Distribution Automation Distribution Automation –– An …energycollection.us/Energy-Distribution-Automation/SANDC... · Distribution Automation Distribution Automation ––

Distribution Automation Distribution Automation ––An OverviewAn Overview

Doug StaszeskyDirector – Product Management

Automation Systems DivisionAutomation Systems DivisionS&C Electric Company

A Little HistoryA Little History

Late 1970’sLate 1970’s–– SCADA: big computers slow & unreliable communicationSCADA: big computers slow & unreliable communication–– SCADA: big computers, slow & unreliable communicationSCADA: big computers, slow & unreliable communication–– Sectionalizers, reclosers, some loop scheme, autoSectionalizers, reclosers, some loop scheme, auto--transfertransfer

Mid 1980’sMid 1980’sSCADA t tti f t di i tiSCADA t tti f t di i ti–– SCADA: computers getting faster, radio communication SCADA: computers getting faster, radio communication advancesadvances

Early 1990’sEarly 1990’s–– SCADA SCADA –– faster and faster faster and faster –– more memory more memory –– more more

applications become availableapplications become available–– Still no true automationStill no true automation

Mid 1990’Mid 1990’Mid 1990’sMid 1990’s–– SCADA SCADA –– starting to see the next generation replacing the starting to see the next generation replacing the

oldold–– True automation debut’s on the sceneTrue automation debut’s on the scene

A Little HistoryA Little History

Late 1990’sLate 1990’sSCADASCADA sta ting to see the ne t gene ation eplacing thesta ting to see the ne t gene ation eplacing the–– SCADA SCADA –– starting to see the next generation replacing the starting to see the next generation replacing the oldold

–– Distribution automation debut’s on the scene Distribution automation debut’s on the scene –– based on based on SCADA controlSCADA controlSCADA controlSCADA control

2000’s2000’s–– SCADA applications grow significantly due to significant SCADA applications grow significantly due to significant pp g g y gpp g g y g

computer power growthcomputer power growth–– Communication makes quantum leapsCommunication makes quantum leaps–– Distributed intelligence based DA arrivesDistributed intelligence based DA arrivesDistributed intelligence based DA arrivesDistributed intelligence based DA arrives

FutureFuture–– Systems become fully integrated Systems become fully integrated –– automatic optimization; automatic optimization;

i t ti f ti t f i ti t ti f ti t f i tintegration from generation to refrigeratorintegration from generation to refrigerator

DistributionDistributionDistributionDistribution

8%8%

Gets the “watts” to the customerGets the “watts” to the customeri i ’ i fi i ’ i fBiggest impact on customer’s perception of Biggest impact on customer’s perception of

Quality of SupplyQuality of SupplyS ll t f t ’ billS ll t f t ’ billSmall part of customer’s billSmall part of customer’s bill–– Cost cutting has little overall effect on the Cost cutting has little overall effect on the

customer’s billcustomer’s billcustomer s billcustomer s bill

DriversDrivers

Market TrendsMarket TrendsUtility IncentivesUtility Incentives–– RatesRates–– Customer SatisfactionCustomer Satisfaction–– New Business DevelopmentNew Business Development

MeasurementsMeasurements

SAIDI SAIDI –– System Average Interruption System Average Interruption D ti I dD ti I dDuration IndexDuration IndexSAIFI SAIFI –– System Average Interruption System Average Interruption F eq en IndeF eq en IndeFrequency IndexFrequency IndexCAIDI CAIDI –– Customer Average Interruption Customer Average Interruption Duration IndexDuration IndexDuration IndexDuration IndexMAIFI MAIFI –– Momentary Average Interruption Momentary Average Interruption Frequency IndexFrequency IndexFrequency IndexFrequency Index

If you don’t measure it… you won’t improve itIf you don’t measure it… you won’t improve it–– Anonymous Management TruthAnonymous Management Truth

Reliability Improvement StrategiesReliability Improvement Strategies

Worst Circuit improvementWorst Circuit improvementRepeat outage improvementRepeat outage improvementSystem improvementSystem improvementCondition improvementCondition improvement

How?How?

