ii -& C;OJPJ^ JPRSt 5874

30 November I960

EJUJ -SOL-IA AND HIS LITERATURE

- NORTH KOREA -

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JPRSs 5S74

GSOt 5111-N

HAS SOL-YA ABD EIS LXfSRiLKJBS

f I FcllowinK are translations of articles

appearing in Ohoson MoAak (Korean Literature),

August I960j Pyongyang*!

Säillki Sit. ^MSittS,

Art!cle P.§ii®,

Ran So!.~y& and His Literature <,,«,,......,*. t.. .• 1

1

—.-

KAN S&lr-Yk MB HIS lATEMJUM

£fhB following is a traftal'ftiioa ef criticism, bj Ixm Se™p!y«H^» appearing in SSIL£;l..MS3JlB£? August 1900, Pyoagyasg?

! Looking feaek to the i.D««trioas a&v&uise a-xid, direction of j I - ' . I \ ©'»r aoeialistift realism in literature5, imdsm Korea» literature \ I ' ■ ■ '

lias «cettirc'd rcsanre;efu3 creative results with nujaero'iis pr^iKe-- ' <

rjffiribx writers, livmvGTt yrühovit hesitation!, *e sot« tike diglincr- i I " \ jisitfh&Ä position ot K«.JS S©l-~ya öSSOB^ the-ffl« This is i

I . " , , ' ! IBO* only attributed, to East Koi-ja !s esin-sistent and prolific career i

tes e,s <>*«i profess!«aal writer of f^rty yaars, aad the fact that be :- E ! j i |is seT'Ti»»; a r-eepoMibl«* position iritis the Korean Writer?,* LfttJ-sma ;

I " at- pr^sirvj.tjj Vat t© hi;s pcnrerf«! literature tk&t transcends tie i

iitstiiij of tbg p^fslj pre sent j &nd fuiiir«,? of isodens Koreas litera- !

i

Pros the early 1930'« to ih?< prossst, Has Sol-ya1» creative !

actiTÜies h&re been, linked with the 8.ch?a«ceiHe«,t of Korea/n ' 1 1

i. 1 Ilii,era,iu3ret Es is wise of the founder of socialistic realism iss 1

I . ■' >y>resa literatare* And. his creative proeess lias amplified,

! . . • |s?:ftcxai.ist reals &m in l"it*rföt\tre*

JL f'r.öös the formation of «%3.p£t! 'literary TOvesami in the 1020«

to ife constructive period of socialist -•coufflsaßist: literature: '

j of %^äaj? EmS*h'j&*B ere&tir® activity is directly affiliated' i .

frith: the vigorous straggle for . national liberation of tke

Korean people. Han Sel-ya has co&s£»i$ntly coaeeatrated oa formt

l&tiag resoitttions of central problem ©a grafejeet setters ia fals-

er eatir« wrks ilmt re lato to his period, .ted MB creative writ»

iBg is distinguished by its iaeisiv© 'direction &nA ©bserratiea of

a meir outlook'that is to coss© in tfee future»

%-

'She outstanding modor» Koreas -writer y statesman, and »oace-

maker, Ha'a Sal-yftj was horn at the tttra el* the century» The past

sixty y$&r>s of Baa Sol-ya's life *r« filled with great historical

incidents that linked this destiny of Korean people ia it® Matori-

€;»1. development «Mete ig taateujsount to several centuries in other

nations. Moreover, ve eaa sspe&fc of tfee lif® emä activity of

Har*. Sol-ya- during tMs period'in terms of the struggle of social

a»& national liberation of Korea» people* Ma» Sol-ya tras born oa

3 August 19ÖÖ» of a- second soa ia a disintegrating feudal

koaaa ia Haaä-»;|u tea, H&uekyorig South; Proyiace.

While Ms family had' feeess. oagaged in farming for generations, «ye% is

[literary qualitiesA&1so rootedAthe family* 'However ? the rapid &BB-

ItruetioR of the feudal tee Dynasty and the inflfieaee off Japaaesa

Aggression left a doap scar ©3a Ms family enTirn»^antjad^ro-wth.

I aoral&pavaafc« Ifeti Sol--j& matured &B. early age and. possessed ti*e

faculties to j-iscfge and, reas©a intelligently. :' He grew up ivith a;n

attitude of sympathy toward, the tmdter-dog and. -a sease of willful ; i

expression, of busaflistic feelings together with a, strong and pure j

ypirit of protest toward injustice» Especially* hie dlissatisf&c-

tio:a a:e«i rebellious? ideas toward the fewds-I custom of his f&aaily j i

awd the Japaisssa a-ggresgio-B 1B Korea caused hlna to barst vith j

Consötj'ueiitlyji aati'-feiuial concepts had beep deeply rooted ! * i

iß. M&B SGl-ya's imsiianistic thoughts fro?- his early youth». Also» |

bis detestation c«f4 aggressor .bad shaped ists^stroag aati-Japanese j

| fooling. Shese gentirasitts contributed, a great deal to Han So!-ya*sj [ '; f later tbinkieg process «utd creative life« ! ! i | Upon his? graduation frosj the primary school in his home-

itmra., ho eritered the First High School in Seoul at the age of 168 j

&,vA in. the third year of high school., the great social is? tic Octo-- •

bar Esvol'&tior* in Eassxa, left a d«H?p Impression upon In im« ;

Baring the 1 Merefa 1919 incidfcutj Han Sol-ys, actively pair«- j

fti^iioatoii in the ia&epa&'doacö SK«?Tea?ati.t of Korea froxa Japanese desaiH ! " j B.o.tisjs.« icoÄ'ä&d bsea imprisoned for three snositka« Kvöxrtwälly« the so j 3 J !

'historical incidents gr&d-a&Hy issprarei? Ham Bol-ya's viev of life |

I'Sfhick sclidifted his iotaxl&tios as a-ft advaJics'ii writer. Me des—

eribeg hi® s%trti:m»mtg ©f the time i» Ms "My pursuit as TS«.B and

n.'iter*' as follows;

X invariably refoukää and repulsed d*sc©ii~ .f'ol veüfcl izigB wfeo beaassa psssisaistic capli»«« ©f thoir

. eflTiroMent withest the courage to söXre the difficulties and obstacles surrounding tbaex«», I disliked oppressive «^.ifeerltarlasis as SEEHCIJ a® th<ftse» wise, blindly ebeyed. and sacrificed their opiEioa for ethers»

It is a- well kom fact- ifc&i tlse i March 1919 Incident

»tartad the rapid greets, of labor ssovessntj «wad the labor class

took the le&& in Rnti-Japeisftge stresstle for »atioasi libsr.atioiQ.'

vd« Cß «vpeföed & setr i'roBtiftr« However, the bourgeois naiio-riaiisis ! r

feared tke «sEsrgence of the lab*r class? and acclaimed the Japtm™ |

ese s3-'C;allsd !,Oili»r»X Rule" v-feich vas as. «uaticesieat* Mauy j

botirge ei s iat-eJ.2©etK&I youth trer« swept under the pure f&ferieatiem! !

öf tb« Japastes«? baiseftil ideas that ®j>se&& corrupt coaeepts«

Hass Söl~ja- could mot teesa* this sort of atmosphere* mid fee

crossiH). the border asd left for Peking in the fall of 16X9» At

that t-xmej FeMßg was kßowa for bass» of operatica for Koreans i

patriots and reTolutiosistiS isitfa North-*east CM»& tmä S£h®ngh&i j

area» Ami it %ras out o:f the direct Jurisdiction of the Japanese« i I

But Ea>i Sol-rja »over säet a- trae patriot ©# a revoliuiiomst ! j

in. Peking j althmjjrh he describes the® in his &utobioj?raphicftl !

ROTO.I "Hot Wind*" Me saw th<& miserable life of Koreans w&aderlag j ■ ■ ■ '■ i

ana the life of tha lower class Chinsas instead» In spite of Ms

©.'FÄi'sB.ess of the Inconsistencies of society, he ccvuld act disco- j

ver a solntioa to it», Couseq^entXy,. fcis so arch for the trath »si

faj.önrXftd.g€ fesea?*e intensive, fa-he r&upoaj in the» spriag ef 1901._,

HWH ft*j^» mwinWiiH»' i «""Mrrtp"»**»«'«;

j Hen Söl-ya vent to Tofayö and studied social «cieness arsd. litera- l | tart at a. uniTorsis'ly. The three year study ia Japaa foöc&ffie the

j i^r:i-siKj2; point of Ik a Sol-ya's creative life as c> devoted writer.

Hart Sol-ya fisxisbed his first uajswblighed aovel "Pioneer" in l§21j

wMöUsr arduous kardsMp J/at his spirit -»us high.«

Frois the bcgimiiagj Baa Bol-jn iirsily based Ms literary

i pursuit on real life vhich tied in ■ with' hia earaasi struggle to I

I sirK-lop his o'im ßare-er* Literary pursuit sseax't to iivs s,nd fistt

i * • " '■ for Has St* i--•?&* &it& feig later vorks reveal this cossisißat liter- ' ; s ; # i

j &rj attitude» • I ■

J In 1,984$ Jfetis: Sol-ya returned hosse to Fa.k-'eh.on.g ami taught \ \ j

at a private high school daring trMeh tins© ho ceBC©B.tra.teci. on, his | i i

I creature *rritin>>:. I I: !

s i I Iksrinp; tins period* fee publisfced. abort si.or.ies~"Tiia't Night,tS

] t;Ita,r.öi:ags!t ^StsxriSj nBaaalitj¥

?! ansi ethers« Ali'ftft'agrh ttesa -works ;

Idcseri'fosd essential aspects of social ire.f«stice-y it vas true that i 1 . . ■ " ' : jthuj "ffsre trcafc in pexxetr&iiug ~&foe problems ot the pened p^rt&s.iung.

