DISTANCE: The distance your car travels while you make a T …il01001099.schoolwires.net/cms/lib6/IL01001099/Centrici… · · 2013-11-27UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, ... Chapter 5: natural

UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12

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Unit 4 Chapters 5, 6, & 12

NAME: ___________________________________ HOUR: ___________ DATE: _________ NO: ______

Chapter 5: natural Laws and Car Control

GRAVITY- Is the force that pulls all things to Earth.

UPHILL DRIVING- Gravity will __________your car down when going uphill, unless you use extra

power.

DOWNHILL DRIVING- Gravity will ______________your speed going downhill unless you control it.

T=P+RT+BD Factors that affect them

Perception time: The length of time

you take to identify, predict, and

decide to slow.

1.____________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________

Reaction Time: The length of time is

takes for you to execute your action

1.____________________________________________

2.____________________________________________

3.____________________________________________

Braking Distance: The distance your

car travels from the time you apply

the brakes until you stop.

1.____________________________________________

2.____________________________________________

3.____________________________________________

4.____________________________________________

5.____________________________________________

6.____________________________________________

7._____________________________________________

TREAD and TRACTION

Tread- The grooved surface of a tire that grips the road.

Allows ___________to flow through the ________________ and away from the __________.

This action allows the tire tread to cut through the water and _________ the road.

TOTAL STOPPING DISTANCE: The distance your car travels while you make a

stop.

T = P + RT + BD

Total Stopping distance = Perception + Reaction Time + Braking Distance.


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Chapter 6: Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers

Steering Straight Forward

1. Hands in a comfortable, _________________ position at 9 & 3. 2. Look ahead into your intended path of ____________________________.

Steering Straight Backwards

Driving backward involves knowing __________ to look and how to control your direction and speed. Before backing, make sure your ________ __________ are clear. Follow these steps: 1. Hold the brake pedal down and ________________________. 2. Turn your body to the ____________ and put your __________ arm over the back of the

__________________ seat. Look back through the rear window. 3. Put your left hand at the top of the steering wheel at the 12 o’clock position. 4. Release pressure on the brake just enough to allow the ____________ to creep backward

__________________. 5. While looking back through the ___________________, move the top of the steering

wheel in the ___________________ you want the _______of the vehicle to go.

6. Keep your foot over the brake pedal while your vehicle is moving backward. _____________quickly to the front and side to check traffic. Continue to look back through the rear window as you brake and stop.

STEERING YOUR VEHCILE

Using the Chart in your book on page 98 and the information provided below to describe TOTAL STOPPING DISTANCE.

T=P+RT+BD Road Conditions = Clear and dry Traveling speed = 45 MPH

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________


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SIGNALING

Signaling???? What’s the point???

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

When making a left or right hand turn in a business or residential district, a

continuous signal to turn must be given……..

No less than _________ feet before turning!!!!!

If your turn signals or brake lights are not working

below are the proper hand signals to use to

communicate your intentions to other roadway users.

Hand Over Hand Steering

To straighten the wheel you can either relax your grip on the wheel to let it slide through your hands or unwind the wheel using the hand over hand process.

Hands in balanced 9 & 3

position

Start pulling down with

the left hand & up and

over with the right

Release the left and cross it over

the right, and continue pulling

down.


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Making Turns: Depends on steering control, speed control, and good visual habits. Make sure to make a left or right turn only after checking all traffic. Take these precautions when executing turns:

Look for pedestrians and oncoming vehicles, check ________ _______ for vehicles about to pass you.

Plan turns well in advance. Be in the _________ ________ about one block before your turn.

Obey all traffic signs, singles, and roadway markings. Remember you must __________________________________traffic when you are turning left.

Making Left and Right Turns


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Steps or making a right turn

Steps for making a left turn:

Begin turning the wheel just before the front of the car reaches the

center of the intersection

Begin turning the wheel when your vehicle’s front

bumper is even with the curb line.


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Turning the Vehicle

Around

Turnabouts: Turning your car around to go in the _______________________ direction. All turnabouts are maneuvers.

Take these precautions when making a turnabout.

1. Be sure local ______ permit the turnabout (check for signs) 2. Select a site with at least 500 feet of visibility in each direction. 3. Do not make a turnabout near hills or curves or within 200 feet of intersections. 4. Never attempt a turnabout in heavy high-speed _______________. 5. Continually check all zones for traffic and pedestrians.

