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DISINFECTION PROCESSES AT DISEASE
EVENTS
Using the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Event as an
Example
DON’T TAKE A KNIFE TO A GUN FIGHT!
OR
A .22 TO AN ELEPHANT HUNT!
PLANNING - FORMULA
• Contaminant => Removal + Neutralization + Containment
• Develop an Algorithm – You Must Answer some important questions
Current Snapshot – What’s urgent right now?
Potential Expansion – Short Term & Long Term
Hard Decisions until your assessment is completed. Size up……….
• What are current capabilities?
• What do you need now?
• What would you need in a worse case scenario?
• What is the middle level that you (your State) is comfortable risking?
• How much of this “Risk Differential” can you ensure the Industry will
Mitigate?
WHAT? OBJECTIVE -> DEFINE THE TASKS!
The Basics:
• ID of the Agent/Contaminant?
• Personnel or Equipment?
• Size/Magnitude of Task?
• Amount – Numbers?
AGENT/CONTAMINANT
• Chemical – TICs, Chemical Warfare Agents
• Biological – bacterial, viral, fungal, Category List Agents
• Radiological – Isotopes, dusts, gases
WHO/WHAT/HOW?
• Human/animals?
• Can control what means are safe for cleaning & disinfecting
• Removal – mechanical, surfactant (soap & water),
• Dilution as a minimum-Flushing
• Equipment?
• More flexible/options for types of cleaning & disinfecting agents
• Removal – mechanical, surfactant (soap & water), neutralizing agents,
temperatures
• Dilution as a minimum
SIZE/QUANTITIES
• Human/Animals – few to many => clothing removal, mechanical scrubbing, shower,
bathing, neutralizing/disinfecting agents (opposite pH liquids, alcohol sanitizers, per
Label Instructions, SDS/MSDS)
• Equipment – vehicles few or many; mechanical cleaning (soap, water, brushing,
pressure washing with same agents, chemical agents to alter surfaces [DS2] or
neutralize in other ways that may be damaging to equipment, EPA List agents, Chart
of types
SIZE & NUMBERS
• C&D of this:
• Significantly different than this:
• What about this:
• Or this:
HOW- ALL THAT APPLY
• EPA Approved List for agent - https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-
registration/antimicrobial-products-registered-disinfection-use-against-avian-
influenza
• Iowa State - http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/HPAI/hpai_resources.htm
• Reference Charts from Accreditation Courses
NC EXPERIENCE
• Four deployments to assist with depopulation – Minnesota & Iowa
• Returned home after these to a developing IMT activity
• I was placed in Decon Group Supervisor Position
• Commissioner Provided his Objective for IC & Operations
• Prepare to conduct depopulation operations on 10 farms simultaneously
• Control/protect against lateral spread of disease
• Do not leave an environmental footprint
• Based on lessons learned on deployments, implied task & mandate from State Vet to take
charge of C&D initially if not adequate or assist with improvements
State EOC
JRSOIIC
Sharron Stewart
Industry Liaison
ResourcesJIS/JIC Lead by
Ag PIO
NCDA&CS Policy GroupJoe Reardon, Doug Meckes,
Dr. Sarah Mason
PIO
Brian Long
SafetyC. Grasty
Depart. Safety Office
Kathy Buckley
Ops
Dr. J Tickel
Logistics
M. Mayes
Finance
H. Gilroy
Plans
M. Howell
EOC Liaison
Field Tech. SpecialistJ. Collie
Depop Group
Depop Task Force 1
Depop Task Force 2
Depop Task Force 3
Disposal Group
Dr. J. Kittrell
Disposal Team 1
Disposal Team 2
Compost Tech. Specialist
J. Hudyncia
4 USDA AHTs3 USDA VMOs
Case Manager Group
Dr. J. QuinnDr. C. Law
Disease Management
Dr. C. Woodlief
Decon GroupDr. B. Akers
Dr. S. Squires
AppraisalW. Culbreath
(USDA)
Commercial
Dr. B. Herring
