavleebi skolaSi euflebian inglisur da germanul enebs.
msgavsebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT winaswari cdebis safuZvelze
SevarCieT iseTi sityvebi, romlebic asociaciebs naklebad iwvevdnen
nacnob enasTan da iaponuris eqvivalent sityvebs warmoadgendnen, Tumca
rogorc cdis Sedegebidan gairkva, maTi sruli ignorireba mainc ver
SevZeliT.
amgvarad aq ramdenime hipoTeza SeiZleba Semowmdes, kerZod: orive
enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, sityvebis daxsomebis da gaxsenebis
procesSi xasiaTdebian Tu ara Cveni cdispirebi erTgvari interindi-
vidualuri konstantobiT. cvlis Tu ara, savaraudod mosalodneli
51
asociaciebi miRweul Sedegs da riTi SeiZleba aixsnas es sxvaobebi.
rogoria gansxvaveba orive enis gamoyenebiT Cvens mier pirobiTad
SerCeul, ori asakobrivi jgufis maCveneblebs Soris.
3. saxeldebis procesis dasrulebisaTvis saxelmdebelma bgeraTa
kompleqsi da mniSvneloba urTierTSedatyvisad da urTierTSesaferisad
unda ganicados, xolo maT Soris urTierTmogebuloba da
urTierTSesatyvisoba aucileblad unda asrulebdes raime rols
sityvebis dauflebisa da gamoyenebis procesSi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi a.
bainduraSvilis azriT, gaugebari iqneboda sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu
ratomaa saWiro maTi urTierTSesatyvisad gancda saxeldebis procesis
dasrulebisaTvis (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w.).
n. baramiZem specialurad Seiswavla sakiTxi, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa
da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis mnemuri Rirebulebis Sesaxeb. man
xelovnurad daarRvia sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
arsebuli Sesabamisoba da Sedegad gamoavlina is siZnele, romelic aseTi
sityvebis daswavlis procesSi ganicdian cdispirebi. mkvlevaris azriT,
sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba ara
mxolod aadvilebs maT Soris kavSiris damyarebas da xels uwyobs
daswavlas, aramed daswavlis simtkicezec axdens gavlenas. garkveuli
varjiSis Semdeg SesaZlebelia daviswavloT rogorc urTierTSesatyvisi,
aseve araurTierTSesatyvisi sityvebi, magram es ukanasknelni pirvelTan
SedarebiT ufro advilad dagvaviwydeba.
ra safuZvli SeiZleba hqondes aseT daskvnas? ra mimarTavs
cdispirebs am arCevanisaken? n. baramiZem ver SeZlo gaeca pasuxi am
kiTxvebze. a. bainduraSvili ganmartavs, rom cdispirTa arCevanis
safuZveli ar aris cnobieri procesi. is aracnobieri mdgomareobaa da
maT gamosavlenad specialuri eqsperimentebia saWiro. d. uznaZis
gamokvlevaTa safuZvelze ki dgindeba, rom cnobierebis Sinaarsis
Taviseburebis ganmsazRvreli piroba aris cnobierebis winmswrebi,
obieqtis asaxvis Taviseburi mocemuloba aqtivobisadmi garkveuli
mzaobis saxiT.
d. uznaZis ganwyobis Teoriis mixedviT, obieqtis asaxvis es
Taviseburi da cnobierebis winaremocemuloba subieqtSi ganwyobis saxiT
52
aris warmodgenili. Tu rogor Camoyalibdeba bgeriTi kompleqsis gancda
da ra xasiaTisa iqneba saxeldebis Sinaarsis is zemoqmedeba, romelsac
eqvemdebareba igi, es damokidebulia im ganwyobaze, romelic win uswrebs
misi gancdis cnobierebaSi aRmocenebas da romelic gansazRvravs mis
ragvarobas. d. uznaZe Tavis cnobil SromaSi `enis Sinaforma~ xazgasmiT
miuTiTebs, rom `sityvasa da mniSvnelobas ganwyoba aSualebs, maT
gaerTianebas, maT sinTezs ganwyoba udevs safuZvlad~. igi am mosazrebebs
amyarebda Tavis adrindel eqsperimentul gamokvlevaze da ganwyobis
bunebis Sesaxeb dadgenil zogad debulebebze.
Cveni eqsperimenti, romelic rogorc avRniSneT `sityvis bgeriTi
mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobas, rogorc mexsierebis
intensifikaciis faqtoris~ kvlevis mizniT iqna Catarebuli,
warmoadgenda mexsierebis specifikuri, gansakuTrebuli rolis gamovle-
nas saxeldebis problemis kvlevis procesSi.
eqsperimentis gansxvavebulad dagegmvis gziT, romelic cdispirebs
masalis aRdgenis sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda, Cven SevecadeT gvekvlia
mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiis gavlena saxeldebis procesis
mimdinareobaze, savaraudod, erT SemTxvevaSi saxeldebis procesi
SeiZleba dasruldes (xangrZlivi mexsierebis strategia), xolo sxva
SemTxvevaSi (xanmokle mexsierebis strategia) bgeriTi mxaris saxelsadeb
SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis ganwyobis SemuSaveba xanmokle droSi ver
moxerxdes. aqamde am sakiTxs TiTqmis aravin ar Sexebia, radgan am
sakiTxebis axsna Zveli Teoriuli daSvebis farglebSi SeuZlebeli iyo.
kognituri fsiqologiis ganviTarebam, mexsierebis procesis axali
formebis warmoqmnis pirobebi gansazRvra, kerZod XX saukunis 80-iani
wlebidan fsiqologTa yuradReba mipyrobil iqna axal lixotomiaze
implicitur da eqsplicitur mexsierebaze. implicituri mexsierebis
problema aqtualuria da dReisaTvis misi mimdinareobis kanonzomierebis
dadgenis mizniT mTel msoflioSi intensiuri kvleva warmoebs.
Cveni kvlevis farglebSi, sainteresod migvaCnia saxeldebis sakiTxi
davukavSiroT da avxsnaT mexsierebis Tanamedrove Teoriebis saSualebiT.
53
saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba vlindeba mnemur efeqtSi, romelic
swored mexsierebis aracnobier formebTan aris dakavSierbuli.
savaraudod es aris implicituri mexsierebis muSaobis Sedegi.
implicituri mexsiereba praimangis saxiT vlindeba. praimangi es aris
is efeqti, is Sedegi, rac implicituri mexsierebis moqmedebas mohyveba.
(Cvens SemTxvevaSi praimangi aris sityvawyvilebis aRdgena Sesatyvisobis
efeqtiT). aris Tu ara Sesatyvisoba indikatori, stimuli, romelsac
SeiZleba hqondes gavlena mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da
warmoadgendes mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors, es gamoCndeba
saxeldebis cdebis mnemur efeqtSi.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare saWirod migvaCnia, rom Cveni
eqsperimenti Catardes sul mcire sam seriad.
pirvel seriaSi – cdispirebs daevalos sityvawyvilebis aRdgena 10
wuTiani daswavlis Semdeg; ucxo enis sityvebis mixedviT.
meore seriaSi – erTi Tvis Semdeg yovelgvari winaswari gameorebis
gareSe sityvawyvilebis aRdgena moxdes ucxo enis sityvebis mixedviT.
mesame seriaSi – masalis aRdgena moxdes isev erTi Tvis Semdeg
meore seriis damTavrebisTanave. sityvawyvilebis erTxel ganmeorebis
uflebiT. sityvawyvilebis aRdgena moxdes isev ucxo enis sityvebis
mixedviT.
seriebs Soris gansxvaveba, mexsierebis gansxvavebuli strategiebiT
moqmedebis gavlenas gamoavlens saxeldebis procesze, rac dagvexmareba
saxeldebis safuZvlis axsnaSi.
2.2. dasamtkicebeli debulebebi
1. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba,
rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris kvleva. mexsierebis
gansxvavebuli strategiebiT moqmedebis mniSvneloba saxeldebis cdebSi.
54
sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis procesSi praimingis efeqtis gamovlena,
rogorc implicituri mexsierebis moqmedebis Sedegi.
2. sityvebis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad
gancdis unaris kvleva, mexsierebis gansxvavebuli strategiebis
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva faqtorebis gavleniT. am faqtorTa
jgufs miekuTvneba: asakobrivi – faqtori; genderuli – faqtori;
socialuri _ garemo.
3. ori enis gamoyenebis, iaponurisa da Sveduris safuZvelze
analogiuri saxeldebis eqsperimentis Catareba, im faqtorTa rolis
gamosavlenad, romelic ganapirobebs mosalodnel Sedegs saxeldebis
eqsperimentebisaTvis misaRebi debulebis farglebSi `informacia,
romelsac cdispirebi ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriTi mxaridan
mimRebloben erTgvari individualuri konstantobiT
xasiaTdebian~(a.bainduraSvili, 1971, gv.182)
aRniSnuli debulebebis dasamtkiceblad dasaxuli iqna Semdegi
amocanebis ganxorcieleba, vikvlieT:
eqsperimenti I.
1. cdis samive seriisaTvis calk–calke gansxvaveba Cvens mier
pirobiTad SerCeul or erTobliobas Soris (iaponuri sityvebi
Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT).
2. gansxvaveba seriebs Soris, romelic cdispirebs masalis aRdgenis
sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda.
3. gansxvaveba or asakobriv jgufs Soris (9-12 wlebi da 13-16 wlebi).
gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi.
eqsperimenti II-III.
analogiuri eqsperimentebi CavatareT Svedur enaze Cveulebriv
skolebSi (eqsperimenti II) da bavSvTa saxlebSi (eqsperimenti III).
damtkicebuli iqna igive debulebebi, garda aRniSnulisa ganxorcielda
Semdegi amocanebi.
1. skolebis Sedareba Sveduri enis gamoyenebiT (Cveulebriv skolasa
da bavSvTa saxlebs Soris) seriebis mixedviT, swored aRdgenil rogorc
Sesatyvis aseve araSesatvis sityvawyvilebze, moswavleTa mTel
raodenobaze da asakobriv jgufebSi.
55
2. enebis Sedareba (Sveduri da iaponuri) Cveulebrivi skolis
moswavleTa monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, cdispirTa mTel raodenobaze
da asakobriv jgufebSi.
56
Tavi III. empiriuli nawili
disertaciis miznebidan da amocanebidan gamomdinare eqsperimentuli
kvleva ramdenime etapad ganxorcielda. sul Catarebul iqna sami
eqsperimenti or ucxo enaze iaponur da Svedur enaze. sam seriad da
TiToeul seriaSi or variantad. TiToeuli eqsperimentis mizans
warmoadgenda sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
urTierTSesatyvisobis unaris kvleva, rogorc mexsierebis
intensifikaciis faqtoris. II-III eqsperimentebSi damatebiT vikvlieT im
faqtorTa roli, romelic savaraudod zemoqmedebas axdens aRniSnul
mxareTa Soris urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze.
3.1. I eqsperimenti- sityvis bgeriTi mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris
kvleva iaponuri enis sityvebze.
mocemul etapze ganxorcielebuli eqsperimentis mizans warmoadgenda
cdis samive seriaSi gamogvekvlia Cvens mier pirobiTad SerCeuli ori
erTobliobidan (iaponuri sityvebi Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT) cdispirebisaTvis cdis masalis daswavla atarebda
SemTxveviT xasiaTs, Tu piriqiT, daswavlis procesSi cdispirebs
exmareboda sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mis mniSvnelobas Soris
kanonzomieri araSemTxveviTi kavSiri, eqsperimentSi SevecadeT gagverkvia
aRniSnul komponentebs Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc
mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris roli da agreTve mexsierebis
sxvadasxva strategiebis gavlena saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze.
Sesabamisad eqsperimentis amocanebi iyo:
1. TiToeuli seriisaTvis zemoT aRniSnuli am or cvlads Soris
arsebuli damokidebulebis dadgena.
2. seriebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena, romelic cdispirebs masalis
aRdgenis sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda.
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3. mexsierebis sxvadasxva formebis muSaobis specifikis gamovlena
saxeldebis cdebSi;
4. biWebsa da gogonebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena Cvens mier
pirobiTad SerCeul or cvlads Soris;
5. asakobriv jgufebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena da maTi SedarebiTi
analizi.
kvlevis meTodis daxasiaTeba
kvlevis winaSe dasmuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad SevarCieT S.
tsuresa da h. frisis eqsperimentebSi gamoyenebuli iaponuri sityvebi. am
meTodiT saTaves iReben eqsperimentebi, romlebSic saxeldebis
problemebis kvlevis mizniT cdis masalad bunebrivi enebis leqsika
gamoiyeneboda; am meTodis modifikaciebiT isargebla bevrma avtorma (g.
olporti, s. riCi, a. bleki, r. brauni, a. horoviCi, a. bainduraSvili, n.
bainduraSvili, m. sirbilaZe, n. baramiZe da sxvebi). eqsperimentSi
gamoyenebuli iyo 25 wyvili iaponuri sityva, TiToeuli sityvawyvili ise
iyo SerCeuli, rom SesaZleblobis farglebSi erTimeoris sapirispiro
Sinaarsebi gamoexataT. magaliTad: Citi – Wia, omi da zavi da sxva.
pirvel adgilze moTavsebuli inglisur sityvas yovelTvis ar
Seesabameboda pirvel adgilze myofi iaponuri sityva. cdispirs unda
waekiTxa TiToeuli sityvawyvili da ganesazRvra romel iaponur sityvas
romeli inglisuri sityva Seesabameboda.
Cveni kvleva, rogorc zemoT avRniSneT sami eqsperimentisgan
Sedgeboda. pirveli eqsperimentSi S tsuresa da h. frisis analogiurad
gamoiyeneboda iaponuri sityvebi, maTi eqvivalenturi da
araeqvivalenturi qarTuli mniSvnelobebiT. xolo meore da mesame
eqsperimenti tardeboda Svedur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebis gamoyenebiT.
samive eqsperimentis cdebi mimdinareobda analogiurad sam seriad.
cdis aRwera:
cdebi Sedgeboda sami seriisagan. TiToeuli seria tardeboda
cdispirTa erTsa da imave jgufebze or variantad (I da II varianti).
TiToeul variantSi dakavebulni iyvnen sxvadasxva cdispirebi. cdispirTa
am or jgufs Soris iaponur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebi sxvadasxvanairad
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nawildeboda. is iaponuri sityvebi, romlebic I variantis cdispirTa
jgufebs eZleodaT ekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT, II variantis cdispirTa
jgufebs – is araekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT miewodebaT da piriqiT is
sityvebi, romlebic I variantis cdispirTa jgufebs eZleodaT
araekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT, II variantSi es sityvebi ekvivalenturi
mniSvnelobiT iyo warmodgenili.
I variantisaTvis SerCeuli iyo 20 sityva, sadac 10 iaponur sityvas 10
Sesatyvisi qarTuli sityva, xolo danarCen 10 iaponur sityvas 10
qarTuli araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis mqone sityva hqonda miwerili.
II variantSi cdispirebs eZleodaT analogiurad mxolod 20 sityva,
sadac 10 iaponur sityvas 10 Sesatyvisi qarTuli sityva, xolo danarCen
10 iaponur sityvas 10 araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis qarTuli sityva
Seesabameboda. garda amisa monacemTa mravalferovnebis mizniT, qarTul-
iaponuri sityvebi iseTnairad iqna SerCeuli, rom maTgan 10 iaponur
sityvas I da II variantSi miwerili hqonda antonimuri mniSvnelobis
qarTuli sityvebi. (magaliTad: heeua – omi (I varianti) da heeua –
mSvidoba (II varianti), xolo danarCens SemTxveviTi mniSvnelobiT
SerCeuli sityvebi. ZiriTadi principebi qarTul-iaponuri
siryvawyvilebis SerCevisa orive variantSi iyo analogiuri.
I seria
monawileebi:
kvlevaSi monawileobda 177 cdispiri. aqedan I asakobriv jgufSi (9-12
wlis) iyo 89 cdispiri, II asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 wlis) 88 cdispiri.
cdebi tardeboda Tbilisis or 165-e da 23-e sajaro skolebSi. IV –
XI klasis moswavleebTan.
cdis masala:
cdispirebs urigdebodaT furclebi, romlebzedac iyo iaponur-
qarTuli sityvebis CamonaTvali. erT nawils yovel asakobriv jgufSi
eZleoda I variantis nimuSi, xolo danarCen nawils moswavleebisas – II
variantis nimuSi. cdispirebis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos orive
variantis Sedarebis gziT xdeboda monacemTa analizi, Cveni hipoTezis
Sesaxeb, anu ramdenad mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens bgeriTi mxaresa da
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mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba maTi daxsomebisa da daswavlis
procesze.
miwodebuli iaponur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebi
I varianti
aka – wiTeli
heeua – omi
tatakai – mSvidoba
muSi – Wia
Sikaku – wre
katai – magari
tori – Citi
haiai – neli
uarui – kargi
Cikai – axlos
osoi – Cqari
nigotta – WuWyiani
Ciisai – patara
maru – kvadrati
oio – cudi
teki – mteri
tooi – megobari
iavuai – rbili
ookii – didi
mikata – Sors
procedura
cdebi yovel asakobriv jgufSi tardeboda analogiuri wesiT.
cdispirebs eZleodaT Semdegi instruqciebi: I seria.
`qvemoT warmodgnilia qarTuli da iaponuri sityvebis wyvili.
TiToeul qarTul sityvas swored es iaponuri Seesatyviseba. Tqven
gevalebaT daixsomoT es sityvawyvilebi. dasaxsomeblad geZlevaT
mxolod 10 wuTi, ris Semdegac dagirigdebaT axali furclebi mxolod
II varianti
aka - WuWyiani
heeua – mSvidoba
tatakai – omi
muSi - mteri
Sikaku – wre
katai – didi
tori – Wia
haiai – Cqari
uarui – cudi
Cikai – magari
osoi – neli
nigotta – rbili
Ciisai – axlos
maru – wre
oio – kargi
teki – sqeli
tooi – Sors
iavuai – wiTeli
ookii – patara
mikata – megobari
60
iaponuri sityvebis CamonaTvaliT. Tqveni movaleobaa miaweroT am iaponur
sityvebs Sesatyvisi qarTuli mniSvnelobebi. anketis Sevsebis
xangrZlivobaa maqsimum 10 wuTi~.