Tactical vs. Strategic approachesTactical vs. Strategic approachesSystem Maintenance / rebuilding / System Maintenance / rebuilding / upgradingupgrading

i i S i di i S i d–– Tree Trimming; Surge Arresters; Line upgrades; Tree Trimming; Surge Arresters; Line upgrades; shield wire; shield wire;

Distribution AutomationDistribution AutomationDistribution AutomationDistribution Automation

Distribution AutomationDistribution Automation

Distribution Automation is routinely found to Distribution Automation is routinely found to b th l t t SAIDI i tb th l t t SAIDI i tbe the lowest cost per SAIDI minute be the lowest cost per SAIDI minute improvement.improvement.

DA is also the fastest path to reliabilityDA is also the fastest path to reliability–– DA is also the fastest path to reliability DA is also the fastest path to reliability improvementimprovement

Advanced Distribution Circuit Advanced Distribution Circuit R li bilit T h iR li bilit T h iReliability TechniquesReliability Techniques

SS Di t ib t dDi t ib t d HRDS OHRDS O HRDS Cl dHRDS Cl d Power Power SCADASCADA Source Source

TransferTransferDistributedDistributedIntelligenceIntelligence

HRDS OpenHRDS Open--LoopLoop

HRDS ClosedHRDS Closed--LoopLoop

Power Power Electronic Electronic SwitchingSwitching

55--60 min60 min 22--5 sec5 sec 1010--60 sec60 sec 3 sec3 sec NoNo--OutageOutage NoNo--OutageOutage

Extended Outage Extended Outage Impacts SAIDIImpacts SAIDI Spot SolutionSpot Solution Tactical /Tactical /

Tactical SolutionTactical SolutionOnly Customers Only Customers Tactical SolutionTactical Solution TacticalTacticalImpacts SAIDI, Impacts SAIDI,

SAIFI, CAIDISAIFI, CAIDISpot SolutionSpot Solution StrategicStrategic Beyond Fault Beyond Fault

ImpactedImpactedNoNo--OutageOutage Power QualityPower Quality

Autonomous Autonomous --Dispatcher Dispatcher

decision making decision making requiredrequired

AutonomousAutonomousTypically applied Typically applied for one customerfor one customer

Distributed Distributed IntelligenceIntelligence

Scalable / Asset Scalable / Asset ManagementManagement

Unlimited Units Unlimited Units --Universal Universal

ApplicationApplication

Unlimited Units Unlimited Units --Special ApplicationSpecial Application

Primary NetworkPrimary Network

UPS UPS -- 30 sec 30 sec RideRide--throughthrough

ExampleExample

A Cooperative Case StudyA Cooperative Case Study

Large RetailerLarge RetailerNot happy with reliabilityNot happy with reliabilitySystem constraints prevent “traditional” System constraints prevent “traditional” approachesapproachesAdvanced Feeder Automation used to solve Advanced Feeder Automation used to solve

blblproblemproblem

BT4

S3

T2

PrimarySource

LD1

S1 S2

LD1

AT3 T1

S1 S2

Second

LD2

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SecondAlternateSource

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S5

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FirstAlternateSource

LD3

CT6

T5

S4 Source

BT4

S3

T2

PrimarySource

LD11 5MVA

S1 S2

LD11.5MVA

AT3 T1

S1 S2

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0.75MVA

S5


0.75MVA

T6

S5

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LD30.25MVA

CT6

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LOADPrimarySource

LD11 5MVA

S1 S2

LD11.5MVA

AT3 T1

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0.75MVA

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0.75MVA

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LD30.25MVA

CT6

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PrimarySource

LD11 5MVA

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LD11.5MVA

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Second

LD2

0.75MVA

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0.75MVA

T6

S5

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LD30.25MVA

CT6

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For reference information, refer to following slidesFor reference information, refer to following slidesOrOr

Call Doug StaszeskyCall Doug Staszesky773773--338338--1000 ext 25601000 ext 2560773773 338338 1000 ext 25601000 ext 2560

REFERENCE MATERIALREFERENCE MATERIAL

The information beyond this slide is for The information beyond this slide is for your reference and will not be reviewed your reference and will not be reviewed d i th id i th iduring the session.during the session.