It» the s;tntc:£l<* of »ations.] liberation önd#r the ■leadership of \ \ " ' - i

worktHS; class after the 1 M&ret 1919 Xss.0id.ej2t» Nevertheless* these I ' :

I teor'vs ■wftre the authorss earnest search of life &nä his experiences*. I

! km the prifieipic-s of hw-astiss *srhxeli -were basically in direct ooposi-i i i ft. ion to the degenerate bourgeois iiterator« of &rt~for-artrs-jsake !

pogan of the. period* They revs ale (a the author's real is»! in his

pyrv/osft and artistic method.»

J _

Of courso, the fact that Han. Sol-ya joined the '"Kapf"

literaryraoTetaent in 1025 browght Mm in close contact with ME

Bxi5.fi s-f attentio» to the class distinction of the people in the \

i cofisi'try» i }

Han Sol-ya-'s early vorfcs of human cosnpassicm and search, of j 1

beauty in life represents his ere&tire quality vhich becom» «ore

typical and brilliant with, bis cre&tir* aetiTitiea after his con- , ', |

eeionsaests of class distinction» |

Tiist is, to s&y, prior te Has Sol-ya*s life as a proletarian

•rrit^r, Mslwe for fetmanitj had bee» deeply rooted in Ms heart | j

and his avarenass of struggle 1B. lifo .bad b*en positiv«. lad j

tlase© elÄHftäits be earn© the backgr'ound «f Ms individual^ style»

As .a asatter of fact, this background of Han Sol-ya«a

iadiirMttaX style qualified Ms as a proletarian writes*;» toat the

rapid ^reewth »f laber jaoyeaeat and the ofeje'etiT® elements o*

MarxisMf-LeAiJiissB propagation teecsffia tbe true background»

Iti the «pring of .1025, Hen Sol-ya Teft Ms teaching posi-

tion £or Seoul. This period in particularly noted as the

eoarergien. point of Han Sol-yft1" entire life» It ia sot osly

b«eause 'be began to d*röte all Ma efforts to ereativ« writing

bat fescawss h.t> hecasi* & cosahat writer in the raa^c of the

i adv&neenent of the labor ncreaeat. In Seoul, Han Sol-ya beoaa»

I frieads of Cbo Hyeag-lii, Gh'oe'Se-lie» Ti Ki-yong, Song-Tang» an*

others* Meofiagiof thio grewp of pioaeero ot »»torn^^ h'.t&feiLtmw ■<ii«so™-^*«i***Ai*»'W«

if i I Kor&as literature s-t'td tmm&*r& of Koreas prolrfcarisja literatare I I I | ... I ! ! pared the road i'or a B.ev sjatörfi&tic progress &i Korean lixerawre»-] t ' I Han SöI-Tä tßol:,; an active part is tfee fersaatioa of KE.apfH' t

» I ■ in 1$255. &s a- central figure with othar eeHe&gis&s, f&ig &eeass.os ;

I I i Kfirkf:ii B.n« SOA-V>>'F, ccrurse of ©.ctaou i« him conges, ous real ass a-» s ! " ' ' i 1 ti<m el C1D.«S dirtineiiotu Ab ore allj Kais. Sol-ja reserved to fee j

i' • ! I cose a faithful raetefeor of t»fee K.crcfcsi jLsüboi* e!£ ass aavd pursued as | I i t s I f-^c'h it.» life as a writer, Rather than gxr& lip™sc:nriee to 1

! ' ! I MarTisK» tic 3Kfj.de eiJ'oria t© refers» the la-fecr class as a. writer j t ' ' ' s ' I I s-KC a sen. <>f the- labor class* f.hts hag tsees hin tasti^e &« a coa-^

i j sdstent 'srriter till today*

i B«.a Si>!-"Tß. took great pains in iivisur ihn life of a laborer! i • " . '" ■ ] ■i *.

■ a;«! ve-ßt to th-- coal ©ines of Md-fmxi i:a Mrwetnxria., Bowser,, be f I j I vaB un&h!t; to see& esETrloi'meTst there* Insteady he isade .great [

I • " * "■. ■ ! I ftifiorts in Kcesterinit Marxist 1 itorarr taeories and }?rap&räd him- j

I ■ ! i f;e3f in undoreiirmaxjjf.1: ths theories of küarxi sir. arsci Lorsinisrs. ! 1 i | ikiring ihxn poriocl, he irrote his famous criticism oti "Ifeelaratiou I V I I ' . f jj et Proletj.rias Arty" i;Gn Class Literature*!1 ami others* if

i HftTJ. Sol~-ys &ad other proletarian vrxtexrt» were engaged in

I ' 1 i critical irritiriff rather th.;m ere at ire tnfitiiia' at the titae, arid I i "- i \ ■ •■■.'.-} i iiixs cau be exolain&fi! in ima ways« j j •* | I Efirtv proletarian literature had. to destroy ifee character j I " f * iatiee ©t txnsrsieoi ?s literature tl?s.i had bee» ittßreined in. ths I

i j; Tixnari of tj;& roader,. &'R.d in order to &«velfs£ their foaudatioa

I they had t© u»it& with sharp critical aotiviti&g to crush and ex- i

| pose the", reactionary elements of bourgeois literature« la , . |

I . | v a^.ontinß tecIiKiiqwes of socialistic rea'lisja far the adraaceasent of I j ' J '- . j I proletarian literature theoretical preparation was Eeeesssiry. 7

j These factors here not only brought aboat historical i

accomplishments in döfeating the reactionary currents of boarge-

j ois literature ami prese-rvi&g fhe foundation of proletarian liter-I I ■ , 1 ! &.ry criticism of the time trat isTari&My cojatrifcated to the tormtk—S I 1 | tiois and progreaß of socialist realise in literature«- Jmd. Ha»

Sal-ya always acted. &s the ceatral figure öf this critical activi-

ty, H&a Sol~ya deelared in his wBe-deration, of. JProIetwriasi Art"

I that, "Proletarian literature mid art urnst revea.1 proletaries* am«

mas'i i&soJegy-atsd direetio»! of progressjAserrft as art outpost of the mo

I sensitive nature in the organization of proletarian societya They I i iwast exjs&se the bourgeois Iites cßßtradicti©Esfl falsehoods, ES«!

sinr.; &»& prass hard trpoa, tke earliest disorganisation of thesu

In this-straggle £«r tfee fiaal victory ef the proletariat* say o«r

sincere end consistent cemWt for literattsre &nä art grew»

Literature and art soiat cosse oxtt-tb« iiry tower aad era it-

selves and »arch e»r &s a part of the jjrcslet&ria» ws&ss«" was

Mo doubt j this , a generalized tfeel&ratio» ex **K&pfn

literary Bsoreaseat OM their position in class straggle aasl their

fighting spirit trhe» HB,B Sol-ys. took a part in it* Bat at tlie

same tirag»; it is eharacteriaed. fey H&n Soi-y&'a demonstration of g.Vg»T/wi^' MBWcMn *»(h

ri>w*^irttt 3^W.-*#*'*^, ..^r»^!*.^^ ■'■■*•■&*■' ■"*'*''',; "'''■'

& easRfc&t&a.t Eainre ant? features of & -writer of the -war/kim' class* I f " I i In fact? asosg the "Kapf" -writer», Han Sol-yals warai affect-* it

i ! tan toward 'hrmixmiA-j and life OH. one Irattd.« &.nd his protect to- ; I ' ' ' j i vrarci deforsiKfd bypaericy aad gt&cn&noy da'the other* flowed, -out as i j " " j I a fi/rhtin* purpose which, radiated vith-brilliancy a-s MB ■ae-stlwtici

| " . ' . ■ !

f quality* -A.3 ifan Sol-^a became the vanguard 02" labor class ideolorrt . ■

jj with his attributes of imsftani#m? his corabative purpose burned ■wiilxj

\ \ \ revolutionary sparkles. This turjaed Han Sol-ya into a ! \ \ rowlirtxotnjsfi» I ! I i ';! Ii^nceforth«, &a a writer, Baa .SOI-^TA TOS called a fighter f

I ' ! for Ms rsTGi-stionery Tie?r of ilte world and Ms literary quality« | I "" * I

? Af?»srw&ircts a Ha» Söl-ya, began to observe reality 1E th« «70« 1 j * ' "' * * "i \ 1 \ cf a roYolxntioaist of the labor elass;« and directly l.7Sit«*Tfttft?.:l J ! ' "|

I the bettefits cf class straggle aM revolution to literary ■work-, ! I '" ! \ In t'ho snriag of 1037» Han Sol~y& sretuxß&d to Sesoyl. Andtei

i * I halt seerc-t leeetiKgs -with CS10 MyoitBr-hi, II Ki.-yosjE', EBJ! others to I \ * i f atöxly int&ssifieti jafiasasres cf the ideolories of ^Kapf" organ!ssa- »' I * I ? ti eaa It the- tisse» revolntlonary spirit of th.® mass ¥as greatly <'

I f j ertimRood by tlie ideological and artistic tsesd of pro! «*-; tartan S

! -I l lite re/tare and art, bat "K&pf« covtld not offer satii afafttory seed«! t " ! I i I Fürihftrasore, ,r£apf" had. to unfold itself of internal conflict a.nc$ ! \ i ? foreign eletnaHts that ©acroaehc«?. the orsratds&tioa together vit'St I

i ■ f | attaaksfrostt the reactio'cary fecmrgftois literary cataps under the! I " 1

I JapMiese oppression. ' - |

SS«»-»»'*"'

I ■■■ üader these' circramat&ueeB, is September ISST, «Eapf» tr&« sya-

jtewiatically reorganised, and it adapted a lie's- Marxist platform»

lik«.:n Sß'f-yß took pos-itire aetioa dtsring the pr&seedisgs* .

i In I929s fifeort stories of superior quality ©a socialistic

irealisaa» itn&h es. *U£e of Transition." &nd «Westler" foIlo»ai i . ■

|»Fl«jodHj "A Night at the Boapdiag-henee-", and »''Artificial Waterfall *|* 1

The jsain character in ".Age of Tnuasiiiora», Cfe'asig-s'an, and".

i'imi of »Wrestler^ MyongHbö, are represe'at&tive phesssseaa of labor

class heroes' eoasciousaees of class distinction in modern Korea» 8.