II – III seria
meore seria tardeboda 1 Tvis Semdeg igive cdispirebze, igive
masaliT or variantad. cdispirebs eZleodaT meore instruqcia: `Tqven
dagirigdebaT anketebi mxolod iaponuri sityvebiT da gevalebaT
aRadginoT maTi Sesatyvisi qarTuli mniSvnelobebi. mofiqrebisaTvis
geZlevaT maqsimum 10 wuTi. SeecadeT gaixsenoT rac SeiZleba meti
raodenoba am sityvebisa~.
samuSaos Sesrulebis Semdeg cdispirebs CamoerTmeodaT namuSevrebi
da eZleodaT ukve mesamed erTxel gadakiTxvis uflebiT iaponur-
qarTuli sityvawyvilebis anketebi xelaxali gaxsenebisaTvis.
(III seria) mesame instruqcia:
“gasaxseneblad dagirigdebaT anketebi TqvenTvis kargad nacnobi
iaponur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebiT, erTxel gadakiTxvis uflebiT.” amis
Semdeg cdispirebs CemoerTmeodaT furclebi da eZleodaT xelaxali
anketebi wyvilis mesamed aRdgenis mizniT. cdis II-III seriebi tardeboda
cdispirTa erTsa da imave raodenobaze 177-177 cdispirze. xolo
asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT cdispirebi aseTnairad nawildebodnen II-III
seriaSi cal-calke 9-12 wlis – 89-89 cdispiri, 13-16 wlis 88-88 cdispiri.
eqsperimentis Sedegebis ganxilva
miRebuli monacemebi damuSavda statistikuri programis SPSS-is
saSualebiT, monacemTa damuSavebisas gamoyenebuli iqna saSualoTa
Sedarebis meTodi damoukidebuli jgufebisaTvis (Independent Sample T test)
da Sewyvilebuli jgufebisaTvis (Paired Semple T test).
ganvixiloT cdis samive seriis Sedegebi cal-calke.
cdis I seriaSi Cvens mier miwodebuli 20 iaponur-qarTuli
sityvawyvilidan 10 wuTiani daswavlis Semdeg, Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT
61
aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenoba iyo M=11.4 araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvebisaTvis ki M=10.6 (ix.diagrama 1).
diagrama 1. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT
(iaponuri ena)
9,6
8,1
5,2
3,3
11,4
10,6
Sesatyvisi miwodeba III seriaSi
araSesatyvisi miwodeba III seriaSi
Sesatyvisi miwodeba II seriaSi
araSesatyvisi miwodeba II seriaSi
Sesatyvisi miwodeba I seriaSi
araSesatyvisi miwodeba I seriaSi
rogorc vxedavT, pirvel seriaSi Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba
mcirediT aRemateba araSesatyvisad mowodebuli sityvawyvilebis
raodenobas, es gansxvaveba statistikurad mniSvnelovani ar aris sig=0.07.
p<0.05. (ix. cxrili 1).
cxrili 1. Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas
aRdgenebis Sedareba seriebis mixedviT
t Sig. (2-tailed)
I seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,16 0,07
II seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 6,795 0,000
III seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,169 0,06
62
Tu TiToeul Cvens mier pirobiTad SerCeul asakobriv jgufSi
SevadarebT Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad miwodebisas erTidaigive
sityvebis aRdgenis saSualo mniSvnelobas, vnaxavT rom igive tendencia
gvaqvs, rac miviReT mTel jgufSi. pirvel seriaSi Sesatyvisi da
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas swored
aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobas Soris sxvaoba ar iyo mniSvnelovani, anu
daaxloebiT erTnairad aRadgendnen. I asakobriv jgufSi (9-12 wlis)
sig=0.09 p<0.05 da II asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 wlis) sig=0.07 p<0.05 (ix.
cxrili 2).
ცხრილი 2.
Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas aRdgenebis
Sedareba TiToeul asakobriv jgufSi, seriebis mixedviTt Sig. (2-tailed)
I seria
9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 2.93 0,09
13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 2,15 0.07
II seria
9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 6,795 0,000
13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 4.985 0.000
III seria
9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba0.985
0,09
13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,269 0.06
axdens Tu ara gavlenas asaki sworad aRdgenis raodenobaze anu
SegviZlia Tu ara vTqvaT, rom 9-12 wlis da 13-16 wlis moswavleebi
erTnairad aRadgenen sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs? diagrama 2-ze Cans is
gansxvaveba, riTac ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis monacemebi aRemateba
rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas
swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobis mixedviT umcrosi asakobrivi
63
jgufis moswavleebs. Muf=12.0, xolo Mumc=8.8 araSesatyvisi miwodebisas
da Mef=12.3, xolo Mumc=10.5 Sesatyvisi miwodebis SemTxvevaSi.
diagrama 2. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas swored
aRdgenebis saSualoთა Sedareba ასაკის mixedviT TiToeul seriaSi (iaponuri ena)
9,6
7,9
5,5
3,7
10,5
8,8
9,7
8,2
5,0
2,9
12,3
12,0
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
III ser
iaII ser
iaI ser
ia
sworad aRdgenili sityvebissaSualo raodenoba
13-16 weli 9-12 weli
statistikurad sando gansxvaveba miviReT asakobrivi jgufebis
Sedarebisas swori aRdgenebis raodenobis mixedviT, rogorc Sesatyvis
ise araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze (ix. cxrili 3).
64
ცხრილი 3.
შესატყვისი მნიშვნელობით და არაშესატყვისი მნიშვნელობით
მიწოდებისას სწორედ აღდგენების საშუალოთა შედარება ასაკობრივი
ჯგუფების მიხედვით თითოეულ სერიაში
t Sig. (2-tailed)
I seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba 2,564 0,003
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 3,485 0.002
II seria
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 1,603 0.223
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,715 0.356
III seria
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 1,24 0,258
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,263 0,095
aris Tu ara gavsxvaveba genderul jgufebSi, anu axdens Tu ara
gavlenas sqesi swored aRdgenebis raodenobaze. cxrili #4-dan
vnaxulobT, rom gansxvaveba swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobebs
Soris, rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT
gogonebTan da biWebTan umniSvneloa. Mean (gogo)=5.86, Mean (biWi)=5.55
Sesatyvisi miwodebisas, xolo Mean (gogo)=5.48, M ean (biWi)=5.22
araSesatyvisad miwodebisas. rogorc gogonebTan, aseve biWebTan Sesatyvis
mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba metia vidre
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba (ix.
cxrili 4).
65
ცხრილი 4. შესატყვისი მნიშვნელობით და არაშესატყვისი მნიშვნელობით მიწოდებისას სწორედ
აღდგენების საშ უალოთა შედარება სქესის მიხედვით თითოეულ სერიაში (იაპონური ენა)
sqesi Mean
I seria
Sesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 5,55
gogo 5,86
araSesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 5,22
gogo 5,48
II seria
Sesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 2,56
gogo 2,63
araSesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 1,55
gogo 1,72
III seria
Sesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 4,25
gogo 5,23
araSesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 3,93
gogo 4,97
statistikurad sando gansxvaveba ar aRmoCnda orive sqesis
Sedarebisas rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT (ix.
cxrili 5).
ცხრილი 5. ორივე სქესის შედარება, როგორც შესატყვის, ასევე არაშესატყვის მნიშვნელობebze
t Sig. (2-tailed)
I seria
Sesatyvisi miwodeba -1,097 0,274
araSesatyvisi miwodeba -0,751 0,454
II seria
Sesatyvisi miwodeba -0,281 0,779
araSesatyvisi miwodeba -0,848 0,397
III seria
Sesatyvisi miwodeba -3,289 0,001
araSesatyvisi miwodeba -3,087 0,002
66
II seria
cdis II seriaSi iaponur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebis xelaxali
reproduqcia moxda zustad 1 Tvis Semdeg, ganmeorebis gareSe. aRdgenili
sityvawyvilebis raodenoba gacilebiT naklebi iyo, vidre cdis I seriaSi.
Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvebis aRdgenis saSualo raodenoba MSes=5.2.
xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvebis raodenoba
MaraS=3.3. gansxvaveba cdis II seriaSi Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad
aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad mniSvnelovania. sig=0.000
p<0.05 es monacemebi gamoTvlilia moswavleTa mTel raodenobaze
(cxrili 1).
gansxvaveba asakobriv jgufebSi Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad
aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad mniSvnelovania. I
asakobriv jgufSi (9-12 wlis) es gansxvaveba tolia sig=0.000 p<0.05, igive
mniSvnelobas Rebulobs II asakobrivi jgufic (13-16 wlis) sig=0.000 p<0.05
(cxrili 2).
sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT am seriaSi sapirispiro
viTareba gvaqvs vidre I seriaSi. rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba ufro metia I
asakobriv jgufSi, vidre II asakobriv jgufSi, I asakobriv jgufSi
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis dros M ean =3.7, xolo Sesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis dros M ean=5.5.
II asakobriv jgufSi araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis saSualo
raodenoba M ean=2.9, xolo Sesatyvisi raodenobiT aRdgenis saSualo
raodenoba Mean =5.0 (diagrama 2). statistikurad sando gansxvaveba II
seriaSi jgufebs Soris, rogorc Sesatyvisad, aseve araSesatyvisad
aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi ver miviReT. Sesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi
sig=0.223 p<0.05; araSesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevasi sig=0.356 p<0.05.
(ix.cxrili 3).
genderul jgufebSi gogonebsa da biWebs Soris swored aRdgenili
sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenobebs Soris sxvaoba umniSvneloa.
Sesatyvisad aRdgenis saSualo mniSvneloba biWebTan Mean=2.56,
gogonebTan Mean=2.63. araSesatyvisad aRdgenis saSualo mniSvneloba
67
biWebTan M ean=1.55, gogonebTan M ean=1.72. rogorc vxedavT, miuxedavad
imisa, rom raodenobrivad rogorc Sesatyvis, aseve araSesatyvis
sityvawyvilebis aRdgenebs Soris sxvaoba umniSvneloa orive sqesis
SemTxvevaSi, Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis aRdgenebis
saSualo maCvenebeli metia, vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis
saSualo maCvenebeli. (cxrili 4). statistikurad sando gansxvaveba ar
aRmoCnda arc am seriaშi, orive sqesis Sedarebisas aRdgenil
sityvawyvilebs Soris, rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT (ix.cxrili 5).
III seria
cdis III seriaSi, rogorc avRniSneT cdispirebs masalis mxolod
erTxel, xelaxali gadakiTxvis ufleba hqondaT. III seria tardeboda II
seriis dasrulebisTanave. (cdispirebi iaponur sityvebs aRadgendnen
mesamejer).
mesame seriaSi cdispirTa mTel raodenobasTan Catarebuli
eqsperimentidan irkveva, rom Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas
aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis saSualo mniSvneloba ufro metia
M =9.6, vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi M =8.1.
(diagrama 1).
maT Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ar aris sig=0.06 p<0.05,
(cxrili 1).
gansxvaveba asakobriv jgufebs Soris Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad
aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs SigniT statistikurad sando ar aris. ufros
asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 wlis) sig=0.06 p<0.05. umcros asakobriv jgufSi
ki gansxvaveba tolia sig=0.09 p<0.05 (ix.cxrili 2).
ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi ufro meti raodenobiთ
aRadgenen sityvebs, vidre umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi,
rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT. am mxriv igive
viTarebaa rasac adgili hqonda cdis I seriaSi.
I asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebTan araSesatyvisi sityvawyvilebis
aRdgenis saSualo raodenoba M =7.9. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili
sityvebis raodenoba M =9.6. II asakobriv jgufSi Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
68
aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenoba M=9.7. xolo
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba M=8.2
(ix.diagrama 2).
statistikurad sando gansxvaveba III seriaSi jgufebs Soris, rogorc
Sesatyvisad, aseve araSesatyvisad aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi ver miviReT.
Sesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi sig=0.258 p<0.05
Aაraშesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi sig=0.095 p<0.05
(ix.cxrili 3).
genderul jgufebSi, gogonebsa da biWebs Soris swored aRdgenili
sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenobebs Soris sxvaoba, rogorc
Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT statistikurad sandoa.
Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sig=0.001 p<0.05, araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
sig=0.002 p<0.05 (ix. cxrili 5).
da bolos seriebis Sedegebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad
mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda yvelgan pirvelsa da meore serias Soris
sig=0.000 p<0.05; meore da mesame serias Soris sig=0.000 p<0.05; pirvelsa
da mesame serias Soris sig=0.005 p<0.05. (ix.cxrili 6).
ცხრილი 6. სერიებს შორის შედარება
T sig.
pirveli da meore seria 19,348 0.000
meore da mesame seria 15,877 0.000
pirveli da mesame seria 10,248 0.005
eqsperimentis Sedegebis analizi
I eqsperimentis es saerTo Sedegi miuTiTebs imaze, rom sityvis
bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unari
kanonzomieri procesia. saxelisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesabamisoba
69
aadvilebs maT Soris kavSiris damyarebas, xels uwyobs sityvebis
dauflebis process da daswavlis simtkicesac ganapirobebs. Cveni
eqsperimentis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, romelic cdispirebs masalis
aRdgenis sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda, gamovarkvieT mexsierebis
sxvadasxva strategiebis gavlena saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze.
SevadareT yvela seriis davalebebis specifikurobidan gamomdinare,
orive sqesisa da asakobrivi jgufis gaTvaliswinebiT moswavleTa
Sedegebi.
I seriis Sedegebi
cdis I seriis Sedegebis analizisas (romlis mixedviTac cdispirebi
erTnairi warmatebiT imaxsovreben rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSe-
satyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul iaponur sityvebs) bunebrivia ibadeba
kiTxva xom ar ganapirobebs gameorebaTa garkveuli raodenoba masalis
daswavlas da misi Semdgomi reproduqciisas Cvens mier sakvlev
hipoTezas xom ar ayenebs eWvqveS?
am sakiTxis asaxsnelad SeiZleba daswavlis `hiperfiqsaciis~ kanons
mivmarToT, rogorc d. uznaZe aRniSnavs: `Warbi gameorebis dadebiTi
mnemuri Rirebuleba gansazRvrul farglebSi udaoa da igi damaxsovrebis
ganmtkicebaSi iCens Tavs~ (d. uznaze, 1998, gv. 387). magram rogoria yoveli
masalis dasamaxsovreblad saWiro gameorebaTa minimaluri raodenoba?
razea is damokidebuli? isev uznaZesTan vnaxulobT, rom `rac ufro mets
imeoreb, miT ufro naklebsa da naklebs mateb ukve damaxsovrebuli
raodenobas~. magram rogor iCens Tavs am kanonis Tavisebureba Cvens
eqsperimentSi?
instruqciis Tanaxmad, rogorc vnaxeT gameorebaTa ricxvi ar iyo
zustad gansazRvruli. zogisTvis is SeiZleboda yofiliyo meti,
zogisTvis naklebi. Cveni cdis pirobebis gamo am ricxvis zusti dadgena
SeuZlebeli iyo. gasaTvaliwinebeli iyo agreTve bunebrivi tempic, radgan
swavlis tempi swored pirovnebis bunebriv tempTan aris dakavSirebuli.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, cdis I seriis SedegebSi absoluturad
aisaxeba es Tvalsazrisi, radgan udaoa, rom gameorebaTa ricxvi
70
garkveul rols TamaSobs iaponur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebis daswavlis
procesSi da es dro sruliad sakmarisia cdis masalis dasaხსომებlad.
aseTi daskvna saWiroebs kvlevis Sedegebis axsnas instruqciis
specifikidan gamomdinare, romelic ki ar uaryofs sakvlev hipoTezas,
aramed mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiebis mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs
saxeldebis procesSi.
instruqciis Tanaxmad. cdis I seriaSi cdispirebisaTvis mexsierebis
marTvis strategia iyo `gameoreba~ da informaciis dauyovneblad
amoReba-aRdgena.
amrigad, rodesac instruqcia cdispirebisagan moiTxovda masalis
aRdgenas mokle vadaSi, cdispirebi erTnairi warmatebiT asrulebdnen
davalebas, rac imas niSnavs, rom savaraudod instruqciis Sesrulebis
procesSi CarTuli iyo xanmokle mexsierebis strategia da ara
Sesatyvisoba-araSesatyvisobis principi. amitom, Cveni winaswari hipoTeza,
rom sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba
mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mnemur procesze ar vrceldeba
moklevadiani reproduqciis dros. xanmokle mexsiereba anxorcielebs
myisier insrtuqcias da ar eswreba bgeriTi kompleqsis saxelsadeb
SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis ganwyobis SemuSaveba bunebrivi gziT.
Cvens mier zemoT aRniSnul movlenaze, anu sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa
da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze, asakobrivi
faqtori ar axdens gavlenas. TiToeuli asakobrivi jgufis SigniT,
gansxvaveba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul
sityvawyvilebze umniSvneloa. rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom saTanado
ganwyobis Seqmnis pirobebSi mnemuri efeqti Tanabrad muSaobs normaluri
inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis mqone yvela cdispirze. am SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba vilaparakoT mxolod mexsierebis marTvis procesebze
swavlebis dros. Oorive SemTxvevaSi araSesatyvisobis siZneles Cveni
cdispirebi daxsomebis procesSi umklavdebian swored formulirebuli
daswavlis strategiebiT saswavlo an Cvens SemTxvevaSi eqsperimentul
situaciaSi.
garda amisa, aRmoCnda rom rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT miwodebuli sityvebis aRdgenis procentuli raodenoba
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ufros asakobriv jgufSi ufro maRalia, vidre umcros asakobriv
jgufSi, xolo gansxvaveba askobrivi jgufebis Sedarebisas swori
aRdgenebis raodenobis mixedviT cal-calke, rogorc Sesatyvis aseve
araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze statistikurad sandoa. (ix.cx.#3) es Sedegi
gvafiqrebinebs, rom ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis moswavleebs askobriv
kognituri gamocdileba saSvalebas aZlevs ufro efeqturad warmarTon
daxsomebis procesi, xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis SemTxvevaSi.
gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi, rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebs Soris aRdgenis
procesSi statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda. anu xanmokle mexsierebis
strategiis pirobebSi kognituri procesebi gogonebTan da biWebTan
erTnairad mimdinareobs.