Value of ReliabilityValue of Reliability

The CostThe Cost

On average, every day perhaps half a million On average, every day perhaps half a million Americans lose power for over two hours Americans lose power for over two hours ––ppcosting the American economy $100 billion a costing the American economy $100 billion a year equipment upgrades, realyear equipment upgrades, real--time time monitoring, and onmonitoring, and on--site generation. site generation. (EPRI)(EPRI)

Average cost of a oneAverage cost of a one--hour outage at nearly hour outage at nearly $300,000. $300,000. (Midyear National Business Customer Assessment conducted by RKS Research & (Midyear National Business Customer Assessment conducted by RKS Research & Consulting)Consulting)

ValueValue

New Zealand Utility New Zealand Utility -- $30,000 to $100,000 $30,000 to $100,000 SAIDI i tSAIDI i tper SAIDI minuteper SAIDI minute

–– Based on combined utility cost and value to Based on combined utility cost and value to customercustomercustomercustomer

–– Based on nature of circuit/area and type of Based on nature of circuit/area and type of customer on circuitscustomer on circuits

US UtilitiesUS Utilities

US Utilities US Utilities -- $1.5MM per SAIDI minute $1.5MM per SAIDI minute improvementimprovementimprovementimprovement–– Absolute value for comparison of techniquesAbsolute value for comparison of techniques–– Based on cost to achieve one minute of improvementBased on cost to achieve one minute of improvement

Utility 1 Utility 1 -- $1.5MM per minute $1.5MM per minute –– mandate from PUC mandate from PUC to reduce SAIDI or $6MM penaltyto reduce SAIDI or $6MM penaltyUtility 2Utility 2 $1 20 per customer (approx 1 2MM$1 20 per customer (approx 1 2MM custcust))Utility 2 Utility 2 -- $1.20 per customer (approx 1.2MM $1.20 per customer (approx 1.2MM custcust))Utility 3 Utility 3 –– Started at $200k/minute Started at $200k/minute –– escalated to escalated to $1.5MM per minute as low hanging fruit picked$1.5MM per minute as low hanging fruit picked$ p g g p$ p g g pUtility 3 Utility 3 –– spent $30MM to reduce SAIDI by 10 spent $30MM to reduce SAIDI by 10 minutesminutes

What To Do?What To Do?

Feeder Automation?Feeder Automation?

Substation Automation?Substation Automation?

StandStand--Alone?Alone?StandStand Alone?Alone?

Central Intelligence?Central Intelligence?

Distributed Intelligence?Distributed Intelligence?

Automated?Automated?

Manual? (Path to full automation?)Manual? (Path to full automation?)

Pieces of the DA puzzlePieces of the DA puzzle

Voltage Voltage C t lC t l

ProtocolsProtocols

Distributed Distributed IntelligenceIntelligence

ControlControl

ProtocolsProtocols

CommunicationCommunication VAR VAR

DA Master DA Master StationStation

networksnetworks managementmanagement

Feeder Feeder automationautomation

AMRAMRSwitchingSwitching

DA ElementsDA Elements

ProtocolProtocol

C i tiC i tiCommunicationsCommunications

TrainingTraining

Maintenance / UpdatingMaintenance / UpdatingMaintenance / UpdatingMaintenance / Updating

Strategic ApproachesStrategic Approaches

L hiL hiLarge geographic areaLarge geographic areaOverall project investment is extensiveOverall project investment is extensiveProject may have several goalsProject may have several goalsProject utilizes a combination of traditional Project utilizes a combination of traditional

d “ t id th b ” hd “ t id th b ” hand “outside the box” approachesand “outside the box” approachesServes a large number of customers of all Serves a large number of customers of all typestypestypes types

Tactical ApproachesTactical Approaches

Limited to small geographic areaLimited to small geographic areaI t t i li it dI t t i li it dInvestment is limitedInvestment is limitedGoals are narrowly definedGoals are narrowly definedSpecific technological sol tionsSpecific technological sol tionsSpecific technological solutionsSpecific technological solutionsServes a limited number of critical and/or Serves a limited number of critical and/or highhigh--value customersvalue customershighhigh value customersvalue customers

Tactical DA ApplicationsTactical DA Applications

Airport AutomationAirport Automation–– Oncor, Xcel (Denver), Oncor, Xcel (Denver),

