Display system having electrode modulation to alter a state of an

US006078303A

Ulllted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 6,078,303 McKnight [45] Date of Patent: Jun. 20, 2000

[54] DISPLAY SYSTEM HAVING ELECTRODE 8701468 3/1987 WIPO . MODULATION TO ALTER A STATE OF AN 9103003 3/1991 WIPO - ELECTRO_0PTIC LAYER 9501701 1/1995 WIPO .

9534986 12/1995 WIPO .

[75] Inventor: Douglas McKnight, Boulder, Colo. 9600479 1/1996 WIPO '

_ OTHER PUBLICATIONS [73] Ass1gnee: Colorado MicroDisplay, Inc., Boulder,

C010_ T. FujisaWa, et al. “Electro—Optic Properties and Multiplex ibility for Polymer Network Liquid Crystal Display

[21] Appl' No‘: 08/801,994 (PNTLCDT’, Japan Display, VOl. 690 '(1989). ~ ' Uchida, Tatsuo, “Application and Device Modeling of Liq

[22] Filed: Feb- 18, 1997 uid Crystal Displays”, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., vol. 123, 1985, pp. 15—55.

Related US Application Data Bahadur, Birendra, “Liquid Crystral Displays”, Molecular _ _ _ _ _ Crystals and Liquid Crystals, vol. 109, No. 1, 1984, p. 32.

[63] Continuation-m-part of application No. 08/770,233, Dec. SID International Symposium, Digest of Tehnical Papers, 19, 1996, Pat. No. 5,920,298. V01‘ XVIII, 1987, pp‘ 75_78'

[51] Int. Cl.7 ..................................................... .. G09G 3/36 , ,

[52] US. Cl. ............................... .. 345/87; 345/90; 345/94; (Llst Con?rmed 0“ next Page")

345/208 Primary Examiner—Richard A. Hjerpe [58] Field of Search ................................ .. 345/94, 95, 90, Assistant Examiner—Francis Nguyen

345/87, 96, 204, 205, 208, 209 Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Blakely, Sokoloff, Taylor & Zafman

[56] References Cited [57] ABSTRACT

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Methods and apparatuses for display systems Which modu

H2 12/1985 Soloway~ ................................ .. 340/701 late a Control electrode to Cause an electrmop?c layer to be H1320 6/1994 Kleronskl " "" " 359/48 reset to a state in Which display data is not viewable. In one

3’O97’260 7/1963 lamfn’s ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " 178/5'4 embodiment of the invention, a display system includes a

3,507,982 4/1970 Sugihara ................................ .. 178/5.4 ?rst Substrate having a ?rst plurality of pixel electrodes for

(List continued on neXt page.) receiving a ?rst plurality of pixel data values representing a ?rst image to be displayed. The display system further

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS includes an electro-optic layer Which is operatively coupled 0298255 1/1989 European pat Off _ to the pixel electrodes and an electrode operatively coupled 0336351 10/1989 European Pat. Off. . to the electro-optic layer. The display system displays the 0373565 6/1990 European Pat. Off. . ?rst image and then applies a ?rst control voltage to the 0437238 7/ 1991 European Pat- O?- - electrode to alter a state of the electro-optic layer such that 0622655 11/1994 European Pat Off-- the ?rst image substantially not displayed and then the 0632426 4/1995 European Pat‘ Off‘ ' display system displays a second image represented by a

0 3/1332 2:: at; - ....... .. of 0 827 130A2 3/1998 European Pat‘ Off _______ n 6096 3/36 receives a second control voltage. Various other apparatuses 5651352 12/1981 Japan _ and methods are described.

8220502 9/1996 Japan .