II seriis Sedegebi
cdis II seriaSi seriebs Soris erTTviani intervalis Semdeg,
sityvawyvilebis xelaxali aRdgenis Sedegad gairkva, rom Sesatyvisi
iaponuri mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebis aRdgena ufro meti raodenobiT
xdeba, vidre araSesatyvisi, rac statistikurad sandoa. sityvis bgeriT
mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis SemTxvevaSi
vlindeba mnemuri efeqti – da sityvebi adekvaturi mniSvnelobiT
cdispirebs amaxsovrdebaT ara mxolod ufro didi raodenobiT, aramed
mtkiced, vidre bgeriTi kompleqsebi araadekvaturi mniSvnelobiT. e.i.
sityvis bgeriT mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba aadvilebs
maT Soris kavSiris damyarebas, xels uwyobs daswavlas da mis
simtkicezec axdens gavlenas.
zemoTaRniSnuli amarTlebs Cvens hipoTezas, rom saxeldeba ar aris
SemTxveviTi procesi da masSi monawileobis pirveladi ganwyoba,
romelic sxva enobrivi koleqtivis wevrebisTvisac TiTqmis identuria.
cdis II seriaSi xangrZlivi mexsiereba cdis masalis aRdgenis ufro
farTe SesaZleblobebs iZleva, rac vlindeba mis mier Sesrulebul or
SedegSi: a) sityvawyvilebis saerTo raodenobis aRdgenaSi; b) Sesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis efeqturobaSi.
72
rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebuli
sityvawyvilebis aRdgena umcros asakobriv jgufSi raodenobrivad odnav
ufro maRalia, vidre ufros asakobriv jgufSi, rac mas ganasxvavebs I
seriis Sedegebisagan. orive asakobriv jgufis EESedarebisas cal-calke
Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad swored aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis
raodenobebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ver miviReT, rac
gvafiqrebinebs, rom orive asakobriv jgufSi, garkveuli periodis Semdeg,
cnobierebis monawileobis gareSe mimdinare procesebi absoluturad
identuria.
TiToeuli asakobrivi jgufis SegniT iseve rogorc cdispirTa mTel
raodenobasTan Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul
sityvawyvilebze gansxvaveba statistikurad sandoa, rac savaraudod,
saxeldebis procesis dasrulebaze metyvelebs. saxeldebis kanonzomieri
buneba vlindeba mnemur efeqtSi, romelic mexsierebis aracnobier
faqtorTan aris dakavSirebuli. Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom
Sesatyvisoba aris stimuli (praimi) romelsac SeiZleba gavlena hqondes
mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da warmoadgens mexsierebis
intensifikaciis faqtors, dadasturda. amrigad, cdis II seria
implicituri mexsierebis muSaobis process warmoadgens, romelic
praimangis Sedegis saxiT vlindeba.
gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi, rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebs Soris aRdgenis
procesSi, statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda. anu xangrZlivi mexsierebis
strategiis gamoyenebisas, iseve rogorc xanmokle mexsierebis (I seria)
strategiis SemTxvevaSi gogonebsa da biWebs Soris kognituri procesebi
praqtikulad erTnairad mimdinareobs.
III seriis Sedegebi
cdis III seriaSi, roca masalis reproduqcia moxda mesamed erTi Tvis
Semdeg, erTi gameorebis uflebiT (Tumca am ricxvis zusti dadgena
SeuZlebeli iyo) aRmoCnda, rom cdispirebi iaponur-qarTuli
73
sityvawyvilebis daswavlas da aRdgenas axdendnen sakmaod didi
raodenobiT II seriasTan SedarebiT da ufro mcired I seriasTan
SedarebiT. saqme imaSia, rom rac ufro meti dro gadis raime garkveuli
masalis daswavlis momentidan, miT ufro Sors midis daviwyebis procesi,
magram is absoluturi daviwyebis dones mainc verasodes ver aRwevs.
Cvens SemTxvevaSi am masalis xelaxla daswavla sagrZnoblad ufro
advili aRmoCnda, vidre misi Tavidan daswavla. am Sedegidan gamomdinare,
gameorebaTa ricxvis simciris gamo, rogorc Cans cdispirebi axdenen
mxolod axlaxans aRqmulis reproduqcias da am mokle drois
ganmavlobaSi bgeraTa kompleqsis, saxelsadebi Sinaarsis funqciis
matareblad gancdis ganwyoba maT ar eqmnebaT. (a. bainduraSvili 1978
weli). aRmniSvnelsa da aRsaniSns Soris urTierTmorgebis da
urTierTasimilaciis procesi ver sruldeba da amitom gansxvaveba
iaponuri sityvebis Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenaTa
Soris III seriaSi statistikurad mniSvnelovani ar aris (ix.cxrili 1).
cdis III seriaSi miRebuli Sedegebi mnemur aspeqtSi iZleva
mexsierebis orive formis mixedviT, rogorc xanmokle mexsierebis, aseve
xangrZlivi mexsierebis TvalsazrisiT Semajamebel efeqts. cdis III
seriaSi aRdgenili sityvebis raodenoba ufro metia, vidre II seriaSi.
gansxvaveba iaponur-qarTul sityvawyvilebs Soris Sesatyvisi da
arasSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda arc erT
asakobriv jgufSi da arc TiToeuli jgufis SigniT calke Sesatyvis da
araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebs Soris (ix.cxrili 3).
aRniSnuli kriteriumebis mixedviT gansxvaveba gogonebsa da biWebs
Soris statistikurad sandoa. gansxvavebiT I da II seriisgan amis mizezad,
cdis III seriaSi, SeiZleba CaiTvalos xanmokle mexsierebis ganmeorebiT
CarTvis SesaZlebloba da genderuli sxvaobebi.
seriebs Soris arsebuli gansxvaveba statistikurad sando aRmoCnda
yvela SemTxvevaSi, (ixcxrili 6) rac amtkicebs mexsierebis sxvadasxva
Fformis gansxvavebulad zemoqmedebis SesaZleblobas saxeldebis
procesis mimdinareobaze.
74
3.2. II eqsperimenti – sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris
kvleva Sveduri enis sityvebze.
aRniSnuli eqsperimentis Catarebis mizans warmoadgenda Svedur enaze
I eqsperimentis identuri eqsperimentis Catareba imave skolebis da imave
asakobrivi jgufis moswavleebTan garkveuli mosazrebiT, kerZod: orive
enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi sityvebis daxsomebis da gaxsenebis procesSi
xasiaTdebian Tu ara cdispirebi erTgvari interindividualuri
konstantobiT;. enaTa Soris gansxvaveba aris Tu ara statistikurad
sando, Cvens mier SerCeuli meTodis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT.
Sesabamisad eqsperimentis amocanebi iyo:
1. TiToeuli seriisaTvis zemoT aRniSnuli cvladebs Soris
(Sveduri sityvebi Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT) arsebuli
damokidebulebis dadgena.
2. seriebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena, romelic cdispirebs masalis
aRdgenis sxvadsxva pirobebSi ayenebda;
3. mexsierebis sxvadasxva formebis muSaobis specifikis gamovlena
saxeldebis cdebSi;
4. genderuli gansxvavebis dadgena Cvens mier pirobiTad SerCeul or
cvlads Soris;
5. asakobriv jgufebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena da maTi
SedarebiTi analizi;
6. enebis Sedareba (Sveduri da iaponuri) Cveulebrivi skolis
moswavleTa monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT cdispirTa mTel raodenobaze.
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kvlevis meTodis daxasiaTeba da masalis SerCeva
kvlevis winaSe dasmuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad saWiro iyo I
eqsperimentis identuri eqsperimentis Catareba meore ucnob Svedur enaze.
S. tsurusa da g. frisis mier SerCeuli iaponuri sityvebi iTargmna
Svedur enaze. radgan Sveduri ena evropuli ojaxis enebs miekuTvneba,
amitom Cveni cdispirebisaTvis nacnob inგlisur da germanul enebTan
asociaciebis maqsimalurad gamoricxvis mizniT CavatareT sityvebis
SesarCevi winaswari cdebi. am SerCevaSi monawileobas iRebdnen
fsiqologiis fakultetis studentebi.
cdebi Catarda or variantad da TiToeul variantSi monawileobas
iRebda 40-40 cdispiri.
pirveli varianti – cdispirebs eZleodaT Semdegi instruqcia:
`qvemoT moyvanilia sityvawyvilebi qarTul enaze. romlebsac
miwerili aqvT Sesatyvisi Sveduri sityvaTa wyvili. Tqven gevalebaT
amoicnoT, Tu romeli Sveduri sityva Seesatyviseba TiToeul qarTul
sityvas mocemuli wyvilidan.”
am amocanis warmatebiT Sesasruleblad aucilebelia
ixelmZRvaneloT pirveli STabeWdilebiT, sityvebi TviTon gagrZnobineben
Tu romel sityvas Seesatyviseba esa Tu is Sveduri sityva. Tu I adgilze
myof qarTul sityvas Tqveni STabeWdilebiT Seesatyviseba I adgilze
myofi Sveduri sityva, maSin I kvadratSi Caiwereba ,,a’’ aso, Tu
I adgilze myofi qarTuli sityvas Seesatyviseba meore adgilze
myofi Sveduri sityva aRniSneT ase ,,b’’ . sityvebi ikiTxeba xmamaRla”.
sul iyo aseTi 25 qarTul-Sveduri sityva.
miwodebuli masala:
1. a) Citi masq
b) Wia fogel
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2. a) wiTeli groin
b) mwvane riod
3. a) mSvidoba fred
b) omi qrig
4. a) tkbili besq
b) mware sioT
5. a) Cqari snabi
b) neli lonsam
6. a) TeTri viT
b) Savi svarT
7. a) Sors borTa
b) axlos nera
8. a) rbili hord
b) magari miuq
9. a) Wkviani dum
b) suleli smarT
10. a) maRali log
b) dabali hiog
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11. a) frani draqe
b) navi boT
12. a) moxuci iung
b) axalgazrda gamal
13. a) kvadrati firqanT
b) wre sirqel
14. a) kargi dolig
b) cudi bra
15. a) qeba Sela
b) Zageba berioma
16. a) didi liTen
b) patara sTur
17. a) sufTa smuTsing
b) WuWyiani rien
18. a) mteri friende
b) megobari ven
19. a) cxeli varm
b) civi qal
78
20. a) arian fins inTe
b) ar arian fins
21. a) lurji gul
b) yviTeli blo
22. a) sqeli Tun
b) Txeli SCoq
23. a) mrudi raq
b) swori sned
24. a) marTali fel
b) tyuili reT
25. a) maxvili vas
b) blagvi sliT
sityvebis SesarCevad sxva cdispirebze CavatareT cdis meore
varianti, isev fsiqologiis fakultetidan; cdispirebs eZleodaT
furclebi, romlebSic tipografiulad iyo dabeWdili 44 wyvili
qarTuli da Sveduri sityvebi. qarTuli sityvebis nawils miwerili
hqonda ekvivalenturi Sveduri sityva. nawils ki - araekvivalenturi
sityva, Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: 1 +; 2 +; 3 +; 4 _; 5 +; 6 _; 7 +; 8 +; 9 _; 10
_; 11 +; 12 +; 13 _; 14 _; 15 _; 16 +; 17 _; 18 +; 19 +; 20 _; 21 _; 22 +; 23 +; 24 +;
25 +; 26 _; 27 +; 28 -; 29 +; 30 +; 31 +; 32 _; 33 _; 34 +; 35 _; 36 _; 37 _; 38 +; 39
_; 40 +; 41 +; 42 _; 43 _; 44 +.
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instruqcia meore variantis masalaze iyo aseTi:
`eqsperimenti miznad isaxavs sityvis grZnobis unaris Seswavlas.
qvemoT moyvanili yovel qarTul sityvas miwerili aqvs Sveduri sityva.
zogierTi Sveduri sityva namdvilad niSnavs imas, ra qarTuli sityvac
aqvs miwerili, zogierTi ki _ ara. Tqven gevalebaT gaarkvioT romeli
Sveduri sityva aris warmodgenili namdvili mniSvnelobiT da romeli
ara. am davalebis Sesrulebisas ixelmZRvaneleT pirveli
STabeWdilebebiT. sityvebi TviTon `gagrZnobineben” romelia namdvili
mniSvneloba da romeli ara. Tu fiqrobT, rom Sveduri sityva namdvili
mniSvnelobiT aris warmodgenili, maSin imave striqonSi moTavsebul
kvadratSi ,,+’’CawereT, Tu ara, maSin imave kvadratSi CawereT
niSani ,,_~.
1. Citi fogeli
2. wiTeli riiod
3. mSvidoba fred
4. tkbili besq
5. Cqari snab
6. TeTri svarT
7. kvadrati firqanT
8. kargi bra
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9. Wkviani dum
10. maRali log
11. qeba berioma
12. Sors borTa
13. moxuci ung
14. lurji gul
15. sqeli Tun
16. rbili miuq
17. didi liTen
18. sufTa ren
19. mteri fiende
20. mrudi raq
21. marTali fel
22. maxvili vas
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23. Wia masq
24. mwvane groin
25. omi qrig
26. mware sioT
27. neli longsam
28. Savi viT
29. wre sirqal
30. cudi dolig
31. Zageba Sela
32. suleli smarT
33. dabali hiog
34. axlos nera
35. axalgazrda gamal
36. yviTeli blo
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37. Txeli SCioq
38. magari hord
39. patara sTur
40. WuWyiani smuT
41. megobari ven
42. swori snel
43. tyuili reT
44. blagvi slio.
aRweril eqsperiments erTi seriozuli nakli aqvs, romelic
saerTod damaxasiaTebelia am tipis eqsperimentebisaTvis. saxelisa da
mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba srulyofilad gamovlindeba maSin,
rodesac cdispirebis mier ucnobi enis fonetikuri Semadgenloba
savsebiT adekvaturad iqneba aRqmuli. aseTi ram ki am tipis
eqsperimentebSi ver xerxdeba.
es mdgomareoba sxvadasxva mizezebiT SeiZleba iqnes ganpirobebuli.
a. bainduraSvili am mdgomareobis erT-erT mizezad asaxelebs
Seusatyvisobas enasa da damwerlobas Soris. gansxvaveba sityvis dawerasa
da gamoTqmas Soris met-naklebad yvela enas axasiaTebs, misi azriT,
erTaderTi gamosavali aris is, rom es sityva cdispirebs mivawodoT
maTTvis nacnobi enis transklifciiT. es ki umTavresad bgeraTa
msgavsebis da ara identurobis safuZvelze iqneba mosaxerxebeli.
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zogierTi eqsperimentatori mimarTavda ucnobi enis mcodnis daxmarebas
da ucnobi enis sityvebs akustikurad anda werilobiT da akustikurad
awvdida cdispirebs. am SemTxvevaSi Tavs iCenda axali siZnele, romelic
aranakleb qmediTia. ucxouri metyvelebis bgerebis aRqma Zlier
arazustia da isini v. artemovis miTiTebiT mSobliuri enis bgerTa
sityvebis safuZvelze aRiqmebian.
yvela am garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT cxadia, mniSvnelovnad
gaZnelebuli iqneba saxelisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad
SemCneva cdispirebis mier. Cvens mier Catarebuli II eqsperimentis
sityvebis SesarCev cdebSi Sveduri enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, garda
zemoTaRniSnuli siZneleebisa obieqturi Sedegebis misaRebad saWiro
gaxda gamogvericxa sityva _ asociaciebi, romlebic Cvens cdispirebs
eqmnebodaT maTTvis nacnob sxva evropul enebTan. cdis I da II variantis
damuSavebis Sedegad SevarCieT iseTi Sveduri sityvebi, romlebic
cdispirTa umravlesobis mier iqna swored amocnobili, aqedan
gamomdinare maT SeZles daemyarebinaT urTierTSesatyvisoba sityvis
bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris. monacemTa damuSavebis Sedegad
gamoiricxa is sityvebic, romlebic Zalian waagavda igive mniSvnelobis
inglisur da germanul sityvebs. amgvarad, miviReT garkveuli
raodenobiT igive mniSvnelobis sityvawyvili, romelic iaponur-qarTul
sityvawyvilebze Catarebuli cdebisas gamoiyeneboda; Tumca SeirCa 18
Sveduri sityva, oriT naklebi, vidre iaponuri; wina eqsperimentis
analogiurad Sveduri sityvebi cdispirebs eZleodaT ekvivalenturi da
araekvivalenturi qarTuli mniSvnelobebiT (IeqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli
S. tsurusa da h. frisis meTodis mixedviT).
cdis aRwera:
cdebi Sedgeboda sami seriisagan, TiToeuli seria tardeboda
cdispirTa erTi da igive jgufebze or variantad (I da II varianti),
TiToeul variantSi dakavebulni iyvnen sxvadasxva cdispirebi. cdispirTa
am or jgufs Soris Svedur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebi sxvadasxvanairad
nawildeboda. is Sveduri sityvebi, romlebic I variantis cdispirTa
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jgufebs eZleodaT ekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT, II variantიs cdispirTa
jgufebs is _ araekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT miewodebodaT da piriqiT.
I variantisaTvis SerCeuli iyo sul 18 sityva, sadac 9 Svedur
sityvas 9 Sesatyvisi qarTuli, xolo danarCen 9 Svedur sityvas 9
qarTuli araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis sityva hqonda miwerili.
II variantSi cdispirebs eZleodaT analogiurad mxolod 18 Sveduri
sityva, sadac 9 Svedur sityvas 9 Sesatyvisi qartuli sityva, xolo
danarCen 9 Svedur sityvas 9 araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis qartuli sityva
Seesabameboda.
cdispirebis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos orive variantis Sedarebis
gziT xdeboda monacemTa analizi. Cveni hipoTezis Sesaxeb, anu ramdenad
mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
urTierTSesatyvisoba maTi daxsomebis da daswavlis procesze. CvenTvis
gansakuTrebiT saintereso iyo gagverkvia meore enis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi imave skolis, imave asakis moswavleebi xasiaTdebodnen Tu
ara erTgvari interindividualuri konstantobiT sityvis grZnobis
unaris mixedviT.
cdis masala:
I varianti
1. fogeli _ Citi
2. qrig _ omi
3. sioT _ mware
4. besq _ tkbili
5. smuTsing _ WuWyiani
6. ven _ megobari
7. hord _ magari
8. masq-Wia
9. viT _ Savi
10. ren _ sufTa
11. miuq _ rbili
12. nera _ Sors
13. dum _ Wkviani
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14. svarT _ TeTri
15. vas _ maxvili
16. sned _ swori
17. berioma _ Zageba
18. snabi _ neli
II varianti
fogeli _ Wia
qrig _ mSvidoba
sioT _ tkbili
besq _ mware
smuTring _ sufTa
ven _ mteri
hord _ rbili
masq-Citi
viT _ TeTri
ren _ WuWyiani
miuq _ magari
nera _ axlos
dum _ suleli
svarT _ Savi
vas _ blagvi
sned _ mrudi
berioma _ qeba
snabi _ Cqari
monawileebi:
I seria
kvlevaSi monawileobda 160 cdispiri, aqedan I asakobriv jgufSi (9-12
weli) iyo 80 cdispiri, II asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 weli) _ 80 cdispiri.
cdebi tardeboda Tbilisis 165-e da 23-e sajaro skolebis IV _ XI
klasis moswavleebTan
86
II _ III seria
II _ III seriebi tardeboda cdispirTa erTsa da imave raodenobaze
160-160 cdispirze, xolo asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT cdispirebi
aseTnairad nawildebodnen II _ III seriaSi cal-calke 9-12 wlis 80 _ 80
cdispiri, 13-16 wlis 80 _ 80 cdispiri.