Carroll Electric; Adams CoCarroll Electric; Adams Co--opopCritical application; Security Concerns; PassengerCritical application; Security Concerns; Passenger–– Critical application; Security Concerns; Passenger Critical application; Security Concerns; Passenger SafetySafety

Xcel (Minneapolis)Xcel (Minneapolis)Xcel (Minneapolis)Xcel (Minneapolis)–– Capital DeferralCapital Deferral–– Reliability ImprovementReliability Improvementy py p


Mississippi Power Co.Mississippi Power Co.–– Casino reliabilityCasino reliability–– Reduced lossesReduced losses

E i Di t i t t B Mi iE i Di t i t t B Mi iEmpire District at Branson, MissouriEmpire District at Branson, Missouri–– SCADA solves a problem in high traffic areaSCADA solves a problem in high traffic area

Customer satisfactionCustomer satisfaction–– Customer satisfactionCustomer satisfaction

Lakeland, FloridaLakeland, Florida–– Full distribution automation tactical applicationFull distribution automation tactical application–– Full distribution automation, tactical applicationFull distribution automation, tactical application–– Foil the competitionFoil the competition


Reedy Creek Improvement DistrictReedy Creek Improvement District–– Reliability improvement at Disney WorldReliability improvement at Disney World–– Keep the customers happyKeep the customers happy

D l / C tiD l / C tiDelmarva / ConnectivDelmarva / Connectiv–– Direct monetary savingsDirect monetary savings

Better system utilizationBetter system utilization–– Better system utilizationBetter system utilization–– Customer drivenCustomer driven

Blue Ridge Electric CooperativeBlue Ridge Electric CooperativeBlue Ridge Electric CooperativeBlue Ridge Electric Cooperative–– Reliability improvement for large retailerReliability improvement for large retailer–– Advanced use of distributed intelligence to Advanced use of distributed intelligence to d a ced use o d st buted te ge ce tod a ced use o d st buted te ge ce to

maximize asset usemaximize asset use

Strategic DA ApplicationsStrategic DA Applications

Public Service Electric & Gas of New JerseyPublic Service Electric & Gas of New JerseySCADA i 1975 f li bilit h tSCADA i 1975 f li bilit h t–– SCADA since 1975 for reliability enhancementSCADA since 1975 for reliability enhancement

City of NapervilleCity of Naperville–– IntelliTEAM for reliability improvement; startedIntelliTEAM for reliability improvement; startedIntelliTEAM for reliability improvement; started IntelliTEAM for reliability improvement; started

small small –– grew to strategic implementationgrew to strategic implementationComEdComEd–– IntelliTEAM & IntelliTEAM II IntelliTEAM & IntelliTEAM II —— distributed distributed

intelligenceintelligence–– Response to 1999 heat wave reliability problemsResponse to 1999 heat wave reliability problemsResponse to 1999 heat wave reliability problemsResponse to 1999 heat wave reliability problems–– Regulatory pressureRegulatory pressure

FP&LFP&L–– IntelliTEAM II to meet regulatory challengesIntelliTEAM II to meet regulatory challenges

HighHigh--Reliability Distribution Reliability Distribution SystemSystemSystemSystem

HighHigh--speed fault clearingspeed fault clearingOpen or closed loop applicationOpen or closed loop application“No outage” operation in closed loop mode“No outage” operation in closed loop modeUp and runningUp and running–– International Drive International Drive –– OrlandoOrlando–– UCSB UCSB –– CaliforniaCalifornia–– Danvers Danvers –– VirginiaVirginia

G t T t Ai tG t T t Ai t–– Greater Toronto AirportGreater Toronto Airport

Power Power SystemSystemSystemSystemOneOne--LineLine Substation

AA

3 il3 miles

Substation B

UG Primary Network (closed UG Primary Network (closed loop)loop)loop)loop)Normal ConditionNormal Condition

Load Load Load

Source A Source B

Each loop can have any number of switchesEach loop can have any number of switchesT = 0 sec

Each loop can have any number of switchesEach loop can have any number of switches

UG Primary Network (closed UG Primary Network (closed loop) Fault Conditionloop) Fault Condition