lii&r&t-urc.'.' Tmj demonstrated tha conception ef labor alliance un~ ; fix,

ier the guidance of adreueed. 1'afoos* class, as* ?s&»ifested the revolw

tioaary progress of' irealitie« i» life vitk candor as a bistorie&l i

act*

Ha»' Sol-ysu depicted the life of l®h®T®ts ia his sbort story,

j"A Might at th& Board ing~hoa.se" end "Artificial Waterfall'V Bat

tftor "Age of Xraasition" and "Wäre sitter % hi« creative world tr&B

jetit-ereÄ* wonnd the condit n.« of JL&bor class« He b&caisa €i» out-

Ltanding -writer iriio lived, ib<mght, and fought with the vanguard' ef

kore-aa l&toor class

He' consciously devoted Me creative irritiag to the condition*: ■'■■.. .

of the labor class»? sot only for the recognition of leadership acti-'

|<?i ties' of the labor class Tsrhiek emerged as the leading class in the

evolutionary process bat to serve as a fighter for the labor class

uad. bewwase a trae soa of the labor class*

10

#1 ,, .„-^«■VlM1M^"[WJ'^■":7/^l'"*'■-•-■',"■1■,''^l'•|■':''''^,'*', -■"■% '" ''' ' Mv^*:i«.<w^,<wjr*!^^ «... ^

I . Above all« 1km Sol.-ya fouad a new life among the adva-need I

j .l&few el ass« aad it is: revealed in the te.ro of "V/rostler" as Myo^Ar-*

i ho portrayi»«; a fighter of the labor class« TIitröu«ffe. ISTöitw-ho*s : I ' ~ "' "" " "" ; I * ,( strong feat'ür.ss &n& rough J^£e■i feig belief ia fie rigliteo^gaegg of ;

\ hlv "wt*rk: ami bis couTiheißg disposition as a lüesber of täe Korea», I

* ( | iabö? class 'errfisldiaa-■ to tins oppression of Je,«aaese rule for the f

I ' ■ ■" " I ' gtsneess of «•;„ gtroBg revolxit.i.ons.ry irark has been, built ia Mswelf. |

{.'.-' ' i ; in spite &f its express si OK bei&isr extretsely rostraxnedj it. is oT©r- |

I . ~ ' * ! j fl-eifftd ifei'itb t-he asrtiior's; revolutionary purpose» 5 i ■ ' I j Ar«nrü<f 19S0S the acÜTity of "J£apff's beeasse mmk atore posi- t

j ' | | tire« CöJür&f5,e Kir. I).~-3uag,ß heroic struggle of erased resistance \ i " "" \ I | f fegK/itujt ils$ j&paKGse xn the 1930's ai&eeeS a aew armest resistance f 5 . S j a.io'vsnsc'xv&s piartlcu.tar.'f.yj, AB -the; revoltstxonory progress of oar ec«®-" J

{ ■ I I try. Asd iMs; fescatae the a&ainstireaia of direct issssiratiosi for tfee j

| ''Ke.pf" writers» At tße gösse time?., oppr&ssioB. by the Japanese po«~ !

I li.'Ke t&Tard l!K&,pf" bo-cruse extresa©I.y s-srere« | S J Ifedcr th«sfe circumstances* Ku« Sol-y«, engaged Mnujcalf vigo-1

si ' I ? i | :^ows^.j in er fiktive s-ssd critical activities as a vriier for tte !

\ labor class*. ' After being- e0aii»tt<u?s!y hunted doTn.br the enem** f

i 1 I xr< i.§;f.4j. he gpe-at two years i:o 0JIöB.-J-« Penitentiary behind bare |

t after i-he. ssiooad re?i»ral arrest of "Ewof« ia®s?.bers» ! I . '" " ' ! s . i | Bmrnver*, tbs harfearie tsrtere by the Japanese ami their j | 5

| i'stisdsiftti&j3. did. nut diver-t tixe wi 11. ef tlie s,o:t],\or -who '»ashed to |

i I f i-i'ire a« 0, i&XTbhfiti. sou of tho labor class» While in prison» fe© |

II

iplanned Ma first jao-rel, "3Hrilight11. , I

i After big release trim priso»f Has, Sol-ya* after a long \

iii-QKöace^ returned to his hometown aad concentrated ou creatiT© writ« ' ■ ' i

s ■ .. . ■ I <insr« He ir.iblisiieö' his rsasterpiece, •'Tirilis'ht"* arsd I'ollotyod up I i

j-wit-b short stories like MSua"j "lgoIogy!Sj, "Railway Ju»ciioa'% and

1 tethers,, Also, -upon Gorki's death, fee irrste a serious criticism i i ' ■ ■ ■ i (titled. "About Maxijs Gorki". \ \ | i Ajnottjs Ms Tor'kg» liis mover, ''Tid light" became a l''&wl-m».rk 1

I in the derelüpisent of socialist realissi in Korean literature and |

1 ja trork of saosxasaent&l statue in modern Eoreast liters.tea-©* He des-- I

i 5 I Scribed the fighting Image of a more ssattire ICoreas labor class < ? - *V».ft i Ithr<wg;li the aititw&es of the figlsters of advaaeed labor class is i ! - - * I

S&is feero. Uh«ß~sh.ik sad otters* f j ' I 1 Although., this irork had- fees», severely restrained, «».der the j

LTa.pane.se csEsorship system« the author sassee-ded remarkably i» slto-wj

fi»g the fifflitxjstg-insane of the growing Koreas, labor class of the I ! I jlSSO*«. -this prov&d the maturity sad. eadurasice to s, greater extent^

|of the author as a. revolutionist» 1 ! • i \

Eve» under the fascist eppressiem of Japanese rti.les the I | i jaatfaor bad the foresight of- national -aßd ss»eial Jibs ration of the f

feorean people fey tits revolutionary inspiratioa- of the Eoretm labor

I ' « {class that -was heightened toy the hereic armed, resistance ag&isst |

I s fUse■ J&patiese by coasr&de Idas 11-snag« He vrcfce this work with the f i i ifina conviction-of victox*y at hand; aacl with esteessed purpose* I

. iZm.s.BqV:.enilji Man SoJ~ya rebelled againgt the attacks oi -ft*

jJ&l>*ji&m rxild and their frawhileai capitalist® -srho ^ere under their

\ , i (oexrwol, and vigorously sought after roToluii <marr aaxanceiwt of !

1-, .... . " ' ' ' I hue Koreas labor class by expanding &t\& pronouncing the rpTn'luta on- I

i . " "' ! l&ry posxtxtni nl its political awareness and imxtv in the la'bo*- class*'* I - |

jiJu-cagfc the motives'of the fighting hero, Cltun-sik. «,nd oth»ri, ! I . i * . ■ s

jHe created the etaosphere of indestructibility of the fighters of j \ ' i {the Korean labor class in tb© IßSO's* ! I I I ^

OK the attar ha»d? the author ernosert the tro^RonRbl? «md I I .... ... ,..,. j

jJ.ns*«H*0.3 crijsss of capitalists under JÄoanege control ritli bora- i ling hatred xn. the characterisation of An feng-so, and others. M&

fie jmgfiiUceniXy described the do\m-f«.lI of their fate*

i , ifct the f^tisor's incessant critical per*'and Ms flo^inc«- i "° I l?a;?.s,es t-oT/'ftra "Uie iseTAtafcle destruction of hi ft -Foe. deviy^ ' ' I " "' f JfryrK his objectives on the-economic conditions of political oppor- f

b'UfUKts ot tbs tijso, Tliroyxgh his exposition of economic eo&äiironsj I ' p*n Sol-ya expoaed the true oatwre of the superficial political opi><!

|sri,n.Äists Them fcw detested, and recapitulated their process; ef dig- I r I pst^gratiAK ritk vitality* |

1 . ■ s I 'A «ft r<? sore 9 «i'i/i.1 igiit»* was filled ritfe typical characters of!

j«rp.ri<ras cUes«« of the- 1930«s iH broad perspective to the reoSitiep 1 i I pi koresu Ind that, o&ly the »ävivaced labor class -was sfole to [

I " '" i pea/!, the Äoreast revolution. He alga recognised artistioaDy tltp I I w'!t!!^ii£!fi!f..^f^brough tll^lierc# Chtro-aik, who shouldered the |

««iiMj ef ihe Korea» peopl© with pover*

| - As & p*iat*f departure £r« hi« «Twilig&t," Haa .Sol-ya.*«

Ureetive nrao becarae mtnr«, ©ad Ms -artlstiÄ «kill reached perfect?

f I S.ÖE*

in 1937, be publish®* hi« ®fcco»<4 novel' »Adolescence»" a»<i

in 1939,. ha pabliahed Ms novella »Bosse eossings.M »dJ.aaother.-noTel"

titled «First Brows.M In WMt he coaaple-tea his' awtobiograhpieal v

. . - . Besides these vorks» wider the cruel oppression of Japanese

rule, Baa Sol-^a wr©i* «neh g»s as,.- »Bewag«,» i?¥ias Ina," "Hnd,"

•4lalady tmder th* So»," "Dusk,'» and Many etbers. X^«a eoopletion.

of biß .pari te© of "lowerw which, was s«btitl*d MH«t WIäA" and pab?-

lished-after the World War II» K® v&a örgaBiasimg part three "Sun-

! Bathing* whes the historic 8#15 liberation was declare**

Although ftftev the gloomy period of Sitto-^tepanese lair *aai|

had be»» tneit«d toy ill® Japanese it had tee», a suffering period

for tte Koreas' people*- k&rdchip for writer» had. b*en wwsh greater»

Writers* «-bo fead w&pported tfee proletarian literature at «me ti« |

'cam '«it a« apo&ftONeB' for tfc» organised literature of Japan««« ■ |

rule«- It vas considered feast for coBseientioas writers te drop

their pen and lire ia retreat under the J&pasese adanißistrati on»