II _ III seria
II _ III seriebi tardeboda cdispirTa erTsa da imave raodenobaze
160-160 cdispirze, xolo asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT cdispirebi
aseTnairad nawildebodnen II _ III seriaSi cal-calke 9-12 wlis 80 _ 80
cdispiri, 13-16 wlis 80 _ 80 cdispiri.
procedura:
cdebi yovel asakobriv jgufSi tardeboda analogiuri wesiT.
cdispirebs eZleodaT Semdegi instruqciebi:
I seria:
`qvemoT warmodgenilia qarTuli da Sveduri sityvebis wyvili.
TiToeul Svedur sityvas swored es qarTuli sityva Seesatyviseba. Tqven
gevalebaT daimaxsovroT es sityvawyvilebi. dasamaxsovreblad geZlevaT
mxolod 10 wuTi, ris Semdegac dagirigdebaT axali furclebi mxolod
Sveduri sityvebis CamonaTvaliT. Tqveni movaleobaa miaweroT am Svedur
sityvebs Sesatyvisi qarTuli mniSvnelobebi. anketis Sevsebis
xangrZlivobaa maqsimum 10 wuTi~.
II-III seria
meore seria tardeboda ori Tvis Semdeg igive cdispirebze, igive
masaliT or variantad. cdispirebs eZleodaT meore instruqcia: `Tqven
dagirigdebaT anketebi mxolod Sveduri sityvebiT da gevalebaT
aRadginoT maTi Sesatyvisi qarTuli mniSvnelobebi. mofiqrebisaTvis
geZlevaT maqsimum 10 wuTi. SeecadeT gaixsenoT rac SeiZleba meti
raodenoba am sityvebisa~.
87
samuSaos Sesrulebis Semdeg cdispirebs CamoerTmeodaT namuSevrebi
da eZleodaT ukve mesamed erTxel gadakiTxvis uflebiT Svedur-qarTuli
sityvawyvilebiT anketebi xelaxali gaxsenebisTvis.
(III seria) mesame instruqcia
`gasaxseneblad dagirigdebaT anketebi TqvenTvis kargad nacnobi
Svedur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebiT, erTxel gadakiTxvis uflebiT~. amis
Semdeg cdispirebs CamoerTmeodaT furclebi da eZleodaT xelaxali
anketebi wyvilis mesamed aRdgenis mizniT.
II eqsperimentis Sedegebis ganxilva
miRebuli monacemebi damuSavda analogiurad, I eqsperimentisa SPSS-is
saSualebiT, monacemTa damuSavebisas gamoyenebul iqna saSualoTa
Sedarebis meTodi damoukidebeli jgufebisaTvis (Independent Sample Test) da
Sewyvilebuli jgufebisaTvis (aired Sample Test).
ganvixiloT cdis samive seriis Sedegebi calk-calke.
cdis I seriaSi Cven mier miwodebuli 18 Svedur-qarTuli
sityvawyvilebidan 10-wuTiani daswavlis Semdeg Sesatyvisi mniSvne-
lobebiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenoba iyo M=7,7.
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis ki M=7,2 (ix.
diagrama 3)
diagrama 3. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas swored
aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT (Sveduri ena)
5,6
4,9
2,1
1,1
7,7
7,2
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
III seria
II seria
I seria
88
cdis I seriaSi Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas
swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba mcirediT aRemateba
araSesatyvisad miwodebuli sityvawyvilebis raodenobas. es gansxvaveba
statistikurad mniSvnelovani ar aris sig=0.136 p<0.05 (ix. cxrili # 7).
ცხრილi #7.
Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas aRdgenebis Sedareba
seriebis mixedviT t Sig. (2-tailed)
I seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba -
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
1,497 ,136
II seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba -
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
2,945 ,004
III seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba -
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
1,625 ,106
Tu TiToeuli Cvens mier pirobiTad SerCeul asakobriv jgufSi
SevadarebT Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad miwodebisas erTidaigive
sityvebis aRdgenis saSualo mniSvnelobas, vnaxavT rom igive tendencia
gvaqvs, rac miviReT mTel jgufSi da rac I eqsperimentSi gvqonda; pirvel
seriaSi Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT Sveduri
sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobas
Soris sxvaoba ar iyo mniSvnelovani arc I asakobriv jgufSi (9-12 wlis)
sig=0.469 p<0.05 da arc II asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 wlis) sig=0.08 p<0.05
ცხრილი №8 Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas
aRdgenebis Sedareba TiToeul asakobriv jgufSi, seriebis mixedviT t
Sig. (2-
tailed)
I seria 9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba ,728 ,469
13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 2,006 ,08
II seria 9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 2,120 ,037
13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 2,968 ,004
III seria 9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 3,148 ,002
13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,257 ,212
89
axdens Tu ara gavlenas asaki swored aRdgenis raodenobaze, anu
SegviZlia Tu ara vTqvaT, rom 9-12 wlis da 13-16 wlis moswavleebi
erTnairad aRadgenen sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs? diagrama # 4-ze Cans is
gansxvaveba, riTac ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis monacemebi aRemateba
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas sworad aRdgenis saSualo
raodenobis mixedviT umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis moswavleebis
maCvenebels. Muf=7.3; Mumc=7.0; xolo Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT
mowodebisas aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba umcros asakobriv jgufSi
odnav aRemateba ufros jgufs Muf=7.7; Mumc=7.8.
diagrama 4. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas swored
aRdgenebis saSualo Sedareba asakis mixedviT TiToeul seriaSi (Sveduri ena)
5,3
4,1
1,9
1,0
7,8
7,0
6,0
5,6
2,2
1,2
7,7
7,3
Sesatyvisi
miwodeba
araSesatyvisi
miwodeba
Sesatyvisi
miwodeba
araSesatyvisi
miwodeba
Sesatyvisi
miwodeba
araSesatyvisi
miwodeba
III ser
iaII s
eria
I ser
ia
sworad aRdgenili sityvebis
saSualo raodenoba
9-12 weli 13-16 weli
statistikurad sando gansxvaveba I seriis vercerT asakobriv jgufSi
ver miviReT swori aRdgenebis raodenobis mixedviT, rogorc Sesatyvis,
ise araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze (ix. cxrili #9).
90
cxrili #9
asakobrivi jgufebis Sedareba swori aRdgenebis raodenobas Soris
sxvaobis mixedviT t
Sig. (2-
tailed)
I seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba 0,297 0,767
araSesatyvisi miwodeba -0,528 0,598
II seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba 0,068 0,946
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 0,757 0,45
III seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba 0,955 0,341
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 2,22 0,028
axdens Tu ara gavlenas sqesi swored aRdgenebis raodenobaze anu
aris Tu ara gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi? cxr. # 10-dan vnaxulobT,
rom gansxvaveba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT gogonebTan
da biWebTan umniSvneloa. Mean(gogo)=3.87; Mean(biWi)=3.86. Sesatyvisi
miwodebisas, xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas
Mean(gogo)=3.74; Mean(biWi)=3.40. rogorc gogonebTan, iseve biWebTan
Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba metia,
vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvebis raodenoba.
cxrili #10. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas
swored aRdgenebis saSualoTa Sedareba sqesis mixedviT TiToeul seriaSi.
sqesi Mean
I seria
Sesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 3,86
gogo 3,87
araSesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 3,40
gogo 3,74
II seria
Sesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 0,82
gogo ,87
araSesatyvisi miwodebabiWi ,50
gogo ,56
III seria
Sesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 2,56
gogo 3,03
araSesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 2,06
gogo 2,69
91
statistikurad sando gansxvaveba ar aRmoCnda orive sqesis
Sedarebisas, rogorc Sesatyvisi iseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT (ix.
cxr. # 11).
cx.11 orive sqesis Sedareba rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
Independent Samples Testt-test for Equality of Means
t Sig. (2-tailed)
I seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba -0,047 ,96
araSesatyvisi miwodeba -1,194 ,23
II seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba -0,238 ,81
araSesatyvisi miwodeba -0,447 ,66
III seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba -1,454 ,15
araSesatyvisi miwodeba -2,097 ,04
II seria
cdis II seriaSi Svedur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebis xelaxali
reproduqcia moxda zustad 1 Tvis Semdeg, gameorebis gareSe. aRdgenili
sityvawyvilebis raodenoba, msgavsad I eqsperimentisa, aqac gacilebiT
naklebi iyo, vidre cdis I seriaSi; Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvebis
aRdgenis saSualo raodenoba MSes=2.1; xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
aRdgenilisityvebis raodenoba MaraS=1.1. gansxvaveba cdis II seriaSi
Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris
statistikurad mniSvnelovania. sig=0.004 p<0.05. es monacemebi miRebulia
moswavleTa mTel raodenobaze (ix. cxrili # 7).
gansxvaveba asakobriv jgufebSi Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad
aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad mniSvnelovania. I
asakobriv jgufSi (9-12 wlis) es gansxvaveba tolia sig=0.037 p<0.05, II
asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 wlis) sig=0.004 p<0.05 (ix. cxrili # 8).
miuxedavad imisa, rom iaponuri enis gamoyenebiT cdis pirebi ufro
meti raodenobiT aRadgenen sityvawyvilebs, vidre Sveduri enis
gamoyenebiT, statistikuri gansxvavebis TvalsazrisiT II seriaSi
SeiniSneba erTi da igive tendenciebi. anu Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT
92
miwodebisas sityvawyvilebs ufro xSirad aRadgens orive asakobrivi
jgufi, vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas.
sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT am seriaSi igive vitTareba
gvaqvs, rogorc I seriaSi. Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT
aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba ufro metia II asakobriv jgufSi
vidre I asakobriv jgufSi.
I asakobriv jgufSi araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis saSualo
mniSvneloba MaraS=1.0, xolo Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis saSualo
mniSvneloba MSes=1.9.
II asakobriv jgufSi araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis saSualo
mniSvneloba MaraS=1.2, xolo Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili
sityvawyvilebis SemTxvevaSi MSes=2.2 (ix. diagrama # 4).
statistikurad sando gansxvaveba II seriaSi jgufebs Soris calk-
calke, rogorc Sesatyvisad, aseve araSesatyvisad aRdgenili sityvebis
SemTxvevaSi ver miviReT. Sesatyvisad miwodebisas sig=0.946 p<0.05;
araSesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi sig=0.45 p<0.05 (ix. cxrili. # 9).
genderul jgufebSi, gogonebsa da biWebs Soris swored aRdgenili
sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenobebs Soris sxvaoba umniSvneloa.
Sesatyvisad aRdgenis saSualo mniSvneloba biWebTan M=0.82; gogonebTan
M=0.87.
araSesatyvisad aRdgenis saSualo mniSvneloba biWebTan M=0.5,
gogonebTan M=0.56. rogorc vxedavT, miuxedavad imisa, rom raodenobrivad
rogorc Sesatyvis, aseve araSesatyvis sityvawyvilebis aRdgenebs Soris
sxvaoba umniSvneloa, orive sqesis SemTxvevaSi, Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis saSualo maCvenebeli metia, vidre araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis saSualo maCvenebeli. (ix.cxrili. # 10).
statistikurad sando gansxvaveba ar aRmoCnda arc am seriaSi, orive
sqesis Sedarebisas aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris, rogorc Sesatyvisi,
aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT (ix.cxrili. # 11).
III seria
cdis III seriaSi, rogorc avRniSneT cdispirebs masalis mxolod
erTxel, xelaxali gadakiTxvis ufleba hqondaT. III seria tardeboda II
93
seriis dasrulebisTanave (cdispirebi Svedur sityvebs aRadgendnen
mesamejer).
mesame seriaSi cdispirTa mTel raodenobasTan Catarebuli
eqsperimentidan irkveva, rom Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas
aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis saSualo mniSvneloba ufro metia
M=5,6 vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi M=4,9
(diagrama 3).
maT Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ar aris sig=0.106 p<0.05
(ix.cxrili 7). gansxvaveba asakobrivi jgufebis SigniT Sesatyvisad da
araSesatyvisad aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad sando
aRmoCnda umcros asakobriv jgufSi sig=0.002 p<0.05. xolo ufros
asakobriv jgufSi, iseve rogorc moswavleTa mTel raodenobasTan,
statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda sig=0.212 p<0.05 (ix.cxrili 8).
ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi ufro meti raodenobis
sityvebs aRadgenen vidre umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi,
rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT. am mxriv igive
viTarebaa rasac adgili hqonda cdis I da II seriebSi.
I asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebTan, araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
aRdgenili siytvawyvilebis saSualo raodenoba MaraS=5,6 xolo
Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT MSes=6,0. (ix.diagrama 4).
statistikurad sando gansxvavebas orive asakobriv jgufs Soris,
cdis III seriaSi, Sesatyvisad, aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi ver viRebT MSes=0.341.
araSesatyvisad niwodebis SemTxvevaSi ki jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba
statistikurad sandoa MaraS=0.028 (ix. cxrili.#9).
genderul jgufebSi, gogonebsa da biWebs Soris swored aRdgenili
sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenobebs Soris sxvaoba statistikurad
sandoa ,xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas sig=0.04 p<0.05;
Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebs Soris gansxvaveba ki
statistikurad sando ar aris sig=0.15 p<0.05.
da bolos, seriebis Sedegebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad
mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda, Sveduri sityvebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSic,
iseve rogorc I eqsperimentSi – iaponuri sityvebiT, yvelgan – pirvelsa
94
da meore serias Soris sig=0.000 p<0.05, meoresa da mesame serias Soris
sig=0.000 p<0.05 da pirvelsa da mesame serias Soris sig=0.000 p<0.05
(ix.cxrili 12).
cxrili #12.seriebis Sedareba
T sig.
pirveli da meore seria 27,244 ,000
meore da mesame seria -19,216 ,000
pirveli da mesame seria 8,691 ,000
II eqsperimentis Sedegebis analizi
II eqsperimentis dasrulebis Semdeg SeiZleba iTqvas, rom or enaze
Svedursa da iaponur enaze erTi da imave meTodiT da erTsa da imave
moswavleebTan Catarebuli cdebis Sedegebi daaxloebiT erTnairia.
erTnairia is tendenciebic, romlebic am ori eqsperimentis Sedegad
gamoikveTa seriebis mixedviT:
I seriis Sedegebi
cdis I seriaSi 10-wuTiani daswavlis Semdeg Sesatyvisi da
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili Svedur – qarTuli
sityvawyvilebis procentuli raodenoba daaxloebiT erTnairia.
Sesabamisad, maT Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ar aris, rac
imeorebs I eqsperimentis I seriis Sedegebs, yvela cdispiris monacemebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. ( ix. cxrili # 7).
instruqciis Tanaxmad cdispirebisaTvis cdis am etapze erTveba
xanmokle mexsiereba, romlis marTvis strategiaa gameoreba da
informaciis dauyovnebliv amoReba – aRdgena. cdispirebi meore enis
gamoyenebis pirobebSic imave unarebs avlenen da erTnairi warmatebiT
95
euflebian Svedur – qarTul sityvebs, rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT.
cdis es Sedegebi SeiZleba aixsnas ara Sesatyvisoba –
araSesatyvisobis principiT, aramed instruqciis Sesabamisi mexsierebis
strategiiT. cdispirebi anxorcieleben instruqcias da ar eswreba
bgeraTa kompleqsis saxelsadeb SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis ganwyobis
SemuSaveba.
amrigad cdis I seriaSi Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom sityvis
bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba aadvilebs maT
Soris kavSiris damyarebas ar dasturdeba.
Cven mier aRniSnul movlenaze, anu instruqciis Sesrulebis
efeqturobaze asakobrivi faqtori ar axdens gavlenas. TiToeuli
asakobrivi jgufis SigniT. gansxvaveba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebze umniSvneloa. (ix. cxrili # 8).
.am daskvnas aZlierebs monacemebi, romlebic miviReT asakobrivi
jgufebis Sedarebisas calk – calke swori aRdgenebis mixedviT, rogorc
Sesatyvis aseve araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze. maT Soris gansxvaveba
statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda (ix. cxrili 9).
gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi, rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebuli sityvawyvilebis aRdgenisas,
statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda, anu xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis
pirobebSi Sveduri enis gamoyenebiT, iseve rogorc wina eqsperimentSi
kognituri procesebi gogonebTan da biWebTan erTnairad mimdinareobs.
II seriis Sedegebi
II eqsperimentis seriebs Soris erTTviani intervalis Semdeg,
sityvawyvilebis xelaxali aRdgenis Sedegad gairkva, rom Sesatyvisi
mniSvnelobis mqone Sveduri sityvebis aRdgena ufro meti raodenobiT
xdeba, vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis sityvebisa. gansxvaveba
Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul Svedur – qarTul
sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad sandoa. (ix. cxrili 8). rac
imeorebs wina eqsperimentis II seriis daskvnebs, kerZod imis Sesaxeb, rom
sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba
96
aadvilebs maT Soris kavSiris damyarebas da daxsomebis simtkicezec
axdens gavlenas.
II eqsperimentis II seriis Sedegebi imeorebs I eqsperimentis II seriis
sxva daskvnebsac, kerZod:
a) saxeldeba ar aris SemTxveviTi procesi da mas kanonzomieri
xasiaTi aqvs, rac Sesatyvisi mniSvenlobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis
upiratesobaSi vlindeba;
cdis II seriaSi masalis xelaxali reproduqcia xangrZlivi
mexsierebis aqtivizirebas axdens, rac Svedur – qarTuli sityvawyvilebis
saxeldebis efeqtiT aRdgenis SesaZleblobas iZleva.