9101497 4/1997 Japan . 24 Claims, 26 Drawing Sheets

/ 500

L Display "Old' Pixel Data lrom Prior Frame of Display Data

Set Cover Glass Voltage (VCG) (e,g., Apply First Control V) to Alter State 0] LC (Liquid Drystal) so that Old Pixel Data is Substantially Not Viewable (eg.v Display Frame IS Momenlarlly Driven Dark—Even if Pixel Data is Still Stored on the Pixel ‘/

Electrodes)

Load Next Data onto Pixel Electrodes (Row by Row of the Electrodes) lor Current Frame While Holding VCG Substantially at a V so that VLC is at V5 (to Keep

Display Dark)

Release VCG (e.g., Apply Second Control V) to Alter State of LC so that Loaded Next Data for Current Frame is Viewable on Display (it All Rows 01 Display Have 505

Been Loaded Before Releasing VCG, then the Display Appears to Update Simultaneousl for the Whole Frame)

L L

Display Current Frame

Repeat Steps 504510 for Next Display Frame

new we

6,078,303 Page 2

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,039,983 8/1991 Yoon ..................................... .. 340/703

5,068,649 11/1991 Garrett .................................. .. 340/793

3,651,511 3/1972 Andrews 6‘ a1~ ----------------- ~~ 340/324 R 5,077,533 12/1991 Buzak ................................... .. 340/794

3,703,329 11/1972 Castellano ............................. .. 350/150 570927665 3/1992 Kanbe et a1_ 349/34

3,758,195 9/1973 Hedman, Jr 6‘ a1~ - 350/160 5,093,652 3/1992 Bull et a1. ............................. .. 340/701 3,813,145 5/1974 Hedman, JI- et a1 - 350/160 5,101,197 3/1992 Hix 6161. .............................. .. 340/784

3,856,381 12/1974 Hedman, Jr 6‘ a1~ - 350/160 5,105,183 4/1992 Beckman .............................. .. 340/717 3,898,646 8/1975 Washizuka et a1- ------------------ -~ 340/336 5,105,265 4/1992 Sato 6161. ............................... .. 358/60

3,902,169 8/1975 WashiZuka ............................ .. 340/336 571077353 4/1992 Okumura 345/96

3,938,134 2/1976 Hackstein et al. 340/324 M 5,115,305 5/1992 Baur et a1. .............................. .. 358/60 4,019,178 4/1977 HaShiIIlOtO 6t 61- - 340/324 5,117,224 5/1992 Kawamura et a1. .................. .. 340/703

4,082,430 4/1978 Schulthess et a1. .. 350/333 5,119,084 6/1992 Kawamura et a1. . 340/784 4,090,219 5/1978 Ernstoff et a1. ......................... .. 358/59 5,122,783 6/1992 Bassetti, Jr. ........................... .. 340/701

4,150,396 4/1979 Hareng et a1. .......................... .. 358/60 5,124,818 6/1992 Conner et a1. .......................... .. 359/53

4,240,113 12/1980 Michael et al. .. 358/180 5,126,865 6/1992 Sarrna 359/59 4,315,258 2/1982 McKnight et a1. ................... .. 340/784 5,128,782 7/1992 Wood ...................................... .. 309/48

4,319,237 3/1982 Matsuo et a1. ........................ .. 340/713 5,132,826 7/1992 Johnson et a1. ......................... .. 359/93

4,335,393 6/1982 Pearson . . . . . . . . . . .. 358/4 5,172,108 12/1992 Wakabayashi et a1. . 340/793

4,364,039 12/1982 PenZ ...................................... .. 340/784 5,172,222 12/1992 Plantier et a1. ......................... .. 358/61

4,378,955 4/1983 Bleha, Jr. et a1. .................... .. 350/334 5,175,535 12/1992 Yamazaki et a1. .................... .. 340/784

4,385,806 5/1983 Fergason .. 350/347 5,185,602 2/1993 Basetti, Jr. et a1. . 340/793 4,416,514 11/1983 Plummer ............................... .. 350/335 5,187,603 2/1993 Bos ......................................... .. 359/73

4,432,610 2/1984 Kobayashi et a1. ............... .. 350/331 R 5,196,834 3/1993 Edelson et a1. ....................... .. 340/703

4,449,123 5/1984 Muranaga .... .. .. 340/716 5,200,844 4/1993 Suvada ...... .. 359/40

4,451,825 5/1984 Hall et a1. ............................. .. 340/750 5,202,676 4/1993 340/784 4,455,576 6/1984 Hoshi .................................... .. 358/230 5,204,659 4/1993 340/784 4,464,018 8/1984 Gagnon ........ .. . 350/331 R 5,214,417 5/1993 . 340/784