. -However, despite the kardÄip imrolYed, Ham Sol-ya wise had

pledged to devot« hi« life as a -writer. of the labor el&s&f had' no

alternativ« bist to eoncentrate his efforts to creative wit^^J (».vwwMawjN***«»^;*^

14

I On the oilier itandj under tbo Japanese rule at tlie begirming I

5 e'f 'World War II in the Pacific* Han Sel-ya had a strong conviction. ; r j that the liberation of Korea vas not far oft» And IK order to pre™;

1 pare f&r this jtrcct event that ■was to comcj in 1943, -sdnile lie -«'.;.■,« I i ' 1 ; cou:i:erring witb comrades, he mxn arrosted again by the Japaneso \ I ', |police and suffered or-er a, year at Iia.m~hu:ng Penitentiary, j

' These vorc sranife station of Haa So]~ya?s xiÄbeixdi:«.g fighting f 1 i •^-■irit ;»•><•]» at the sasae time3 his creative characteristics of th&

'■

\ f <jr;aaiive period, t

1 1 I IKär?MF this period« Haa Sol-ya treated tbe intoilxgentsxa ;j

las his subject based on' bis personal: experiences and life* Tbis |

i ' i HYP* of ereeäti^e trejid -ras closely related to the objectsva condi- |

ttlsjis of the titeo»

in the* Fascist o^'pregfiioB became leueh severe by tbe day» I | ' " ' ". | i the* fnviirt progress of society obliterated from lawful actions and | I ' " " ' ■ ! >, i \ a state of uuder#rormd struggle took shape» \

TMs situation tied in. iritl» tbe isHpcssiibility of artistic f 1 " ' ^ f rebirth of a eroatira tread» Howverf it -was a ssericms internci. !

f i * stru^fdö for li&n Sol-ya vho was already established as a writer' | | I j ar>4 fighter for thrs labor class to prr into the vrri tings of Ms | J " ( ( I life and. experiences deep into- the world surrounding: him» It was? {

l i la «hallersinn; struggle to reform kisself and the -world around hxm» \

i I t Han fjftl-ra wrote in »Meswirs in e Ce-l'l'&r" of ibis period &s S t ' ^ s

i i |follows« "I do not think it necessary to depict subjects from |

."i'SZl «-'-■"-■' *«*'«afB-Mrftl**!BSS*!7ä#tJ».'M» >-,;

15

ray wdrlil of experience a# fe&$ form» Only the questions as to hour

I one "walks through -this world of truth and objectivity reaj&irm as & * ! \ th>rwo a:«d or« •ultimate probXesa*" .tat! be quoted & phrase from liosto-. i " ' \ - i var«ki a» foll©Ts* MUiat is tine wiegt simple thine? that a conroson f |. ,. , j

{saß can talk aibcrat? It is about himself. Thai's flue» Tb.eK, I j I ' I j shall talk about «syseIf. *» i

j Xtr this type of remötisceaee try the carther? ire oan under«

! «t-ftTvI t-Iie reasons for his prying: the truth of life tkrotxgk. 'Ms life!

• j | experience and his mys of cöuscioKsly general!ssing1 hig tisse* |

1 As a scatter of factj Ha» Sol-ja waft actively engaged ia Ms

I iatern&l streng;! e of the forest!ve »erxod to keep tip the pace ass e. ! > Yanpi&rsL He v&a engaged in an: tmeos&prciBisiiig struggle toward all

f the iii?l"f and eossventioBal ace».©a that surrotisnied M.eu

All of his works B?«BttioH.sd above were consistent witlv: !

i his fighting parpoge« This eo&ibative purpose of Man Sol-ya proved [ j I his d«öisi"vs 'ofeservation of tlte liberation of the Korean people:

I I a.nd the -ultimate destruction of Japanese rule* His hopes were Mg:3| I ' " . 'I I even driving this uncanny situatxo»? and csssi during: tlia s;looar dark? j '"' " ' " j I BOSS of the timftj he held on to a stroke öf liglst with tenacity. j

| For exasrolej the novel' "T:ower!V was actually a "sswk where he 4

I ! mzde stt^sipis to portray the pre seist through Ms life hj tell lag

I | tiva wasip&afeable and mutes era bable conditioag of past life «sieb j

■»rera? pr&ssed up cm tlia Koreas, people by the Fascist Japanese rule» |

Therefore j in "Twer** the author readied SECC delved into tin

1'6

ffat*» of th« darfa^isa aad Krigbta««a, degirttotiofö &ad. ra&irih of tibe

Ip^wp-le vh© vere svopi under the' current of t&& Materiea* iraasfosri»--

I{?i1<&& ftf the 3'ast years of tit« feudal Yi Bfyn&siy« \

! ■' i I Ife; foraad fresh iasights for tb€ «sfear&c'teri^atiea of ll-ial.

land ffe-soBJ, ■ And this HOTC-1 «as & sort of prc-viw of tha historical'

{iraaflf orfeatl oa. of the wps aaad d<nra@, «8.« struct! oa a&et rebirth öf the

i"»%,p'iB^G* ruß«*» Espsciallv« the author's' seif-portray&l of hi» 1

i ' ■ ■ ■rsTf.ib in th« »©rsoa. of ü-kil*s description r&realedL th*s traboEdisg | j v 8

istr^iH»-Vli. iiabred in the Korea» people against oppression &.<ad «,atho- 1

Irity as a historie&l fact* To.this.ead, tfiis novel had aecotsplxghusd

Sit» m®in pwr^jfese« f . * ' f ■•• ,-Witfc, tbisj the atstbor protests«! the so-called, aflsiusii&tiotä

policy "that vas nst&l'essly forced uposr-the Korea,», people to adopt J 1

the J&pajafise vay of life* ffe® atsthor in MT©ir<&r" displayed his ut™

,Kost skill :ia the rfepietioa of the natural tee&uty of Korea, ihe , j

traditional national customs aisd mode of life? aad the ß&tioa&l J i |

l?iösxfciaier.t* The author led the readers to their realization of I I fsvgtriotie soatiEuejitn; aa& encotsraffi^d thesa urith deep t&öitghts t&at I'-' ' . • ' • ""

|3f.orean.s trill survive eves tsssdor the tyrannical J&p&Bese nale»

| '.' The 8« 15 Liberation by the great Seriet Arjay opened a BOW

Ifrostler of activity for Uim Sol-ya to cuXtiv&to .his creative

jjj&ill in Te,rio-;ts .directions«

I In the joy of repdftisg th» freedom of his mforgeiieMe-'

(fßtherl&jsd öfter 36 yoeratj and v&tehiog the GstabUskmatjitf Jtfo A « , in i IIIIIUMI'II ail "■ ■ i i ia «i n iii mi «fin ir rnr i ir f "T fTTlt""'"—*'""*"""""""*"""""''*'''"""*''8'''''"' ^wwa.jwwrtWrtwMi*^*«^™«^^

17

I rights of the people .which fee ardently desired, Has SoI-ya^elcosaedJ

I the tteirlj- fomeä Marxist--!« zriaist party that v&s headed foy lira II- } ! 5 t-i*.j;j;r snd his it'ame£ leadership» ' ' .;

' As 6 faithful son asd. a writer of the labor class» Han Sol-y^ ■ -''-I ) was bestowed 'srith a aeir honor as a son. and a writer of the Party, ; i ■ ' ■ ! i ■ s

He supported the Party's intelligent cultural policies and devoted' \ s . ' I ! vholfthßa.rtediy to its accomplishment vith all his poirer and EM.11* j

I Han Sol'-ya took, an actl.¥g part in the organization of the f

• ' i I Party's cultural group issmdiately after the 6*15 Liberation. |

lira I04S < he worked in a. responsible capacity at the formation-, of I

\ ' ! i the Central Canmtdtte« of the Korean-Writers1 League.. s

i " ' 1 ! Alsoj as a aaticmal and political aetl-srist, fee was success- } 1 ' ' ' ■ i irely elected to the Central Cossmittes of the Korean Labor Party f

I and the- Supreme Peoples' Council 'of the BopuMie* In the past, lie |

I 'held tfoe post of minister of the Böpartment of Ed«cation sn«i. C«I- j I )■ * tares and at pre sent} he is active as the Vice-sliairiöarä of the | I t I i Standing' 'Coasaittee of the Supreme Peoples' Cooacil of the Eepisbiici

1 ' I He is a! so. devoting his efforts to the great work, of world, j r

Ipaac« as ike Chairiaaa of the All Peoples1 Co;siaittee for the Pressr--! | ! ivation of Peace, and a director of the World Peace Council« ■ j | . . . I | Ears Soi~ya*s jaany-sided activities and creative -writings

j after the Liberation vere deeply related to his acMeveBiest of kis-f

I tori eel -«forks tfe.a-t confronted the Koreas people« f I I \ He stood in the jsidst of social reformation as& the creation!

i.»^i<!W.ramMiinM«>»l'«w*w«i(ma« *«a»v»^<«»«»-«w«»ijw"«n««*«~w-^«-'i^ii'--w».^wi »;W™M»WVI.I

18

S ^™ ,TB;rt|.W»-^Pll^.J^mrSfX~fii''T',^...!"ir';."''-'.''^- ■

I of a nsir siode ox life? and enlarged his iticoafpsrable focal point iaf 5 ' I * creative •yrxw.vsa;. { ■

Kan Sol-ya'trrote sbort stories, :,CoaI Mining Tw»," "Growing;

/Yiils^'s*" ö-rwl others during the democratic construction period j j " -■■■ * J

S I \p irayiRg tho heroes of the great democratic reformat!OB,, He alsoj

) portrayed oar dear leader^ coar-ade Kiss Il-sirag in. his sbort stories!

1 '-fA-iHsphai Sratxtra,.« «Blood Line," a«d others«. Ms pefolisheä short I i '

| stories, MC&pT" !rFuce5,s «Brothers e.nd Sisters,"1 aisd others which- j

|tr^ie<? tkn Hberat&rs of Korean peoples the great pec-ple of Soviet? I * j |Uttis>a? e.K subjects of international friendship» I

' 1 i !i» the creative writings of Has Sol-ya after the Liberation«,!