TiToeuli asakobrivi jgufis SigniT, iseve rogorc cdispirTa mTel
raodenobasTan Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul
sityvawyvilebze gansxvaveba statistikurad sandoa, rac savaraudod
saxeldebis procesis dasrulebaze metyvelebs (ix. cxrili 8). orive
asakobrivi jgufis Sedarebisas cal-calke, Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT, sworad aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT
gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ver miviReT. es Sedegi gvafiqrebinebs,
rom orive asakobriv jgufSi garkveuli periodis gavlis Semdeg,
cnobierebis gareSe mimdinare procesebi identuria.
gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi, rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebis aRdgenas Soris
statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda. anu xangrZlivi mexsierebis
strategiis gamoyenebisas, iseve rogorc xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis
gamoyenebisas gogonebsa da biWebs Soris kognituri procesebi
praqtikulad erTnairad mimdinareobs (ix. cxrili 11).
cdis am seriaSi msgavsad I eqsperimentisa dadastuda Cveni winaswari
hipoTeza, rom Sesatyvisoba aris stimuli, (praimi), romelsac SeiZleba
gavlena hqondes mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da warmoadgens
mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors. cdis II seria implicituri
mexsierebis muSaobis process warmoadgens, romelic praimangis saxiT
vlindeba. implicituri mexsierebis SemTxvevaSi subieqtis mier
daswavlili masalis faqti ar cnobierdeba, magram mis mexsierebaSi jer
kidev rCeba da subieqtis aqtivobas garkveuli mimarTulebiT warmarTavs.
97
amrigad, rogorc aRmoCnda daswavlili informaciis gamoyenebisas
sityvebis aRdgenis Sedegs ganapirobebs cnobierebis anu ganzraxvis
monawileobis kontroli. saxeldebis procesis dasrulebisaTvis mexsie-
rebis am formas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba.
III seriis Sedegebi
cdis III seriaSi, roca masalis reproduqcia moxda mesamed, erTi
Tvis Semdeg, erTi gameorebis uflebiT, aRmoCnda rom cdispirebi Svedur
– qarTuli sityvawyvilebis daswavlas da aRdgenas axdendnen sakmaod
didi raodenobiT II seriasTan SedarebiT da ufro mcired I seriasTan
SedarebiT. cdis III seriaSi miRebuli Sedegebi mnemur aspeqtSi iZleva
mexsierebis orive formis mixedviT, rogorc xanmokle mexsierebis, aseve
xangrZlivi mexsierebis TvalsazrisiT Semajamebel efeqts. cdis III
seriaSi aRdgenili sityvebis raodenoba ufro metia, vidre II seriaSi.
gansxvaveba Svedur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebis Sesatyvis da
araSesatyvis mniSvnelobaTa Soris statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda
cdispirTa mTel erTobliobasTan. (ix. cxrili 7). rogorc Cans
cdispirebi axdenen mxolod axlaxans aRqmulis reproduqcias da am
mokle drois ganmavlobaSi ar eswreba bgeraTa kompleqsis saxelsadebi
Sinaarsis Sesabamisi ganwyobis SemuSaveba.
asakobriv jgufebSi gansxvaveba Sesatyvis da araSesatyvis
mniSvnelobebs Soris statikurad sandoa 9-12wlamde, xolo 13-16wlamde
asakobriv jgufSi is, rogorc cdispirTa mTel raodenobasTan stati-
stikurad sando ar aris.
aRniSnuli kriteriumebis mixedviT gansxvaveba gogonebsa da biWebs
Soris statistikurad sandoa, mxolod araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas. (ix. cxrili #11).
Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, iseve rogorc cdis I seriaSi ar
dadasturda. Tumca gansxvavebiT I seriisgan umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis
cdispirebma SeZles sityvawyvilebis aRdgena Sesatyvisobis efeqtiT.
moswavleTa mTel erTobliobasTan cdis es saerTo Sedegi SeiZleba
aixsnas mexsierebis TaviseburebebiT, romelic garkveul zemoqmedebas
axdens saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze. kerZod, cdis III seriaSi,
98
rodesac Cven cdispirebs masalis erTxel gameorebis ufleba miveciT,
amiT faqtiurad implicituri mexsierebis sakvlevi eqsperimenti (II seria)
davabinZureT eqsplicituri mexsierebis zegavleniT, ramac ganapiroba
cdis Sedegis Secvla da masalis aRdgena ganxorcielda cdispirebis
mier eqsplicituri gziT.
seriebis Sedegebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad mniSvnelovani
aRmoCnda yvela SemTxvevaSi msgavsad I eqsperimentisa, rac kidev erTxel
amtkicebs mexsierebis sxvadasxva formis gansxvavebulad moqmedebis
SesaZleblobas saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze (ix. cxrili 12).
enebis Sedareba
rogorc Cvens mier Catarebuli eqsperimentidan aRmoCnda, infor-
macias, romelsac qarTul enaze molaparake cdispirebi iReben ucnobi
enis sityvebis bgeriTi mxaridan erTgvari interindividualuri
konstantobiT xasiaTdeba. cdispirTa monacemebs Soris damTxvevis aseTi
maRali xarisxi orive enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi miuTiTebs imaze, rom
maTi arCevani emyareba raRac iseTs, romelic cdispirebisaTvis
SemTxvevaTa did umravlesobaSi erTnairad misawvdomia. igi ar aris
ganpirobebuli am bgeraTa kompleqsiT gamowveuli asociaciebiT da
saerTod enis Sualobis SedegiT. savaraudod, es aris yvela enaSi
impliciturad Cadebuli fenomeni romelic vlindeba, rogorc
,,koleqtiuri gamocdilebis’’ amsaxveli monacemi.
saxelisa da mniSvnelobis Sesatyvisoba, ris safuZvelzec cdispirebi
axerxeben ucnobi enis sityvaTa amocnobas, aseve specifikuri aRmoCnda am
sityvebis saxeldebis procesisaTvis garkveuli periodis gasvlis Semdeg.
a. bainduraSvili mraval sxvadasxva erovnebis (monolingvist)
cdispirebTan Catarebuli eqsperimentis Sedegad mivida daskvnemde, rom
enebs Soris gansxvaveba Cveni sakvlevi hipoTezis mixedviT ar arsebobs,
da rom Sesatyvisobis gavlena yvela cdispirisaTvis met-naklebad
99
erTnairad vlindeba. zemoTnaTqvamidan gamomdinare Cndeba kidev erTi
kiTxva, Tu ratom xdeba xolme, rom sxvadasxva enis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi vRebulobT gansxvavebul Sedegebs sworad amocnobil
sityvaTa raodenobis mixedviT miuxedavad imisa, rom cdebSi gamoyenebuli
yvela ucxo enis SemTxvevaSi sworad amocnobili da daxsomebuli ucxo
enis sityvebi, SemTxveviTobiT mosalodneli odenobis farglebs
scildeba.
qarTuli da iaponuri enis msgavseba savsebiT gamoricxulia. Cveni
cdispirebisTvis ucnobi iyo Sveduri enac. Sveduri sityvebis
moswavleTaTvis nacnob inglisur da germanul enebTan msgavsebis
gamoricxvis Semdeg SeirCa I eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli iaponuris
ekvivalenturi mxolod 18 Sveduri sityva.
imis gamo, rom I eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli iyo 20 iaponuri sityva,
xolo II eqsperimentSi 18 Sveduri sityva, maTi aRdgenis saSualo
raodenobis erTmaneTTan Sedarebis mizniT, saWiro gaxda am monacemebis
standartizacia, ris Semdegac movaxdineT Sedarebebi.
rogorc # 5 diagramidan Cans, cdis samive seriaSi, romelic orive
enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi identurad tardeboda, igive tendenciebi
gamoikveTa: yvela seriaSi sworad aRdgenili sityvawyvilebi ufro didi
raodenobiT miviReT Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT, xolo enebis Sedarebisas
aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT, orive komponentis
gaTvaliswinebiT, iaponuri enis sityvebi ufro meti aRmoCnda.
amrigad,enaTa Sedarebis Sedegad, varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom sityvis
bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba warmoadgens
adamianis individualur-fsiqologiur maxasiaTebels dadasturda.
sxvadasxva enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi erTidaigive cdispirebi iCenen
erTsa da imave unarebs. ,,saxelis funqciis matareblad gancda ar unda
iyos asociaciebiT da enis SualobiT ganpirobebuli, amaze miuTiTebs
sxvadasxva enebze molaparake da sxvadasxva kulturis donis mqone
cdispirTa mier warmoebuli saxeldebis cdebis Sedegebis damTxvevis
maRali xarisxi~ (a.bainduraSvili. 1971w).
iaponuri enis sityvebis raodenobrivad aRdgenis upiratesoba
SvedurTan SedarebiT SeiZleba aixsnas mexsierebis TaviseburebebiT,
100
romelic garkveul zemoqmedebas axdens saxeldebis procesis
mimdinareobaze.SesaZlo asociaciebi nacnob enasTan amcirebs
sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis mnemur efeqts, magram ver cvlis saxeldebis
cdebis ZiriTad tendenciebs. Cveni eqsperimenti swored saxeldebis
cdebSi mexsierebis monawileobis garkvevas gulisxmobs.
diagrama #5.iaponuri da Sveduri enebis Sedareba
3,1
2,7
1,2
0,6
4,3
4,0
4,8
4,1
2,6
1,7
5,7
5,3
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
III ser
ia
II s
eria
I ser
ia
iaponuri ena
gansxvaveba enebs Soris seriebis mixedviT miviReT I da III seriis
cdebSi. yvelgan erTnairi sig=0.000 p<0,05. xolo cdis II seriaSi es
gansxvaveba araSesatyvisi mowodebiT tolia sig=0.021 p<0,05, Sesatyvisi
mowodebisas sig=0.015 p<0,05. e.i. cdis samive seriaSi gansxvaveba rogorc
Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul
sityvebs Soris, orive enis Sedarebisas statistikurad sandoa.
(ix.cxrili 13).
101
cxrili #13.Sveduri da iaponuri enis Sedareba seriebis mixedviT
Sveduri da iaponuri enis Sedareba T sig.
I seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 5,998 ,000
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 6,139 ,000
II seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 2,808 ,021
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 2,989 ,015
III seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 6,919 ,000
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 6,987 ,000
3.3. III eqsperimenti-sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris
urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris
kvleva Sveduri enis sityvebze-bavSvTa saxlebSi
mocemul etapze ganxorcielebuli eqsperimentis mizans msgavsad wina
eqsperimentebisa, warmoadgenda, gvekvlia sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da
mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis wvdomis unari, rogorc
mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtori imave meTodiT, imave asakobrivi
jgufis cdispirebze arasocializirebuli garemodan, bavSvTa saxlebSi.
Cven SevecadeT gagverkvia axdenda Tu ara gavlenas sityvawyvilebis
urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis da aRdgenis unarze socialuri faqtori,
ra mniSvnelobas iZenda kognituri gamocdileba sxvadasxva asakobrivi
jgufis cdispirebisaTvis bavSvTa saxlebSi Cveulebriv skolebTan
SedarebiT.
naTqvamidan gamomdinare mizanSewonilad migvaCnia kvlevis
gagrZeleba imave meTodiT, romelime ucxo enaze (Cvens SemTxvevaSi
Svedur enaze), imave asakobrivi jgufis moswavleebTan (9 - 12 wlis da 13
- 16 wlis), dabali da saSualo socialuri fenidan.
102
kvlevebi Catarda q. Tbilisis ramodenime bavSvTa saxlSi da
Sesabamisad eqsperimentis amocanebi iyo:
1. TiToeuli seriisaTvis zemoT aRniSnul or cvlads Soris
(sityvawyvilebi Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT) arsebuli
damokidebulebebis dadgena;
2. seriebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena;
3. mexsierebis sxvadasxva formis muSaobis specifikis gamovlena
saxeldebis cdebSi, socialuri faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
4. asakobriv jgufebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena da maTi SedarebiTi
analizi;
5. skolebis Sedareba Sveduri enis gamoyenebiT (Cveulebrivi skola
da bavSvTa saxlebi).
kvlevis meTodis daxasiaTeba
kvlevis winaSe dasmuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad analogiurad wina
eqsperimentisa SevarCieT S. tsurusa da h. frisis eqsperimentebSi gamoye-
nebuli iaponuri sityvebis ekvivalenti - Sveduri enis sityvebi, romle-
bic SeirCa garkveuli proceduris dacviT da isini dawvrilebiT aris
warmodgenili II eqsperimentSi.
cdis aRwera:
cdebi Sedgeboda sami seriisagan. TiToeuli seria tardeboda
cdispirTa erTsa da imave jgufze or variantad (I da II varianti).
TiToeul variantSi dakavebuli iyvnen sxvadasxva cdispirebi. cdispirTa
am or jgufs Soris Svedur - qarTuli sityvawyvilebi sxvadasxvanairad
nawildeboda. is Sveduri sityvebi, romlebic I variantis cdispirTa
jgufebs eZleodaT ekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT, II variantis cdispirTa
jgufebs - araekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT miewodebodaT da piriqiT.
I variantisTvis SerCeuli iyo 18 sityva, sadac 9 Svedur sityvas 9
Sesatyvisi qarTuli, xolo danarCen 9 Svedur sityvas 9 araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobis mqone qarTuli sityva hqonda miwerili.
II variantSi cdispirebs eZleodaT analogiurad mxolod 18 sityva,
sadac 9 Svedur sityvas 9 Sesatyvisi qarTuli sityva, xolo danarCen 9
Svedur sityvas 9 araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis qarTuli sityva
Seesabameboda.
103
orive variantSi Svedur - qarTuli sityvawyvilebis SerCeva xdeboda
analogiurad.
monawileebi:
radgan cdispirebi sakmaod didi raodenobiT iyo saWiro, amitom Cven
davukavSirdiT ramodenime bavSvTa saxls, romelTa muSaobis reJimi da
pirobebi iyo gansxvavebuli, xolo CvenTvis saWiro kvlevis kontigenti
SedarebiT erTgvarovani.
kvlevaSi monawileobas iRebdnen `momavlis skolis~, `beRurebis~,
`diRmis bavSvTa saxlis~, `bavSvTa socialuri adaptaciis centris~ da
`karitasis~ bavSvTa saxlebis aRsazrdelebi, sul 168 cdispiri.
I seriaSi monawileobda 168 cdispiri.
aqedan I asakobriv jgufSi (9 - 12 wl) monawileobda 87 cdispiri
II asakobriv jgufSi (13 - 16 wl) - 81 cdispiri.
II - III seriebi tardeboda cdispirTa erTsa da imave raodenobaze.
sul 167 cdispiri. aqedan I asakobriv jgufSi - 86 cdispiri, xolo II
asakobriv jgufSi - 81 cdispiri.
cdis masala da instruqciebi cdispirebs eZleodaT analogiurad,
rogorc es iyo aRwerili II eqsperimentSi.
eqsperimentis Sedegebis ganxilva
miRebuli monacemebi damuSavda statistikuri programis SPSS - is
saSualebiT, monacemTa damuSavebisas gamoyenebuli iqna saSualoTa
Sedarebis meTodi damoukidebeli jgufebisaTvis ( Indipendent Sample T test)
da Sewyvilebuli jgufebisaTvis (Paired Sample T test).
ganvixiloT cdis samive seriis Sedegebi calk - calke.
Iseria.
cdis I seriaSi Cvens mier miwodebuli Svedur - qarTuli 18 sityva-
wyvilidan 10 - wuTiani daswavlis Semdeg, Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT
aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba iyo M = 10.5, araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebisTvis ki M = 9.5. (ix. diagrama
#6).
104
diagrama #6 Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas swored
aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT (Sveduri ena, bavSvTa skola)
10,1
9,8
3,2
1,8
10,5
9,5
Sesatyvisi
miwodeba
araSesatyvisi
miwodeba
Sesatyvisi
miwodeba
araSesatyvisi
miwodeba
Sesatyvisi
miwodeba
araSesatyvisi
miwodebaIII ser
iaII s
eria
I ser
ia
rogorc vxedavT I seriaSi Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis
miwodebisas sworad aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba mcirediT aRemateba
araSesatyvisad miwodebuli sityvawyvilebis raodenobas, es gansxvaveba
statistikurad mniSvnelovani ar aris. sig = 0,98 p<0,05 (ix cxrili #14)
cxrili #14
Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
miwodebisas swori aRdgenebis Sedareba seriebis mixedviTt
Sig. (2-
tailed)
I
seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 0,614 0,38
II
seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 3,021 0.002
III
seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 0,096 0,46
Tu TiToeul asakobriv jgufSi SevadarebT Sesatyvisad da
araSesatyvisad miwodebisas erTi da igive sityvebis aRdgenis saSualo
mniSvnelobas, vnaxavT rom igive tendencia gvaqvs, rac miviReT mTel
105
jgufSi. pirvel seriaSi Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobas
Soris sxvaoba ar iyo statistikurad mniSvnelovani, anu daaxloebiT
erTnairad aRadgendnen I asakobriv jgufSi sig = 0,087 p<0,05 da II
asakobriv jgufSi sig = 0,062 p<0,05 (ix. cxrili #15)
cxrili #15
Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad miwodebisas aRdgenebis Sedareba
TiToeul asakobriv jgufSi, seriebis mixedviTt Sig. (2-tailed)
I seria9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,866 0,087
13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,904 0,062
II seria
9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 3,236 0.002
13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 5,236 0.000
III seria
9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,153 0,252
13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,134 0,26
axdens Tu ara gavlenas asaki sworad aRdgenis raodenobaze, anu
SegviZlia Tu ara vTqvaT, rom 9 - 12 wlis da 13 - 16 wlis bavSvTa saxlis
moswavleebi erTnairad aRadgenen sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs. diagramidan
#7
106
diagrama #7 - Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas swored
aRdgenebis saSualo Sedareba asakis mixedviT TiToeul seriaSi (Sveduri ena, bavSvTa saxli)
9,9
9,4
2,4
0,8
8,8
7,5
10,2
9,9
3,9
2,9
12,0
11,4
Sesatyvisi
miwodeba
araSesatyvisi
miwodeba
Sesatyvisi
miwodeba
araSesatyvisi
miwodeba
Sesatyvisi
miwodeba
araSesatyvisi
miwodeba
III ser
ia
II ser
ia
I ser
ia
sworad aRdgenili sityvebis
saSualo raodenoba
9-12 weli 13-16 weli
Cans is gansxvaveba, riTac ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis monacemebi
aRemateba rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
miwodebisas swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobis mixedviT, umcrosi
asakobrivi jgufis moswavleebs. MM uf = 11,4 , M umc = 7,5 araSesatyvisi
miwodebisas, xolo M uf = 12,0 da M umc = 8,8 Sesatyvisi miwodebis
SemTxvevaSi. es monacemebi gansxvavdeba Cveulebrivi skolis moswavleTa
maCveneblebisagan igive saSualo mniSvnelobebiT, sadac asakobriv
jgufebs Soris Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas, swored aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris
107
gansxvaveba iyo umniSvnelo, xolo Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
miwodebisas ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis monacemebi mcirediT
Camouvardeboda umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis monacemebs.
statistikurad sando gansxvaveba miviReT asakobrivi jgufebis
Sedarebisas swori aRdgenebis mixedviT, rogorc Sesatyvis ise
araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze. (ix. cxrili #16)
cxrili#16
II seria
cdis II seriaSi Svedur - qarTuli sityvawyvilebis reproduqcia
moxda zustad 1 Tvis Semdeg ganmeorebis gareSe. aRdgenili
sityvawyvilebis raodenoba gacilebiT naklebi iyo, vidre cdis I seriaSi.
Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvebis aRdgenis saSualo raodenoba M Ses =
3,2 , xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvebis raodenoba M
araSes = 1,8. (ix. diagrama #6) gansxvaveba cdis II seriaSi Sesatyvisad da
araSesatyvisad aRdgenili sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad
mniSvnelovania. sig = 0,002 p<0,05 . es monacemebi gamoTvlilia bavSvTa
saxlebis yvela aRsazrdelis raodenobis mixedviT. (ix. cxrili #14).
asakobrivi jgufebis Sedareba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvneloboT, swori aRdgenebis raodenobis mixedviT t
Sig. (2-tailed)
I seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba
3,564 0,001araSesatyvisi miwodeba
4,485 0.000II seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba
3,903 0.000araSesatyvisi miwodeba
3,914 0.000III seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba
1,24 0,217araSesatyvisi miwodeba
1,863 0,065
108
gansxvaveba asakobriv jgufebSi Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad
aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad mniSvnelovania. I
asakobriv jgufSi es gansxvaveba tolia sig = 0,002 p<0,05, II asakobriv
jgufSi sig = 0,000 p<0,05 .
sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT am seriebSi igive viTareba
gvaqvs, rac I seriaSi gvqonda. rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba ufro metia II
asakobriv jgufSi, vidre I asakobriv jgufSi. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
aRdgenisas I asakobriv jgufSi Mean =2,4 , xolo araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT Mean = 0,8. II asakobriv jgufSi Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
aRdgenis saSualo mniSvneloba Mean = 3,9 , xolo araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT Mean = 2,9. (ix. diagrama #7).
statistikurad sando gansxvaveba miviReT jgufebs Soris, rogorc
Sesatyvisad aseve araSesatyvisad aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi, rac mas
ganasxvavebs Cveulebrivi skolis moswavleTa igive maCveneblisagan. (ix.
cxrili 16)
III seria
cdis III seriaSi, rogorc avRniSneT cdispirebs masalis mxolod
erTxel xelaxali gadakiTxvis ufleba hqondaT. III seria tardeboda II
seriis dasrulebisTanave (cdispirebi Svedur sityvebs aRadgendnen
mesamejer).
mesame seriaSi cdispirTa mTel raodenobasTan Catarebuli
eqsperimentidan irkveva, rom Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas
aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis saSualo mniSvneloba ufro
metia, M =10,1 vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi M
= 9,8. (ix. diagrama #6).
maT Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ar aris sig = 0,46 p<0,05
(ix. cxrili #14). gansxvaveba asakobrivi jgufebis SigniT Sesatyvisad da
araSesatyvisad aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad sandoa.
ufros asakobriv jgufebSi sig = 0,000 p<0,05 , xolo umcros asakobriv
jgufSi statistikurad sando ar aris sig = 0,252 p< 0,05. (ix. cxrili # 15)
109
ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi ufro meti raodenobiT
sityvebs aRadgenen, vidre umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi,rogorc
Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT. am mxriv igive viTarebaa,
rasac adgili hqonda Cveulebrivi skolis moswavleebis SemTxvevaSi da am
eqsperimentis sxva seriebSi.
I asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebTan araSesatyvisi sityvawyvilebis
aRdgenis saSualo raodenoba M = 9,4. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba M = 9,9. II asakobrivi jgufis
Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis saSualo
mniSvneloba M = 10,2 , xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT M = 9,9. (ix.
diagrama #7).
statistikurad sando gansxvaveba III seriaSi jgufebs Soris, rogorc
Sesatyvisad, aseve araSesatyvisad aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi ver miviReT. (ix.
cxrili 16). Sesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi sig = 0,217 p<0,05;
araSesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi sig = 0,065 p<0,05.
da bolos seriebis Sedegebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad
mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda pirvelsa da meore serias Soris sig = 0,000 p<0,05;
aseve meoresa da mesame seriis Sedegebs Soris sig = 0,00 p<0,05 , xolo
pirvelsa da mesame seriis Sedegebs Soris statistikurad sando
gansxvaveba ver miviReT sig = 0,488 p<0,05. (ix. cxrili #17)
cxrili #17 seriebis Sedareba
T sig.
pirveli da meore seria
19,78
0
,000
meore da mesame seria
18,19
9
,000
pirveli da mesame seria 0,695 ,488
110
EEEEEeqsperimentis Sedegebis analizi
cdis I seriis Sedegebis analizisas aRmoCnda, rom Cveni cdispirebi
bavSvTa saxlebidan erTnairi warmatebiT imaxsovrebdnen, rogorc
Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebs.
amrigad, rodesac I seriaSi instruqcia cdispirebisagan moiTxovda
masalas aRdgenas mokle vadaSi, savaraudod instruqciis Sesrulebis
procesSi CarTuli iyo xanmokle mexsierebis strategia da ara
Sesatyvisoba- araSesatyvisobis principi. amitom Cveni winaswari hipoTeza
iseve rogorc wina eqsperimentebSi, rom sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da
mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens
nebismier procesze. ar vrceldeba moklevadiani reproduqciis dros
bavSvTa saxlebSi aRzrdil cdispirebzec.
Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze, anu sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da
mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze asakobrivi faqtori
ar axdens gavlenas, gansxvaveba TiToeuli asakobrivi jgufis SigniT,
Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenil sityvawyvilebze
umniSvneloa. (ix. cxrili #15).
rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebuli
sityvebis aRdgenas saSualo raodenoba ufros asakobriv jgufSi ufro
metia, vidre umcros asakobriv jgufSi.
III eqsperimentSi asakobriv jgufebs Soris vlindeba statistikurad
sando gansxvaveba swored aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis
mixedviT, rogorc Sesatyvis aseve araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze. (ix.
cxrili #16).
amrigad bavSvTa saxlebSi, asakobrivi faqtoris roli daswavlis
procesSi ufro mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda, vidre Cveulebriv skolebSi da
es Sedegi gvafiqrebinebs, rom am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba vilaparakoT
mxolod mexsierebis marTvis procesze swavlebis dros da im upira-
tesobaze, romelic aqvs ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebs
umcrosebTan SedarebiT kognituri gamocdilebis mixedviT bavSvTa
saxlebSi.
111
socialuri faqtori, Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze ar axdens
gavlenas, magram mis fonze ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba kognituri
gamocdileba bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebisaTvis, rac ufrosi asakobrivi
jgufis upiratesobaSi vlindeba.
II seriis Sedegebi
cdis II seriaSi erTTviani intervalis Semdeg Sesatyvisi
mniSvnelobis mqone Sveduri sityvebis aRdgena ufro didi raodenobiT
xdeba, vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT rac statistikurad sandoa.
sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis
SemTxvevaSi vlindeba mnemeri efeqti.
cdis es Sedegebi cdispirebisTvis bavSvTa saxlidan sruliad
identuria. I da II eqsperimentis II seriis cdis Sedegebisa. am SemTxve-
vaSic Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom saxeldeba ar aris SemTxveviTi
procesi da masSi monawileobs pirveladi ganwyoba, romelic sxva
enobrivi kulturis wevrebisTvisac msgavsia dasturdeba. (ix. cxrili 14).
TiToeuli asakobrivi jgufis SigniT, iseve rogorc cdispirTa mTel
raodenobasTan Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul
sityvawyvilebze gansxvaveba statistikurad sandoa, rac savaraudod
saxeldebis procesis dasrulebaze metyvelebs.
Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom Sesatyvisoba aris stimuli, romelsac
SeiZleba gavlena hqondes mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da
warmoadgens mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors dadasturda.
amrigad, cdis II seria implicituri mexsierebis muSaobis process
warmoadgens, romelic bavSvTa saxlebSi aRzrdil cdispirebisTvisac
identurad mimdinareobs.
rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebuli
sityvebis aRdgenis procentuli raodenoba ufros asakobriv jgufSi
ufro metia, vidre umcros asakobriv jgufSi. gansxvavebiT Cveulebrivi
skolebis cdispirTa monacemebisgan es sxvaoba statistikurad sandoa.
(ix. cxrili #16)
rac imeorebs III eqsperimentis I seriis Sedegs, kerZod imis Sesaxeb,
rom socialuri faqtori marTalia sakvlev hipoTezaze ver axdens
112
gavlenas, magram mis fonze ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba kognituri
gamocdileba bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebisTvis, rac ufrosi asakobrivi
jgufisaTvis kognituri gamocdilebis upiratesobaSi vlindeba.
III seriis Sedegebi
cdis III seriaSi, roca masalis reproduqcia moxda mesamed, erTi
Tvis Semdeg, erTi gameorebis uflebiT, cdispirebi Svedur - qarTuli
sityvawyvilebis daswavlas axdendnen ufro didi raodenobiT II
seriasTan SedarebiT da mciredi sxvaobiT I seriasTan SedarebiT.
gansxvaveba Svedur - qarTul sityvawyvilebs Soris Sesatyvisi da
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas, statistikurad sando ar
aRmoCnda, rac analogiuri Sedegia I da II eqsperimentis III seriisa.
asakobriv jgufebSi gansxvaveba Sesatyvis da araSesatyvis
mniSvnelobebs Soris statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda arc erT
asakobriv jgufSi. (ix. cxrili # 15).
seriebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad mniSvnelovania pirveli da
meore seriebis da meore da mesame seriebis Sedarebisas. xolo pirveli
da mesame seriis Sedegebs Soris gansxvaveba ar aris sando. es Sedegi mas
ganasxvavebs orive wina eqsperimentisgan, sadac gansxvaveba seriebs Soris
yvela SemTxvevaSi statistikurad mniSvnelovania.
3.4. Cveulebrivi skolebis da bavSvTa saxlebis cdispirTa
monacemebis Sedareba
sakvlevi hipoTezis Sesamowmeblad, anu imis gasarkvevad axdens Tu
ara Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze, sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da misi
mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad miRwevis unarze gavlenas socialuri
garemo, Sedarebuli iqna Cveulebrivi skolis moswavleebisa da bavSvTa
saxlebis aRsazrdelebis monacemebi, sadac eqsperimentis mimdinareoba da
sakvlevi ena iyo erTi da igive.
aRniSnuli kriteriumebis mixedviT aRmoCnda, rom cdispirTa mTel
raodenobasTan cdis samive seriaSi, bavSvTa saxlebSi miRebuli
monacemebi ufro metia vidre Ceulebriv skolebSi (ix. diagrama #8).
113
diagrama #8- skolebis Sedareba
5,6
4,9
2,1
1,1
7,7
7,2
10,1
9,8
3,2
1,8
10,5
9,5
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
III ser
iaII s
eria
I ser
ia
Sveduri ena (bavSvTa skola) Sveduri ena (Cveulebrivi skola)
xolo statistikurad sando gansxvaveba maT Soris miviReT mxolod I
da III seriebSi. I seriaSi gansxvaveba araSesatyvisad da Sesatyvisad
miwodebul sityvawyvilebze Cveulebriv da bavSvTa saxlis moswavleebis
Sedegebs Soris tolia sig = 0,000 p<0,05 , III seriaSi - sig = 0,000 p<0,05 ,
xolo meore seriaSi rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebze gansxvaveba skolebs Soris
sando ar aris. sig Ses = 0,126 p<0,05 , sig araSes = 0,214 p<0,05
114
cxrili 18 orive skolis Sedareba rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT.
T sig.
I seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 9,730 ,000
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 8,851 ,000
II seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 0,199 ,126
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 0,267 ,214
III seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 7,691 ,000
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 6,321 ,000
Cveulebrivi da bavSvTa saxlebis moswavleebis mier swored
aRdgenili sityvebis saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT asakobriv
jgufebSi aseve gansxvavebulia. orive asakobriv jgufSi, bavSvTa
saxlebSi moswavleebis mier swored aRdgenil sityvaTa saSualo
raodenoba ufro metia, vidre Cveulebriv skolebSi. (ix. diagrama #9,
#10).
diagrama #9 –Cveulebrivi da bavSTa saxlebis moswavleebis mier swored
aRdgenili sityvebis saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT (Sveduri ena, 9-12 wlamde
asakobrivi jgufi)
5,3
4,1
1,9
1,0
7,8
7,0
9,9
9,4
2,4
0,8
8,8
7,5
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
III ser
iaII s
eria
I ser
ia
9-12 wlamde asakobrivi jgufi
bavSvTa saxli Cveulebrivi skola
115
diagrama #10–Cveulebrivi da bavSTa saxlebis moswavleebis mier swored aRdgenili sityvebis
saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT (Sveduri ena, 13-16 wlamde asakobrivi jgufi)
6,0
5,6
2,2
1,2
7,7
7,3
10,2
9,9
3,9
2,9
12
11,4
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
Sesatyvisi miwodeba
araSesatyvisi miwodeba
III ser
ia
II ser
ia
I ser
ia
13-16 wlamde asakobrivi jgufi
bavSvTa skola Cveulebrivi saxli
umcros asakobriv jgufSi gansxvaveba Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad
miwodebul sityvawyvilebze calk - calke Cveulebriv da bavSvTa saxlis
moswavleebis Sedegebs Soris cdis I da II seriaSi statistikurad sando
ar aRmoCnda. I seriaSi sig araSes = 0,256 p<0,05 ; sig Ses = 0,123 p<0,05.
cdis II seriaSi sig araSes = 0,526 p<0,05 ; sig Ses = 0,311 p<0,05.
cdis III seriaSi gansxvavebiT wina seriebisagan, gansxvaveba skolebs
Soris statistikurad sandoa. sig araSes = 0,000 p<0,05 ; sig Ses = 0,000
p<0,05
116
cxrili#19
Sveduri ena, 9-12 wlamde asakobrivi jgufi,
Cveulebrivi da bavSTa saxlebis Sedareba T sig.
I seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 0,580 ,256
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 1,851 ,123
II seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 0,127 ,526
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 0,233 ,311
III seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 10,621 ,000
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 11,112 ,000
ufros asakobriv jgufSi, Cveulebriv da bavSvTa saxlebis
moswavleebis mier, swored aRdgenili sityvebis saSualo raodenobas
Soris sxvaoba, rogorc Sesatyvis aseve araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze
warmodgenilia #20 cxrilSi. sadac samive seriaSi gansxvaveba
araSesatyvisad da Sesatyvisad miwodebul sityvawyvilebze calk - calke
skolebs Soris statistikurad sandoa. cdis I seriaSi - sig araSes = 0,000
p<0,05 ; sig Ses = 0,028 p<0,05 ; cdis II seriaSi - sig araSes = 0,028 p<0,05 ;
sig Ses = 0,024 p<0,05. cdis III seriaSi ki analogiurad iseve rogorc wina
seriebSi gansxvaveba skolebs Soris statistikurad sandoa sig araSes =
0,000 p<0,05 ; sig Ses = 0,000 p<0,005.
cxrili #20
Sveduri ena, 13-16 wlamde asakobrivi jgufi,
Cveulebrivi da bavSTa saxlebis Sedareba T sig.
I seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 7,790 ,000
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 6,255 ,000
II seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 3,192 ,023
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 3,167 ,024
III seria
araSesatyvisi miwodeba 6,655 ,000
Sesatyvisi miwodeba 6,323 ,000
117
eqsperimentis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom:
Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze, socialuri faqtori ar axdens
gavlenas, cdis samive seriaSi romelic masalis aRdgenis sxvadasxva
pirobebSi ayenebda cdispirebs, orive skolis moswavleTa SedegebSi erTi
da igive tendenciebi gamovlinda, kerZod:
1. cdis I seriaSi Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom sityvis bgeriT
mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba gavlenas axdens
mnemur procesebze ar dadasturda. arc Cveulebrivi skolis da arc
bavSvTa saxlebSi aRzrdil cdispirebze.
2. cdis II seriaSi, Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom saxeldeba ar aris
SemTxveviTi procesi da mas kanonzomieri xasiaTi aqvs dadasturda. orive
skolis monacemebiT gansxvaveba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebze statistikurad mniSvnelovania.
cdis es seria gansxvavebiT cdis I da III seriebisagan implicituri
mexsierebis muSaobis Sedegs warmoadgens da mexsierebis aracnobier
formebTan aris dakavSirebuli. saxeldebis procesis dasrulebisaTvis
mexsierebis am formas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba. II seriis cdebSi
skolebis Sedarebisas, moswavleTa mTel erTobliobasTan gansxvaveba ar
gvaqvs, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom cnobierebis monawileobis gareSe
mimdinare procesebi absoluturad identuria. cdis am Sedegebs
ganamtkicebs agreTve mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom implicituri
mexsierebis testebisaTvis yuradRebis ganawilebas mniSvneloba ar aqvs.
rac bavSvTa saxlis monacemebs maqsimalurad aaxlovebs Cveulebrivi
skolis cdispirTa monacemebTan.
