Dissertation 1new

7/27/2019 Dissertation 1new

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PARMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF

SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINEBY TAGUCHI APPROACH USING

JATROPHA BIODIESEL

Prepared By

MODI MAULIK A.

(1214MEMETH30007)

Mechanical Engineering

Department (ME-Thermal)KSV University

Guided By

Prof. Tushar M. Patel


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Contents

Introduction

Problem Definition

Objectives

Literature Review Concluding Remarks

Scope of Work

Methodology Work Plan

References


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Introduction.

In present position of the world, energy crisis due to fast

depletion of fossil fuel is main problem. Increase in fuel price day

by day, continuously growth of automobile industry, rapid growth in

individual mobility and improved living standard, continuous

accumulation of greenhouse gases are the main causes for

development of alternative fuels. Researchers are continuously

finding best alternative solution, which gives the best performance

and fuel characteristics.


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Most of alternative fuels used today are biodiesel or bio ethanol

which can be used in existing engines. The primary advantage of

this kind of fuel is that they are renewable and eco-friendly. The

various techniques for admission of fuel and mixing of alternate

fuel with diesel are required. Recently in this field, the research

work is going on to increase maximum portion of alternate fuel

in blend with diesel. With the use of alternate fuels, main issue is

modification required in IC engines. In order to reduce cost of

modification some optimization techniques must be applied. So

that efficiency and performance may not be reduced.

se of non linear techniques like Design of Experiments (DOE),

fuzzy logic and neural network are suitable to explore the


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combined effects of input parameters. The optimum operating

parameters can be determined using experimental techniques but

experimental procedure will be time consuming and expensive

when the number of parameters are in the order of 20, 30 etc.,

like in the case of IC engines. In such situations mathematical

modelling will be a very useful tool for optimizing the

parameters. Such tool is Design of Experiment. the study on

combined effects between input system parameters such as

injection pressure, load, blend proportion on the performance

and emission characteristics of CI engine was scarce and offered

a scope for this study.


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Jatropha Oil

Jatropha oil has golden yellow color and is prepared from the seeds

of Jatropha curcas. These seeds are black in colour and oval in

shape.

Jatropha oil is used as an alternative to diesel. This oil is chosen

because of its properties similar to that of diesel and mixing with

the petroleum diesel would be really easy. Due to higher cetane

number and lubricating properties, this fuel gives good

performance with any diesel engine .While analyzing the emissions

in Jatropha oil and comparing with that of diesel, all the

components in the emission got reduced drastically except NOx.


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Properties of Jatropha Oil & Diesel

Sr. No. Properties JATROPHA

OIL

DIESEL

1 Colour Golden

Yellow

Orange

2 Specific Gravity at 30 C 0.879 0.84 to 0.88

3 Gross Calorific Value (MJ/kg) 39.5 46

4 Kinematic Viscosity, CSt @ 40C 4.20 2.0

5 Cetane number 57-62 55

7 Boiling point C 286 248

8 Solidifying point C -10 -14


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Taguchi Method

Taguchi method is a simplest method of optimizing experimental

parameters in less number of trials. The number of parameters

involved in the experiment determines the number of trials required

for the experiment. More number of parameters led to more number

of trials and consumes more time to complete the experiment.

Hence, a method called Taguchi was tried in the experiment to

optimize the levels of the parameter involved in the experiment.

This method uses an orthogonal array to study the entire parameter

space with only a small number of experiments.


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Cont...

Taguchi method uses a parameter

called signal to noise ratio (S/N) for

measuring the quality characteristics.

There are three kinds of signal to

noise ratios are in practice. Of which,

the lower-the-better S/N ratio was

used in this experiment because this

optimization is based on lower SFC.Flow chart of the Taguchi method


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Problem Definition

The AIM of this experiment is to optimize parameter which gives

maximum performance for mechanical efficiency and brake

thermal efficiency and reduction in Specific Fuel Consumption. For

achieving result, there is required number of experiments which

gives results in the form of set of parameter. This set of parameter

give different performance with reduction in different fuel

consumption. From this sets of parameters, there must be choose

set of parameters.