I I I c!>araetprist>.cff of a B.CT vorld opened fresh hxtsmxi iro».tiors of i s ' I ; ' • ■ f [■foolities, assd his ^orfes became the basic purpose ixi realizing tee J

i i jU^'OMi^t särörit-aal qualities of the rislns? irorIcei*s in the rebirth, I " ' ! f '• S I at &, »e^r lif-&* I

| The character der e I opracat of C)ifi,e-su iß "Co&l Miming TwntM ]

taml that of Ck'un-s&re in "Growing Villages» did sot only confirm | i ■ " \ f-l-.hf. iv, stories! victory of democratic reformation* but also clucids-( I ' ! |t.p{? tlb© pr^a/t meant HIT of labors' artisticai irstcations thrcnuu'lt-the j i ' "" "" ■ i i Idovolapnent ot a sew hunmi* life vhioh sprang out of tiie creative

Vs&imr class«» j

i ! | It is & well knenm fact that in a society of exploiters* } ! il&bor is 'considered irwdgery«, -The tosa.ni».g of labor becomes dif- \ fferent -wJbsn the' ^rorfcers becosse the Raster of their country»

■:*•»:."<" nMWtMv WMWtsto* wws - «w»

19

( Labor is not onlj & creation of aaaferxaliistxc gilts but a

!decisive ,ßigaificaKCS in tile spiritual life of mankind. Henceforth i . j Ut * s const dp rv>ä„ «iih<rat a?n/ doubt, tbo di stinguistaed ser~ I i" " t iviee of Gerfci iho made clear for the first' Mm in world liter- ]

ifttiäi"« the great creative power of labor class IB. \ i ^&* . , i Id is covering the ssses.ee ei' socialist view of the world for the | 5 ' 1 socialist labor class as a ne-sr man.« i ' 'i i I

'■■ TiiPT«» ere not too many writer« i?.ho reraark&My realized ifiis j t " I

»creative practise* and followed faithfully the teachings of Gorki j

Us Ha»- Uol-j&, In Ha». Sol-ya's literary works after the S#15 LiBerj

Ltien, undertones of ideas on artistic clarity persisted through i

ja tifiVf life with the poorer of tbfi creative labor class* f I j However*, this new human: growth after th6 8 »15 Liberation j , {only fct-caute possible fey the selflsss assistance of the great Soviet

1 Array aa.d their people. Beearase of this, the. list of works by Han

fS©:i~ya after the Liberation- that:., deals with: subjects of Soviet-- i ?Kor«ajs friendship occupies a proportionately greater part cf his I

:;cr<&3.ti.Te >friti.KS« And "Brothers and Sisters'1 is an--«ratstending

! Torfc ttSäcmg there» |

In this vork, the author depicts the Soviet doctor Krivelyakj

^and Ms rescue of Wos-clm wb.o had bees drafted into the Japanese ]

\ATVYY &s& suffered a 'fes&rt attack» }

I Ms.d through tfeis story, tlse author showed the wonderfral ; ffriendship reiatioa and blood ties of the people of the two countryj

W.. ft*»**»*»***«*«»»****''' «-*.-<«

20

\ ~\P tl*f ch*!.vaftteri?.a'fcion of Krivolynk, the tmtMfr reveal*«! I janperior spirit»*! virtues held by dedisated Soviet people in the

ijli'ter&iion of mankiad. vho -were educated in coiBJirtmigia» MoreOYer, 5

bla» f^l-ra T«'oie haT Icxr-clm sncces-sf^XIy develops Ids character

fafter the Liberation «».der a n»ir system» 'There is the fetilliaBcy

lof ti>& author's thoughts with-his noble taraiawis» and his tkoroagfe

sen in«? fcjnce»t c*i prol'etarisa iaterrtatirm&ii sis«

| Tao siain cre&tiTe poirer of Han Sol-ya, «.tier the Liberation

!ovf»Jv©ö around tbe depiction-, of glorified armed resistame© ** tfee

Ifnjw^ in the 1980ȣ as one of the simple of ike. Koreas people

ifffjr- trvtiiim*. This fact lyrores Kan Sol-y» as a faithlut

Ipartr'■".«* write r for the Party and the nnrolutiow* i I la -ff-eleosinp; the triumphant return of cororarjs Kim ll.-suTsg

hriih ti.K 15- illustrious years of armed resistance against the Jap™ i

Wc-i sse Isoftind. hälft,, Hft.n. SoX'-ya corapleted a great character sketch

fsif» roToreBt adsai ratios of war leafier of the Korean peopla in his

jt.pxVbe.ofo> ""The Mas» Kim IJ-ssmg" axid «Hero, Sim Il-smig!.' i ! Ami in his short stories '»Blood Lins" s/otf. "Triursphal fietera« s |be described our Leader's brilliant covtsitonaaoe as a strategist of

I &nae£ rasists.-s.tc against iii& Japanese. He also ahoireß. the

;a:n- [spiritual features of our leader vitii his' di«tinguished staiesra?

isbia on his triurmÄani return to tlie f«,tiserla».ä.

I In his novel "Strong M&nl* T&iek was -«T it ten dnrisg ttiie I

1%-ft.r isrior to the SifeeratioB of the father! aw&.? Bart SoI~ya vas able

91

|to show tke great spiritual feature« of comrade- Kim Ih-mxag -with, a j

JEW eh. wider, perspectiT©, !

! ^ i ; Above ally in "Strong; Maß" h« tviraed, his isaix«. purpose of ? :- • i iereatiog' to the cwItivatioE of a asw gene ratios, of today thai stood! i j jont for.its patriotic asad revol«tioa&ry tradition built by-{

jthe heroic partisans of Japanese resistance &nä the- -retaliation <»f ! i I jtJse Korea» psapie against the aggressors a« a spiritual weapon, wleif

Ithe leadership of comrade Kita Il~s«ng» In this way»-Han Sol-ya's

?t!C*« Strong Mass" succeeded in sho-wiug tfeo spleBclM revolutionary tra.«U~1

jticm Kith, a aioTtssg artistic Isage« la the description of cosarad

pis». Ti-Bimg &s an orgasige^ sad. leader of armed resistsztee agaiast

jJapaBöse rule, Use author depicted the deep concern of ths people. '

jthat "Seid oaly bj- the cosamranisis from various • &rc«:3es. 1 ":" " | Ho described the spiritual eo-aat«»i?.aBe?» with, tsotdag passion i . ■•

jthat transcends toe days ©f liberation. j j . nlkrwolv:td.(mintB nmm'k create something necessary eve», wb.es I

filiere is -so thing» !

BTm;re are BO^ safety ZOKSS for us. flier© is safety only in I s

gtmtssgle.

| »Has there erer feeea a r&volutioaist who fought ander adTßxH

jtageous conditions compared to that of their enemies?

| : »ReYGlntiojaiatig always fought and won under unfavorable COB-

| •iräitiös.s compared, to,- their eneades. j * *?We aitjgt unite and conquer o«r en easy, Bö thing is more feeait-»

iFftB^rt-MSfc-Wn^MB^i'

ss

n,.^.»*-»»i''«'*«»««^^wa,ÄM";'->'''*'''>':*'**''■''

Itifal th&is the feeing «f eowaerijaK a,K enoJHy»" " j ' I I "ifeosö '(T'jtäcf of lisj Il-snmg to hin partisans ire re Bet ecly f ft felea:axst E?&mf'ssi^tiüBS of Ms spiritual' world as a fassed revolution™ i " i H ^i. lyivt e e-fT-^rnliv.ntion of the spiritual cSuiracteriatics of tfee j j-"- - . t.. ^ - ^ |

'" J \ innrtj gaps in tbrt arrti-uaPaaese ssoveEisnt.» - *

r ■ ' I I . Zteriufi; the IsuBftipatiOB War of cms* fatherland? Ban So?-ya j

t

Ipuiii i RhA« "Tank >«o, 214?" "Bills of Rough.. Grass/' and others beside| i* '. ! I > \ i "Sirutu? Man'* xkore bs depleted the heroic B.ctioo.KS of our Peoples5 f

|Aro.:f» In his s'hori story «Sang-ny&Mg.," lie exposed 11 te sa/r&ge nature.!

»of nsoTj^t^^on?- jmu'cSorf.ris of AaerieaR Imperialists« He also created I

!"J I Ithci siovel "Taö-donfi Hirer*1 n-Mcli portrayed the heroic struggle of •

(the people behind enetsy lim.es waa:n the eneasy irere ienporarilj in |

! pov&i

I For llcv Gc-l-ya, life neant struggle? and his literature j

I Iv/hich 'iK3 a reflection of fei« life«, TOS a literature of struggle. |

IT v,rY;öi!?n- stated thai- Ms -writings were literature of ■•revolution!, t" * ' ~ I I'hnt hi 3 rtrefttiT« characteristic« took OH a Brach awre pa&lirtve t ! " • ! I figlitiißg spirit ir> the- works after the i&aaneipfttion far of our. j

S I father!find* IH. Han SoI-ya*s creative writings,, tbis type of com-

IbaTivf. terser could te explained, as &n expression of his peaetratirtgl i r ' ' } f eoBXüiuniaiic nature* Fsrlherraore, tn\$ nast not overlook his? strong |

i hsw^vdgt-fc awectfi which lies in the inner core of his corabative | '

f ■''""'■'"'"' "' I I , ,, I I In "Sua^re/cu*.? n and "Tae-flong Bivejij" Has Soi-ya expose« tue 1

[truss ehfc.ra.ctar of hmw^rm. hatred' and the barbaric conduct of the

■ cruel aggressive ©eeisies of Arnerican Imperial is'®» And* at the ssuaef

time« lie eopirottt^d ike enemy Tfitli the moral' characteristics of the!