3. cdis III seriaSi iseve, rogorc cdis I seriaSi Cveni winaswari
hipoTeza ar dadasturda. gameorebaTa simciris gamo, rogorc Cans
cdispirebi axdenen mxolod axlaxans aRqmulis reproduqcias da am
mokle drois ganmavlobaSi bgeraTa kompleqsis saxeldebi Sinaarsis
funqciis matareblad gancdis ganwyoba maT ar eqmnebaT.
4. I da III seriis cdebSi gansxvaveba sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis
procesSi Cveulebrivi da bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebs Soris dadasturda.
es Sedegi xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis gansxvavebulad moqmedebis
118
SesaZleblobas adasturebs. Cveulebrivi skolisa da bavSvTa saxlis
moswavleebze.
5. bavSvTa saxlebSi cdispirTa ukeTesi Sedegebi (aRdgenili
sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT), cdis samive seriaSi SeiZleba
aixsnas warmatebis miRwevis motiviT, rac gansakuTrebiT kargad
gamoixata bavSvTa saxlebis aRsazrdelebis gamonaTqvamebSi da
saqcielSi.
6. Cveulebrivi da bavSvTa saxlebis moswavleebis mier swored
aRdgenili sityvebis saSualo raodenoba yvela seriis mixedviT ufros
asakobriv jgufSi ufro maRalia, rac savaraudod gvafiqrebinebs, rom
ufros asakobriv jgufis moswavleebs, asakobrivi kognituri
gamocdileba saSualebas aZlevs ufro efeqturad warmarTon daxsomebis
procesi.
7. rogorc avRniSneT, socialuri faqtori Cvens mier sakvlev
hipoTezaze ar axdens gavlenas, magram mis fonze ufro mniSvnelovani
xdeba kognituri gamocdileba bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebisaTvis, rac
ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis upiratesobaSi vlindeba. 13 - 16 wlamde
asakobriv jgufSi, skolebs Soris sxvaoba samive seriaSi mniSvnelovania
bavSvTa saxlebis upiratesobiT. (ix. cxrili 20).
119
Tavi IV Sedegebis mimoxilva
4.1. mexsierebis klasifikacia aRdgenis maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
tulvingis mexsierebis irarqiuli modelis mixedviT.
rogorc aRvniSneT, Cveni eqsperimentis mizans warmoadgenda sityvis
bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc
mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris kvleva. Cven SevecadeT gagverkvia
mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiis gavlena saxeldebis procesis
mimdinareobaze. gamovTqviT varaudebi, romlebic mexsierebis specifiur,
gansakuTrebul rols warmoaCenda saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze.
rogorc aRmoCnda, sityvawyvilebis daxsomebisa da aRdgenis
procesSi xanmokle da xangrZlivi mexsierebis strategiiT aRqmuli
sityvawyvilebis daxsomebis xarisxi da Cvens cdebSi gamovlenili
saxeldebis efeqti iyo gansxvavebuli. erT SemTxvevaSi saxeldebis
procesi dasrulda (xangrZlivi mexsierebis strategia) xolo sxva
SemTxvevaSi (xanmokle mexsierebis strategia) bgeriTi mxaris saxelsadeb
SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis ganwyobis SemuSaveba ar moxerxda. gansxvaveba
xanmokle da xangrZliv mexsierebas Soris droiTi da sivrciTi
maxasiaTeblebiT xdeboda. Tu xanmokle mexsierebis aucilebeli pirobaa
aRqmuli informaciis dauyonebliv aRdgena, xangrZlivi mexsierebisaTvis
arsebiTia masalis aRqmasa da aRdgenas Soris faruli periodis
arseboba. Cvens eqsperimentebSi gamovlenili Sedegebis asaxsnelad
mexsierebis orive formas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. cdis
pirvel seriaSi cdispirebi miwodebuli masalis SeCerebas da Senaxvas
gameorebis saSualebiT (uSualo mexsiereba) axdendnen, xolo masalis
Semdgomi gadamuSavebis procesSi CarTul iyo muSa mexsiereba
(`centraluri aRmasruleblis~ saSualebiT) romelic gansazRvravda
qcevis momdevno nabijs, ra efeqtiT unda aReqvaT cdispirebs
daxsomebuli informacia. amocanis gadasawyvetad arCeuli strategia, rom
masala iyos daxsomebuli da aRdgenili, 10 wuTis Semdeg ganxorcielda,
magram imis gamo, rom muSa mexsierebas simultanurad miwodebuli
amocanebis gadawyvetis unari (aRadginos sityvawyvilebi da aRadginos
sityvawyvilebi Sesatyvisobi efeqtiT) SezRuduli aqvs, is ver axerxebs
120
erTdroulad ramodenime gadawyvetilebis gamotanas da am ori
davalebidan ganaxorcielebs pirvels, aRadgens sityvawyvilebs
Sesatyvisobis efeqtiT.
Cveni eqsperimentis cdis II seriaSi sityvawyvilebis aRdgena, swored
droiTi intervalis Semdeg (1 Tvis Semdeg) ganxorcielda. aRmoCnda, rom
faruli periodis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi cdispirebi sityvawyvilebs
aRadgendnen saxeldebis efeqtiT.
savaraudod, cdis es Sedegi davukavSireT mexsierebis aracnobier
formebs, romelic mexsierebis Tanamedrove klasifikaciis sqemiT
miCneulia, rogorc implicituri mexsireba, Sesatyvisobis efeqti ki
rogorc praimingis efeqti.
mexsierebis formebis klasifikaciis axali varianti SemogvTavaza
tulvingma 1985 wels. (Tulving 1985, 1986, 1987 & Schachter 1990) man
xangrZlivi mexsierebis ori forma gamoyo _ sementikuri mexsiereba da
epizoduri mexsiereba, xolo 1990 wels kidev erTi forma _
proceduruli mexsiereba gamoiyo. kohenma da skvaierma (Scuire al.., 1990)
epizoduri da sementikuri mexsiereba deklaraciuli mexsierebis cnebis
qveS gaaerTianes, xolo procedurul mexsierebas ki mexsierebis yvela
aracnobieri forma miakuTvnes, maT Soris klasikuri, operantul-
ganpirobebuleba da implicituri mexsierebac. (praimingi) mexsierebis
formebis dawvrilebiTi aRwera warmodgenilia d. farjanaZis wignSi
,,mexsierebis fsiqologia.’’ mexsierebis is formebi, romlebic aqtiurad
arian CarTulni Cveni cdis procesSi da Sedegebis asaxsnelad arsebiTi
mniSvneloba eniWebaT. warmodgenilia qvemoT.
121
Tanamedrove kognitur fsiqologiaSi mwvave debatebis sagania
mexsierebis klasifikaciaSi implicituri mexsierebisaTvis adgilis
miCena. situacias arTulebs is faqtic, rom mkvlevarebi bolomde ver
Tanxmdebian Tu mexsierebis romeli gamovlinebebi miakuTvnon
implicituri mexsierebis da romeli eqsplicituri mexsierebis formebs.
rogorc cnobilia mexsiereba moicavs kodirebis, Senaxvis da aRdgenis
procesebs, TiToeuls Tavisi Taviseburebebi da kanonzomierebebi
axasiaTebs.
Cveni eqsperimentis Sedegebis Semdgomi mimoxilvis mizniT, CvenTvis
saintereso iqneba gavecnoT, implicituri mexsierebis adgils mexsierebis
zogad klasifikaciaSi. eqsplicitur _ implicituri mexsierebis
disociacia informaciis gansxvavebulad aRdgenis principebs
iTvaliswinebs. aRdgena, gavrcelebuli SexedulebiT SeiZleba iyos
cnobieri, ganzraxviT marTuli da aracnobieri, avtomaturi, uneblie.
swored aRdgenis xasiaTis mixedviT xdeba mexsierebis eqsplicitur da
implicitur formebad dayofa. (ix. cxrili #21 )
122
Tu SevxedavT tulvingis mexsierebis ierarqiul models, romelSic
mexsierebis klsifikacia aris warmodgenili aRdgenis maxasiaTeblebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, naTlad davinaxavT, Tu ra igulisxmeba aRdgenis
Taviseburebebis qveS.
implicituri da eqsplicituri mexsierebebis kvlevis daswavlis
etapi msgavsia, gansxvavebulia testirebis etapze gamoyenebuli
davalebebis instruqciebi; eqsplicituri mexsierebis Sefasebisas cdis
monawileebs moeTxovebaT daswavlis etapze damaxsovrebuli (ar aqvs
mniSvneloba nebismieri Tu uneblied) masalis (aseve ara aqvs
mniSvneloba, ra modalobis masala iyo) cnobieri, ganzrax gaxseneba,
xolo implicituri mexsierebis Sefasebisas cdis monawileebi ubralod
asruleben davalebas (raime problemis gadaWra, romelic moiTxovs
winaswar daswavlili informaciis gamoyenebas) daswavlas etapze
damaxsovrebul informaciaze mimniSnebeli instruqciis gareSe.
tulvingis cxrilSi cal-calke ganxilulia mexsierebis sxvadasxva
maxasiaTeblebi. TiToeuli maTgani daxasiaTebulia ZiriTadi cnebebis
qvesistemebis da aRdgenis formis saxiT. am SemTxvevaSi cxrilSi
warmodgenil mexsierebis formebs aRdgenis niSnis mixedviT
davaxasiaTebT.
proceduruli mexsiereba safuZvlad udevs qceviTi da kognituri
Cvevebis formirebas, romelTa gamoyenebac ganzraxvis, cnobierebis
monawileobis gareSe xdeba. aRdgenis TvalsazrisiT mexsierebis es forma
implicituria, radgan individisagan ar moiTxovs problemis
gadasaWrelad warsuli gamocdilebis cnobier, ganzrax gamoyenebas.
perceptuli reprezentaciis sistema, an igive praimingi warmoadgens
perceptuli daswavlis specifikur formas, romelic vlindeba
obieqtebis, rogorc struqturuli fizikur-perceptuli mTlianobis
identifikaciaSi. cnobieri aRdgenis gareSe (Schacter 1987) erTxel aRqmuli
obieqtis identifikacia misi xelmeored aRqmis dros gaadvilebulia
swored perceptuli reprezentaciis sistemis arsebobis gamo. mexsierebis
es formac aRdgenis TvalsazrisiT implicituria.
123
semantikuri mexsiereba faqtobrivi informaciis SeZenisa da Senaxvis
SesaZleblobas iZleva; am informaciis struqturul reprezentacias
warmoadgens samyaros Sesaxeb semantikuri codna.
semantikuri mexsiereba tulvingis azriT aRdgenis TvalsazrisiT
implicituria, radgan ar moiTxovs informaciis mogonebisas misi
daswavlisa Tu SeZenis momentis gacnobierebisas.
pirveladi mexsiereba, anu xanmokle mexsiereba, igive muSa mexsiereba
aRdgenis TvalsazrisiT eqsplicituria. igi axdens garedan Semosuli
informaciis registracias da ESenaxvas aRqmidan drois mcire periodis
manZilze.
mexsierebis es forma aucileblad moiTxovs eqsplicituri
mexsierebis gamoyenebas, informaciis eqsplicitur, cnobier aRdgenas.
epizoduri mexsiereba, _ iseve rogorc muSa mexsiereba aRdgenis
TvalsazrisiT eqsplicituria. is personalur mexsierebas da
avtobiografiul mexsierebasac warmoadgens. misi mTavari maxasiaTeblebia
droSi lokalizacia da me-s indeqsi.
amrigad implicituri mexsiereba eqsplicituri mexsierebisagan
gansxvavdeba gaxsenebis, anu aRdgenis meqanizmebiT.
mexsierebis am formebis gavlena daswavlil masalis aRdgenis
meqanizmze, aisaxa Cvens eqsperimentSic gansxvavebulad seriebis mixedviT.
cdis I seriaSi, roca cdispirebisagan moiTxovdnen sityvawyvilebis
daswavlis da Semdeg masalis dauyonebliv aRdgenas ganzrax cnobieri
gaxsenebis moTxovniT, cdispirebma ganaxorcieles sityvawyvilebis
aRdgena eqsplicituri gziT. Sesabamisad, Cveni sakvlevi hipoTeza, cdis
am etapze ar ganxorcielda, radgan cdispirebisaTvis instruqciis
Sesruleba aRmoCnda gadamwyveti faqtori, rac savaraudod niSnavs imas,
rom instruqciis Sesrulebis procesSi CarTuli iyo xanmokle
mexsierebis strategia da ara Sesatyvisoba _ araSesatyvisobis principi.
cdis II seriaSi daswavlis etapze (Iseria) dasamaxsovrebel
informaciaze mimniSnebeli instruqciis gareSe (1 Tviani intervalis
Semdeg), cdispirebma sityvawyvilebis aRdgena ganaxorcieles
Sesatyvisobis efeqtiT. saxeldebis cdebisaTvis, saxeldebis efeqtiT
sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis procesSi mexsierebis am formas gadamwyveti
124
mniSvneloba eniWeba. Cveni winaswari varaudi, rom Sesatyvisoba aris
stimuli (praimi), romelsac SeiZleba gavlena hqondes mexsierebidan
masalis aRdgenaze da warmoadgens mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors
dadasturda. praimingis procesze semantikur mexsierebaSi qvemoT geqneba
saubari, romelic dagvexmareba ufro detalurad warmovidginoT misi
efeqti saxelddebis cdebSi.
cdis III seriaSi miRebuli Sedegebi mnemur aspeqtSi iZleva
mexsierebis orive formis mixedviT, rogorc xanmokle mexsierebis aseve
xangrZlivi mexsierebis TvalsazrisiT Semajamebel efeqts. cdis III
seriaSi aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba ufro metia, vidre cdis II
seriaSi. radgan cdis III seriaSi cdispirebis masalis aRdgenis erTxel
ganmeorebis saSualeba miveciT amiT Cven faqtiurad implicituri
mexsierebis sakvlevi eqsperimenti davabinZureT eqsplicituri mexsierebis
zegavleniT, ramac ganapiroba cdis Sedegis Secvla da masalis aRdgena
ganxorcielda eqsplicituri gziT. Tumca III seriis Sedegebi aRdgenis
formis mixedviT eqsplicituria, is implicituri mnemuri procesebis
Taviseburebebsac amJRavnebs.
kerZod, erTxel aRqmuli obieqtis identifikacia misi xelmeored
aRqmis dros gaadvilebulia swored perceptuli reprezentaciis
(perceptuli praimingi) sistemis arsebobis gamo, romelic aRdgenis
TvalsazrisiT implicituri da proceduruli mexsierebis Semadgeneli
nawils warmoadgens. III seriaSi aRgenili sityvawyvilebis didi
raodenoba II seriasTan SedarebiT SeiZleba avxsnaT gaadvilebuli aRqmis
SesaZleblobiT.
aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom xangrZlivi mexsierebis formebis
dayofisas zogierTi mkvlevari mag.: sqvaieri ar iziarebs tulvingis
mosazrebas semantikuri mexsierebis implicituri bunebis Sesaxeb da mas
eqsplicituri mexsierebis formad miiCnevs (squire 1987) mocemuli sakiTxi
jer kidev ganxilvis Temas warmoadgens.
Cveni eqsperimentis Sedegebi swored sqvaieris am mosazrebis
sasargeblod metyvelebs, radgan cdis III seriaSi vlindeba mexsierebis
am ori formis eqsplicituris da implicituris mixedviT Semajamebeli
efeqti. roca Cvens mier eqsplicituri zegavlena xelmeored iqna
125
gamoyenebuli misi gamovlinebis sufTa efeqtTan mainc ar gvqonda saqme,
moxda eqsplicituri da implicituri strategiebis aRreva. amrigad,
mexsierebis orive formis Sesafaseblad SesaZlebelia erTi da igive
davalebis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva instruqciebiT.
4.2. semantikuri praimingis gamovlinebis Sesaxeb saxeldebis cdebSi
implicitur mexsierebis formebis klasifikacia, aseve,
SesaZlebelia maTi Sesafasebuli davalebebis tipis mixedviT. aqedan
gamomdinare, nawilobriv, implicituri mexsierebis klasifiakaciad
SeiZleba miCneul iqnes mexsierebis mocemuli formis dayofa
perceptual, konceptualur da procedurul praimingad. (T.WinWarauli
2008)
amrigad, implicituri mexsiereba eqsplicituri mexsierebisagan
gansxvavdeba gaxsenebis, anu aRdgenis meqanizmebiT. adamianis mier
cxovrebis manZilze daswavlil informaciis gamoyeneba gaxsenebis,
ganzraxvis, drois, sivrcisa da me-s indeqsis mikuTvnebis gareSe.
SeiZleba implicituri mexsierebis gamovlinebad CaiTvalos. problemuri
situaciis maxasiaTeblebis (perceptiuli, konceptualuri Tu proce-
duruli) mixedviT ki SesaZlebelia visaubroT implicituri mexsierebis
konkretul formebze.
Cveni eqsperimentis Sedegebi, implicituri mexsierebis semantikuri
anu sxva cnebiT konceptualuri praimingis SesaZlo gamovlinebis
formaze metyvelebs.
j. totma Tavis statiaSi `mexsierebis aracnobieri formebi~
warmoadgina implicituri mexsierebis Seswavlis manZilze gamoyenebuli
yvela testi.
CvenTvis sainteresoa, konceptualuri testebi, romlebic
damokidebulia konceptualuri da ara zedapiruli maxasiaTeblis
cvlilebebze.
konceptualur testebSi mexsierebas aRdgenisas moiTxoven iseT
mimniSneblebs, rogoricaa mag.: kategoriebi, an zogad codnasTan
damakavSirebeli kiTxvebi, mimniSneblebs, romlebic mniSvnelobis
126
gaTvaliswinebas emyarebian. saxelebis kanonzomieri bunebis amsaxvel
yvela eqsperimentSi, swored cnobierebaSi mocemuli Sinaarsis
Taviseburebas iTvaliswineben, radgan cdispirTa umravlesoba mocemul
bgeraTa kompleqss Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi ganwyobiT aRiqvams.
sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra mimarTavs cdispirebs am arCevanisaken,
cnobierebis miRma rCeba. am Sedegis Sesaxeb d. uznaZe da a.
bainduraSvili Tavis cnobil SromebSi miuTiTebdnen da isini
saxeldebis safuZvels ganwyobis TeoriiT xsnidnen, magram am dinamiuri
procesis marTvis meqanizmi auxsneli rCeba. ganwyobis gavlena
sityvawyvilebis Sesatyvisobis efeqtiT aRdgenis faqtze ueWvelia, magram
cdebSi gamovlenili Sedegis anu sityvis bgeriT mxares da mniSvnelobas
Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis safuZvelis axsnisas, vfiqrobT, aseve
gasaTvaliswinebelia instruqciis xasiaTi, cdispiris ganzraxva da sityva
stimulebis monawileoba, romlebic sityvebis aRdgenis Sedegs
ganapirobeben.