MIDBLOCK U-TURN: Make sure state laws permit this type of turn. You need a wide space to make a U-turn. This is because you have to cross several lanes traffic to execute it.

Steps for making a midblock U-turn: On a 2-way road.

1. Check your front and __________ ___________ , signal right, pull to the far right, and stop.

2. Signal left and move toward location #. 3. Check front and left-rear zones, check left blind spot, turn sharply left and move

toward location 3. Don’t stop if you have enough space to complete the turn. 4. Move slowly to location 4, check all zones, and straighten out your wheels while you

accelerate gently into the proper lane.


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U-Turns

Three-Point Turnabout

This is high risk because you must cross traffic lanes and are stopped across traffic lane.

1. Check front and rear zones. Signal right and stop close to the curb. 2. Search front and rear zones (including over your left shoulder). Signal left, turn wheel sharply

to the left and move to location 3 before hitting the curb. Once there straighten wheels. 3. Check all zones for traffic, turn wheels sharply right while backing slowly to location 4. Back

only as far as necessary to complete the maneuver and before hitting the curb. Stop with your wheels straight.

4. Check all zones for traffic, signal left, then move slowly forward while steering left toward location 5 and on your way!!!


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Define the vocabulary below in your own words. These words can be found on page 119 in

your book.

VOCABULARY (Pg. 119) DEFINITION

Reference Point

__________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

Standard Reference Point

__________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

Personal Reference Point

__________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

Parking


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Angel Parking

Steps to follow in completing Angle Parking:

1. Check for traffic and pedestrians Position vehicle at least six feet from the row of parked cars.

Signal a right turn, check traffic to the rear, and begin braking.

2. Check your right blind spot and continue braking.

3. Creep forward until you can see the center of the space without your line of sight cutting across

the parking line. Turn your wheel sharply to the right and slowly enter the parking spot.

4. Straighten the wheels when you are centered in the space. Make sure your front bumper is even

with the curb or parking line.

Perpendicular Parking – Use when parking at a right angle to the curb.

Steps to follow when completing perpendicular parking:

1. Position your vehicle at least 8 feet from the row of parked vehicles, or as far left of the parking

spot as possible.

2. Signal a right turn, check your right blind spot, and begin to brake.

3. Check traffic to the rear, and continue braking.

4. When your front bumper passes the left rear taillight of the vehicle to the right of the empty

parking space turn your wheel sharply to the right. Check your right-rear fender for clearance.

5. Straighten your wheel when you are centered in the space.

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=images+of+perpendicular+parking&view=detail&id=762802ED3053C14E0D08B41D5C411A327E7BF0C1&first=1


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Parallel Parking

Prior to parallel parking,,,,,

1. You use parallel parking to park your vehicle parallel to the curb. 2. You want to select a space that is 5-6 feet longer than your vehicle. 3. During your maneuver, the front of your vehicle will swing far to the left. 4. Check over your left shoulder to be sure this needed space is clear.

Steps to Follow When Completing Parallel Parking:

1. Flash brake lights, and signal a right turn. Stop two to three feet away from the front of the vehicle

with the two rear bumper even. Shift to Reverse, look back over your right shoulder, and back

slowly as you turn right.

2. When the back of your seat is EVEN with the rear bumper of the front vehicle, straighten the

wheels.

3. When your front bumper is even with the front vehicle’s back bumper, turn your wheels sharply

left.

4. When your vehicle is parallel to the curb, straighten your wheels and stop.

Steps to Follow When Leaving a Parallel Parking Space:

1. Back straight slowly until your rear bumper almost touches the vehicle behind. Turn wheel sharply

to the left.

2. Signal left turn. Check your left blind spot.

3. Check the right-front corner of your vehicle for clearance.

4. Turn your wheels to the right when you are halfway out of the parking space. Scan zones and then

proceed into traffic lanes.


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Uphill Parking with NO CURB

1. Pull as far off the roadway as possible. Turn the wheel to the

right (this is opposite from uphill WITH a curb)

2. Shift to park and set the parking brake.

3. When leaving the parking space, let the vehicle creep backward

while straightening the wheels. Signal and check traffic. Shift to

drive, and accelerate into traffic.

Uphill Parking with a Curb

1. Position your vehicle close to the curb. Just before stopping,

turn the steering wheel to the left.

2. Shift to neutral; let the vehicle creep back until the back of the

right-front tire gently touches the curb.

