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District Water Management and Conservation Plan
Workshop
Presented ByTerry Buchholz
October 19, 2007
Agenda• Overview – Debbie Colbert (WRD) & Anita Winkler
(OWRC)• Logistics/Introductions • Overview of Plan Requirements • Initiating the Plan Process • Guidance for Preparation of the Plan
– Water Supplier Description – Water Conservation – Water Curtailment – Water Supply
• Additional Requirements • OWRD Review Process • Wrap-up
Introduction
• What is a WMCP plan for?– Long-term water management and
conservation tool
• Who needs to complete one?– Districts which need to transfer water rights– Districts which contract for water from federal
water projects
• Why?– A powerful planning tool– Numerous benefits to districts
Benefits of Preparing a WMCP?
• Increases flexibility• Prepares district to meet future
challenges• Provides a basis for capital
improvement projects and grant applications
• Establishes a concise set of information for future managers
Overview of the Plan Requirements
• Water Supplier Description• Water Conservation Element• Water Curtailment Plan • Water Supply Element
Overview of the Plan Requirements
This water budget, along with projected future demands on the system, helps to clarify how much water is required to meet current and future needs.
Conservation Tools
Water Budget
Future Needs
Demand
Supply
+
Initiating the Plan Process
• Establish Objectives• Early Discussion
with OWRD Staff• Establish a Planning
Team• Assemble
Information• Get Public or Other
Agencies Involved• Find Funding
Clearly, they didn’t follow these easy steps….
Plan Objective Examples
• Conserve water through improving management of one or more of the supplier’s water sources
• Control costs of operations, maintenance and capital investments, while meeting desired levels of service
• Maintain reliability of water supply at some pre-determined level defined by the supplier
• Increase long-term water supply security and flexibility
Plan Objective Examples
• Continue to work in support of fisheries and other natural resources
• Maintain customer satisfaction• Meet State requirements for the WMCP• Meet Federal requirements for the WMCP
Early Discussion with WRD Staff
• Establish framework for the plan• Identify any key issues• Discuss the methods that will be used
to develop required information• Draw on WRD staff expertise• Understand specific criteria that WRD
will apply in evaluating the plan
Assemble Planning Team
• Using district staff• Working together
with other districts or agencies
• Hiring a consultant –pieces or all
Involving the Public or other Agencies
• Why should a district involve the public or other agencies?– Early buy-in for conservation planning– Involve key partners (other districts,
counties, etc…)– Speed up the WRD review process
• Easy ways to do this– Bill message inserts, district newsletters and
websites– Public advisory committee– Public meetings and presentations– Local newspaper article updates
Funding Plan Preparation• No funding specifically for WMCPs• District staffing & funding• Federal or State Funding Programs
– BOR: 2025 Challenge Grants (50/50 cost share)
– NRCS Conservation Innovation Grants– Columbia Basin Water Transactions
Program– Oregon Renewable Energy Feasibility
Fund
Guidance for Preparing the Plan
Starting with the Checklist:
Taking it one step at a time. Required Evaluate Optional
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Preparing the Water Supplier Description
Introduction / general background Summary of existing water rights Description of sources of water Schematic or map of water delivery
system Current water use Major water classifications and uses Types of on-farm irrigation systems Crops typically grown (estimated average and peak
water use)
Operations and maintenance program
Most items
in this section
are required
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Potential Sources for Information
• Previous Reports:– District facilities plans– O&M manuals– City of County growth and
development– Capital Improvements Plans– Fisheries Management Plan
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Potential Sources for Information
• Data Collection:– Water rights– Sources of water – Current water usage– Water use classifications– Types of irrigation systems– Crops commonly grown– Billing records
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Potential Sources for Information
• Intergovernmental or exchange agreements/contracts
• Maps/Illustrations showing:– Systems drawings – Boundaries– Storage and distribution facilities– Points of diversion– Major operation spills
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Introduction and General Background
• History of the District• Location, Climate, Maps, Soils, Etc.
