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Distinguished Lecturer Online (DLO) Web Event
Sponsored by
Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Programwww.spe.org/dl
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Unlocking Ten Trillion Barrels of Global Oil Shale Resources - The State of the Industry
Khosrow BiglarbigiINTEK, Incorporated
Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Programwww.spe.org/dl 2
3
Poll Question
What is your job title?
4
Poll Question
Who is your employer?
5
Poll Question
How many years of experience do you have?
6
Poll Question
What geographic region are you from?
7
Demand For Liquid Hydrocarbon Worldwide
Year
Mil
lio
n B
arre
ls P
er D
ay
Source: IEA 2012
30% Increase
8
Global Liquid Hydrocarbon Supply
Source: IEA, 2012
Mil
lio
n B
arre
ls p
er D
ay
Year
NGL
Oil – Existing Fields
?Future DiscoveriesOil Sands
CTL GTL
EORShale Oil
Oil ShaleHeavy Oil
Bio Fuels
9
What is Oil Shale?
RockKerogen
Pyrolysis
Upgrade
700 - 800°F
Syn- Crude Naphtha
Jet Fuel
Diesel
Nat. Gas
Hydrogen
10
10 Trillion Barrels of Shale Oil Worldwide
United States
Zaire
Russia
Brazil
Italy
Morocco
Estonia
China
Canada
France
Egypt
Australia
IsraelJordan
Countries With Oil Shale Deposits
11
Australia 32 Billion
MENA 153 Billion
Europe 120 Billion
Africa 100 Billion
Americas 6,100 Billion
Known Resources (Barrels)
Eurasia 270 Billion
Asia 27 Billion
Source: USGS, 2005* Jordan NRA, 2009
12
America’s Oil ShaleMost Concentrated Hydrocarbon Deposit
2 Trillion Barrels
6 Trillion Barrels
Source: US DOE, 2004
13
Substantial Areal Density
Source: Oil and Gas Journal, August 2004
1000
Bar
rels
Per
Acr
e Oil Shale
70 100
500
800
1,300
0
250
500
750
1,000
1,250
1,500
Alaska N.Slope Oil
Canada Oil Sands
WyomingUSA
UtahUSA
ColoradoUSA
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The Mahogany Zone
• The Most Prolific
• Up to 1000 Ft Thick
• Up to 75 Gal/Ton
Source: Redleaf Resources, 2008
15.24 Billion Barrels
Ontario 12.00
Manitoba- 1.25 Saskatchewan
Nova Scotia 1.70
New Brunswick 0.29
Source: USGS SIR-5294. 2005
Canada’s Known Oil Shale Resources
Europe’s Known Oil Shale Resources
120 Billion Barrels
Italy 73.0
Estonia 16.0
France 7.0
Belarus 7.0
Sweden 6.0
UK 3.5
Germany 2.0
Luxembourg 0.7
Others 4.5
Source: USGS SIR-5294. 2005, USGS GSC 523, 1966, Cokorilo 2009, and Gulbay 2007.
Asia’s Known Oil Shale Resources
292 Billion Barrels
Russian Federation 248
China 16
Uzbekistan 8.4
Turkmenistan 7.7
Thailand 6.4
Kazakhstan 2.8
Myanmar/Burma 2.0
Armenia 0.3
Mongolia 0.3
Source: USGS SIR-5294. 2005, USGS GSC 523, 1966, Sawannathong 2007, and Nummedal 2009.
MENA’s Known Oil Shale Resources
155 Billion Barrels
Jordan 90.0
Morocco 53.0
Eqypt 5.7
Israel 4.0
Turkey 2.0
Source: USGS SIR-5294, 2005 and Verson 2006.
