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DISNEY BROTHERS CARTOON STUDIO
• Established in 1923
• Built on animated shorts beginning with 1921’s Cleaning Up!
• Little Red Riding Hood (1922): http://youtu.be/fRe6ItAQigg
• Alice Comedies established Disney as a studio
• Oswald the Lucky Rabbit in 1927 (lost the character when Iwerk left Disney)
• Trolly Troubles (1922): http://youtu.be/c9LmDpMO2k0
• Mickey Mouse, Plane Crazy replaced Oswald in 1928 (released 1929)
• http://youtu.be/oUS8x4xZ3m4
SNOW WHITE AND CLASSIC DISNEY FEATURES• Unprecedented success when released (1937-38)
• Made in “multiplane Technicolor”—both the multiplane camera and the full-color Technicolor process were still new in animated films.
• Best Feature: Fantasia (an experimental film produced to an accompanying orchestral arrangement conducted by Leopold Stokowski)
• http://youtu.be/-gZbMOq_Ge8
• http://youtu.be/cqyVZK5yN1E
DISNEY FEATURES AFTER WWII
• Production of features temporarily suspended due to WWII, between Bambi and Cinderella
• European Market cut off from the war
• Huge amount of studio productions for the military—propaganda films (from 1942-45, 95% of animation was for the military
• Example: http://youtu.be/oqMVpcbhpqw
• Song of the South and So Dear to my Heart = live action/animation
• http://youtu.be/11AVwBBtruM
• Cinderella was the first fully animated feature after the war in 1950
• http://youtu.be/_TKBHJeEljU
DISNEY MOVES INTO THE 1960S
• Sleeping Beauty: stylistic shift that led to renewed interest in features through 1960shttp://youtu.be/CfsyUyi_FJM
• High expense of features, however, led to economic losses—and did not recoup costs until decades after original release
• 1962: Disney shut down the short subject department, focusing attention on television and feature films
• Expansion into television coincided with decline in both revenue and quality of output
DISNEY IN THE 1970S AND 80S
• 1970s: decline in popularity that spread to 1980s
• 1979: Don Bluth left Disney and created his own studio, producing works that arguably surpassed Disney quality and challenged its economic dominance
• http://youtu.be/FwNfsLwQBhM
• Rock Bottom in 1985 with The Black Cauldron (the first Disney animated feature with a PG rating)—
• http://youtu.be/xUGfIvi6uvc• failed to break even and so poorly received • would not be released for home viewing for more than a decade.
MICHAEL EISNER
1984-2004:
• CAPS and Who Framed Roger Rabbit:
1. bombastic animated musicals, using music as well as high-quality animation to attract audiences.
2. Coincided with introduction of computer-aided animation techniques
• Oliver and Company (1988)
• The Little Mermaid (1989)
• Beauty and the Beast (1991)
• Aladdin (1992)
• The Lion King (1994)
• Pocahontas (1995)
COMPETITION FROM OTHER STUDIOS
• Layoffs from 2000 to 600 animators
• Dismal performances in relation to Pixar, DreamWorks
• Converted WDFA into a CGI studio
• Paris studio shut down in 2003
• Orlando studio shut down in 200 and turned into a Theme Park attraction
• Home on the Range (2004) last traditionally-animated feature until The Princess and the Frog (with Pixar’s John Lassiter)
DISNEY TODAY
• Pixar’s Edwin Catmull and John Lassiter
• DisneyToon Studios—Consumer products, direct-to-video, etc.
• Waking Sleeping Beauty
• Tangled
• http://youtu.be/hsJFEqOL1UI
• Brave
• http://youtu.be/TEHWDA_6e3M