R F F R RFFAULT

Load Load Load

Fiber Link Fiber Link

RelayRelay

Fiber LinkRelay

RelayRelay

Relay

Source A Source BFiber Link Fiber Link Fiber LinkFiber LinkFiber Link

T < .10 sec

UG Primary Network (closed UG Primary Network (closed loop) Fault Clearedloop) Fault Cleared

Load Load Load

Fiber Link Fiber Link

RelayRelay

Fiber LinkRelay

RelayRelay

Relay

Source A Source BFiber Link Fiber Link Fiber LinkFiber LinkFiber Link

T = .10 sec

Another HRDS ProjectAnother HRDS Project

UniversityUniversity–– West CoastWest Coast–– East CoastEast Coast

I l ti HRDS t tI l ti HRDS t tImplementing HRDS system to:Implementing HRDS system to:–– Support biosciences researchSupport biosciences research

Improve reliability of existing system forImprove reliability of existing system for–– Improve reliability of existing system for Improve reliability of existing system for “normal” campus load“normal” campus load

ValueValueValueValue–– Attract research (read this $$$$)Attract research (read this $$$$)

Advanced Feeder AutomationAdvanced Feeder AutomationIntelliTEAM IIIntelliTEAM IItete

Automatic fault isolation and load restoration Automatic fault isolation and load restoration Di t ib t d i t lliDi t ib t d i t lli tili i “ t ”tili i “ t ”Distributed intelligence Distributed intelligence –– utilizing “agents”utilizing “agents”Scalable, building block approach Scalable, building block approach Supports complex systems of virtually any sizeSupports complex systems of virtually any sizeSupports complex systems of virtually any sizeSupports complex systems of virtually any sizeDoes not require SCADA Does not require SCADA –– but supports integration but supports integration with SCADA systemswith SCADA systemsUtilizes peerUtilizes peer--toto--peer mesh communication networkpeer mesh communication networkSolve very specific reliability problems with tuned Solve very specific reliability problems with tuned

t ti ht ti hautomation schemesautomation schemesMaximize the use of existing assetsMaximize the use of existing assetsFastest and least expensive way to improveFastest and least expensive way to improveFastest and least expensive way to improve Fastest and least expensive way to improve reliabilityreliability

Scalable, Building Block ApproachScalable, Building Block Approach

From one switch From one switch –– to eight source line segmentsto eight source line segmentsBuild to meet any desired circuit / system configurationBuild to meet any desired circuit / system configuration

Defined asautomated switch

Simplest

Build to meet any desired circuit / system configurationBuild to meet any desired circuit / system configuration

Simplestsegment

Up to (8)switches

A “Simple” ITA “Simple” IT--II SystemII SystemA Simple ITA Simple IT II SystemII System

Key ExamplesKey Examples

Blue Ridge Electric Cooperative Blue Ridge Electric Cooperative –– North North C liC liCarolinaCarolinaEnmax Enmax –– CanadaCanadaFPL FPL –– FloridaFloridaProgress Energy Progress Energy –– FloridaFlorida

Advanced Feeder AutomationAdvanced Feeder Automation

Enmax Enmax –– Western CanadaWestern Canada

Enmax Enmax –– Advanced Feeder Advanced Feeder AutomationAutomationAutomationAutomation

Goals: Goals: –– Significantly reduce SAIDI Significantly reduce SAIDI –– Improve customer serviceImprove customer service

Minimal cost impact to customersMinimal cost impact to customers–– Minimal cost impact to customersMinimal cost impact to customers

Expected Benefits:Expected Benefits:Reduced costs from fewer serviceReduced costs from fewer service–– Reduced costs from fewer service Reduced costs from fewer service complaints/investigationscomplaints/investigations

–– Stepping stone to bring system to 21Stepping stone to bring system to 21stst century century pp g g ypp g g y yytechnologytechnology


TargetsTargets–– A multipleA multiple--year, Feeder Automation (FA) project year, Feeder Automation (FA) project

is now underwayis now underway–– Phase I (to complete in Nov 03) involves 7Phase I (to complete in Nov 03) involves 7–– Phase I (to complete in Nov, 03) involves 7 Phase I (to complete in Nov, 03) involves 7

subs, 19 feeders and 46 switches (32 overhead subs, 19 feeders and 46 switches (32 overhead & 14 underground)& 14 underground)

