Diversity of MICROBIAL WORLD.pptx

7/25/2019 Diversity of MICROBIAL WORLD.pptx

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DIVERSITY OFMICROBIAL

WORLD

Kelompok 6


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MICROBIAL WORLD

Beyond your level o v!"!on e#!"$" %m!&ro'!%l (orld $eem!n) (!$* l!e

+ener%lly, ! (e $*!nk o m!&ro'e" %$%ll, (e $*!nk o $*em %" d!"e%"e%)en$"

Tod%y, m!&ro'e" %re %l"o 'e!n) u"ed

!n $*e r%p!dly )ro(!n) '!o$e&*nolo)y-eld

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MICROBES FLO.RIS/

0re"en$ on E%r$* 123 $o 4 '!ll!onye%r" %)o

Evolv!n) %nd e#p%nd!n) !n$o ne(env!ronmen$"

Dr!ven $*e developmen$ o ne(

e&o"y"$em"

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CLASSIFICATIO5

L!v!n) or)%n!"m" &%n 'e )rouped!n$o $*ree dom%!n"

%2 T*e Ar&*e% Euk%ryo$e"'2 T*e B%&$er!%

0rok%ryo$e"

&2 T*e Eu&%r!%

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BACTERIA ARCAHEA EUKARYA

CELL TY0E 0rok%ryo$!& 0rok%ryo$!& Euk%ryo$!&

CELL WALL Con$%!n"

pep$!do)ly&%n

L%&k"

pep$!do&ly&%n

I pre"en$

&on$%!n"pep$!do)ly&%n

0LASMA MEMBRA5ELI0ID

E"$er l!nk"'e$(een pol%r*e%d 7 %$$y%&!d"

E"$er l!nk" E"$er l!nk"

R5A 0OLYMERASE One 84 "u'un!$"9 Sever%l 8:;


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.5IVERSAL 0/YLO+E5ETIC TREE


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ST.CT.RE OF 0ROKARYOTES

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8

ST.CT.RE OF E.KARYOTES


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COMPONENT PROKARYOTE(%)

EUKARYOTE(%)

NUCLEIC ACIDPROTEINPOLYSACCHARIDE

PEPTIDOGLYCANLIPID

4>


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Rel%$!ve "!?e" o m!&roor)%n!"m"

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Comp%r!"on o Cell" %nd V!ru"e"


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5ORMAL FLORA

Re)ul%rly ound !n &er$%!n %re% !n*um%n 'ody

0redom!n%n$ &omponen$ @'%&$er!% T*ey prol!er%$e !n on $*e mu&o"% %nd

p%r$!&ul%rly !n $*e )%"$ro!n$e"$!n%l$r%&$@4>> d!eren$ "pe&!e"

Over o $*e norm%l mu&o"%l or%%re o'l!)%$e %n%ero'e", dom!n%$ed 'y$*e )r%m;ne)%$!ve 7 %n%ero'e"


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Bene-$ or $*e!r *o"$"pene$r%$e !n$o $*e *o"$ $*rou)*

m!&ro$r%um%", re"ul$!n) !n % &on$!nuou"

"$!mul%$!on o $*e !mmune "y"$em&ompe$e or l!v!n) "p%&e (!$* over$ly

p%$*o)en!& "pe&!e" 8&olon!?%$!on re"!"$%n&e9

0o$en$!%lly *%rmul ee&$ &%u"e!ne&$!on" !n !mmuno&omprom!"ed!nd!v!du%l"


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D!"$ur'ed '%l%n&e@ m%y le%d $o !ne&$!on"

F%&$or"Redu&ed 'ody deen&e"

In&re%"e p%$*o)en!&!$y

Al$er%$!on 'y %n$!'!o$!&"

@Bro%d "pe&$rum &%n


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5orm%l Flor% %nd T*e Re)!on"


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CATE+ORIES OF I5FECTIO.S A+E5TS

0RIO5S 0r!on" %re %'norm%l orm" o % *o"$ pr!on

pro$e!n 80r09

T*e"e %)en$" &%u"e $r%n"m!""!'le"pon)!orm en&ep*%lop%$*!e"!n&lud!n)Creu$?eld;%ko' d!"e%"e, 'ov!ne"pon)!orm en&ep*%lop%$*y, %nd v%r!%n$Creu$?eld$;%ko' d!"e%"e2