Southern Africa’s Known Oil Shale Resources
100 Billion Barrels
Congo 100
South Africa 0.1
Madagascar ---
Sources: USGS SIR-5294. 2005,Hunt 2007, and Catuneanu 2005
Australia’s Known Oil Shale Resources
32 Billion Barrels
Australia 31.7
New Zealand ---
Sources: USGS SIR-5294. 2005,Uranium, Oil & Gas Limited 2008, and Resmex Plc 2005
South America’s Known Oil Shale Resources
82.4 Billion Barrels
Brazil 82.0
Argentina 0.4
Chile ---
Sources: USGS SIR-5294. 2005
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Oil Shale Production ProcessesOil Shale Production Processes
Mining Retort UpgradingResource Refinery
Surface ProcessSurface Process
Drilling Heating UpgradingResource Refinery
In-Situ ProcessIn-Situ Process
Source: US DOE, 2004
Choke Point
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Shell In-Situ Conversion Process
Source: US DOE, 2008
High Value Products
Being Tested in JordanBeing Tested in Jordan
Light Surface Processing
HEATER
PRODUCER
OVERBURDEN
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Ecoshale In-Capsule Technology
Source: Redleaf Resources, 2008
HOT GAS
COOL GAS
Early Production System Test (Utah, USA)Early Production System Test (Utah, USA)
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Alberta Taciuk Processor (ATP)
PreheattubesVapour
tube
Combustionzone Retort
Preheattubes
Coolingzone
Oil shalefeed
750°C
500°C 250°C
Source: US DOE, 2006
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Gas Combustion / Heating Retort (GCR)
• Brazil (4,000 Bbl/d)
• China (4,000 Bbl/d)
• Estonia (6,000 Bbl/d)
• Australia (Project Scale Up)
Oil MistExtractors
Raw Shale
Spent Shale
RESIDUE COOLING
COMBUSTION
STRIPPING
PYROLYSIS
PREHEATINGMIST FORMATION
Oil MistExtractors
Raw Shale
Spent Shale
RESIDUE COOLING
COMBUSTION
STRIPPING
PYROLYSIS
PREHEATINGMIST FORMATION
RESIDUE COOLING
COMBUSTION
STRIPPING
PYROLYSIS
PREHEATINGMIST FORMATION
Source: US DOE, 2007
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Energy Return on Investment (EROI)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Oil Shale(Surface)
Oil Sands(Surface)
Oil Shale (In-Situ,
Non.Elec.)
Oil Sands(In-Situ)
Oil Shale(In-Situ)
Source: US DOE, 2007
EROI =Energyout - Energyin
Energyin
ER
OI
Oil Shale
Oil Sands
3
7
10
7
5
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“Oil shale is a local asset under global constraints.”
Klaus Brendow, Senior Advisor
World Energy Council
June 9, 2009
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Economic Price for Oil Shale Technology
Hybrid Surface Mining
Underground Mining
2007
Do
llar
s P
er B
bl
$60$62
$75Rate of Return – 15%
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$50
Source: INTEK, Inc., 2014
$80
True In-Situ
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Oil Shale Project Costs
Item Unit Range**
Capital Cost $/BPD
O&M Cost $/Bbl 20 - 42
45K-65K*
* Barrel of Daily Capacity
Source: INTEK, Inc., 2009
** Does not include Hybrid Technology
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Oil Shale Environmental ImpactsAir Quality
Oil Shale Processing
HCGas CO2 SOx NOx
• CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery• Sequestration• Other Industrial Uses
Capture and Clean Existing Technology
Process Plant Use
Source: SPE #110590, 2007
32
Land Use Depends On The Process
• 1 MMBbl/D Production for 40 Years– Surface: 30 Square Miles
– In-Situ: 15 Square Miles
• Example for 2.5 MMBbl/D Industry: – 52 Square Miles
2.5 MMBbl/d
52 Square Miles
Green River (USA)
17,000 Square
Miles
Source: SPE #110590, 2007
33
Water Requirements
• 1-3 Barrels of Water per Barrel of Shale Oil
• Challenges:–Water rights–Water availability –Water runoff–Ground water protection
Source: US DOE, 2007
34
Total Resource6 Trillion Barrels
High Quality Resource2 Trillion Barrels
Technical Recovery
1 Trillion Barrels
Reserves600 – 750Billion Bbls
The Prize (USA Example)
$50 - $65 / Bbl
@
Source: INTEK, Inc., 2008
35
Reserves Potential Worldwide
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
$50 - $65 $75 - $90 $90 - $130
U.S. Worldwide
Oil Price ($/Bbl)
Bil
lio
n B
arre
ls
0
36
Summary
• Over 10 trillion barrels of in place resource
• Conversion technologies are advancing rapidly
• Estimated reserves of up to 1.3 trillion barrels worldwide
• Oil Price is a key driver for its development
• Requires concerted effort by the private sector,
governments, and local communities
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Distinguished Lecturer Online (DLO)
•We value your input•Complete Evaluation form•Ask any question not answered during the DLO•Link on left side above “Chat box”