Distributed Wind Workshop for Federal Agencies

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Washington Marriott at Metro Center March 2, 2017 PNNL-SA-124222

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Introductions

What were you doing on March 2, 2002 (15 years ago today)?

What are you hoping to learn today?

Agency

Name

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Background

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Agenda

What is Distributed Wind? Wind Power Basics What makes a site suitable for a distributed wind project? What are the key factors for a cost-effective distributed wind project? What are the key factors needed for a distributed wind market? Networking Break Certification and the importance of using proven technology Case Studies FEMP Technical, Contract, and Procurement Support Industry Panel Distributed Wind Data Wrap up / Feedback

What is Distributed Wind? Project Types

David Schulz Jeff Lederman / Minnesota

Pollution Control Agency Stephen Mellin / Cape Cod AFS

Lauren Powell / One Energy LLC Jake West / Van Wall Energy Weaver Wind Energy

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What is Distributed Wind? Behind the meter and local vs. wind farms

Wind Farm Behind the meter

What is Distributed Wind? Installed Capacity

Distributed Wind Capacity by State 2003-2015 Cumulative

Distributed Wind Capacity by Turbine Size

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What is Distributed Wind? Benefits

Distributed generation Resiliency and energy security Reduce transmission bottlenecks

Displace high or rising energy costs Multi-purpose land use Meet renewable energy goals and mandates

Executive Order 13693 DOD 25% by 2025 (10 USC 2911) DOD 3 GW goal by 2020 (AF, Navy, Army)

Roy Rakobitsch / Windsine Inc.

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Wind Power Basics Power

Wind Turbine Power (P) = ½ * ρ * A * V3

P = power (Watts) ρ = air density (kg/m3) A = rotor swept area (m2) V = wind speed (m/s)

Wind speed is important!

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Wind Power Basics Energy

Need a consistent wind resource to produce energy reliably.

Wind Energy kWh = Power (kW) x Time (hr)

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Site Suitability Micro-Siting

Wind resource assessment User-friendly tools are limited Wind resource maps

Siting rules of thumb Site a small wind turbine a minimum of 30 feet higher than obstructions within 500 feet. Trees will grow, but the tower never will!

http://apps2.eere.energy.gov/wind/windexchange/windmaps/

Site Suitability Built environment and rooftops

Toja Silva 2015

Simulation of wind flow around a

building

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Built Environment and Rooftops Example: NASA Johnson Space Center

Dave Jager / NREL

Estimated Monthly Generation: ~100 kWh Actual Monthly Generation (March 2015): 0.11692 kWh Cost: ~$100,000 Payback: NONE

Not recommended!

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Key Factors for a Cost-Effective Project Consumer Perspective

Wind resource at your site Project Economics

Installed costs Financing costs and taxes Yearly O&M Cash incentives (grants or rebates), tax credits, net metering benefits Wind energy production Electricity rate and avoided cost of electricity

From the items above, determine cost-effectiveness

Internal rate of return (IRR) Payback period Net Present Value Levelized cost of energy

Cost-Effective Project Example

Low Class 2 wind speed = ~ 5 m/s at this hub height

windpolicytool.org

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Cost-Effective Project Example

Low Class 3 wind speed = ~ 6 m/s at this hub height

windpolicytool.org

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Key Factors – Beyond Cost-Effectiveness

Due diligence on manufacturer’s business practices, history, and relationships with installers and O&M service providers Clear responsibilities and provisions for regular operations & maintenance (internal and external) Stakeholder buy-in

On-site, internal to agency, and other relevant agencies The public / surrounding community

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Key Factors for a Distributed Wind Market Market Perspective

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Key Factor Wind Resource

Preliminary analysis. See published report for final graphics, data, and methodology.

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Key Factor Wind Resource

Preliminary analysis. See published report for final graphics, data, and methodology.

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Key Factor Retail Electricity Rate

Preliminary analysis. See published report for final graphics, data, and methodology.