T*e pro$e%"e;re"!"$%n$ 0r0 promo$e"&onver"!on o $*e norm%l pro$e%"e;"en"!$!ve 0r0 $o $*e %'norm%l

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0RIO5


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VIR.SES

V!ru"e" %re o'l!)%$e !n$r%&ellul%rp%r%"!$e"*o"$ &ell" me$%'ol!&$*e!rrepl!&%$!on

V!ru"e" &on"!"$ o nu&le!& %&!d )enome8 D5A or R5A 9 "urrounded 'y % pro$e!n&o%$ 8&%p"ed9

T*e "*%pe o $*e &%p"!d !&o"%*edr%l or

*el!&%l %nd "ome$!me" &overed 'y l!p!denvelope

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EGAM0LES

Cy$ome)%lov!ru" 8CMV9 &y$ome)%l!&!n&lu"!on d!"e%"e

/erpe" v!ru" &old "ore, )en!$%l *erpe"

/ep%$!$!" A;E v!ru"

%&u$e 7 &*ron!&*ep%$!$!" V%r!&ell%;?o"$er v!ru"&*!&kenpo# /um%n p%p!llom%v!ru"&ondylom%, &erv!%l

&%r&!nom% 0ol!o v!ru" pol!omyel!$!" Ep"$e!n B%rr v!ru" !ne&$!ou"

mononu&leo"!" /IV;< %nd /IV;= AIDS


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BACTERIO0/A+ES, 0LASMIDS,TRA5S0OSO5S

Mo'!le )ene$!& elemen$" $*%$ !ne&$'%&$er!% %nd &%n !nd!re&$ly &%u"e *um%nd!"e%"e" 'y en&od!n) '%&$er!%l v!rulen&e

%&$or" B%&$er!op*%)e" or pl%"m!d" &%n &onver$

o$*er(!"e nonp%$*o)en!& '%&$er!% !n$ov!rulen$ one"

0l%"m!d" or $r%n"po"on" en&od!n)%n$!'!o$!& re"!"$%n&e

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DIA+RAM OF BACTERIO0/A+E

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BACTERIA B%&$er!%l !ne&$!on" %re &ommon &%u"e" o

d!"e%"e B%&$er!%l &ell" %re prok%ryo$e"

Cl%""!-ed 'y +r%m "$%!n!n) 8po"!$!ve orne)%$!ve9, "*%pe 8e2)2, "p*er!&%l one" %recocciH rod;"*%ped one" %re bacilli9, %nd ormo re"p!r%$!on 8%ero'!& or %n%ero'!&9

T*ere %re $(o orm" o &ell (%ll "$ru&$ure" +r%m;po"!$!ve '%&$er!%8re$%!n" &ry"$%l v!ole$ "$%!n"9 +r%m;ne)%$!ve '%&$er!% 8no$ re$%!n" &ry"$%l v!ole$

"$%!n"9

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Mo"$ '%&$er!% "yn$*e"!?e $*e!r o(nD5A, R5A, %nd pro$e!n", 'u$ @ *o"$or $*e!r nu$r!$!on

Mo"$ '%&$er!%@e#$r%&ellul%r, O'l!)%$e !n$r%&ellul%r '%&$er!%@&%n

)ro( only (!$*!n *o"$ &ell"

F%&ul$%$!ve !n$r%&ellul%r '%&$er!%@&%n "urv!ve %nd repl!&%$e e!$*erou$"!de or !n"!de o *o"$ &ell"


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D!eren&e" o )r%m ne)%$!ve %nd )r%mpo"!$!ve '%&$er!%


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PropertyGra!po"#t#$e

Gra!e&at#$e

T*!&kne"" o (%ll $*!&k 8=>;:>nm9

$*!n 8 nm9

5um'er o l%yer" < =

0ep$!do)ly&%n 8mure!n9&on$en$

J3> ;=>

Te!&*o!& %&!d" !n (%ll pre"en$ %'"en$

L!p!d %nd l!popro$e!n&on$en$

>;1 3:

0ro$e!n &on$en$ >

L!popoly"%&&*%r!de&on$en$

>


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B%"!& "*%pe o '%&$er!%


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S*%pe %nd %rr%n)emen$" o '%&$er!%l &ell


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E"&*er!&*!% &ol! S$%p*ylo&o&&u" %ureu"

My&o'%&$er!um $u'er&ulo"!" Borrel!% 'ur)dorer!


