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DIVYA BISHT
INDEPENDENT STUDY PROJECTSIT STUDY ABROAD
HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS SPRING 2014
The Women of Uttarakhand: A Chullah
Workforce
Research Question
How do chullahs, both traditional and improved, effect the lives of women in rural Uttarakhand? Health, children’s health, and work productivity
How are improved cookstove initiatives being implemented in Uttarakhand?
How effective have these initiatives been in improving women’s lives?
Background
An International glance:Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves
3 billion people lack access to clean cookstoves and fuels
Goal is to foster the adoption of clean cookstoves and fuels in 100 million households by 2020
UNDP Millennium Development Goals Reduce child mortality, Improve Maternal Health and
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
An Indian glance –
Majority of India’s population is still rural
Indian population that depends on solid fuel as a primary source: 67% Rural population: 87%(Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves)
Indoor Air Pollution & Burning Solid Fuels
Health Hazards “Day in and day out, and for hours at a time, women and their
small children breathe in amounts of smoke equivalent to consuming two packs of cigarettes per day.” – (WHO, 2006)
Black carbon emissions “Biomass cooking causes about two-thirds of black carbon
emissions in South Asia.” – Climatologist Veerabhadran Ramanathan
Deforestation 275-400 million of the Indian population are forest dependent Local livelihood dependence results in degradation
Methods
Interviews and ObservationsFieldwork was conducted in:
Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand in the Dhari and Himrol villages (5 days)
Haridwar district, Uttarakhand in the Rasulpur village (day visit)
Dehradun district, Uttarakhand in the Donkwala village (day visit)
Women of Uttarkashi
Cook with indoor chullahPrimary fuel source: wood Women collect wood from
far away 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Symptoms of smoke exposure: Primarily eye pain and
coughing LPG stove access
Inconsistent supply Too expensive
Panchi’s story
Panchi from Naugaon, Uttarkashi went from:
Traditional stove toChimney stove toLPG stove
Chullahs in Rasulpur village
Outdoor traditional chullahs
About three years ago, Friends of Doon Society gave smokeless chullahs to some families in Rasulpur village
Chullahs were used for about three months and then fell into disuse
Why the failure?
Chullahs required the wood to be chopped into small blocks to insert
Incident in Rasulpur is demonstrative of failures of cookstove projects across India
Major knowledge gap between manufacturers and rural villagers
National Program for Improved Cookstoves
1984 to 2002 34 million improved stoves were produced Rs 1.5 billion spent ($32 billion USD)
But:Lack of field monitoring and evaluationNo development of market mechanisms In 2002, program was decentralized
Different places, different cookstoves
Diet preferences are diverse across different regions in India
Uttarakhand: high-energy food necessities due to cold temperatures
Improved cookstoves should: Have higher heat efficiency Capability to go from low to high heat intensity Sustain long periods of cooking
National Biomass Cookstoves Initiative
Launched in December 2009 – one of the largest in the developed world
Supports local level training and employment opportunities
Acknowledges the need to commercialize cookstoves
Monitoring and evaluation scheme
To conclude, back to the research questions…
How do chullahs, both traditional and improved, effect the lives of women in rural Uttarakhand? Health, children’s health, and work productivity
How are improved cookstove initiatives being implemented in Uttarakhand?
How effective have these initiatives been in improving women’s lives?
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