Cveni eqsperimentis II seriaSi gamovlenili Sedegebis asaxsnelad
vfiqrobT sainteeso iqneba praimingis Temas SevexoT semantikur, an sxva
cnebiT konceptualur mexsierebaSi. m. aSkrafti (m.aSkrafti 1994) Tavis
wignSi yuradRebas amaxvilebs praimingze semantikur mexsierebaSi.HMHHHH
praimingi aris stimuli an stimulis nawili, romelsac SeiZleba
hqondes gavlena mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze; stimuls, romelic
ufro adre iyo miwodebuli SeiZleba gavlena hqondes Semdgom
procesebze da mas praimi ewodeba. xolo stimuls, romelic mosdevs
praimings ewodeba mizani (samizne) ramdenadac is aris praimingis
procesis aqtivaciis savaraudo mizani. amrigad praimi win uZRvis mizans,
xolo mizani praimis gavlenas ganicdis.
zogjer es gavlena Zalian advilad xorcieldeba da praimi swrafad
da advilad `aRwevs~ mizans. gadamuSavebaze am dadebiT efeqts
gamartivebas (facilitation) an xelSewyobis (benefits) uwodeben. gamartiveba
TiTqmis yovelTvis aCqarebs mexsierebidan aRdgenis reaqciis dros.
gavlena uaryofiTia, Tu praimi ar aris dakavSirebuli mizanTan da
aqedan gamomdinare mcdari an irlevanturia rodesac praimi aferxebs
127
mizanze zemoqmedebas, am negatiur gavlenas an gadamuSavebis Sekavebas
uwodeben.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, agreTve dro praimingis dawyebasa da mizans
Soris. zog SemTxvevaSi, aSkraftis mixedviT niSan _ log praimsa da mizans
Soris, romelic yovelTvis gamoxatavs CarTuli stimulebis raodenobas,
aris indeqsi praimis miznisagan gamoyofisa. da bolos, CvenTvis
saitereso iqneba kidev erTi mosazrebis ganxilva am statiidan. kerZod,
sityvis mniSvnelobis monawileoba SesaZlebelia Tu ara cnobierad
aRqmis gareSe Semovides anu avtomaturad? markeli (markeli1989-1983)
dadebiTad pasuxobs am kiTxvaze. mis mier Catarebuli cdis aRwera
dagvexmareba ufro detalurad warmovidginoT es procesi. eqsperimentis
mixedviT cdispirebs awvdidnen praims tipiurisagan SedarebiT
gansxvavebuli gziT, saxeldobr praims uSualod mosdevda gadRabnili
vizualuri niSebi. am gadRabnili vizualuri niSebis mizani iyo SeeniRba
praimi. praimis Semdeg am nimuSis prezentacia ise swrafad xdeboda, rom
subieqts arafriT SeeZlo am praimis sityvis cnobieri aRqma. miuxedavad
amisa, relevanturi praimi, kerZod bavSvi advilebda iseTi sityvebis
leqsikur gadawyvetas, rogoricaa `Cvili~. am monacemebis mixedviT
sementikur praimings SiZleba adgili hqondes avtomaturadac cnobieris
monawileobis gareSe. cdispirebi ver acnobiereben rom maT saerTod
aRiqvams praimi.
Tu Cvens eqsperimentSi gamovlenil Sedegebs, savaraudod
daukavSirebT aSkraftis mier warmodgenil models praimngze semantikur
mexsierebaSi, aRmoCndeba rom Cvens SemTxvevaSic swored konceptualur,
semantikur praimingis gamovlenasTan gvaqvs saqme.
kerZod, praimi aris Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT warmodgenili
sityvawyvilebi, romlebic win uZRvis mizans (Cvens SemTxvevaSi moTxovnas
aRadginon sityvawyvilebi, Sesatyvisobis efeqtiT) mizani ganicdis
praimis zegavlenas da cdispirebi aRadgenen sityvawyvilebs ufro did
raodenobiT Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
_ yvela seriaSi.
gansxvaveba seriebs Soris, Cveni hipoTezis sasargeblod, swored
mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiebis gansxvavebulad moqmedebis
128
SesaZleblobaze metyvelebs. roca dro praimingis dawyebasa da mizans
Soris aris mcire, gansxvaveba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT
aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris aris umniSvnelo. xolo roca dro
praimingis dawyebasa da mizans Soris aris xangrZlivi, Tundac es
periodi Sevsebuli iyos sxvadasxva stimulebiT, gansxvaveba am
komponentebs Soris statistikurad sandoa. rogorc damtkicda
saxeldebis efeqtiT sityvebis aRdgenisaTvis mexsierebis am strategias
(xangrZlivi mexsiereba) gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba. xolo aSkraftis
mier mier warodgenili modeli praimingis procesze semantikur
mexsierebaSi, Cveni eqsperimentis SemTxvevaSic misaRebia.
praimis mizanTan dakvSirebis sakiTxi, saxeldebis cdebSi SeiZleba
ganvixiloT ganwyobis moqmedebis gavleniTac. kerZod, Tu praimi swored
aris dakavSirebuli mizanTan, maSin adgili aqvs saxelsadebo Sinaarsis
gancdis safuZvelmdebi ganwyobis asimilaciur moqmedebas, anu praimi
advilad aRwevs mizans (II seria), xolo Tu praimi ar aris dakavSirebuli
mizanTan maSin ganwyobis moqmedebiT ganpirobebul kontrastul efeqtTan
gvaqvs saqme anu praimis mizanze zemoqmedeba Seferxebulia da negatiur
zegavlenas axdens saxeldebis Sedegze.(I seria)
d. uznaZe ganwyobiT ganpirobebuli aseTi efeqtebis aRsaniSnavad
xmarobs termins _ kontrastuli iluzia, anu maSin roca
urTierTzemoqmedebis Sedegad adgili aqvs gancdaSi urTierT-
kontrastuli Sinaarsebis aRmocenebas, magram am SemTxvevaSi is
xazgasmiT miuTiTebs, rom aq adgili aqvs ara kontrastuli ganwyobis
aRmocenebas, aramed `arsebuli ganwyobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT
gadaxras~, xolo `arsebuli ganwyobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT
gadaxra miT ufro TvalsaCino da aqtualuria, rac mtkice da
garkveulia TviT es ganwyoba, romelic irRveva~ (d. uznaZe 1956. gv.169-170).
ganwyobis moqmedebis kontrastuli efeqti specifiuria ara mxolod
raodenobriv masalaze SemuSavebuli ganwyobis moqmedebisaTvis, aramed
romelobiTi masalis SemTxvevaSic vlindeba, xolo Cvens SemTxvevaSi
sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc
mexsierebis identifikaciis faqtoris kvlevis eqsperimentSi semantikuri
praimingis safuZvlad gvevlineba. aracnobieris monawileobis sakiTxi
129
saxeldebis procesSi aRiarebulia, romelic Tanamedrove kognituri
fsiqologiis warmomadgenelTa mier SeiZleba daxasiaTebul iqnes,
rogorc implicituri mexsiereba, xolo misi ZiriTadi komponentebis
praimis (stimulis) da miznis urTierTdakavSirebis meqanizmis safuZvels
xsnis ganwyobis fsiqologia.
amrigad, roca saxeldebis cdebSi gamovlenili Sedegis, anu sityvis
bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis
safuZvelis sakiTxs ganixilaven, eqsperimentul monacemebze dayrdnobiT,
gasaTvaliswinebelia jer erTi mexsierebis marTvis strategia, romelic
ganapirobebs masalis aRdgenas eqsplicituri Tu inplicituri formiT
da meores mxriv, is ganwyoba romelic d. uznaZis Teoriis mixedviT win
uswrebs zogierTi kompleqsis gancdis cnobierebaSi aRmocenebas da
gansazrvravs SinaarsTan misi dakavSirebis safuZvels. Cvens mier sityvis
bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc
mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris, kvlevis mizniT Catarebuli yvela
eqsperimentSi (I, II, III eqsperimenti) zemoT aRniSnuli meqanizmi erTnairad
vlindeba.
Cveni naSromis empirul nawilSi akmaod detalurad ganvixileT
samive eqsperimentis mimdinareoba da maTi Sedegebi.
aRniSnuli Teoriuli midgomebidan SeiZleba kidev ramodenime
mosazrebis moSvelieba Cveni eqsperimentis Sedegebis asaxsnelad.
rogorc aRvniSneT II eqsperimentSi, Cveni kvlevis mizans
warmoadgenda I eqsperimentis analogiur eqsperimentis Catareba, meore
enis gamoyenebiT, garkveuli mosazrebiT kerZod, Tu ki sityvis bgeriT
mxares da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba warmoadgens
adamianis individulur-fsiqologiur maxasiaTebels, maSin erTi da igive
cdispirebi unda iCendnen erTsa da imave unarebs orive enis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi.
Cvens eqsperimentSi es hipoTeza dadasturda, magram enebs Soris
gansxvaveba raodenobrivad aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis mixedviT,
gamoikveTa iaponuris upiratesobiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom orive ena
cdispirebisaTvis ucxo iyo, Svedur enaze naTargmni iaponuris
ekvivalenturi bevri sityva, Cveni cdispirebisaTvis nacnob enebTan
130
asocirdeboda. anu iq sadac aris mniSvnelovani msgavseba, xangrZlivi
mexsierebis dros adgili aqvs semantikur interferencias. xangrZlivi
mexsierebis dros daviwyebaze moqmedebs mniSvnelobis mxriv msgavseba (d.
farjanaZe 2008).
Cvens mier dasmuli problema, Tu ratom xdeba, rom sxvadasxva enis
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, gansxvavebul Sedegebs vRebulobT swored
amocnobil sityvaTa raodenobis mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa rom cdebSi
gamoyenebuli yvela ucxo enis SemTxvevaSi swored amocnobili da
daxsomebuli ucxo enis sityvebi SemTxveviTobiT mosalodneli odenobis
farglebs scildeba, SeiZleba aixsnas interferencis gamovleniT. enaTa
Soris damTxvevis maRali xarisxi ki mowmobs im faqts, rom saxeldeba ar
aris SemTxveviTi procesi, is kanonzomieri procesia da masSi
monawileobs pirveladi ganwyoba, romelic sxva enobrivi koleqtivis
wevrebisTvisac identuria.
rogorc aRvniSneT, III eqsperimentis Catarebis mizans warmoadgenda
Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze kidev erTi faqtoris, socialuri
faqtoris gavlenis kvleva. rogorc eqsperimentis Sedegad aRmoCnda es
faqtori Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze ar axdens gavlenas, magram mis
fonze ufro aqtualuri xdeba kognituri gamocdileba, romelic ufrosi
asakobrivi jgufis upiratesobaSi vlindeba.
CvenTvis saintereso problema, mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiis
gavlena saxeldebis procesze, sxvadasxvanairad vlindeba. kerZod,
xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis SemTxvevaSi cdispirebi Cveulebrivi
skolidan da bavSvTa saxlidan sxvadasxva Sedegebs gviCveneben aRdgenili
sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT, rac statistikurad sandoa.
xolo xangrZlivi mexsierebis SemTxvevaSi, yvelgan erTnairi
viTareba gvaqvs (orive skolaSi da orive asakobriv jgufSi). es Sedegi
kidev erTxel adasturebs im faqts, rom cnobierebis gareSe mimdinare
procesebi yvela cdispirTan erTnairad mimdinareobs.
amrigad, saxeldebis procesSi implicituri mexsierebis
monawileobis sakiTxi ormxriv sainteresoa. erTis mxriv, saxeldebis
safuZvelis garkvevisTvis mas arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba, romelsac
SeuZlia naTelyos aracnobier doneze informaciis gadamuSavebis
131
SesaZlebloba. xolo meores mxriv, implicituri mexsierebis gamovlenis,
kerZod semantikuri praimingis, kidev erTi SesaZlo variantia, romelic
adasturebs rom praimingi aadvilebs pasuxs maRali tipiurobis (Cvens
SemTxvevaSi Sesatyvisobis) mqone wyvilTaTvis.
132
daskvna
1.eqsperimentiს gansxvavebuli dizainis safuZvelze, romelic
cdispirebs masalis aRdgenis sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda, gamovlinda
mexsierebis gansxvavebuli strategiis roli saxeldebis procesSi.
2.xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis pirobebSi Cveni winaswari
hipoTeza, rom sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierT-
Sesatyvisoba mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mnemur procesebze ar
dasturdeba. xanmokle mexsiereba anxorcielebs myisier instruqcias da
ar eswreba bgeriTi kompleqsis saxelsadeb SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis
ganwyobis SemuSaveba bunebrivi gziT.
3.xangrZlivi mexsiereba cdis masalis aRdgenis ufro farTo
SesaZleblobebs iZleva, rac vlindeba mis mier Sesrulebul or SedegSi:
a) sityvawyvilebis saerTo raodenobiT aRdgenaSi; b) Sesatyvisi
mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis efeqturobaSi. cdispirebi
xangrZlivi mexsierebis pirobebSi, Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT ufro meti
raodenobiT aRadgenen sityvebs, vidre araSesatvisi mniSvnelobiT.
zemoTaRniSnuli amarTlebs Cvens hipoTezas, rom saxeldeba ar aris
SemTxveviTi procesi, is kanonzomieri procesia da masSi monawileobs
pirveladi ganwyoba, romelic sxva enobrivi koleqtivis nakrebisaTvisac
TiTqmis identuria. Cveni winaswari varaudi dasturdeba, rom
Sesatyvisoba aris stimuli (praimi), romelsac SeiZleba gavlena hqondes
mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da warmoadgendes mexsierebis
intensifikaciis faqtors.
4.saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba vlindeba mnemur efeqtSi, romelic
swored mexsierebis aracnobier formebTan aris dakavSirebuli.
savaraudod, es aris implicituri mexsiereba. Cvens eqsperimentebSi
miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze SeiZleba vimsjeloT imlicituri
mexsierebis konkretul formaze, kerZod semantikur(konceptualur)
praimingze..
133
5. asaki ar axdens gavlenas sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis
urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze, rogorc mexsierebis
intensifikaciis faqtorze. es Sedegi gvafiqrebinebs, rom saTanado
ganwyobis Seqmnis pirobebSi mnemuri efeqti Tanabrad muSaobs normaluri
inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis mqone yvela cdispirze..
6. sityvebis aRdgenis procentuli raodenoba samive eqsperimentSi
ufro maRalia ufros asakobriv jgufSi, vidre umcros asakobriv
jgufSi.
7.gansxvaveba genderul jgufebi, rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve
araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebis sworad
aRdgenebs Soris ar gamovlinda. xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis
gamoyenebisas iseve, rogorc xangrZlivi mexsierebis strategiis
SemTxvevaSi, gogonebsa da biWebs Soris kognituri procesebi
praqtikulad erTnairad mimdinareobs.
8. kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da
mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze, rogorc
mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtorze, socialuri garemo gavlenas ar
axdens. bavSvTa saxlebSi vlindeba igive tendenciebi, rasac adgili
hqonda Cveulebrivi sajaro skolis moswavleebTan.
9. bavSvTa saxlebsa da Cveulebriv sajaro skolebSi, gansxvavebul
Sedegebs vRebulobT asakobrivi jgufebis Sedarebisas sworad aRdgenili
sityvawyvilebis raodenobis TvalsazrisiT. rogorc avRniSneT
socialuri faqtori, Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze ar axdens gavlenas,
magram mis fonze ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba kognituri gamocdileba
bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebisTvis da is ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis
upiratesobaSi vlindeba.
sworad aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba samive seriaSi ufro
metia bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebTan, vidre Cveulebrivi skolis
moswavleebTan. bavSvTa saxlebSi cdispirTa ukeTesi Sedegebi SeiZleba
aixsnas warmatebis miRwevis motiviT, rac gansakuTrebiT kargad
gamoixata bavSvTa saxlebis aRsazrdelebis gamonaTqvamebSi da
saqcielSi.
134
10.ori enis, iaponuris da Sveduris gamoyenebis safuZvelze, .
cdispirTa monacemebs Soris damTxvevis aseTi maRali xarisxi miuTiTebs
imaze, rom maTi arCevani emyareba raRac iseTs, rac cdispirebisTvis
SemTxvevaTa did umravlesobaSi erTnairad misawvdomia. igi ar aris
ganpirobebuli am bgeraTa kompleqsiT gamowveuli asociaciebiTa da
saerTod enis Sualobis SedegiT. savaraudod, es aris yvela enaSi
impliciturad Cadebuli fenomeni, romelic scildeba individualuri
gamocdilebis farglebs da yvela eqsperimentSi, sxvadasxva lingvisturi
masalis, Tu sxvadasxva situaciuri faqtoris (xanmokle da xangrZlivi
mexsierebis strategiebis) gamoyenebiT, vlindeba, rogorc koleqtiuri
gamocdilebis amsaxveli monacemi.
11.. SvedurTan SedarebiT, iaponuri enis sityvebis raodenobrivad
aRdgenis upiratesoba, SeiZleba aixsnas mexsierebis TaviseburebebiT.
kerZod, SesaZlo asociaciebi Sveduri enisa nacnob ucxo enebTan
(inglisuri, germanuli) amcirebs sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis mnemur efeqts,
magram ver cvlis saxeldebis cdebis ZiriTad tendenciebs. iq sadac aris
mniSvnelovani msgavseba, mexsierebis dros adgili aqvs semantikur
interferencias. Cveni eqsperimenti ki swored saxeldebis cdebSi
mexsierebis monawileobis garkvevas gulisxmobda.
.12. amrigad, saxeldebis cdebSi gamovlenili Sedegis, anu sityvis
bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTdakavSirebis safuZvlis
sakiTxis ganxilvisas, gasaTvaliswinebelia jer erTi, mexsierebis
marTvis strategia, romelic ganapirobebs masalis aRdgenas
eqsplicituri an implicituri formiT da meores mxriv is ganwyoba,
romelic d. uznaZis Teoriis mixedviT, win uswrebs bgeraTa kompleqsis
gancdis cnobierebaSi aRmoacenebas da gansazRvravs SinaarsTan misi
dakavSirebis xarisxs.
135
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