Disease SurveillanceDr. M Neault
Lab
Dr. K. Post
Security
J. Keith
Backyard
Dr. M. Tolson
BY Survey Team 1
BY SurveyTeam 2
BY Sample Team 1
BY Sample Team 2
BY Sample Team 3
C. SampleTeam 1
C. SampleTeam 2
Environmental Sampling
Special CollectionDr. A. Allen
Tech. SpecialistDr. L. Degenres
SC Sample Team 1
Wildlife Sample 1
Sample Collection Sites
D. Jernigan
Decon Team
Depop Task Force 4
Depop Task Force 5
Disposal Team 3
Disposal Team 4
Disposal Team 5
Decon Team 1Personnel
Decon Team 2Farm
Decon Team 3Company
Admin Team
Case Manager 1
Case Manager 2
Case Manager 3
Case Manager 4
Case Manager 5
CM Documentation
USDA
Deputy FSC
USDA
Cost Unit
Claims Unit
Procurement Unit
Finance Assistants
Contracts
Deputy LSC
Logistics Admin
IT UnitUSDA
Ground Support Unit
Suppy Unit Equpment Assistants
Supply Unit Leader
Deputy PSC
NCFS/USDA
Permitting
Dr. L. Dodds
Resource Unit
NCFS
Check In/Out
NCFS/USDA
Document Unit
NCFS/USDA
EMRS Dr. B. Porter-
Spalding
EPI/Bio Security
Dr. K. Beck
Situation UnitD. Madding
GIS Mapping
ISS
DROUSDA
C&D ASSESSMENTS
• Met with Deputy Group Supervisor – Dr. Scott Squires, USDA
• GIS staff developed an initial listing of truck washes in State
• Visited three different companies’ Processing Plants to assess truck C&D operations
• IMT started/improved algorithms to estimate amounts of vehicle traffic to support
operations (water trucks, dump trucks, skid loaders etc.) on average farm (4.1 barns)
• Based on potential excess numbers of vehicular traffic, we Surveyed current C&D
capabilities:……………………………………….
C&D ASSESSMENTS
• NCEM Convenience Contracts for C&D Equipment Rentals
• Surveyed costs of Rental Companies & current stockage
• Surveyed additional truck C&D companies & HAZMAT Operators
• Requested quotes for new purchase costs of comparable trailered pressure washers
(3 companies)
• Purchased tailored C&D Units (my specs)
• Logic & Features
SHOT IN THE DARK?
• No! Your best estimate.
• Not planning is NOT an option! No matter how good your plan, you’ll not be TOTALLY right.
• You know how to do this, make use of what you have, then make it better each time.
• First Deployment, first day on farm…….
• PDS looked like this…
• With 7 folks around it.
Hooah!!!Next day it looked like this.
😢
😉
First
C&D
Warm Zone
Second
C&D
Cold Zone
Final C&D
Hotel Parking Lot
Equipment C&D
CONTAINMENT
• Enlist your State’s DENR/DEQ
• Protection of the Environment
• Soil & water protection
Contaminant => Removal + Neutralization + Containment
HPAI Cleaning
Soap &
Water
Disinfectant
-Bleach
-Citric Acid
-Quat NH3
-Virkon
-Temperatures
Biosecurity &
Environmental
Protection
23
UNITED STATES – HPAI RESPONSE
Cleaning and Disinfecting:
Dry cleaning (the removal of contaminated materials without the
use of water)
Wet cleaning (washing) - use of water and soap or detergent
Houses and equipment inspected and documented by the State
and/or Veterinary Services (VS) to ensure that cleaning removed
all contaminated materials or substances and that houses and
equipment are completely dry before applying disinfectant
Disinfectants approved by Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) and selected by the State and/or VS
Focus on Virus Elimination = C&D
100°F and 120°F for 7 days; with at least 3 consecutive days of
heating to this temperature
Courtesy of Dr. Patricia Fox, National Epidemiologist USDA
While there does not seem to be a single source of transmission, there is a
common solution:
Better and Stringent Biosecurity
Premises, Equipment, Personnel, Visitors,
VehiclesCourtesy of Dr. Patricia Fox, National Epidemiologist USDA
JUST ONE MORE HURDLE, JUST KEEP ON KEEPING ON.