–– Completion will include Completion will include overover 200 switching 200 switching points and automate over 80 feederspoints and automate over 80 feeders

–– The primary requirement is automatic circuitThe primary requirement is automatic circuit–– The primary requirement is automatic circuit The primary requirement is automatic circuit reconfiguration in reconfiguration in less thanless than 60 seconds60 seconds


Key Project Requirements:Key Project Requirements:Reconfig ation inReconfig ation in ndende 1 min te on fa lt o loss of1 min te on fa lt o loss of–– Reconfiguration in Reconfiguration in underunder 1 minute on fault or loss of 1 minute on fault or loss of voltagevoltage

–– Minimum availability for each FA feeder over 99.9%Minimum availability for each FA feeder over 99.9%–– Detect UnderDetect Under--Voltage & UnderVoltage & Under--Frequency Load Shedding Frequency Load Shedding

& disable auto& disable auto--reconfiguration reconfiguration –– Station breakers must also participate in reconfiguration, Station breakers must also participate in reconfiguration,

d h ld h l h l l dh l l d hhdespite most having electrodespite most having electro--mechanical relays and 1mechanical relays and 1--shot shot to Lockoutto Lockout

–– Project to include a Communication Management System Project to include a Communication Management System ( ) bl &( ) bl &(CMS) to enable operators to monitor, interrogate & (CMS) to enable operators to monitor, interrogate & control the operation of all components in the FA System control the operation of all components in the FA System


Cost Analysis: $0.11 per month per Cost Analysis: $0.11 per month per t t id li bilit i tt t id li bilit i tcustomer to provide reliability improvementcustomer to provide reliability improvement

–– Total cost of capitalTotal cost of capital20 year life (straight line depreciation)20 year life (straight line depreciation)–– 20 year life (straight line depreciation)20 year life (straight line depreciation)

–– 8.25% cost of capital (weighted average)8.25% cost of capital (weighted average)–– Total Average Annual Capital cost / Total #Total Average Annual Capital cost / Total #Total Average Annual Capital cost / Total # Total Average Annual Capital cost / Total #

customers/12customers/12=$0.34/cust/month=$0.34/cust/monthF id ti l t f 600k h $0 11 /F id ti l t f 600k h $0 11 /For average residential customer of 600kwh = $0.11 / For average residential customer of 600kwh = $0.11 / month for automation programmonth for automation program

xx348*43 4232 3140 4341

An Installed SystemAn Installed System

4*

xx17*

8

3

118

28

2317

1635 3920*

32

xx

xx

xx

8116

11

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5

6

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9*111

112

114

22

19*33

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59

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8* xx116

114

2627

9 yyxxyyxx26

27

32xx

14*

8*Sub 36

Sub 24 Sub 39

Sub 11Sub 14117

113 7114115

112

7

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111B

111A

3

111

9

4345Legend Totals

2

xx111

44

6537

36111

Substation Breaker

Automated OverheadSwitch

Automated Pad-mount Switch

19Feeders

14Pad-mount Switches

32OverheadSwitchesSub 28 Sub 53

Automated OverheadSwitch 32OverheadSwitches

Sub 38Sub 13

Phase IIPhase II

16

12

11

10

3

15

12 11

125

10

12

8-2.23-911

JJ

14

NA13

7

4

3

12

12

10

Tiesto 8-23.19

Sub 3

1517 13 211 18

14

Tiesto 8-2.24

19

182

11

Tiesto 8-23.18

17

312

4

14

1110

11

Sub 2

21

21

14

1121

20

2818

13

2

Sub 37

11

16

12 13

Sub 20

Sub 33

11Tiesto 8-30.15

8-30.15-2 5 13HH

Sub 23

12

12

Sub 37

1821

SummarySummary

Many utilities find DA is important to their successMany utilities find DA is important to their successJustification of DA is unique to each systemJustification of DA is unique to each systemJustification of DA is unique to each systemJustification of DA is unique to each system–– Business driversBusiness drivers–– Cost driversCost drivers

O ti l d iO ti l d i–– Operational driversOperational drivers–– External driversExternal drivers

DA is not the only, but the fastest path to DA is not the only, but the fastest path to significant reliability improvementsignificant reliability improvementReliability improvement along with productivity and Reliability improvement along with productivity and capital deferment can yield significant savings capital deferment can yield significant savings -- and and p y g gp y g gincrease profitsincrease profitsIntelliTEAM II offers the easiest and fastest path to IntelliTEAM II offers the easiest and fastest path to a working automation projecta working automation projecta working automation projecta working automation project

Reliability ComparisonReliability Comparison

Manual Switching (local or Manual Switching (local or SCADA)SCADA)SCADA)SCADA)

CKT 1 CKT 2CKT 1

MANUAL SWN.C.