A Historical Summary of Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI) for
the principal river basins of Oregon can be downloaded at:www.or.nrcs.usda.gov/snow/
watersupply/SWSI_Summary.cvs
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Summary of Existing Water Rights
This table will include permitted, certificated, decreed, statutory, and limited license water rights
Water Rights Certificate and
Permits
Location of Water Right
Acreage
Acreage (or Acre Feet of
Storage)
Conditions of Water Rights
Seasons of Use
Certificate 1235 (held by district) – a secondary right related to Cedar Creek Reservoir
Downstream from Cedar Creek ReservoirT1S R1W portions of section 2,3,4,5, & 6
1000 acres Standard conditions for irrigation and must have BOR contract
May - October
Access WRD’s Water Rights Information
System at www.wrd.state.or.us, or your local
Watermaster through www.wrd.state.or.us/OWARD/offices.shtml
for assistance in describing existing
water rights
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Sources of Water• Sources of water may include:
– Storage and regulation facilities,– Transfers, rotation, exchange, or intergovernmental agreements
• Description should include:– Type – Source of water (stream or aquifer)– Location of point of diversion (township, range and quarter-
quarter section)– Diversion (structure or equipment)– Wells (depth, diameter and pump capacity)– Reservoirs (dam height, crest and normal operating pool)– Agreements (type, entity, terms and conditions, quantity, sale,
and period)
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Schematic of the Water Delivery System
• District boundaries• Storage facilities• Distribution systems• Direction of flow• Drainage systems• Diversion points• Measuring devices• Major spills and return flows• Special water
recovery/reuse infrastructure such as ASR
• Interconnection and other supply systems
• Other features as applicable
Sources:USGS Maps can cost less than
$125ARC-GIS programs can be used
OSU has a wide array of information on mapping at
www.geo.orgeonstate.edu/ucgis
Tips:The schematic does not have to
be a map but could be a flow chart or schematic.
It does not need to be professionally done but could be
done by hand or in a GIS/GPS mapping program
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Sample Schematic
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Sample Schematics
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Current Water Use
• Tables may include: peak and annual diversions, and when available, return flows and water reuse
Year DiversionPermi
t #Time of
Use
Annual diversion (AF/Year)
Peak Diversion(AF/Year)
Peak Diversion
(cfs)
1998 Alpha CreekBeta RiverTheta Reservoir
S-001S-002S-003
SeasonalSeasonalFull Year
38002124480329
6508404
12069
10.6136.9196.6
1999 Alpha CreekBeta RiverTheta Reservoir
S-001S-002S-003
SeasonalSeasonalFull Year
38252105573456
6417844
11056
10.4127.8180.1
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Estimating Return Flows • Can include:
– Surface runoff (measure)
– Seepage into drains or streams (measure)
– Deep percolation (estimate)
System Type Percolation (%)
Hand move, side move, side roll
18
Solid set (low wind design)
30
Solid set (high wind design)
18
Center pivot, Linear move
10
Traveling big gun (low wind design)
35
Traveling big gun (high wind design)
18
Surface irrigation 10-80
Drip/trickle 10
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Major Water Classifications and Uses
• Summary:– Major classifications
including water rights and acreage
– # of accounts for each classification
– Beneficial use
• Classification Groups:– Irrigation– Frost protection– Livestock– Fire protection– Industrial users– Municipal deliveries– Commercial– Instream– Power generation
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Major Water Classifications and Uses
Classification Description Acreage% of Total
Irrigation Cropping 2700 55
Livestock Cattle/Sheep 1310 27
Irrigation/Frost Protection
Orchard 420 9
Industrial Processing Plants 180 4
Unknown Unknown 302 5
Totals 4912 100
** Information obtained using surveys in 2004 & 2006
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Types of On-Farm Irrigation Systems
• Pivots and linear systems• Wheel lines and hand
lines• Solid set• Drip/trickle/microspray• Flood/furrow
Ways to obtain this information is through a mailed survey or to use estimations based on visual inspections and discussions with
representative water users
Example: A survey mailed to members of an irrigation district could be used to determine the amount of land irrigated by each of the different irrigation system types used in the district. The survey results are shown below.
System Type Acres
Center Pivot 1489
Fixed Interval Sprinkler
13709
Surface 4664
Totals 19862
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Sample Crop Water Requirements
Extension Bulletin 8530 can be used to estimate net irrigation requirements for your region by crop type
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Crops Typically Grown (estimated average and peak water use)
Example #1: A mailed survey of client farms, determined the following mix of crops: Corn (1800 acres); Mint (2700 acres); Grapes (1400 acres); Other (200 acres). Using the survey results and information from Bulletin 8530, the district was able to estimate peak water consumption for each crop. The acreage listed as ‘other’ accounts for land on which cropping is not known and small acreages of miscellaneous minor fields/crops.
Crop Acres Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep OctTotal
s
Corn 1800 0.94 2.95 5.20 7.52 6.06 3.50 0.24 26.41
Mint 2700 0.12 2.95 4.92 4.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.81
Grapes 1400 0.08 0.98 2.60 4.13 3.31 1.73 0.12 12.95
Other 200 0.63 2.28 3.94 5.55 4.49 2.56 0.24 19.60
Total 6100
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Operations and Maintenance Issues
(Brainstorming)• What are some of the exceptional
or reoccurring maintenance issues districts are faced with?