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MICROBIAL METABOLISM

M!&roor)%n!"m" v%ry (!$* re)%rd $o $*e"our&e" o ener)y

%2 0*o$o$rop* l!)*$

'2 C*emo$rop* &*em!&%l&2 C*emoor)%no$rop* or)%n!&&ompound

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A Cell" Me$%'ol!"m &%n 'e dev!ded !n$o$*e ollo(!n) 3 "e&$!on"


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12 T*e NBu!ld!n) Blo&k %re &onver$ed$o monomer" even$u%ly !n %n%&$!v%$ed orm

42 T*e"e %&$!v%$ed monomer" %repolymer!?ed

@T*e"e $(o '!o"yn$*e$!& pro&e""e"

&ompr!"!n) A5ABOLISM reu!reener)y m%!nly prov!ded %" AT0

32 T*e 0olymer" %re $r%n"por$ed $o $*e%ppropr!%$e %re% o $*e &ell or $*e!rproper un&$!on 33


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C/LAMYDIAE, RICKETTSIAE,MYCO0LASMAS

T*e"e m!&ro'e" %re )rouped $o)e$*er 'e&%u"e@l!ke % '%&$er!% dev!de 'y '!n%ry -""!on7 "en"!$!ve$o %n$!'!o$!&"@ 'u$ l%&k o &er$%!n "$ru&$ure"

My&opl%"m l%&k % &ell (%ll %nd C*l%myd!%&%nno$ "yn$*e"!?e %deno"!ne $r!p*o"p*%$e PAT0Q

C*l%myd!%e %nd R!&ke$$"!%e %re o'l!)%$e!n$r%&ellul%r or)%n!"m $*%$ repl!&%$e !nmem'r%ne;'ound v%&uole" !n ep!$*el!%l &ell" %nd

$*e &y$opl%"m o endo$*el!%l &ell"

R!&ke$$"!%e %re no$%'le or $*e!r $r%n"m!""!on 'y%r$*ropod ve&$or", !n&lud!n) l!&e, $!&k", %nd m!$e"

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Chlamydia trachomatis!" $*e mo"$ reuen$!ne&$!ou" &%u"e o em%le "$er!l!$y %nd'l!ndne""

By !nur!n) endo$*el!%l &ell", r!&ke$$"!%e &%u"e% *emorr*%)!& v%"&ul!$!", m%y %l"o &%u"e %$r%n"!en$ pneumon!% or *ep%$!$!" 8 ever9 or!nure $*e &en$r%l nervou" "y"$em 8C5S9

Mycoplasma e)2 M. pneumoniae"pre%d"rom per"on $o per"on 'y %ero"ol", '!nd" $o$*e "ur%&e o ep!$*el!%l &ell" !n $*e %!r(%y",%nd &%u"e" %n %$yp!&%l pneumon!%


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F.5+I Fun)! %re euk%ryo$e" $*%$ $*!&k &*!$!n;&on$%!n!n) &ell

(%ll" %nd er)o"$erol;&on$%!n!n) &ell mem'r%ne" Fun)! &%n )ro( e!$*er %" 'udd!n) ye%"$ &ell" or %"

"lender -l%men$ou" *yp*%e2

/yp*%e m%y 'e "ep$%$e or %"ep$%$e Fun)! m%y produ&e "e#u%l "pore" or, %"e#u%l "pore" Fun)! m%y &%u"e "uper-&!%l or deep !ne&$!on"

; Super-&!%l !ne&$!on" !nvolve $*e "k!n, *%!r, %ndn%!l" 8Derm%$op*y$" $!ne% ped!", $!ne% &%p!$!"9