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Parameter Directly/Indirectly affected

on the Performance of Engine

Compression Ratio

Engine Speed

Engine Load

Inlet Air Temperature

Injection Pressure

Delay Period

Injection Advance Angle

Fuel Temperature

Type of Combustion Chamber

Types of Nozzle


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Objectives

To meet the Project objective Taguchi method of Optimization is

used and the effects of parameters i.e. Injection pressure, Blend

Proportion, Compression Ratio & Engine Load are taken as

variable for optimization. As the experiment required

simultaneously optimization of four parameters with five levels

and find optimum set of data for reducing the Break Specific Fuel

Consumption and Emission of Engine.


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Literature Review

1) M Nataraj, V P Arunachalam & N Dhandapani [June2005]Optimizing diesel engine parameter for low emission using Taguchi

method:variation risk analysis-Part I- from this observed that Taguchi

method was found to be an efficient technique for quantifying the effect of

six engine design and operating parameters on exhaust emissions. at 40%

Max. Work & 80% Max. Work CO,HC and smoke emission was mostly

affected by injection control pressure, start of injection timing, nozzle spray

holes, piston to head clearance. CO,HC and smoke emission results obtained

from the confirmation experiments using the optimum parameter

combination showed excellent agreement with the predicted results.


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2) R.Prakash, R. K.Singh, and S.Murugan [December2011]

"Experimental Studies on a Diesel Engine Fueled with Wood Pyrolysis Oil

Diesel Emulsions - from this observed that the combustion duration decreases

with DEE addition. Percentage increase in the brake thermal efficiency was

6.34, 9.5 and 9.3 for WPO diesel emulsion, WPO diesel emulsions with 2% and

4% DEE respectively, which is higher than diesel fuel operation. The exhaust

gas temperatures of different WPO diesel emulsions are lower than diesel fuel

operation. the percentage reduction in NO emissions was 19.21, 28.38 and 34.81

for WPO diesel emulsion, WPO diesel emulsions with 2% and 4% DEE

respectively. The CO emissions of WPO-diesel emulsions are slightly higher

than diesel fuel due to reduction in gas temperature. The hydrocarbon emissions

increases by 14.28% and 7.14% for WPO diesel emulsion and with 2% DEEaddition whereas, HC emissions decreases by 28.57% for WPO diesel emulsions

with 4% DEE addition. WPO can be used in the diesel engines in the form of

fuel emulsions along with some ignition improver addition.


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3) N. Balajiganesh & B.Chandra Mohan Reddy[2011]

" Optimization of C.I Engine Parameters Using Artificial Neural- from this observed

that a Single Cylinder Four Stroke Compressed Ignition Engine was operated successfully

using the sunflower oil and diesel blends as fuel. The following conclusions are made

based on the experimental and trained results. The Specific fuel Consumption for Blend20

is less when compared to diesel and all other blends over the entire load range for

experimental results. Where as for Trained Results Specific fuel consumption for the

blends 20 and 30 are low when compared to all other blends and diesel over the entire

load range.The efficiencies such as Brake Thermal Efficiency, Indicated Thermal

Efficiency and Mechanical Efficiency values for blend 20% is more than dieseland other

blends over the entire load range. Where as for Trained Results the efficiencies values for

blend 20% and 30% is more than diesel and other blends over the entire load range. The

Volumetric Efficiency for diesel is more thanall the blends over the entire load range in

both experimental and trained results. The Maximum value of error between experimental

and theoretical values is 0.084757 and the Minimum value of error between experimental

and theoretical values is -1.67E-11


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4) Anant Bhaskar Garg, Parag Diwan, Mukesh Saxena [May2012]

"Artificial Neural Networks based Methodologies for Optimization of

Engine Operations - from this observed that ANNs are suited for

formulating objective functions, evaluating the specified engine performance

indices with respect to the controllable engine variables and thus deriving

the engine calibration correlations. They are computationally efficient for

optimization requiring hundreds of function evaluations. Neural network

requires better understanding of system dynamics or data capture for better

results. Neural networks architectures, combinations of networks, and

different algorithms play an important role on the performance. Real-time

operation and mapping of complex, non-linear and dynamic patterns in

engine operations are challenges to be met in to-daysengine development.

There is a need to use ANN as a performance critical tool that saves cost and

time in developing new models and methodologies for overall engine

management.


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4) Anant Bhaskar Garg, Parag Diwan, Mukesh Saxena [May2012]


Engine Operations - from this observed that ANNs are suited for

formulating objective functions, evaluating the specified engine performance

indices with respect to the controllable engine variables and thus deriving

the engine calibration correlations. They are computationally efficient for

optimization requiring hundreds of function evaluations. Neural network

requires better understanding of system dynamics or data capture for better

results. Neural networks architectures, combinations of networks, and

different algorithms play an important role on the performance. Real-time

operation and mapping of complex, non-linear and dynamic patterns in

engine operations are challenges to be met in to-daysengine development.