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Key Factor Retail Electricity Rate

Preliminary analysis. See published report for final graphics, data, and methodology.

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Key Factor Policy Environment

Preliminary analysis. See published report for final graphics, data, and methodology.

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Key Factors Where do these three factors meet?

Preliminary analysis. See published report for final graphics, data, and methodology.

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Key Factors Where do these three factors meet?

MW

2003-2015 installed

distributed wind capacity

Preliminary analysis. See published report for final graphics, data, and methodology.

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BREAK

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Certification

What is Certification? The formal process through which an independent organization performs conformity assessment of a product to established criteria in industry standards

Why is it Important? Certification helps prevent unethical marketing and false claims, ensuring consumer protection and industry credibility Allows for apples-to-apples comparisons for consumers Consumer can be individual or agency (public funds) Funding agencies and utilities have greater confidence that wind turbines installed with public funds have been tested for safety, function, performance and durability and meet requirements of consensus standards Some incentive programs only fund certified turbines

Federal investment tax credit (ITC) Interstate Turbine Advisory Council (ITAC) list

U.S. Framework for Turbine Certification Previous DOE Investment to Establish Technical Quality Assurance

Bergey Windpower Excel 6 SWCC 9920 kWh 47.2 dB(A) 5.5 kW

Bergey Windpower Excel 10 SWCC 13,800 kWh 42.9 dB(A) 8.9 kW

Eveready Diversified Products

Kestrel e400nb SWCC 3,930 kWh 55.6 dB(A) 2.5 kW

Kingspan Environmental

KW6 SWCC 8,950 kWh 43.1 dB(A) 5.2 kW

Osiris Technologies Osiris 10 Intertek 23,700 kWh 49.4 dB(A) 9.8 kW

Pika Energy T701 SWCC 2420 kWh 38.3 dB(A) 1.5 kW

Sonkyo Energy Windspot 3.5 Intertek 4,820 kWh 39.1 dB(A) 3.2 kW

Sumec Hardware & Tools Co

PWB01-30-48 Intertek 2,920 kWh 41.1 dB(A) 1.2 kW

Sumec Hardware & Tools Co

PWA03-44-48 Intertek 6,400 kWh 40.9 dB(A) 3.2 kW

Sumec Hardware & Tools Co

PWB02-40-48 Intertek 4,660 kWh 36.9 dB(A) 1.7 kW

Sumec Hardware & Tools Co

PWA05-50-280 Intertek 9,240 kWh 42 dB(A) 5 kW

Xzeres Wind Corp 442SR SWCC 16,700 kWh 48.5 dB(A) 10.4 kW

Xzeres Wind Corp Skystream 3.7 SWCC 3,420 kWh 41.2 dB(A) 2.1 kW

Certified Small Wind Turbine Model Ratings

Courtesy of Interstate Renewable Energy Council

Standards

Test Facilities

Certification Bodies

International Harmonization

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Defined Wind Turbine Standards

Defined Standards: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) - IEC 61400

IEC 61400 ed. 2. Wind Turbines - Applies to all wind turbines and defines the general framework for certification IEC 61400-2 ed.2 Small Wind Turbines - Specific considerations for small wind turbines

AWEA 9.1 – Small Wind Turbine Performance and Safety Standard Applied to turbines ~16 m (52 ft) rotor diameter or about 65 kW rated (200 m2 swept area) Towers and foundations are not part of the scope Applies for both vertical and horizontal-axis turbines

Other National Standards Many countries have their own small wind turbine standards Reciprocity rules allows turbines tested to other country standards to apply to the US, but they should still get a domestic certification

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Key Elements of International Standards

Areas covered by the standards: Performance Testing Acoustic Sound Testing Safety, Function, and Strength Duration Test

Includes both: Design reviews (to ensure structural designs) Operational testing Independent review by industry experts

Endurance X-35 preparing to be tested for certification

Photo from EWP, NREL 39504 30

Turbines in the Built Environment

Wind turbine standards assume specific conditions relating to the conditions of the wind in the proximity of the turbine that are important for loads analysis, noise, and safety. In many cases, turbines installed in the built environment have wind conditions outside of what is stated in the standards. Even if you use a certified turbine, you may be using it at a location outside of what the standards were designed to consider.