MANUAL TIE SWN.O.

50% cust50% cust50% fault50% fault


Segment 1 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)SSegment 2 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)Reliability Improvement100(1100(1-- 0.50.5--0.5)= 0%0.5)= 0%

Reliability improvement = 100(1-Σ(CFS1+CFS2+… CFS2 ))

Automatic Sectionalizing OnlyAutomatic Sectionalizing Only

CKT 1 CKT 2CKT 1

Auto SWN.C.

MANUAL TIE SWN.O.



Segment 1 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)SSegment 2 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)Reliability Improvement100(1100(1-- 0.50.5--0.25)= 25%0.25)= 25%

Automatic RestorationAutomatic Restoration

CKT 1 CKT 2CKT 1

Auto SWN.C.

Auto TIE SWN.O.



Segment 1 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)SSegment 2 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)Reliability Improvement100(1100(1-- 0.250.25--0.25)= 50%0.25)= 50%

Making the CaseMaking the Case

Gather DataGather Data

Cost Data ($)Cost Data ($)–– Budgetary quotes from suppliersBudgetary quotes from suppliers–– Past experience in installationPast experience in installation

Past experience in operations & maintenancePast experience in operations & maintenance–– Past experience in operations & maintenancePast experience in operations & maintenance–– “Hillbilly Windage Test”“Hillbilly Windage Test”

Benefit dataBenefit dataBenefit data Benefit data –– Objective benefits Objective benefits –– direct, demonstrabledirect, demonstrable–– Subjective benefitsSubjective benefits –– based on value structure,based on value structure,Subjective benefits Subjective benefits based on value structure, based on value structure,

open to debateopen to debate

Objective BenefitsObjective Benefits

Deferment of capital spending Deferment of capital spending -- existing existing f ilitif ilitifacilitiesfacilities–– Increase feeder apparent capacity by realIncrease feeder apparent capacity by real--time time

load balancingload balancingload balancingload balancingExtend existing feedersExtend existing feedersAvoid new feeder constructionAvoid new feeder constructionDefer new substation constructionDefer new substation construction


Defer capital spending Defer capital spending -- existing facilitiesexisting facilities–– Use conditionUse condition--monitoring systemsmonitoring systems

RealReal--time derating of equipment to defer replacementtime derating of equipment to defer replacement

–– Reduce distribution system lossesReduce distribution system losses–– Reduce distribution system lossesReduce distribution system losses“Loss reduction at the distribution system level “Loss reduction at the distribution system level provides capacity at less cost than obtaining capacity provides capacity at less cost than obtaining capacity by the construction of generation or transmissionby the construction of generation or transmissionby the construction of generation or transmission by the construction of generation or transmission facilities” facilities” ---- 1982 World Bank Study1982 World Bank Study


Reduce Operating CostsReduce Operating Costs–– Reduce real power lossesReduce real power losses–– Maintain desired power factor (penalty Maintain desired power factor (penalty

avoidance)avoidance)avoidance)avoidance)–– Implement conditionImplement condition--based maintenancebased maintenance–– Incipient fault detectionIncipient fault detectionpp

Operating Cost Benefits (Personnel, Operating Cost Benefits (Personnel, overtime, travel, vehicle)overtime, travel, vehicle)))–– Line patrol costs by fault location informationLine patrol costs by fault location information–– Crew time to identify and repair problemsCrew time to identify and repair problems–– Fault isolationFault isolation–– Voltage & Var controlVoltage & Var control