; Deep un)%l !ne&$!on" &%n de"$roy!n) v!$%lor)%n" !n !mmuno&omprom!"ed *o"$" 8&%nd!d%,%"per)!llu", &ryp$o&o&&u"9

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Yea"t; C%nd!d% %l'!&%n"


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0ROTOOA

0%r%"!$!& pro$o?o% %re euk%ryo$e"

0ro$o?o% &%n repl!&%$e !n$r%&ellul%rly (!$*!n %

v%r!e$y o &ell" 8Plasmodium !n red 'lood&ell", Leishmania !n m%&rop*%)e"9 ore#$r%&ellul%rly !n $*e uro)en!$%l "y"$em,!n$e"$!ne, or 'lood

Trichomonas vaginalis %re p%r%"!$e" $*%$ %re"e#u%lly $r%n"m!$$ed %nd &%n &olon!?e $*ev%)!n% %nd m%le ure$*r%2

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En$%moe'% *!"$oly$!&% %nd +!%rd!% l%m'l!%, *%ve$(o orm"

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Tr!&*omon%" v%)!n%l!" To#opl%"m% )ond!!


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T

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OA

F.5

+I

Fun)! %nd pro$o?o% &omp%r!"on


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/ELMI5T/S

0%r%"!$!& (orm" %re *!)*ly d!eren$!%$edmul$!&ellul%r or)%n!"m"

Depend!n) on p%r%"!$e "pe&!e", *um%n"m%y *%r'or e!$*er %dul$ (orm" 8Ascaris

lumbricoides)or !mm%$ure "$%)e"8Toxocara canis) or %"e#u%l l%rv%l orm"8Echinococcus "pe&!e"9

T*ere %re $(o &on"euen&e" orepl!&%$!on o %dul$ (orm" D!"e%"e !" o$en &%u"ed 'y !n%mm%$oryre"pon"e" $o $*e e))" or l%rv%e r%$*er $*%n $o $*e%dul$" D!"e%"e !" !n propor$!on $o $*e num'er oor)%n!"m" $*%$ *%ve !ne&$ed $*e !nd!v!du%l

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Roundorms8nematodes9 *%ve % &oll%)enou"$e)umen$ %nd % non"e)men$ed "$ru&$ure 8Ascaris"pe&!e", *ook(orm", Strongyloides! Trichinella"pe&!e" %mon) $*e $!""ue !nv%der"9

"latorms8cestodes9 %re )u$le"" (orm" (*o"e*e%d 8"&ole#9 "prou$" % r!''on o %$ "e)men$"8pro)lo$$!d"9 &overed 'y %n %'"orp$!ve $e)umen$28pork, 'ee, %nd -"* $%pe(orm" %nd $*e &y"$!&$%pe(orm l%rv%e 8cysticerci%nd hydatid&y"$"9

"lu#es8trematodes9 %re le%!ke (orm" (!$* %"yn&y$!%l !n$e)umen$ 8$*e A"!%n l!ver %nd lun)uke" %nd $*e 'lood;d(ell!n) "&*!"$o"ome"9


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A"&%r!" lum'r!&o!de"

S&*!"$o"om% m%n"on!

F%"&!ol% *ep%$!&%


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ECTO0ARASITES

E&$op%r%"!$e" %re !n"e&$" 8l!&e, 'ed'u)", e%"9 or%r%&*n!d" 8m!$e", $!&k", "p!der"9 $*%$ %$$%&* $o%nd l!ve on or !n $*e "k!n

Ar$*ropod" m%y produ&e d!"e%"e 'y d!re&$ $!""ued%m%)e or !nd!re&$ly 'y "erv!n) %" $*e ve&$or"or $r%n"m!""!on o !ne&$!ou" %)en$" 8e2)2, deer$!&k" $r%n"m!$ $*e Lyme d!"e%"e "p!ro&*e$e $.

burgdor%eri9

Some %r$*ropod" !ndu&e !$&*!n) %nd e#&or!%$!on"8e2)2, ped!&ulo"!" @*%!r "*%$", or "&%'!e" &%u"ed@$*e "$r%$um &orneum9

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T/A5K YO.

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Diversity of MICROBIAL WORLD.pptx