jrioblö spirit öf tm Koreas:: people for t&eir lore of iaanliKfi and

!pe-<?,c*'* Iferv So.l™ya artistically defin&d the inTiolability of the i IKorena nßonle. In »'gunfc-ayang". the author accuses the tyrannical j • ■ ... ,

lirilu^ar- cruelty of tho cuaaing iiseriean; misriaaary who calls out,

! ■ ' ' T,0h, Lordj." in the »asaae of tfee holy cross la Korea | imd by contrast- I |s.EiE" tho nissionBTj inith' Sm-kil and his mother*s virtuous &Est adialr- f ""' " ■ i table chars eisr. »*5<a«:i-donjy River,w witter, in- three .parts, deals f I "" ' ' | Iwith the temporary occupation of American aggressors in Pyongyang J

f-where the labor forces of a printing plant fonght heroically and | * I I courageously against the enemy's misdeeds aatl their'incessant bomb-f

jardKont iffisaedi&tely &,tier the liberatioa of Pyongyang« fhe author I I ' ' !wfr-ira:^ th® wonderful spiritual potentialities of younger general | j ■ - ..• - ■>■ * ■ ,

I I | tioss -wfeo -were cnltivat-ed under the aew system, and at the Basse

ItJE'-s, hö definitely reeosmaed. the ineyitable destruction-of

I 1 | the ruthless Asserica.» IssperiaXxsts,* j I | \ "Of cotiTeej hardship and dangrejr always £el loirs you around j | ■ " i

|day and «iglit. ■ So, wfeat dö you «are if you die? A lot of yotmg

jirsB and woiaen« and fathers and mothers died. We are luclcy to be

js'UH living. !I'a still XivingJ* I

I In the abov-e* ' CSiojR-stm. felt happy« Bat -who can say that the! i i I .1 Screat sjunber of innocent sons and. daughters v/feo gave their J^;yj5S^to|

£4

WB*nwK<8«W«M**r*,vo'1,"w**''**!"'"*'"

ithpir fatherland are jaot in the path of glory* t

l^liat is there to be sad about- wad afraid of? Am I not aoring is .B 5

Ulm direction of (?o;setM.»«; beautiful and utterly dignified'?"

S ' iH ' . ' !Ms iras tho world ofthero f Ch-ass-sun, who was engaged iß:

'Wlargrc-yssd activities during the ewmjt s temporary oecttpfttietu

1't;e author rcrelaled In his tfeeme that regardless of Use

J«fteMy«B tyranny aiid Tialence* E possessor of this type of noble i igplrit co»!£ B.oi IKS conquered.

After the war, Han So!-JR. irroie a cMI&reBl& hook titled ■ ■

«Man ErvoiW"ta©{Ob?gervatory)w -rhicb described ike childfeßod of coa-

|rade Eira Il~»ane. Ban Sol-yfi. published his iu)v«l, iSMt* Sol-bong»'

Irrftifth ws a characterisation: of tho faraara* psirsgrgle agaiast the

ba^asiftse in the 1930«si astl published Ms »avalla* «Hasivg-che»

Vijioh önlved. into the li?« of the orph&na of rar use, Ha also

Looted the novel "Love* irhich reflected the realities of the soutb-

!ö!T!3 Imlf of the country daring lbs Aiasrseai?.; oecupsa-xoa*

f Th^<t<> works- j*t«.»d out as the aether's pn a si «mate- lo^e for iM S ' "~ , ! Uifoniry asd tae people, am! as tba snder-fcoae öf the asathor's coss» j

jbaiire purpose awö penetrating hiaaajn.isaiB

I Baa Sol-fa's combats T© purpose almost be cam.« an iafcerest

Wtiritntte that was connected wit!), the practical struggle of Ms ü ■ ,

[resourceful life experience* And his enthusiastic humanistic. ' f

Itbou^is -wore linfed -sri tfc. eonssmxistic ideals« His attempts? twA I | I Sstrong 'twas to seek fesawty and sows thing R°fo1f J^,^Z„i®:BZ2—®lA

I coBSEOR. people fc&eaise intensified, aad added to tb« substantial t »proof of Ms ideological' per.fect.ioa.* | I "Mi, Sol-btmg" portrayed tfes «struggle of Red Farm Union m

JlarHryoag Southern Prorinca. in- the ISSO'e, and it particaiarty

|dealt islih the so-called. Sal-iao Incident -arfeich. iiad' b*sen-- fabricated I thy the Japanese police and told'from .the point of Yi-ersr of the

I }»,eßws!öd» la this ■votkf the author attacked the oppressio» of Fasci-

st Jeoftaeee rale and skillfully recapitulated tibe revolutionary I s jerahsmcaroesit of the rising faraerg wifk. historic coacreteness« He i SalsD tsmed. his attention- to clarify the Mghl'y spiritual character-^

isties of the Korean people.

f he re fore j «Mt» Sol~bong;w was' coBsiste-si -srith 'the story of

^a'fia httsHöß; feeling«-.

Lofty and wonderful ideas of simple ordinary people and

rsvolutionarf fighters 1'xfce H&k-»ck*oI and Kjossg-tok flow-is lies! im

|tlia uncoaprcssisiifg straggle egai-sxst the ©ppreasir-e Japanese rule

l&ad their ectl^feora-tsrs«. ■ ! I Itps-oiallyy the suicide of Ssa^-toK's xsothar whs was caught J • |i.n the evil plot of the Japanese rale for ceres* log tup- ter SOB,,» aad j rfcltft Japanese police5s attempts to iaeite SuTt.-to.fc of rastrieide- while ! ' ■ ' . '

|Snsi-»tok protests vitit im&enäiiftg spirit lea-res a deep iatpression. on 1 jvh« readers» A.n& this iss a reflection of tlie author's high cofflffl»-«

I f siistie huss&nisn»: spirit.. Moreover, ia Has Sol-ya, this sort of | 1 - 1 fpasaioa for cooramuiistic htuaanijäS! spirit appeared lately in bis I

26

8 successful vc-vks of «Brotbers" asd ,5LOT&*" f

I «ßrothsr« popularized the sohle and. spiritual -world of BO- J

Ithcv-» vU> werft britttr^jp or»hous that lost their parents during the | 1 ..... ■ iEtoaoipatioE far of our fa-therdaiKl. j ! I i '*LaTe» portrayed the traf is'fate of Pak Mpa-guag and bis I " " I

(fanny in the soutltenf half of use country that is under the Assort-1

jc&n ooeupatiOB, Both of these irorks impress the people in the j

^^•,i of H;MI Sol-Ta*s esteewod comaaißtic boKuuni SIB spirit« j

i I I IK th«SO variesv the exAhvv leaves a mach lively.■ iiapre salon j

I I joa ibe stiajoriij-of the ooßsaoB people vho preserve th«, noble spirit-j

I ' hml TFfirld as .öp-posesi ta the morally iaferier t»d ugly *rftrld of

liiisericaicf iums-riftlissi and their e0ia.b0re.iors«, t;

| ffeiß caKBöt fee explained ky departing fross tbe author 8e

Idireo-fcion of enthusiastic goals in tha «earch.-for noble and digai- I Ifisd elessMsta i» mas and fein mt.rs». affection toward tfe.eir life« | " | rehs>vcfütaf im GCßbativs purpose of las Sol~je uras filled

Uitb p<?ri;dgieBi pasaiosas of taKeaarsia asd sasssmistie idee-'JU*

In his forty years of creatire vritiisg» he has reached, a

I point of pftrfectioß, and it reflects wpo» hte vorfes as a preview

of tlte total otttloofc of his future- creative writing.

This year is aatfcor li&n Sol-T&'s 60ife. birthday»' As time

jflows, hi« erestiva actirities are Approaching perfection is its.

I I artist!c contents. His vigorous creators energy never declined« 1 i { \fe are expecting' a great deal frost J"^^«!^~H—1,LfL

■« sWWV*' «TJMfiff «"■' W*h» **.■**■*-! »fn***"J««' *#■*-**?**. «w «

21

future* .ted 1 'feelierö th»,t as the list of Mg resouroefvtl ereatiraj

j-writisigs ■increases, a great stnsctwre' of eöissaanietic literature I

I ' ' " I \ &i.i*ili grow ©-ut> of at«. ■ ;

i ■ • t I Höhererj, when* cue gfstales of Has Sol™ya{a concept of j ' ■ ' I i I

v.&gor<rass creative activity, oae c&*mot ißfer that he has exhaa.stefi j j ! the literary nrarks of post«!.! Iteration« \

I ' ' I I During faxs creative aetiritT* Ise 'firmly defended cur pesi™ I I ' ■ " * ■ • I j ti«?u on socialistic reel«®: ia liter a. tare,, and destroyed the seep™ I

■ *

iEg i'eKh'ijffi ei.ei3.eBts and cliff sreat «ts.rrc.Bts of boarge ox & liiere™1 f

iu.re* He played a;ad is still playing & leading role in his efforts!

] ta eossolidate tin« Party*© literary &K& artistic ob.jisctives for I I . " I j -writers and artiats in support of its policy* |

j Togetlwr irf.th his 'creative work, Hi«?. Sol~ya is educating i j tlio yovrctftor generation «.th deep cotseeru for their educational' I | do-ve-topc-enis* Be i« deTotingr a great <ie&l of tissw* to this end« { I " | I Sis life a.acS aetiTitiess i» these esfeteatioaal field are * i

£ worthy of spc-cial aEeatioH,, and »bcmld be described in addition i:a, I j .. ' " t | ■ i

| tfoe fixtnre * . ■ I

5 ■ ' f

5 ■ ■

■*^f^itl^»Bv^ n;i«.-» •^M+IHM'M" :*wi»/-tfiw«u«a^«'!f««'^S»I^P«^T/«^^'^''*i=nr^ »jwuiwaM-iw:«»'.-«*^ iiiwoJmaijewtvWsat.iniM-j^rj» ■ __„__-_J

HAK S0L-YA AWß J i

F

£The foil airing is s translation of e.ss essay j fey: Yi Ki-»yc»s.gj apps&jpiapsg ifö CjjS.sg^.^läSfeäfe.* Äapist, (

Comrade Ha.^Sol"-ya B.BCI I started oar career of a writer at 1 1 !