Tom Hursley

Mike Van Bavel

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Small Wind Certification Example

Case Studies

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Case Study: Iowa Farm

Energy-intensive facility Rural, isolated community USDA REAP funding

Jake West / Van Wall Energy

Wind’s small footprint and high energy generation can be ideal for remote or high energy demand sites, such as waste treatment plants and military installations.

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Case Study: National Wildlife Refuge

Green construction and energy FEMP supported

Wind energy to support a facility’s sustainability goals.

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Case Study: DOD ESPC

Three ITAC-listed turbines Two at Fort Buchanan One at nearby Army Reserve site

Energy Savings Performance Contract Two turbines at Fort Buchanan are working Turbine at Army Reserve site is not working

Land ownership, stakeholder buy-in, and maintenance issues

Jose L. Lopez / USAG Fort Buchanan Public Affairs Anibal Negron-Rodriguez

Stakeholder buy-in and defined ownership and champions needed.

Other Government Distributed Wind Examples

TVI Group Bergey Windpower

Northern Power Systems

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Distributed Wind Workshop

Rachel Shepherd Renewable Energy Program Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) March 2, 2017

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FEMP’s Renewable Energy Procurement and Technical Teams

Rachel Shepherd FEMP, Renewable Energy Program Manager rachel.shepherd@ee.doe.gov 202-586-9209

Andy Walker NREL, Principal Engineer andy.walker@nrel.gov 303-384-7531

Emma Elgqvist NREL, Engineer emma.elgqvist@nrel.gov 303-275-3606

Tracy (Logan) Niro FEMP, Renewable Energy Procurement Program Manager tracy.niro@ee.doe.gov 202-431-7601

Chandra Shah NREL, Senior Project Leader chandra.shah@nrel.gov 303-384-7557

Gerald Robinson LBL, Sustainable Federal Operations gtrobinson@lbl.gov 510-486-5769

Mike Warwick PNNL, Senior Engineer mike.warwick@pnnl.gov 503-417-7555

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FEMP’s Renewable Energy Program (Technical)

FEMP’s Renewable Energy (RE) Program partners with key individuals to advance sound renewable energy investments for federal agencies, yielding a cost-effective, reliable, efficient energy infrastructure that promotes the nation’s energy independence.

Project Assistance

•Provide technical assistance for renewable energy projects that save energy costs, enhances federal agencies’ mission, and yields reliable and efficient energy systems.

Guidance and Reporting

•Provide reporting assistance and document best practices and success to federal agencies on their renewable energy projects.

Tools and Training

•Provide on-demand training on technical renewable energy content with information, best practices, and lessons learned

•Provide case studies, data, cost calculators, and analysis tools on renewable energy technologies and projects.

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Statutes and Executive Orders for Renewable Energy

Energy Policy Act 2005 • Defines

renewable energy (RE)

• 7.5% RE electricity by 2013 and beyond

EISA 2007 • Net zero carbon

by 2030 • 30% solar hot

water

Executive Order 13423 (2007) • At least half of

RE must be new (<1999)

Executive Order 13514 (2009) • 20% carbon

reduction by 2020

Presidential Memorandum 2013 • 20% RE

electricity by 2020

Executive Order 13693 (2015) • 30% RE

electricity by 2025

• 25% clean energy by 2025

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Statutes and Executive Orders for Renewable Energy

Energy Policy Act 2005 • Defines

renewable energy (RE)