There is a need to use ANN as a performance critical tool that saves cost and

time in developing new models and methodologies for overall engine

management.


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5) K. Sivaramakrishnan1 and P. Ravikumar2 [April2012]

"PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF KARANJA BIODIESEL

ENGINE USING TAGUCHI APPROACH AND MULTIPLE

REGRESSIONS- from this observed that The Taguchisapproach analysis

has been carried out for optimizing the performance of karanja biodiesel

engine. The various input parameters have been optimized using SNR.

Based on this study, it can be concluded that BTHE, BSFC and Emissions of

diesel engine depend upon biodiesel blend, compression ratio, nozzle

pressure and injection timing. The results of this study revealed that almost

identical combinations of engine parameters give optimum multiple

performances for engine. It was found that a diesel engine operating at a

high compression ratio -17.9, high pressure 230 bar, Injection timing of 27

bTDC, Biodiesel -diesel blend B30. And Brake power-3.64 Kw achieves the

optimum engine performance. The results are well supported by the findings

of our confirmatory test..


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6) P.Suresh Kumar, Ramesh Kumar Donga,P.K.Sahoo[August2012]

"EXPERIMENTAL COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN

PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS OF JATROPHA BIODIESEL ANDDIESEL UNDER VARYING INJECTION PRESSURES- from this

observed that Brake thermal efficiency improves as the fuel injection

pressure is increased for the JSVO at full load. AS the fuel injection pressure

increases the brake thermal efficiency decreases for diesel at full load. In

case of JSVO, CO emissions starts increasing as the angle further increased

to 25 BTDC The CO2 emission of JSVO increases gradually as the advance

angle of fuel injection is increased up to 23 BTDC The NOX emission isdecreasing in the case of JSVO with increase in advance angle fuel injection

up to the angle of 23 BTDC at all load conditions but the NOX emission

starts increasing as the angle is further increased to 25 BTDC


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7) Mukesh kumar Bunkar, Nitin Shrivastava, Vipin Shrivastava

[August2012] - " Experimental Investigation of Performance Parameter of

Diesel Engine Operating On Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) - from

this observed that the performance of MTBE blended diesel fuel are

evaluated for signal cylinder direct injection diesel engine. It is concluded

that the brake thermal efficiency of MTBE blends are is decreased by

varying load and brake specific energy consumption of diesel engine are

increased as the blends are increased in diesel.


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8) D.Appanna , G.Venkateswara Rao, G. Vijaya rao[Jan2013]

"Experimental Investigations on diesel engine using Neem oil methyl ester

- from this observed that Neem Oil Methyl ester blend N20 shows thebetter performance compared to other blends (N10and N30) in the sense of

better performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, brake specific

fuel consumption and decrease emission parameters like oxides of nitrogen

and carbon monoxide and increased carbon dioxide. Hence due to the better

performance N20 is taken as optimum blend and can be used as substitute for

diesel.


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8) D.Appanna , G.Venkateswara Rao, G. Vijaya rao[Jan2013]

"Experimental Investigations on diesel engine using Neem oil methyl ester

- from this observed that Neem Oil Methyl ester blend N20 shows thebetter performance compared to other blends (N10and N30) in the sense of

better performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, brake specific

fuel consumption and decrease emission parameters like oxides of nitrogen

and carbon monoxide and increased carbon dioxide. Hence due to the better

performance N20 is taken as optimum blend and can be used as substitute for

diesel.


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9) Hifjur Raheman*, Prakash C Jena and Snehal S Jadav, [2013]

" Performance of a diesel engine with blends of biodiesel (from a mixture

of oils) and high-speed diesel- from this observed that The fuel properties of

biodiesel obtained from the mixture, MSO, were found to be within the limitspecified by the biodiesel standards ASTM D 675103, DIN EN 14214, and

BIS 15607. The fuel properties of biodiesel blends approached those of HSD

with a decrease in concentration of biodiesel in the blends. BSFC and EGT

of the 10.3-kW diesel engine when operated with biodiesel blends as

compared with HSD at different engine loads were found to increase by

2.49% to 5.62% and 4.44% to 5.2%, respectively, whereas BTE was found to

decrease by 1.48% to 3.22% with an increase in biodiesel concentration in

the fuel blends. Among the two fuel blends tested, B10 had lower mean

BSFC (287.29 g/kW h) as well as EGT (308C) and a higher mean BTE

(21.87%). With an increase in engine load, the BSFC decreased, whereas

both EGT and BTE increased for all the fuels tested. However, BTE for all

biodiesel blends as compared with HSD was reduced on average by 2.09% at

full load, and it was further reduced to 3.41% at 20% engine loading due to

higher losses.