4,487,480 12/1984 Nonomura etal. ................... .. 350/335 5,225,823 7/1993 340/793 4,566,758 1/1986 Bos ....................................... .. 350/346 5,227,882 7/1993 358/160 4,574,282 3/1986 Crossland et a1. .. 340/784 5,227,904 7/1993 Nakamowatari . 359/103 4,582,396 4/1986 Bos et a1. .............................. .. 350/347 5,233,338 8/1993 Surguy .................................. .. 340/784

4,595,259 6/1986 Perregaux ............................. .. 350/331 5,233,446 8/1993 Inoue et a1. ............................. .. 359/55

4,635,051 1/1987 Bos ....... .. .. 340/757 5,237,435 8/1993 Kurematsu et a1. 359/41 4,652,087 3/1987 Bos et a1. .............................. .. 350/332 5,245,450 9/1993 Ukai et a1. .............................. .. 359/55

4,652,912 3/1987 Masubuchi .............................. .. 358/59 5,245,455 9/1993 Sayyah et a1. .......................... .. 359/72

4,675,667 6/1987 Nakamura et a1. .. 340/784 5,251,049 10/1993 Sato et a1. 359/40 4,676,602 6/1987 Watanabe .............................. .. 350/332 5,252,959 10/1993 Kono ..................................... .. 345/147

4,679,639 7/1987 Kawamura et a1. .................. .. 340/784 5,264,835 11/1993 Shaw et a1. ........................... .. 345/150

4,709,995 12/1987 Kuribayashi et al. 350/350 S 5,289,173 2/1994 Numao 345/87 4,716,403 12/1987 Morozumi ............................. .. 340/702 5,293,534 3/1994 Mihara .................................... .. 359/84

4,768,092 8/1988 Ishikawa ............................... .. 358/140 5,296,953 3/1994 Kanbe et a1. ........................... .. 359/56

4,770,500 9/1988 Kalmanash et a1. . 350/347 E 5,299,039 3/1994 Bohannon 359/53 4,773,026 9/1988 Takahara et a1. . .. 364/518 5,313,224 5/1994 Singhal et a1. 345/89 4,808,991 2/1989 Tachiuchi et a1. .. 340/793 5,327,229 7/1994 Konno et a1. . 348/742 4,822,142 4/1989 Yasui ............ .. .. 350/332 5,337,068 8/1994 Stewart et al. 345/88

4,827,255 5/1989 Ishii . .. 340/793 5,341,153 8/1994 BenZschaWel et a1. . 345/152 4,836,654 6/1989 Fujimura et a1. . .. 350/346 5,347,382 9/1994 Rumbaugh 359/84 4,838,655 6/1989 Hunahata et a1. .. 350/335 5,359,345 10/1994 Hunter ...... .. . 345/102

4,842,379 6/1989 Oishi et a1. .. 350/347 5,363,117 11/1994 Matsuura et a1. 345/87 4,843,381 6/1989 Baron .... .. .. 340/784 5,365,274 11/1994 Seki et al. ..... .. . 348/458

4,855,724 8/1989 Yang .. 340/703 5,381,182 1/1995 Miller et al. . 348/448 4,864,290 9/1989 Waters . .. 340/793 5,386,237 1/1995 Knee ...... .. .348/458

4,864,538 9/1989 BuZak .. .. 365/128 5,396,261 3/1995 Hastings, III 345/92 4,870,396 9/1989 Shields .. 340/719 5,410,422 4/1995 Bos ........ .. 359/73

4,886,343 12/1989 Johnson .. 350/335 5,412,396 5/1995 Nelson ...... .. 345/89 4,917,465 4/1990 Conner et a1. .. 350/335 5,418,572 5/1995 Nonweiler et a . . 348/446

4,921,334 5/1990 Akodes .... .. .. 350/333 5,424,780 6/1995 Cooper ............. .. .348/428

4,922,241 5/1990 Inoue et a1. ..... .. .. 340/784 5,426,526 6/1995 Yamamoto et a1. 359/82 4,936,656 6/1990 Yamashita et a1. .. 350/333 5,428,366 6/1995 Eichenlaub ....... .. . 345/102