• What are some maintenance or repair items that effect operations?
• Are there ways to overcome these issues?
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Operations and Maintenance Program
• Operations– Organization, personnel w/ duties,
annual procedures, equipment, and recurring operational problems
• Repair and maintenance– Major repairs, resources assigned to
fix the problem, and schedule
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Preparing the Water Conservation Element
Progress Report, Measurement Program, Current Conservation Measures, and Goals
Evaluation of Opportunities for Improving Water Use Efficiency
Evaluation of Conservation Measures Not Currently Implemented
Description and Estimated Schedule for Implementation of Conservation Measures
Part1
Part2
Part3
Part4
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Preparing the Water Conservation Element
Progress report on conservation measures from the previous WMCP
Description of the districts measurement program
Description of currently implemented conservation measures
Short and long-term goals to improve water management
All Items
in this section
are required
Part1
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Potential Sources for Information
• Book and other publications
• Conference events (OWRC and OSU Extension Services)
• Water Conservation Plans developed by districts throughout Oregon and other Western states
• Water Conservation plan Guidelines (EPA)
• Achieving Efficient Water Management: a Guidebook for Preparing Agricultural Water Conservation Plans (BOR)
• Irrigation Management Practices: Checklist for Oregon (OSU)
• AWWA Waterwiser Website www.waterwiser.org
• Regional Water Providers Consortium www.conserveh2o.org
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Progress Report on Conservation Measures from
the Previous WMCP• If this is the first time that
the district has submitted a WMCP then a progress report is not required.
• Updates on previous plans must include:– Progress made toward conservation actions
described in earlier plans– Short or long-term goals that did not previously have
schedules should be addressed– Changes in circumstances since the last plan that lead to
schedule delays should also be addressed
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Description of the Districts Measurement Program
• Description of the types of diversion measurements used
• Accounting of methods used at all diversion points
• Seasonal measurement schedule
• Photographs and descriptions of typical measurement devices
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Benefits of Better Water Measurement
(Brainstorming)
What are the benefits to a district for accurate water
measurement and recording keeping?
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Description of Currently Implemented Conservation
Measures• Summary of previous and ongoing
conservation activities undertaken• Examples include:
– District maintenance program– Educational materials provided to the
district irrigators– Any activities that are perceived to enhance
the delivery and efficiency of water use
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Short and Long-term Goals to Improve Water Management
• Examples include:– Reducing identified losses through piping or
lining– Promoting energy audits– Adopting rate structures– Public education programs– Technical assistance such as irrigation scheduling– Retrofits of inefficient water-using devices– Water reuse– Other possible actions that would improve water
use efficiency
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Evaluation of the Opportunities for Improving Water Use Efficiency
Description of losses of water Assessment of whether water
deliveries are insufficient to meet crop needs
Assessment of whether water deliveries are insufficient to meet other needs
Most items
in this section
should be evaluated
Part2
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Description of Losses of Water
• Determine losses from operational spills
• Estimate canal losses– Ponding method– Inflow-outflow method
• Estimate transmission losses• Compute district average losses• Improve the accuracy of estimates of
distribution system losses
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Determine Losses from Operational Spills
• Initial Fill – volume of water needed at the start of delivery operations
• Flushing Flow – volume of water used to flush debris from canals at the start of the irrigation season
• Imperfect scheduling of deliveries
Conservation Measure Ideas:• Spills can be captured in
regulation reservoirs and directed back into the distribution system or stream
• Operational Spills can be measured and quantified.
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Estimating Canal LossesStep #1: Estimate the rate of water loss in cfs from representative sections of the canal system (e.g. pipelines, canals of various configurations, or combination of canals and control structures).
Step #2: Multiply the loss rate by the distances traveled through the canal system to determine total canal loss rates in cfs and district total daily loss rates in acre-feet per day.
Step #3: Multiply the daily loss rate by the number of days the canals are in use.