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Cont...

The CO and HC emissions of the diesel engine when operated with biodiesel

blends as compared with HSD were reduced by 10.97% to 21.16% and

38.76% to 47.6%, whereas NOx emissions increased by 5.57% to 11.45%.Based on the performance (minimum increase in BSFC and EGT and with

lesser reduction in BTE) and emissions (minimum reduction in CO and HC

and minimum increase in NOx), biodiesel blend B10 was selected for long-

term use in diesel engine. Lower concentrations of all heavy metals (such as

Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Mg, and Al, except for Mn and Ni) in the lubricating oil of

diesel engine were found inB10- fueled engine as compared with those in

HSD-fueled engine. This could be due to the lesser friction of engine

components because of additional lubricity and higher viscosity of the B10

blend as compared with HSD.


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10) Prasad.D , G.Venkateswara Rao , Kiran Kumar. K [Jan2013]

" Experimental Investigations on four stroke diesel Engine by Using Mahua

Oil Methyl ester as a Biodiesel - from this observed that Mahua Oil Methylester blend M30 shows the better performance compared to other blends

(M10 & M20) in the sense of better performance parameters like brake

thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and decrease emission

parameters like oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide and increased

carbon dioxide. Hence due to the better performance M30 is taken as

optimum blend and can be used as substitute for diesel.


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11) Maharaja Gasti , M. C. Navindgi [Jan2013]

" Comparative Experimental Investigation Of Performance And Combustion

Characteristics In A Single Cylinder Thermal Barrier Coated Diesel Engine

Using Diesel And Castor Biodiesel - from this observed that that 20% blend

of castor biodiesel in diesel fuel has almost same mechanical efficiency, same

specific fuel consumption and same indicated thermal efficiency and also see

that there is slight increase in brake thermal efficiency which is a positive

sign with this blend. In case of peak pressure we can see that there is almost

same pressure as that of diesel fuel. So we can conclude that without any

modification in engine we can save diesel fuel for certain extent without any

compromise with standard performance and combustion characteristics and

in future castor biodiesel can be a best alternative fuel which can replace the

diesel..


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Cont...

There is increase in parameters like brake thermal efficiency, mechanical

efficiency and brake mean effective pressure and there is decrease in specificfuel consumption, volumetric efficiency and fuel consumption which can be

observed in comparative graph. There is also increase in peak pressure which

higher than that of biodiesel with normal engine. We can conclude that the

C20 with LHR shows same graphs as compared to D100 this blend is best

suitable for an engine.


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Concluding Remarks

After observing literature review concluded that, now the growth of population is

increasing day by day and the demand of energy and petroleum product is also

increasing day by day, we have limited amount of petroleum product so for getting

energy and petroleum product, have to find out the other option like alternative fuel that

can be used and get energy from it. So researcher are trying to to find out the best

alternative fuel for usage. Diesel Engine is developed For diesel as a fuel. When trying

to find out to get higher performance from that engine must have to do modification on

engine. When used alternative fuel as a blend with diesel than there must have to do

optimization of parameter which one directly or indirectly effect on the performance of

the engine. And from above survey researcher were taken various alternative fuel as a

blend and optimize the parameter which affect on the performance of the engine and

done optomization of that parameter by different method of optimization.


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Scope of Work

In this experiment parametric optimization of single cylinder diesel

engine for jatropha biodiesel it is required number of experiment

and makes work time consuming and protracted. This method

minimizes the effect of control factor which will not optimize in the

testing. Hence Taguchi method will be used to optimize diesel

engine control parameter for jatropha oil. And performance

comparison between diesel and biodiesel.


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Methodology first of all experimental set up is developed to close the objective and it

contains single cylinder diesel engine.

Take the Measurement using diesel fuel at different load condition and

measure the exhaust emission of same load.

Parameter which are taken for the optimization.