4,946,260 8/1990 Fujimura et a1. . .. 350/346 5,444,494 8/1995 Yamamoto et a1. . 348/448 4,950,058 8/1990 Diem et a1. .. 350/333 5,455,628 10/1995 Bishop ...... .. . 348/446

4,952,032 8/1990 Inoue et a1. . .. 350/350 5,457,551 10/1995 Culter et a1. 359/53 4,962,376 10/1990 Inoue et a1. . .. 340/784 5,459,495 10/1995 Scheffer et a1. . 345/147 4,964,699 10/1990 Inoue .... .. .. 350/332 5,467,138 11/1995 Gove ...... .. . 348/452

4,980,775 12/1990 Brody .... .. .. 358/241 5,471,249 11/1995 Monta et a1. . 348/445

4,982,180 1/1991 Seki et a1. .. 340/703 5,473,339 12/1995 Kanatani et a1. 345/87 4,989,076 1/1991 OWada et a1. . 358/61 5,479,188 12/1995 Moriyama . 345/149 4,991,122 2/1991 Sanders .... .. .. 364/521 5,488,387 1/1996 Maeda et a1. 345/89 4,999,619 3/1991 Te Velde ...... .. .. 340/784 5,488,389 1/1996 Nakanishi et a1 . 345/131

5,010,326 4/1991 Yamazaki et a1. .. 340/784 5,488,499 1/1996 Tanaka et a1. . 359/102 5,012,228 4/1991 Masuda etal. . 340/702 5,493,428 2/1996 Kim ............. .. 359/54 5,032,007 7/1991 Silverstein et a1. ................... .. 350/335 5,495,265 2/1996 Hartman et a1. ........................ .. 345/87

6,078,303 Page 3

5,495,287 2/1996 Kasai et a1. ............................. .. 345/89 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

;/ ?aick """"" Conference Record of 1980 Biennial Display Research 7 7 / .a a?awa 6‘ a~ / Conference, 1980, pp. 177—179.

5,519,824 5/1996 LiZZi ............... .. 395/150 2‘ - - - - 5 521 727 5 1996 I b 1 359 56 Wu, 8., Neurnatic Liquid Crystal Modulator With Response 5’526’O63 6/1996 Jnaba et a '1'" “"348 7/44 Time Less Than 100ysAt Room Temperature”, Appl. Phys. 5,528,262 6/1996 1\(ZuDert eila. ...................... .. 345/151 Lett‘ 57 N0' 10, Sep' 3, 1990, pp‘ 986_988~ 5’534’884 7/1996 MC 0“? 1 et a ' """""""""" " 34g 87 Wu. 8., et al., “High Speed Neuinatic Liquid Crystal Modu 5’534’926 7/1996 05;? 6 a1‘ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' "348 485 lators”, 3rd International Topical Meeting on Optis of LCs,

7 7 / . 1 e‘ “ / Oct. 1—5, 1990, Italy, pp. 1—15. 5,534,936 7/1996 KlIIl .... .. 348/448 “ - - - 5 537 128 7/1996 K t 1 345/89 Clark, N. et al, Subrnicrosecond Bistable Electro—Optic 5’537’129 7 1996 olierclle 6 a1 " 345 90 Switching in Liquid Crystals”, Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 36, No.

7 7 / a “M7 / 11, Jun. 1, 1980, pp. 899—901. 5,546,102 8/1996 Scheffer et a1. .. 345/100 S h K t 1 “Lt N P t C1 S t-l 5550662 8/1996 B05 359/73 ayya ,' . e' a ., ae— eWs os'er oor— equenia 5’552’8O1 9/1996 F "" "3 45/100 Crystalline—Silicon LCLV—Based Pro]ector for Consumer 5’552’84O 9 1996 as 116 a‘ 348 751 HDTV”, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, SID

7 7 / S 1‘ e‘ a' 7777777 7' / 957 Digest, 1995, pp. 520_523. 5,555,035 9/1996 Mead et al. ........................... .. 348/757 2‘ - Okada, H. et al., An 8.4—1I1. TFT—LCD System for a 5,561,442 10/1996 Okada et al. ........................... .. 345/94 N _S. C U . 3 B. D. . 1 D D . ,, 5,566,010 10/1996 Ishii et a1. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 359/59 J Ote D156 1 onllglgltzer 521755 438“ lglta am nvers 7