I \ a; be gase tias» f.

i ! I After %ha 8«-i KoYeTsersi, ■srMeii.. "was ass mrigrarih. oi' the s©ßial-|

! - " ' ■ I 1st ssevsesösi of tlie October SeYoltviiesi, Marxisa~l.ani.Biss prevailed | i ■ 8

in tis« ccnsBiyy* As & result«, jtroletariaB literature -«hiah oppttsvä. f 1 " ' I f hotsr^ots literature., spronted imdsr the encottr&jEitig circxm- i

I " ' ■ ' . «'fane«5« ar«d pTowib of labor &nd aorarian moYemont* Tfae proletarta© t " - *" ■

I • literature daTelop-ed under the influence of Soviet literature &«a 8

\ \ jjve&Hsffi litrratare» especially =, critical rs&liass literature-« f

'• At tW tis«j herarg&oig irrite.rs, ti K-waag-sHj Yosi Sang-'-sripj \ '■ " !

kia To»g*-i53, and others were leetnri&g «m öOBßossion« surreH&er, f

».«id clefea'&isK toward the Japanese j a».d they were also gfocrciiMr their | 1 ■ V I (yirsns? reastionarT attitudes* 'They tritd to paralyse the ■■reToÜBtioö-

|i.ry frdmaeeiraest of labor ciass that took the lead of the peoples* . f

I I literals OB.» I

|F?<as-£ tlvs begimiagj. tits' prole tar iaa literature had eoatijvaed to__ ^J

I ß stKa^sl'e mnd.&r the reaetiairnry literature of bourgeois and Japan-

t ese smspressiojs.« Sol-y«. 'tod establish©* himself as a writer of thej

I jnfa.rjt stage of proletarian literature tmd bad become OES of the I "■ '" " " '— *■ ä

t foiusdsrs of Koreas proletarian literature* r

| The literary works a.ad tb.«ir progress' of the Korean proleta-

I I rian literature in t&e early stage (Cho SSyong-bi, Gh*oe StHbae¥ Yi

j Saag-hwaj Song long, Sol-ya, aad l) did. not exhibit the character««

• I { I sties of tke literary quality of ©oci&lissB and- realism, jflOTevsrr- |

I I go'l-va F&S on*» of th«? writers who -worked steadily and persistently I i ~" -■ ■ - i | totrard the adraiicessest 'proletarian literature« J

! I recall that it nr&s in the spring of' 1985 whBS- I first met!

| Sol-ya«, 1 sljoeld. like to tell you 'first my ittteatioas for cosixng- j I ' " I I to Socml* lllieri. 1 ,returned house fro® Tokyo after the earthquake in] i j

f Kwnto area,- I felt an irresistible tarece to write.» At that -time, !

I wr faiBÜT ws oa. the verere of starvation on aceouni of. fcaakr'ii{«syf

! and farmers ir the Tillage wsr* suffering frota Inrager* I bees«

I fnriovjis» W?en I -was ia Tolbre« I saw 0,00-0 innocent yotaig Korean® | I

I bfiiiig' ssagJKiered Irr the Japanese as "isaproper Koreans»" Bat iww, £

I I ! im jay ©im coumtrr« I could not ba&r to look, at the Japaaeee who I * * . , I I I I ^er" actxrtp- as'self-imposed rulers wbile the Korean« TO re starr™ | I I 1 in?f* How cotxld it be so unfair and'cruel? MOT/ could I' live in } l '■'- i

8 sueli an smvir©»n.er«t? I '•■ran.ted to -»rite ray f laming; passions &nd i I 1 I desires an.*! appeal to the peopLe of the world, i didn't care 1 f I . I ( ' -wrhft-t har,peaod to arv o\m familv and started to write thousands of. I i~„..,.„.,_„„™^ ._..«,..._„._™™_-..™»_„»,mj

30

Spaces of nanuscript on white scratch-paper, This had been ray un-

jpHblisliofl-Bevel "Parkneiss." After coaplstiag t,?ae rough draft, 1 j

j read the navel t* the old men arcrand the neighborhood. Everybody •

i-ras wanssd anA said that the «tory*e theme indicated the sase piti-

!*•■?.!<? Jife of thpi-r ©-»n.. Their remarks «a tlxe' norel ©»courage«! BBS«

I eM 1 gathered one of the iaa,i9ti.scripts and left for Seoul*

' First,, 1 called on the editor-in-chief of C&ftsSffi IlM.(^er®^ j

JN«w«) »no esfeed bis craiaiosi of ssy ISOTSI and possibilities of pub- j '* * . I ir:elrinf it» He flatly rejected it without even reading it by aayxnf

" * " . ,1 the.t hi a aeirapawer did not ba*re ep&ee to priat it. With diaappoxnt»

trafst. 1 vent to see the editor-ia-chief of Ifßga llfesilast ijsia

« • lite-«-®)« il&, being id»«*, asked me to leave the maKuscript irith: Mai {

law*, to drop in a few days later, 1 retarded vitfe. high, hopes but

he reiwrvvä the urtO'Aeaed K&asmscript aad refesed to puMisfe it. I 1 • |WiW ß^tHja^ä «f being rejected aad sabseqraentiy tferev the Mas«script I ' '" li-«'tW» :riY6^,. assd srere neTer to -srrit« agate* Is & matter of fact3 I \l acted Tather recfelesely like a toothless child trying to chev on. I I hard rice, Mo^Tor» I. could not re tuna homo &&d face tiis neigh-

bors. Itorinet E7 stay in Seoul, I rent to tits public library eYery~-f

{day and avidly read Russia» classical and modem literature«

One dayf I was' browsing through a newly published teag&siae

Iram^d "Ktt^byok(pioneer} y" and' mx an advertisement of a prise

I contest for short stories. Instantly, I decided to give it a try

f If If ailed »gal».» X roved never to raafee ^f^f^^^3i^^I^,„„_

JA

t

I hurried back to my feoardiög house swad fiü.islsoä a »orelia

-vithin a reek. This was stay first story "My Brother*s Secret

I Letter«" Fortunately, it -sus e^rarded third prise and published iu ■ ! ' ■ ■ j j ,"^S£zfeSiM^OBe,ftr)» n ^ returned home after stibmittiwg ray story feutf i ■■

II retiarned to Seoul ■when I heard that it bad been selected. I

P'o-sok, Cfeo Myosg-M was vorfcing on the staff of "Ckossa

I *2^ji£^^{ki ght 0?- Korea)," We had been friends since the days iss

Tokyo, attd fee mas pleased to liear. of my prise« gtory and reeosisended

'rae to work at HChogu& CbJcjgMM&igft* of Korea) *" Us til then, I ;

i . i

did not kno-w any irriter of" established fasse except Cho Myong-hi* i

I so OB because acquainted iritis.. Yi Saag-fasra s Song Yong, I'i Ifc-|

| sang» Yi Ciixsfc-ho, and others» la the spring of 1925, a criticism I

of Kan: Sol-ya*s was published ia "feMSIS CM^kw^ni^Light of Korea) "f

for the first time» This piece of criticism &re--w close attention

si».se it was a eritieiesa. of bourgeois literature and .reactionary

-writers like Yi Kwang~*tt aud Ho Cha-yoBg« When P'o-sok read the

criticise fee said, "Wall, w imvö finally found aß inspiring nev.

;writer.« Soon after the publication Sol-ya began to drop in the

HPi£S^.^iirl£IS.Sg(?---i§:llt 'of Korea)" ai-Ch''o»g CMn-dong« He was

introduced to Cho Myong-hi, Ch'oe So-hae, and I* At that tiase,

Cho Myong-M and I had on a Korean frock coat«. Han Sol-ya ito-

pressed me as a reserved, and thoughtful young cian« His eyes were

|shinningj, and they seemed to be in deep thoughts. We were all very

I happy to see hi% and P'o-sok told hiia that we had read Ms critic- &-^;i^Mi™w«-M»*at*i»i«M»»*j(*»^^

32

-*T: "■ *ü»< <-?~: '■ <-iw5*r v**i*3*? W ^i-tvwM^X.WWV^''&■*>■■ v.

iisas* '"It. is wonderful to Elftei. a e&isr&r?*! like yovu " said So-hae*

| Silica 1 w&R an iaesJerisRCsd writers I did not know wh&t to s

I say ajsn wc-.nt ol on?; vritb P'o-sok and So>-'iiRes A?, though it fvaö.

* OirCK O'iS first »ic-etingj we both felt thai- TK had fcaoca each other [

'for <V I«? tiwo like üCSOB fsdessös* At that iijfso. it ■<ras difficult i "t • ■ f i Hs> si^et & coEG"&d.-; or eves« a sviap&lhetie friend., It, was excitlag to |

I ■'

\m-v\- a, friend who had iho sasae literary outl oofc» F'o-sofe contitfae«. f J ■'•■■■•

< * h-'K-f-iHspiaÄtifiallT by ss-rispf., "We m%n\> errtieisf;- more of fi B;arMi$~®u I

s i sarff'? vtii't UK,

r' Mt\vLtni.ph Sol'-Ts exsresised his Qwn ideas'? be paid ? i " * * ' . I j carefnil att'?.rition to what bis elders had said* j

1 " ) I Sisce tlse establishment of *sEapf!5? the orgardsatiosi of pro-» I

il eta/Has ^rrttsrs &*«? the mvifieatioxi of thoir iae.-i.Is liad been rein—:

Ifftrfl^d, Ars if t^eir creative ■writijarrs e*.d criticises developed to a I

I " • . I {■d-fMiVK'-r nXai»« Sines that tiasej Sol-T-a developed a Hew dexaension • I

let creative Tcs.ti».ge Hö published saany short stories after .the

I ' I I formatier?., öf tji(apf% sunk »ss "That Sight," "Ye&rRingj" "Banality," 1 '" ' ' ' | h*¥rosg Itesäref" 'Vu*i Before That Tiaie," "lalfcisg Backwards,« asd. j i j

jötMöVo. Braving this period, Cho Mjong-M *a "To Mr» R»» asd »Nafc. j 8 I {Bos'iJ- River?i! Ch'oe So-ha^s *'Ss*sa»e Period" a&d "Kmiser aaß Mass- I ' * • ' lacrps!f Sons- To'tut's *5£l&st Far&ace" and "Eppreseatative of a Store- I f ' "" '"" j I • |maso?3sf Uxr?.on;*' *md others trere published,, 1 -wrote "Poor People$" * I I »Furraer CJrais^ To-rjonp:,n "Country Villages," ana others,

j ' | | Ho'treTer, inissod lately after the establishment of "Xiapf *'* 1

!prerress of proleta-riaE literature had not been smooth« I

— .->;>

j .. At the time» we had to fight so-called pure "literature I

and forei.Tß literature factions of the right-wing bourgeois react-* j

iotfcTiry Tvritars3 aisd aaarchists under the disguise of Marxism, and ; t i hve also.bad to fight those opportunists '«rho had. infiltrated the

!ranks and files of the-' "E&pfM organization»

j - Moreover, under the strict censorship of Japanese police.

j {authority, our m&Bttseripts were often confiscated» It goes with- j lent saying hour difficult a hardship the proletarian writers- had

had to Jive through, daily* Nonetheless, our problems diii not COB.-~|

fine itself to the above things.