• 7.5% RE electricity by 2013 and beyond

EISA 2007 • Net zero carbon

by 2030 • 30% solar hot

water

Executive Order 13423 (2007) • At least half of

RE must be new (<1999)

Executive Order 13514 (2009) • 20% carbon

reduction by 2020

Presidential Memorandum 2013 • 20% RE

electricity by 2020

Executive Order 13693 (2015) • 30% RE

electricity by 2025

• 25% clean energy by 2025

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Federal Government’s Progress Toward Renewable Electric Energy Goal

3.4% 4.2%

5.3% 5.8%

7.2%

9.2% 8.8%

8.3%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

10.0%

11.0%

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

RE a

s a P

erce

ntag

e of

Fac

ility

Ele

ctric

ity

Rene

wab

le E

lect

ricity

(MW

h)

Fiscal Year

Federal Government Renewable Electricity Use

Agency Owned (On-Site) Bonus Credit for On-site Renewable Energy (Direct)

Bonus Credit for On-site Renewable Energy (REC Replacement) Electricity Purchases and Agency Owned (Off-Site)

REC Purchases (Off-Site) Percentage Towards Goal

FY15 RE Electricity Goal

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Renewable Electric Energy by Source in FY15

49%

19%

9% 8%

8%

7%

RENEWABLE ELECTRIC ENERGY BY SOURCE IN FY15

Wind Solar Photovoltaic Wood and Wood Residuals

Incremental Hydropower Biogas (Captured Methane) Other

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On-Site Renewable Electric Energy by Source in FY15

13%

44%

10%

15%

18%

ON-SITE RENEWABLE ELECTRIC ENERGY BY SOURCE IN FY15

Wind Solar Photovoltaic Wood and Wood Residuals

Incremental Hydropower Biogas (captured methane)

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On-Site Project Implementation Process

Phase 1 Initial Renewable

Screening/Identification of Project

Phase 2 Form a Strong Project

Team

Phase 3 Project Validation

Phase 4 Procurement

Phase 5 Construction and

Performance Period

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FEMP Renewable Energy Procurement and Technical Assistance

FEMP provides renewable project implementation assistance, including the following:

Initial Project Identification

• Initial screening of site or agency to prioritize opportunities

•Desktop or on-site feasibility study to establish economic and technical feasibility of a project

Form a Strong Project Team

•Establish a multi-disciplinary team

• Identify external experts

•Facilitate meetings

Project Validation

•PPA legality •Approval

requirements •Project size •Other project

considerations

Procurement

•Acquisition planning

•RFP development & distribution

•Pre-proposal conference

•Q&A document & amendments

•Proposal evaluation

Construction & Performance

•Design Review •Construction

assistance including monitoring of construction

•Develop O&M plans and M&V protocols

• Identify performance issues

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A resource that is focused on ESPC ESA projects* and includes the following: • Process diagram, checklist, and team responsibility chart

• Project consideration description

• Authorizing legislation and other applicable information

• Editable templates—RFP, site access agreement, acquisition plan, and source selection plan

• Separate “Technical Specifications” document

* This information is useful for other types of projects

FEMP ESPC ESA Toolkit Under Development

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FEMP Technical Assistance Portal

FEMP’s Technical Assistance Request Portal allows federal agencies to request project and procurement assistance.

https://www4.eere.energy.gov/femp/assistance/

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FEMP Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA)

• FEMP’s Assisting Federal Facilities with Energy Conservation Technologies (AFFECT) Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) provides direct funding to Federal agencies to accomplish energy change within organizations, meet energy-related goals, and provide energy leadership to the country.