. apan isp ay ,pp. — . 5 572 655 11 1996 T l k t l 395 788 . 5’579’O27 “$1996 521322231? 345200 PCT International Search Report (PCT/US 97/23963) 5,581,383 12/1996 Reichel et a1. 349/116 malled May 137 1998 5,583,528 12/1996 Ebihara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 345/58 PCT Internatlonal Search Report (PCT/U5 97/22000)

5,583,534 12/1996 Katakura et a1. . 345/97 malled May 13> 1998 5,583,678 12/1996 Nishino et a1. 349/118 PCT Interna?onal Search Report (PCT/US 97Q1919) 5,594,464 1/1997 Tanaka et a1. 345/94 mailed May 7, 1998. 5,598,285 1/1997 Kondo etal. 349/39 PCT International Search Reprort (PCT/US 97/21991) 5,627,557 5/1997 Yamaguchi et a1. .................... .. 345/90 rnailed May 7, 1998. 5,640,259 6/1997 Sawayama et a1. .................... .. 349/33 H. Okada, et al., “An 8.4—in. TFT—LCD System for a 5,642,129 6/1997 Zavmacky et al 345/10 Note—SiZe Cornputer Using 3—Bit Digital Data Drivers,” 5,721,597 2/1998 Kakinuma et a1. ..................... .. 349/86 Japan

U.S. Patent Jun. 20,2000 Sheet 1 0f 26 6,078,303

12 \

/////////////// ~20 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ ~26

r—/ 22 28 2 28

___-_-____—________ — — — — — — — — — — — -—--— H24

1 4: FIG. 1B


114 (116 ( llluminator

ll|uminator(s) < (e.g. Pulse)

11;) 1 18 4 L l COHtl‘lIiOQIC Electrode 117 Control ( ‘ Cover Glass Electrode \103 Driver 111

l 1 Liquid Crystal -/106

‘- 101

112> Pixel Electrodes /\ 104 A

Clock Control ‘ Pixel Driver Logic V102 Logic T

Pixel Dis la Data In ut T> P V p 117

Intensity “ (I)

125

127 129

f l > V=0 VB VOD Voltage

(V) Electro-optic L e for

Normally White Liqc Crystal

FIG. 2B


151 / Vce I

t2

FIG. 2C

160 /

Tlme

5 VB —> I

VLC 9': vB __——>l:<- VLC

FIG. 2D

U.S. Patent Jun. 20, 2000 Sheet 4 0f 26 6,078,303

/ 200

Display "Old" Pixel Data from Last Subtrame of Prior Frame of Display Data \/

l Set Cover Glass Voltage (VCG) (e.g., Apply First Control V) to Alter State of LC (Liquid Crystal) so that Old Pixel Data is Substantially Not Viewable (e.g., Display \/

Frame is Momentarily Driven Dark-Even if Pixel Data is Still Stored on the Pixel Electrodes)

l Load Next Data onto Pixel Electrodes (Row by Row of the Electrodes) for First Color 205 Subtrame for Current Frame While Holding VCG Substantially at a V so VLC 2 VB \J

(to Keep Display Dark)

l Release VCG (e.g., Apply Second Control V) to Alter State of LC so that Loaded Next Data for First Color Subtrame is Viewable on Display (it All Rows of Display joa Have Been Loaded Before Releasing VCG, then the Display Appears to Update

Simultaneously for the Whole Frame)

+ 210 Display First Color Subframe \/

l Set VCG (e.g., Apply First Control V) to Alter State of LC so that Data for First 212 Color Subtrame is not Substantially Viewable (Even if Pixel Data for First Color J

Subtrame is Stored on Some Pixel Electrodes)

l Load Next Data onto Pixel Elctrodes for Second Color Subtrame for Current \514

Frame While Holding VCG at a V so VLC is Substantially at VB

l Release VCG (e.g., Apply Second Control V) to Alter State of LC so that Loaded 316

Data for Second Color Subtrame is Viewable on Display

V

To Fig. 38

FIG. 3A


From Fig. 3A

l

Display Second Color Subframe J

l Set VCG (e.g., Apply First Control V) to Alter State of LC so that Data for Second 220 Color Subframe is not Substantially Viewable (Even if Pixel Data for Second Color J