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Determining Rate of Water Loss
• Experimental Methods– Ponding Method– Inflow-Outflow Method
• Estimation Method– Percent of water diverted
(adjustments based on soil types, subsoil structure, and proportion of time canal is in operation)
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Estimating Average District Losses
• Useful in evaluating opportunities for improving distribution efficiency
• Calculate average water loss in each sector of the main canal(s) and secondary canals
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Calculating Gross Water Requirements
(Exercise)
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Assessment of Whether Water Deliveries are
Insufficient to Meet Crop Needs
• In text or table format evaluate the extent the water supply system falls short of meeting crop water demands
• Does not need to be exhaustive
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Assessment of Whether Water Deliveries are
Insufficient to Meet Other Needs• Municipal water
• Delivery to industrial users• Fire Protection• Maintenance of in-stream flows• Pass through conveyance of water to other
districts• Conveyance of flood runoff• Conjunctive use for power production• Minimum required stream flows (mandated by
Dam Operations Plan)
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Evaluate Each of the Conservation Measures Not Currently
Implemented Promotion of energy audits Conversion to metered, pressurized
deliveries Piping or lining earthen canals Modifying distribution facilities and
district policies On-Farm irrigation scheduling assistance Construction of re-regulating reservoirs Adoption of rate structures Any other conservation measures
Part3
All items
in this section
should be evaluated
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Energy Audits
The district can contact local energy utilities to inquire about availability of energy audits by utility personnel, or training of district personnel to perform distribution system energy audits, such as evaluating existing pump stations. In addition to district level energy audit, there are resources available to district patrons through local utilities. For further information, visit the following websites:
– Oregon Dept. of Energy: http://oregon.gov/energy/incentives.shtml
– Energy Trust of Oregon: www.energytrust.org– Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance: www.nwalliance.org
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Energy Audits - ExampleAn Oregon State University study of actual efficiencies in 529 tests of pumps on working farms in Oregon found:
•Efficiencies ranged from 14% to 79%
•77% of the pumping plants were operating at less than 67% (the lower limit of nominal efficiencies)
•24% of the pimping plants were operating at less than 50% efficiency
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Conversion to Metered, Pressurized Deliveries
• Number of small parcels within district boundaries
• Potential for future division of larger parcels• Type of beneficial use expected on these parcels• Cost price estimates for construction of pump and
meter systems to deliver pressurized water to small parcels.
• Different fee structure (?)
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Piping or Lining Earthen Canals
• Obtain cost estimates for piping or lining earthen canals
• Prepare economic analysis that accounts for the value of the water saved.
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Modifying Distribution Facilities and District Policies• Operation strategies to increase water
delivery capability to specific areas• Structural modifications to improve
delivery efficiency• Short-term goal to identify
opportunities to improve delivery flexibility
• Long-term goal to secure funding for infrastructure improvements
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
On-Farm Irrigation Scheduling Assistance
Real Life Examples and Resources
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Construction of Re-Regulating Reservoirs
Where operational spills are significant, construction and operational costs for re-regulating reservoirs should be evaluated.
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Rate Structures
While OAR 690-086-0250 (6g) requires a district to evaluate the adoption of rate structures that encourage conservation, there may be statutory or contractual provisions that prescribe the district rate structure.
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Description and Estimated Implementation Schedule of
Conservation Measures Schedule for implementation of
proposed conservation measures Public Education Program Any other conservation measures
identified as feasible and appropriate
A program to monitor and evaluate implemented conservation measures
All Items
in this section
are required
Part4
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Public Education Program Examples
• Brochures providing tips for water savings• Displays at county fairs, community events,
libraries, schools, etc.• Partnerships with the private sector such as
lawn and garden centers• Speakers bureaus• Newsletters or press releases• Rain gauges, rain barrels, bumper stickers, etc.• Billboards, buses, radio, or television• Internet websites or email
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Evaluating and Monitoring Potential Conservation
Measures• Cost in comparison to other
measures and the overall operations budget
• Effectiveness/Efficiency of the conservation measure
• Effectiveness in meeting district needs
• Impact on revenue• Resources and operational capacity• Amount of water savings• How the water conservation actively
relates to district customers• Community acceptance
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Preparing a Water Curtailment Plan
Description of past supply deficiencies and current capacity limitations
Description of the situation(s) that trigger implementation of water curtailment elements
Description of the procedure used to allocate water during shortages
All Items
in this section
are required
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Sources of Information
• The National Drought Mitigation Center (University of Nebraska)
• The USDA/NRCS National Water Management Center
• AWWA Manual M-50 Water Resources Planning (2001)
• AWWA Drought Management Handbook (2002)
WRD Tools for dealing with a Drought:
•Emergency change in point of diversion (OAR 385-3145)
•Emergency water use permits
•Temporary transfers of water rights
•Use of existing right option/agreement
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Sources of Information
Drought Watch www.oregon.gov/OWRD/WR/
Drought.shtml
NRCS Drought Managementwww.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/
products/expert_assessment/season_drought.gif
BOR Reservoir Levelswww.usbr.gov/pn/hydromet/
select.html
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Past Supply Deficiencies and Current Capacity Limitations
• Historical discussion of actions taken in the past during times of environmental or man-made shortages
• Assessment of the ability to maintain delivery during drought or other source shortages
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Situation(s) that Trigger Implementation of Water
Curtailment Elements• Describe water supply situations that
cause curtailment plan to be implemented.