3. Shift to park, and set the parking brake.

4. When leaving the parking space, signal, check traffic, and

accelerate into the lane of traffic.

Downhill Parking With and Without a Curb

1. Position your vehicle close to the curb

and stop.

2. Let the vehicle creep forward slowly

while turning the steering wheel

sharply to the right. Let the front-

right tire rest gently against the curb.

3. Shift to park, and set the parking brake.

4. When leaving check traffic and back

short distance while straightening the

wheels. Signal, check traffic again, and

shift into drive.


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Chapter 12: Driving in Adverse Conditions

Reduced Visibility

Whenever visibility is reduced drivers need more time to use the IPDE Process.

You can maintain a safe intend path of travel by……..

Slowing down to give yourself _____________________________.

___________________ in and around your ________ of travel to the target

area to identify hazards.

________________ others will make maneuvers into your _____________ path

of travel.

_______________ where to position your vehicle ahead of time with extra space

around it.

Sun Glare

Can create severe and

blinding conditions.

Sun glasses and a sun

__________ can help.

Driving with low-beam head

lights on all the time will help

other _______________ see

you.

The brightest day will create

the darkest shadow, with

severe glare situations behind

you, so be ______________

for other drivers to miss

seeing your signal or even

seeing your vehicle.

Visibility While Driving


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Headlights

Use _________________ headlights to look beyond your headlights for important

information.

Only use high beam headlights when vehicles are MORE than _____________ in front

of you.

Use low-beam headlights in snow, heavy rain, or fog.

Using high-beam headlights will ___________ more light back into your eyes as a

result, you will see less.

Make sure to use your ____________________ headlights when you are driving in the

rain.(Most states require your low-beam headlights to be when on using your wipers).

During_________ use your _____________________day or night.

RAIN WHILE DRIVING:

When rain _________________________, it mixes with dust and oil on

the road. This mix can make the road very slippery.

HYDROPLANING: When a tire rises up on ________ of water and

no longer has ___________________ with the road.

How to Avoid Hydroplaning

Reduce Speed

Use properly inflated tires with good

________.

When driving at a low speed through

water, apply ____________________

pressure with your left foot while the

right is still on the accelerator. This builds

friction/heat on the brakes pads.

Reduced Traction


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SNOW and ICE

SNOW: If possible, do not drive in extreme weather conditions.

DRIVING TECHNIQUES: Gentle acceleration, steering, and braking are keys to vehicle control in snow.

ICE:

Ice on Bridges:

_____________ Roadways tend to freeze before other roadway surfaces. Cold air _________________ above and below the roadway on bridges and overpasses.

Black ice

Forms in _________________________. Be extra careful for this type of ice in winter situations.

Ice in tire tracks

Snow can pack down into ice in the normal driving tracks. Avoid this by moving a little to the right in lane position

Can you think of other road types that might

interfere with traction while driving?

1._______________________________________

2. _______________________________________

3. _______________________________________

Remember breaking distance will

always ______________________ in

low-traction situations. Slow early and

then be ready to slow even more.


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Over- Braking Skid

If your vehicle doesn’t have an antilock brake system

(ABS) and your over-brake the wheels may stop or lock

up while you are still moving. To correct this release

your brake pedal enough to get your wheels rolling.

Does your family car have ABS?

Front-Wheel Skid: When your steering wheel and

your vehicle wants to slide straight ahead.

To correct this you need to regain traction for

steering. You do this by:

1. _______________ the accelerator or brake

pedal pressure.

2. Quickly _________ and release the brake

pedal to slow if your vehicle does not have

ABS

3. Continue to look and steer at the path of

travel you want to follow.

SKIDDING

In extreme traction situations, your tires may lose all or part of their grip on the road.


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OTHER ADVERSE WEATHER CONDISTIONS

HOT WEATHER

COLD WEATHER

Your temperature light gauge indicates when your engine is too hot. When this happens turn off your ____________________________. You can also cool your engine by turning on your heater.

Never remove the ________________ cap on a hot engine because the hot liquid inside can scald you.

Carbon monoxide gas is created when your engine runs.

If you are stuck in snow with your engine running, make sure your _________________________ is not blocked.

Ice or slush stuck to the underside of your vehicle can ____________________your parking brake when you park your vehicle.

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DISTANCE: The distance your car travels while you make a T …il01001099.schoolwires.net/cms/lib6/IL01001099/Centrici… · · 2013-11-27UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, ... Chapter 5: natural