Subframe Remains Stored on Some Pixel Electrodes)

l Load Next Data onto Pixel Electrodes for Third Color Subframe for Current Frame J

while Holding VCG so that VLC is Substantially at V3


. J Data for Third Color Subframe for Current Frame is Viewable on Display

+ 226 Display Third Color Subframe \/

+ 228 Repeat Steps 204-226 Again for Next Display Frame J

FIG. 3B


42 [5

Display "Old" Pixel Data from Last Subframe of Prior Frame of Display Data and 427 While Displaying, Load Data for First Color Subframe of Next Frame into Pixel \/

Buffer of Each Pixel

l Set Cover Glass Voltage (VCG) (e.g., Apply First Control V) to Alter State of LC (Liquid Crystal) so that Old Pixel Data is Substantially Not Viewable (e.g., Display 429 Frame is Momentarlly Driven Dark) and for Each Pixel Load Buffered Data for

First Color Subframe from Pixel Butter onto Pixel Electrode

V

Release VCG (e.g., Apply Second Control V) to Alter State of LC so that Loaded Next Data for First Color Subframe is Viewable on Display (if All Rows of Display \531 Have Been Loaded Before Releasing VCG, then the Display Appears to Update

Simultaneously for the Whole Frame)

V

Display First Color Subframe and While Displaying the First Color Subframe, Load 53 Data for Second Color Subframe into a Pixel Buffer of Each Pixel

l Set VCG (e.g., Apply First Control V) to Alter State of LC so that Data for First 435 Color Subframe is not Substantially Viewable and for Each Pixel Load Buffered J

Data for Second Color Subframe from Pixel Butter onto Pixel Electrode

V

Release VCG (e.g., Apply Second Control V) to Alter State of LC so that Loaded \4/37 Data for Second Color Subframe is Viewable on Display

V

To Fig. 48

FIG. 4A


From Fig. 4A

l

Display Second Color Subframe and While Displaying the Second Color Subframe, 439 Load Data for Third Color Subframe into a Pixel Buffer of Each Pixel \/

V

Set VCG (e.g., Apply First Control V) to Alter State of LC so that Data for Second 441 Color Subframe is not Substantially Viewable and for Each Pixel Load Buffered —/

Data for Third Color Subframe from Pixel Buffer onto Pixel Electrode


Data for Third Color Subframe for Current Frame is Viewable on Display

l Display Third Color Subframe and While Displaying the Third Color Subframe of 445 the Current Frame, Load Data for the First Color Subframe for the Next Frame J

into a Pixel Buffer of Each Pixel

l Repeat Steps 429-445 Again for Next Display Frame J

FIG. 4B


[- 500

Display "Old" Pixel Data from Prior Frame of Display Data _/

li Set Cover Glass Voltage (VCG) (e.g., Apply First Control V) to Alter State of LC (Liquid Crystal) so that Old Pixel Data is Substantially Not Viewable (e.g., Display 304 Frame is Momentarily Driven Dark-Even if Pixel Data is Still Stored on the Pixel

Electrodes) li

Load Next Data onto Pixel Electrodes (Row by How of the Electrodes) for Current Frame While Holding VCG Substantially at a V so that VLC is at V3 (to Keep ‘5/06

Display Dark) l

Ftelease VCG (e.g_., Apply Second Control V) to Alter State of LC so that Loaded Next Data for Current Frame is Viewable on Display (it All Rows of Display Have 508

Been Loaded Before Releasing VCG, then the Display Appears to Update Simultaneously for the Whole Frame)