Compression Ratio.

Engine Load.

Injection Pressure.

Blend percentage.

Take the Measurement using bio-diesel fuel at different load condition and



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Cont... Compare the performance of engine while using diesel and diesel blend as a

fuel.

Parametric optimization by Taguchi Approach.

Comparison and analysis of performance by taguchi approach and

experimental observation.

Result and conclusion.


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Methodologyfirst of all experimental set up is developed to close the objective and it

contains single cylinder diesel engine.

Take the Measurement using diesel fuel at different load condition and


Parameter which are taken for the optimization.

Compression Ratio.

Engine Load.

Injection Pressure.

Blend percentage.

Take the Measurement using bio-diesel fuel at different load condition and



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Monthly activity July

2013

Aug

2013

Sept

2013

Oct

2013

Nov

2013

Dec

2013

Jan

2014

Feb

2014

Mar

2014

Apr

2014

May

2014

June

2014

Topic Selection

Problem

Definition

Literature survey

Selection of Parameter

Experiment with

Diesel

Experiment with

Biodiesel

Parametric

Optimization

Result and

Discussion

Thesis Writing

Submission &

Defense

Work Plan


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References

1)M Nataraj, V P Arunachalam & N Dhandapani [June2005] - Optimizing

diesel engine parameter for low emission using Taguchi method:variation

risk analysis-Part I- Indian Journal of Engineering & Material Sciences.

Vol.12,PP. 169-181.

2) R.Prakash, R. K.Singh, and S.Murugan [December2011]-"Experimental

Studies on a Diesel Engine Fueled with Wood Pyrolysis Oil Diesel

Emulsions - International Journal of Chemical Engineering and

Applications, Vol. 2, No. 6,PP. 395-399.

3) N. Balajiganesh & B.Chandra Mohan Reddy [2011]-"Optimization of C.I

Engine Parameters Using Artificial Neural - International Journal of

Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (IJMIE),, Vol. 1, No. 2,PP. 76-824)Anant Bhaskar Garg, Parag Diwan, Mukesh Saxena [May2012]


Engine Operations - International Journal of Scientific & Engineering

Research, Volume 3, Issue 5


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Cont...

5)K. Sivaramakrishnan1 & P. Ravikumar2 [April2012] "PERFORMANCEOPTIMIZATION OF KARANJA BIODIESEL ENGINE USING TAGUCHIAPPROACH AND MULTIPLE REGRESSIONS- - ARPN Journal ofEngineering and Applied Sciences. Vol.7.No.4,PP. 506-516.

6)P.Suresh Kumar, Ramesh Kumar Donga,P.K.Sahoo[August2012]

"EXPERIMENTAL COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PERFORMANCEAND EMISSIONS OF JATROPHA BIODIESEL AND DIESEL UNDER

VARYING INJECTION PRESSURES- International Journal of EngineeringSciences & Emerging Technologies. VOL. 3, Issue1,PP.98-112.

7)Mukesh kumar Bunkar, Nitin Shrivastava, Vipin Shrivastava ,[January2013]

"Experimental Investigation of Performance Parameter of Diesel Engine OperatingOn Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) - International Journal of ModernEngineering Research VOL.2, Issue5,PP.3527-3529.

8)D.Appanna, G.Venkateswara Rao, G. Vijaya rao Donga,[January2013]"Experimental Investigations on diesel engine using Neem oil methyl ester -International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and DevelopmentVOL.1, Issue3,PP.604-612


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Cont...

9)Hifjur Raheman, Prakash C Jena and Snehal S Jadav G.[2013] "Performance of a diesel engine with blends of biodiesel (from amixture of oils) and high-speed diesel - International Journal ofEnergy and Environmental Engineering ,PP.1-9

10)Prasad.D , G.Venkateswara Rao, Kiran Kumar. K [Jan-2013]"

Experimental Investigations on four stroke diesel Engine by UsingMahua Oil Methyl ester as a Biodiesel - International Journal ofEmerging Trends in Engineering and Development . VOL. 1,Issue3PP.624-631.

11)Maharaja Gasti 2 M. C. Navindgi [July-2013]" Comparative

Experimental Investigation Of Performance And CombustionCharacteristics In A Single Cylinder Thermal Barrier CoatedDiesel Engine Using Diesel And Castor Biodiesel - InternationalJournal of Engineering Research & Technology. VOL.2, Issue7,PP.503-511.


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