Most of all, we •were unable to provide satisfactory mmimra

to various practical problems, that occurred in the iabor-agricul--

tural ssoremeHt because of our weakness and lack of preparation in

thinking through, our ideals»

That vets our -painful lesson» And the .bourgeois writers

criticised our work && not having any artistic value and that it

TOS pointlesfs» However, -we did not surrender fco these charges«

It "ras said atssag our friends that, "Caa -we afford to I Ido engraviag or*, our sword ■while oar enestjr threatens oar life?''

Let as sharpen our sword first.and kill our eneisy«" These words

were justified by onr determination to fight» W© did hot-dare

leave'our people in the hands of bourgeio» reactionary •writers»

Thereforef "Kap£M writers>endeavored to holeherlze our liter-

aturo vj&d refis'e its ideology and artistry«

I

34

''. Under tte ctircuuvatances, it iras Soi-ya rto opened' a vigor- j

OS!? c;«v:f&ism in Ixtei-ary criticises. His serie« of criticism in-» j

eluding-, "On OX**?,;? Literature*" "Declaration of Proletarian Arts,» j

»Class Struggle and Class Literature,n and »Fron the Point of View j

of a Prßjfinrjari Brittir»" seessd to thrust a haavy blew on oar I t

I euf--flvf CöBSfiq«catly, these criticism contributed to theoretic*! \

I preparö.tiOH and ideologies of proletarian, witers. ThtiSg ershanc- |

S in.-*' arUstie standards and reforming the "i£apf" or^aaication» ?

'I la 192?? Soi-ya played a major role jn orgaaiaxag a nevr j

resolution .for >*£apf * M with tlie assistance cf 'Cho-Iiyong-hi, Soag ' |

Yongj Ywi Ki™slmn«rs ar»tl Kim Pofc-eld:?* * I

Tlio msrpose of reorganisation a*id. adoption of a IV&TT re-sol'«-?

tion wa to re consider the -coatpetance of c!as?ses and the fighting |

ability in proletarian literature to jseet objectives and realistic

dcE'i^ssds, Hov-&ver, ia composing the acw resolutions it "w&s not

easy for the writers to express clearly of its purpi>ss& and goal»

Ti-iihoat violating the Japanese lair * Soi-ya played, an. important

-part in fofsssl&tißg the seT resolution.»

After ifes *fKt.p£" reorganisations 1 was ia charge of the

Publishing departisoat of "Kapf s " ft-sd Sol-ya deToied. his efforts

to the publication of the house organ» Tine "ICapf" organ "Collect-

ive Group" epr-eeled. to the public and ■«ras tridely re aß* Therefore?

E.ct only in Korea feat al sio at abroad, it attracted a id.de range

©f readers«. By the tiise .the Japanese authority forced the pcifoli--

y.

«9»«**i^A*>*tf»««n*K*iW*t»W**^ w^w^WiaiWWäiWW«^^ 'SsSöWtrfWtli*.- ^»ii"'*?

I cation of "Collective Group:'* to close., it had its br&aches i» the I I eastern' part of Chitta* Peking» Shanghai» end ereB in Japan»

i v . " " ; ' AH tfee -while f Sol-ya ascl 1 became tauch clos«r. ,FEa|rfif

* assigned various writers to different kinds of "ICapfw study, groups | f to study SfetrscisBBr-Lsainisni and aesthetics. And C!bo-Jfyong-hi# Han: I Sel-ya, Song Yong? and I frequently attended. "Kapf" seetiags.

The gathering of "K&pfw -was * secret.' We held »aee tings ia

the wealthy section- of P'al P'aardong, Sa Chik-»d©.t»gj and Sass Ch'un-

dosig tristere tha poliea suspected, the least« And at other tises, vo- !

ssst at & deserted valley below Mt» 'la-Traaig;, or near Se- Kuss Valley, 1

or Mt« Pak Has and Ui-doßg. At "E&pf" «aeetinggj- raambers discussed' |

materials take» from Marxist literature eaad Marxist aesthetic®»

(At the time, this iras called theoretical debates«) fiiey also

criticised published works» discttsaedl the plots ©f forthcoming

works or finished manuscripts.

After the reorganization of the ©rgaa, it spread not only

ia Seoul- tont also in the country and attracted «s&iry new young

| writer si* Proletarian «mlture developed in. the field of literature,

|dra^as motions picture* and music» In the field ef creatire vrit-

! ing there -ras as ©pceli making progress. In ideologies as "well as

|in art history? characteristics of socialise and realises ease

]through in beautifai'forau

I Sol-ya's "Me of Traasiti-on" and "Wrestler j'5 Pafc Se-yong's

| "Wight Ättackf" Pak P'al-yang's "Iteiaonstrationj" Song Yong's

56

} ,rHo Visitors AI1OT;*OJ'* c,nd others ^vare Tivid exasspies* As for wy tt

f worVs, ''Distant Walfc«,? Paperaili I'osm" ifere written at the time, i ?. * *

f nAge of Tre,nsüioa!! said "Wrestler" were works of higher

i ' ! ? idfsclftfXia] artistift Standards that a»y other previews oneÄ re1- j I t '■■ ■ ' i

>Vfto'led SüV-va's taloat® as a socielist-realigt -srriter. Mis esieepM I

ios&Hy talented novel "Twilight" was published in. 3.336* \

Heed less to say* ,!f»rf.lia;fe,t" was the i&ormTseivfcal sagter- I

r-iaise ir> thf* Korean proletarian literature before-'th$ Liberation,- I

I 1 «siffirt ad«.'. tiifei this TöX*& -ras planaad Ails Sol-ya iras i I

1 imprisoned &t Cliun'-cbu 1'GnIieu.tiary* |

I This -«fork exasipllfled. -"his ceaseless efforts^ figiiting

I | sp-i.ri.tj aad. creative passiert* I!

f Sol-ya's literature has a certain quality* The literary

| wrk of Sol-ja e.nd. X 'possess in cenasKm e, certain quality, of

I prose b«t Sol-ya.'s is exceedingly 'political«

I He sshcrarod remarkable fcccoaiplishjaent in the field of critic- ! ' I is% aad. Sis a HOTOIS co\jJ.a. be characterised by tbx-.ii* political

| indications» HiTeM.Jttsi.ie situations' in. So-i-ya's "stork.« ;were

| sf£eeti<äm&tely praised by & p'e&t iresber of people» And it TOS j

1 because the lite ftfuS "vriishes of the people vere geiwiniftlj and

I vividly rc.<fIeeif;d in thf«ss y/»rk«c ' Only 'a peoples' writer can.

I er^at,* t'hls sort of Situation» Arid v/e also detect his individual.™] { j | is tic eheraeierisities in his creations» TMs result«? froia. his

iacessant exules,vor to eiil titrate Ms gid.ll« ^^*..:(r!urfi«;n.tncw>'-*'vi»,n5',*s:;«,a *•■ -fwnt*» w«- * J**'»». Ui W in*'* i JUv# *ww» *J-j. V^w**** va

i Before I cloiss this article* I would like to add a short I

i piece of reminiscence, I " | ] In our youth; both Sftl-ya an.d 1 could not. resist & couple

ä of drinks» Whenever ire Biet onr friends in Seoul« ire used to

\ frennest saloons and spend all the Sioisej we Jh&d, OKCS, 1 recall.

i ■ 'jP'o-sofej Sons' I1 os,o'j Sol-ya, and-1 plaved Yut game, and whoever losts

! ~ "' * '■■ I \ the sfaais 'ras to buy the drinks» Sol-ya lost, but none of «s had |

jenough ßioney« So» Sol-ya p&wied his overcoat f&r thirty to.

[bay the drinks. We ice re all in desperate straits im those days« |

| ■ .Burxag the secoad. general arrest of n£a-pff' mestbere, Song 1 i " \

Yonsr» Yun Ki~chuasr, 'and I were arrested on the sanse dar§ e,.u<$ Sol™ I ... _ .... . j ya, as I recall, followed & fei' de,ya later* I renesber sseinp |

I Sol-jafs face in the eourt-reosi» f

! Sol-ya. is the totality of Korean literature itself*

■ i

Xodayj we fcnotr through bis prolific writing 'his high spiritual 1 l

life« Writer, Hart Sol-ya's spirituality, hraaanity ami life are ....... I I

reflected upon his works« la this m&ainm9 yr& recognise tfee author \ \

-&■& a great saas? and the soral stature of his varies through his- \

rich life» I

I Has Sol-ya.*a great life long aecoBipIishsaent in the leadership

I " ' ■ ■ ■ ' - •' land consols, datier* of proletariat literature shall, glow forerer in. j

four literary history»

#1912 ENB VWÄWAI«I.«(W --.fc«1 --;i*i»«l-n«*WWW*»*-

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