• For more information:

– Website: https://energy.gov/eere/femp/federal-energy-management-program-funding-opportunities

– To sign up for FEMP email announcements: Send request to femphelp@ee.doe.gov

– Direct questions regarding 2017 FOA: FOA.AFFECT4@ee.doe.gov

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• Combined Heat and Power: An Integrated Approach to Energy Resources • Distributed-Scale Renewable Energy Projects: From Planning to Project Closeout • Federal On-Site Renewable Power Purchase Agreements • FEMP Large-Scale Renewable Energy Guide • Introduction to Alternative Financing for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies • O&M Best Practices for Small-Scale PV Systems • Procuring Solar Energy for Federal Facilities: Practical Guidance • Renewable Energy (First Thursday Seminar) • Renewable Energy Technology Applications: Biomass Technologies • Renewable Energy Technology Applications: Geothermal Energy Technologies • Renewable Energy Technology Applications: Hydropower and Ocean Technologies • Renewable Energy Technology Applications: Integration of Renewable Energy Systems • Renewable Energy Technology Applications: Photovoltaics and Daylighting Technology • Renewable Energy Technology Applications: Solar Thermal and Concentrating Solar Power Technology • Renewable Energy Technology Applications: Wind Energy Technology • Renewable Power Purchases and Renewable Energy Certificates • Selecting, Implementing, and Funding Photovoltaic Systems in Federal Facilities • Strategic Planning for Renewable Energy Deployment: REopt (First Thursday Update)

Trainings are certified for Continuing Education Credits by:

FEMP Training: Renewable Energy

http://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/federal-energy-management-program-training

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• FEMP Renewable Energy Procurement Website: http://energy.gov/eere/femp/renewable-energy-procurement-federal-agencies

• FEMP PPA Website: http://energy.gov/eere/femp/federal-site-renewable-power-purchase-agreements

• FEMP Renewable Energy Projects and Technologies: ttp://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/federal-renewable-energy-projects-and-technologies

• FEMP AFFECT FOA: https://energy.gov/eere/femp/federal-energy-management-program-funding-opportunities

• Training: http://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/federal-energy-management-program-training

• FEMP Technical Assistance Portal: ttps://www4.eere.energy.gov/femp/assistance/

• RE Cost & Performance Matrix: http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/tech_cost_dg.html

• GIS Tools and Data: http://maps.nrel.gov/femp

• REopt Platform: http://www.nrel.gov/tech_deployment/tools_reopt.html

• On-Site PV Tech Spec: https://energy.gov/eere/femp/downloads/procurement-specifications-templates-site-solar-photovoltaic-use-developing

Web Resources

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Industry Panel

Mike Bergey, President, Bergey WindPower

David McDougall, Director North American Sales, Distributed Wind, Northern Power Systems

Patrick Kelly, President, Hoss Consulting

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Distributed Wind Data

Annual data request Master project dataset

http://wind.pnnl.gov/distributedwind.asp

THANK YOU

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Contacts

Alice Orrell Annual Market Report Installed Costs PNNL

Email: alice.orrell@pnnl.gov Phone: 303-384-7021

Phone: 202-586-9209 Email: rachel.shepherd@ee.doe.gov

Phone: 720-356-1420 Email: patrick.gilman@ee.doe.gov

Ian Baring-Gould Market Potential Report Competitiveness Improvement Project Built Environment NREL

Rachel Shepherd Technical, Contract, and Procurement Support DOE FEMP

Patrick Gilman Modeling & Analysis and Distributed Wind Lead DOE WETO

Phone: 509-372-4632 Email: ian.baring-gould@nrel.gov

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Resources

PNNL Distributed Wind: http://wind.pnnl.gov/distributedwind.asp Wind Resource Maps: http://apps2.eere.energy.gov/wind/windexchange/ DOE Distributed Wind: https://energy.gov/eere/wind/distributed-wind Certified Turbine List: http://www.irecusa.org/credentialing/certified-small-wind-turbines/ ITAC List: http://cesa.org/projects/ITAC/itac-unified-list-of-wind-turbines/ NREL Built Environment Report: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf NREL Market Potential Report: https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/11/f34/assessing-future-distributed-wind.pdf The Distributed Wind Policy Comparison Tool: http://windpolicytool.org