Display Current Frame j 0

+ 12 Repeat Steps 504-510 for Next Display Frame 3

FIG. 5


653 655 \ Capacitance to

Row Select Wire — 654 /—:: Common

Electrode 656/‘ 552

| ] Pixel ,\ 651 Transistor E'ectrode

' 657

_-|_ ___/Other __ Ca acitances

Data Wire T p

667 \ Capacitance to

Select 668 ?zz Common Electrode

Pixel Electrode A 661

Data Wire ' 669

666 663 _|_ _./Other _ __ Capacitances

Select 665

FIG. 6B

675 . / Vs

ROW S9|9Ct Wire 671

676 _/ l / 574 Driver 672 ? | | Pixel

F Transistor F Electrode

/:_ I: Data Wire 673 JT -: J

FIG. 6C


Pull-up __/ 689 Signal

687 Row Select /

Wire I | I I _/ 684 681

‘l l l l 685

686 / Pixel

Electrode Data Wire

Pull-Down Signal ’\ 683

688

FIG. 6D


/ 402 Voltage

f PUISG f ( Common Electrode

VMaX ___________ .._ ___________ __ _ 404

-------- ——§—- —---—\7-—-—-406 Pixel Electrode -------- - - - 3

Voltage V1 V2

VMin —————————————————————————— — -

l

| Tlme | 401 / l

V|c f 405

UV _________________________ _ _TiEe

Time

FIG. 7A


410

\- Common Electrode Voltage

Reset Pulse -/ 401a

Time

Voltage

PiX9| VMax

Pixel VMin ___'_________________ _________

FIG. 7B

461 f

462

TLC

Time t2

FIG. 7C

U.S. Patent Jun. 20, 2000 Sheet 13 of 26 6,078,303

Voltage

Pixel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

VMax Common Electrode

Voltage 412 w

Pixe _

VMin

418 Voltage /(

Pixel ___________________ _ Ji - VMax '

Pixe VMin_ __________ __—_—l" n ________ __“__

Time

FIG. 8B


Voltage

I Reset Pulse

602 600a

_ _____________________--- 603

_______ 601 -—--------------' 602

f Reset Pulse 609

4

“\ I ~-|-|_-_- ________ _______ \ __________________

r ‘ s

601 / 604 j

FIG. 9A


4 Approx 15ms 626 q ‘I < 'l

‘ Approx 5ms ‘ ‘ 'l

\ Pixel Gray Levels -> (‘:- Approx 1ms 628 f

630 Intensity

illuminate Red illuminate Green Illuminate Blue 620 622 624

r L ?r L ?r L i

632

Drive to Drive to Drive to Time Black State Black State Black State

FIG. 9B

U.S. Patent

Segment 1—\ 831

Segment 2 832 L

Segment 3 e33 \

Jun. 20, 2000 Sheet 16 0f 26 6,078,303

/ 800

First How in Segment 804

Last How in Segment 804

/\/ 809

/ \ Partitioned Cover Glass Electrode 820

FIG. 10A


Display Pixel Data in Second Segment (e. 9., Display Portion Associated with Second Segment of Cover Glass Electrode) with First Light Component (e. g., Blue

Light) and Load Next Pixel Data in Second Color Component (e.g., Red Pixel \_/ Data) for First Segment Onto Pixel Electrodes in the First Segment and Reset First Segment to Dark (e.g., Set V061 Such That VLC in First Segment is About VB)

V

Display Pixel Data in First Segment with Second Light Component (e.g., Red Light) and Reset Second Segment to Dark (e.g., Set VCGZ Such That VLC in Second Segment is About VB) and Load Next Pixel Data in Second Color Component 1003 (e.g., Red Pixel Data) for Second Segment into Pixel Electrodes in Second

Segment

V

Continue to Display First Segment with Second Light Component and Display J05 Second Segment with Second Light (e.g, Red Light)

V

Display Pixel Data in Second Segment with Second Light Component (e.g., Red Light) and Reset First Segment to Dark (e.g., Set V961 Such That VLC in First 1007

Segment is About VB) and Load Pixel Data in Third Color Component (e.g., Green J Pixel Data) for First Segment onto Pixel Electrode in First Segment

V

Display Pixel Data in First Segment with Third Light Component (e.g., Green Light Component) and Load Pixel Data in Third Color Component (e.g, Green Pixel Data) 1009 for Second Segment onto Pixel Electrode for Second Segment and Reset Second J Segment to Dark (e.g., Set VCGZ Such That VLC in Second Segment is About VB)

it

Continue to Display First Segment with Third Light Component (e.g., Green Light 1011 Component) and Begin Displaying Second Segment with Third Light Component J

(e.g., Green Light)

V

Display Pixel Data in Second Segment with Third Light Component (e.g., Green Light) and Reset First Segment to Dark (e.g., Set v66) Such That vLC in First 1013

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