• Triggers could be linked to:– Basin weather data– Flow disruption– Water contamination– Pre-season assessment of supply
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Procedures Used to Allocate Water During Shortages
• Plan element should include:– Decision maker(s) to enact plan– List of officials to contact– Communication plan (who is notified and
when)– Which diversions are restricted and when– Operational changes to be instituted– Allocation authority or agreement(s)– Enforcement process
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Procedures Used to Allocate Water During Shortages
• Possible Water Allocation Methods include:– Uniform reduction– Priority date– Voluntary cut-backs– Buy back of water– Retiring of land
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Curtailment Triggers (Example)
A District monitors the NRCS and Hydromet web sites for current climate information and snowpack data.
– When the indices of precipitation and snow depth are more than 20% below average, water users are notified of potential drought during the irrigation season.
– If the indices are 30% below average and the depth of Theta Reservoir is 30% below average by April 1, allocation of water will be reduced uniformly to all water users.
– Delivery reductions will also be instituted if the Governor declares a basin-wide drought emergency.
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
You Are Almost Done!
The last steps are the water supply elements and a few additional requirements and you are ready to submit your plan for review!
Full steam ahead…
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Preparing the Water Supply Element
Estimate long-range demand, compare projected needs and sources
Evaluation of additional long-range water need factors
Part1
Part2
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Preparing the Water Supply Elements
Estimate of long-range water demand projections for 20 years
Comparison of the projected water needs and current supply sources
List of potential sources of water to supply the long-range needs
Comparison of potential sources of additional water
All Items
in this section
are required
Part1
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Sources of Information• District billing records• Prior WMCP• Oregon Department of Agriculture studies• City of County land use plans• Local or regional population forecasts or
demographic data• Interviews with local or county planning staff• Local weather information regarding temperature
and rainfall• Water rights information from WRD or your local
Watermaster
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Estimate of Long-Range Water Demand Projections
(20 Years)• Factors to consider:
– Lining or piping projects
– District boundary changes
– Agricultural and industry trends
– Urbanization trends– Climate changes
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Comparison of the Projected Water Needs and Available
Sources• Consider adequacy and reliability
of water sources to meet the projected demand– Physical restrictions of source
(interties, seasonal low flows)– Existing or future restrictions (ESA,
instream flow requirements, groundwater limits)
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
List and Comparison of Potential Sources of Water to Supply the
Long-range Needs• Consider sources such as:
– Conserved water– New sources– Water reuse
• Perform cost/benefit analysis of options identified
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Evaluation of the Effects of the Following Factors on Long-Range Water Needs
Regional options for meeting future water needs
Urbanized and other land use trends
Local government related plans or ordinances Part
2
All items
in this section
should be evaluated
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Evaluation of the Effects of the Following Factors on Long-Range Water Needs
• Regional Options for Meeting Future Water Needs– Look at options from a regional perspective
• Urbanized and Other Land Use Trends– Look at long-term water demands base on
potential land use changes
• Local Government Related Plans or Ordinances– Review and summarize long-term planning
indicatives, comprehensive plans, water supply plans
SupplyCurtailmentConservationDescription
Effects of Urbanization(Exercise)
Additional Information
List of affected local agencies (to involve in the review process)
Date of WMCP update submittal (must be within 10 years)
All Items
in this section
are required
The Typical WRD ProcessDraft PlanPrepared by
applicant
Applicant Submits
Final Plan
Initial Plan ReviewBy WRD
Final ReviewBy WRD
WRDProposed
Final Order
DeniedPlan not approved
Final OrderPlan approved by
WRD
Appeal Denied Contested Case
Request Review by WRD Director appointed board
Additional TimeNegotiate with WRD
for more time
Notification to applicant and
any commenter’s
by WRD
Plan does not pass review
File Appealwith Commission
Applicant provides30-day notice to affected local
governments
WRD providesPublic notice
on website
WRD Provides Comment
on Initial Plan
ApplicantSubmits
Plan to WRD
Applicant and commenting parties have
30 daysto appeal
Plan does not meet WRD criteria for approval
Early public involvement saves you time and money in the review
Questions/Comments