Subjective BenefitsSubjective Benefits

Quality of service (SAIDI) (SAIFI) (CAIDI)Quality of service (SAIDI) (SAIFI) (CAIDI)Customer information and satisfactionCustomer information and satisfactionSafetySafety–– Standard operator interfacesStandard operator interfaces–– SystemSystem--wide operating practiceswide operating practices

St d d t ti hSt d d t ti h–– Standard protection schemesStandard protection schemes–– Common switching & tagging proceduresCommon switching & tagging procedures

Subjective BenefitsSubjective Benefits

Objective and Subjective parametersObjective and Subjective parameters–– Computerized displays of distribution system Computerized displays of distribution system

configurationconfiguration–– Use of remote controls to perform someUse of remote controls to perform some–– Use of remote controls to perform some Use of remote controls to perform some

switching workswitching work–– RealReal--time load data for system planningtime load data for system planning–– Automated feeder reAutomated feeder re--configuration for reduced configuration for reduced

outage timeoutage timeC l t di t ib ti t d t f tC l t di t ib ti t d t f t–– Complete distribution system data for corporate Complete distribution system data for corporate useuse

Build the CaseBuild the Case

Collect cost dataCollect cost dataCollect hard dollar benefit dataCollect hard dollar benefit dataCollect soft dollar benefit dataCollect soft dollar benefit dataBuild the benefitBuild the benefit--cost modelcost model–– Limited system benefit for automating just a Limited system benefit for automating just a

littllittllittlelittle–– Benefits increase rapidly as more and more Benefits increase rapidly as more and more

automation is installedautomation is installedautomation is installedautomation is installed–– Benefits level off as additional automation yields Benefits level off as additional automation yields

little additional benefitlittle additional benefit

Financial AnalysisFinancial Analysis

Determine first month or year in which Determine first month or year in which l b fit d l tl b fit d l tannual benefits exceed annual costsannual benefits exceed annual costs

Determine first month or year in which Determine first month or year in which m l ti e benefit e eed tot l o tm l ti e benefit e eed tot l o tcumulative benefits exceed total costcumulative benefits exceed total cost

Perform sensitivity analysis on impacts:Perform sensitivity analysis on impacts:I fl tiI fl ti–– InflationInflation

–– Interest ratesInterest rates–– Cost of capitalCost of capitalCost of capitalCost of capital–– Different penetration percentagesDifferent penetration percentages–– Schedule changesSchedule changesgg

Financial AnalysisFinancial Analysis

Determine required benefitDetermine required benefit--cost ratiocost ratio–– Impact of hard and soft dollar benefits on Impact of hard and soft dollar benefits on

desired ratiodesired ratioAll hard dollar benefits may only need 1 or 1.5 to 1All hard dollar benefits may only need 1 or 1.5 to 1All hard dollar benefits may only need 1 or 1.5 to 1 All hard dollar benefits may only need 1 or 1.5 to 1 ratioratioAll soft dollar benefits may need 3 or 4 to 1 ratioAll soft dollar benefits may need 3 or 4 to 1 ratio

B fit i ith f b dB fit i ith f b dBenefit is easy with performance based Benefit is easy with performance based rates/rewards/penaltiesrates/rewards/penalties

Value SummaryValue Summary

Keep the meters spinningKeep the meters spinningO ti d tiO ti d tiOvertime reductionOvertime reductionO&M SavingsO&M SavingsDefe ed pit l e pen eDefe ed pit l e pen eDeferred capital expensesDeferred capital expensesAchieve Incentives / Avoid PenaltiesAchieve Incentives / Avoid PenaltiesVAR ManagementVAR ManagementVAR ManagementVAR ManagementCustomer satisfactionCustomer satisfactionRate caseRate caseRate caseRate caseImproved maintenanceImproved maintenanceArea/business developmentArea/business developmentArea/business developmentArea/business development

Average Customer’s Electric BillAverage Customer’s Electric Bill

DistributionTransmission

Distribution8%

Customer & G&A

3%

11%

Regulatory & Other1%

Power Generation53%

Taxes14%%

Net IncomeNet Income10%

Based on analysis of FERC Form 1 data Based on analysis of FERC Form 1 data

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Distribution Automation Distribution Automation –– An …energycollection.us/Energy-Distribution-Automation/SANDC... · Distribution Automation Distribution Automation ––